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Kyu M, Kim M, Lawrence M, Quinonez D, Brooks C, Ramachandran R, Séguin CA. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 regulates extracellular matrix composition and mediates load-induced intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01149-X. [PMID: 38604493 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a multi-modally activated cation channel that mediates mechanotransduction pathways by which musculoskeletal tissues respond to mechanical load and regulate tissue health. Using conditional Trpv4 knockout mice, we investigated the role of Trpv4 in regulating intervertebral disc (IVD) health and injury-induced IVD degeneration. METHODS Col2-Cre;Trpv4fl/f (Trpv4 KO) mice were used to knockout Trpv4 in all type 2 collagen-expressing cells. Effects of gene targeting alone was assessed in lumbar spines, using vertebral bone length measurement, histological, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses, and mechanical testing. Disc puncture was performed on caudal IVDs of wild-type (WT) and Trpv4 KO mice at 2.5- and 6.5-months-of-age. Six weeks after puncture (4- and 8-months-of-age at sacrifice), caudal spines were assessed using histological analyses. RESULTS While loss of Trpv4 did not significantly alter vertebral bone length and tissue histomorphology compared to age-matched WT mice, Trpv4 KO mice showed decreased proteoglycan and PRG4 staining in the annulus fibrosus compared to WT. At the gene level, Trpv4 KO mice showed significantly increased expression of Acan, Bgn, and Prg4 compared to WT. Functionally, loss of Trpv4 was associated with significantly increased neutral zone length in lumbar IVDs. Following puncture, both Trpv4 KO and WT mice showed similar signs of degeneration at the site of injury. Interestingly, loss of Trpv4 prevented mechanically-induced degeneration in IVDs adjacent to sites of injury. CONCLUSION These studies suggest a role for Trpv4 in regulating extracellular matrix synthesis and mediating the response of IVD tissues to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Quinonez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryle A Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Nørregaard LB, Wickham KA, Jeppesen JS, Rytter N, Christoffersen LC, Gliemann L, Lawrence M, Evans PA, Kruuse C, Hellsten Y. Exercise transiently increases the density of incipient blood clots in antiplatelet-treated lacunar stroke patients. Thromb J 2024; 22:35. [PMID: 38581046 PMCID: PMC10996168 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older individuals and, in particular, individuals at risk of recurrent stroke, may be susceptible to thrombosis when participating in exercise, however, this aspect has not been well investigated. METHODS Clot microstructure and conventional markers of thrombotic risk were determined in twenty lacunar stroke patients and fifteen healthy age-matched controls before, immediately after and 1 h after a bout of moderate intensity cycling exercise. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach. RESULTS At rest, clot microstructure (1.69 ± 0.07 vs. 1.64 ± 0.05, corresponding to a difference of ~ 50% in normalized clot mass; p = 0.009) and thrombocyte count (73%; p < 0.0001) were higher, and activated partial thromboplastin time was lower (18%; p = 0.0001) in stroke patients compared to age-matched controls. Acute exercise increased thrombogenic markers similarly in the two groups: incipient clot microstructure (1.69 ± 0.07 vs. 1.74 ± 0.05; p = 0.0004 and 1.64 ± 0.05 vs. 1.71 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively), plasma fibrinogen (12%; p < 0.0001 and 18%; p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively) and the combined coagulation factors II, VII and X (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively). CONCLUSION The results show that exercise transiently increases the risk of blood clot formation in both stroke patients and controls, however, due to the higher baseline thrombogenicity in stroke patients, the post exercise risk of forming blood clots may be higher in this group. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03635177).
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Nørregaard
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K A Wickham
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Environmental Ergonomics Lab, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - J S Jeppesen
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Rytter
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L C Christoffersen
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Gliemann
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - C Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y Hellsten
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pappas S, Brosius W, Hayes R, Lawrence M, McMichael B, Zimmermann D, McCauley L. Maximizing the potential value of the nursing workforce. Nurs Outlook 2024; 72:102016. [PMID: 37574395 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This panel paper is the fifth installment in a six-part Nursing Outlook special edition based on the 2022 Emory Business Case for Nursing Summit. The 2022 summit convened national nursing, health care, and business leaders to explore possible solutions to nursing workforce crises, including the nursing shortage. Each of the summit's four panels authored a paper in this special edition on their respective topic, and this panel paper focuses on maximizing the potential value of the nursing workforce. It addresses topics including the need to create a nursing-inclusive federal health care billing system improve nursing salaries by designing/testing nurse-informed compensation models, and strengthen nursing's national professional infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rose Hayes
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA.
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4
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Cronin SK, Barnard AM, Dietz SJ, Lawrence M, Kramer AE, Gressley TF. Effect of short-term abomasal corn starch infusions on postruminal fermentation and blood measures. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8658-8669. [PMID: 37641271 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is possible that some of the systemic responses to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) may be caused by increased intestinal starch fermentation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of abomasal infusion of up to 3 g of corn starch/kg body weight (approximately 1.6 kg of starch/d) on fecal measures of fermentation, plasma acute phase proteins, and white blood cell populations. Six ruminally cannulated cows in late lactation were randomly assigned to duplicate 3 × 3 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Cows were fed a 20.6% starch TMR twice daily and during the last 7 d of each period cows were abomasally infused with corn starch at 0 (CON), 1 (ST1), or 3 (ST3) g/kg body weight split into 2 bolus infusions, provided every 12 h. Fecal samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h following feeding on d 21 and were analyzed for pH, VFA, lactic acid, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Composite fecal samples were used to estimate apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility using undigested neutral detergent fiber as an internal marker. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 6 h relative to feeding on d 14, 18, and 21 of each period. Concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in plasma were measured in all samples, 0 h samples on d 14 and 21 were used to measure white blood cell populations, and 0 h samples from d 14, 18, and 21 were used for flow cytometric analysis of γδ T cells. Data were analyzed in SAS using models that included fixed effects of treatment and period and the random effects of cow and square. For blood measures, d 14 samples collected before the initiation of abomasal infusions were included as covariates. Time (d or h) was added as a repeated measure in variables that included multiple samples during the abomasal infusion period. A contrast was used to determine the linear effect of increasing abomasal corn starch. Abomasal corn starch linearly decreased fecal pH and linearly increased fecal total VFA and LPS, but effects were modest, with fecal pH, total VFA, and LPS changing from 6.96, 57.7 mM, and 4.14 log10 endotoxin units (EU) per gram for the CON treatment to 6.69, 64.1 mM, and 4.58 log10 EU/g for the ST3 treatment, respectively. This suggests that we did not induce hindgut acidosis. There were no effects of treatment on apparent total-tract starch digestibility or fecal starch content (mean of 96.9% and 2.2%, respectively). Treatment did not affect serum acute phase proteins or most circulating white blood cells, but the proportion of circulating γδ T cells tended to linearly decrease from 6.69% for CON to 4.61% for ST3. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased hindgut starch fermentation did not induce an inflammatory response in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cronin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - A M Barnard
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - S J Dietz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - M Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - A E Kramer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - T F Gressley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
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Vest AR, Price LL, Chanda A, Sweigart BA, Chery J, Lawrence M, Parsly L, Gulati G, Kiernan MS, Upshaw JN, Kawabori M, Couper GS, Saltzman E. Cardiac Cachexia in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients and the Implications of Weight Gain Early After Implantation. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e029086. [PMID: 37382139 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe cardiac cachexia or malnutrition are commonly considered relative contraindications to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, but post-LVAD prognosis for patients with cachexia is uncertain. Methods and Results Intermacs (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) 2006 to 2017 was queried for the preimplantation variable cachexia/malnutrition. Cox proportional hazards modeling examined the relationship between cachexia and LVAD outcomes. Of 20 332 primary LVAD recipients with available data, 516 (2.54%) were reported to have baseline cachexia and had higher risk baseline characteristics. Cachexia was associated with higher mortality during LVAD support (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.36 [95% CI, 1.18-1.56]; P<0.0001), persisting after adjustment for baseline characteristics (adjusted HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.0-1.42]; P=0.005). Mean weight change at 12 months was +3.9±9.4 kg. Across the cohort, weight gain ≥5% during the first 3 months of LVAD support was associated with lower mortality (unadjusted HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.98]; P=0.012; adjusted HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.97]; P=0.006). Conclusions The proportion of LVAD recipients recognized to have cachexia preimplantation was low at 2.5%. Recognized cachexia was independently associated with higher mortality during LVAD support. Early weight gain ≥5% was independently associated with lower mortality during subsequent LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Vest
- CardioVascular Center Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute Tufts University Boston MA USA
- Institute of Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Anindita Chanda
- Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Hartford CT USA
| | - Benjamin A Sweigart
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute Tufts University Boston MA USA
- Institute of Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Joronia Chery
- CardioVascular Center Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | | | - Lauren Parsly
- Frances Stern Nutrition Center Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Gaurav Gulati
- CardioVascular Center Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University Boston MA USA
- USDA Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA USA
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Corey TM, Illanes O, Lawrence M, Perez SE, Liddie S, Callanan JJ. Naturally occurring histological findings and Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain of aging African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). J Comp Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37279778 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important to study the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and evaluate therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the age-associated incidence of natural CNS pathology in a given NHP species is critical to assess the safety of potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe background and age-related neuropathology in the St. Kitts African green monkey (AGM), a recognized translational model for neurodegenerative research, additionally defining the age progression of AD-associated neuropathology in this species. Seventy-one AGM brains were examined, representing age groups of 3-6 years (n = 20), 7-9 years (n = 20), 10-15 years (n = 20), and >15 years (n = 11). A subset of brains (n = 31) was assessed immunohistochemically for AD-related pathology, including expressions of Aβ, tau, and GFAP. Age-related microscopic findings included hemosiderosis, spheroid formation, neuronal lipofuscinosis and neuromelanosis, white matter and neuropil vacuolation, astrocytosis, and focal microgliosis. Non-age-related findings included perivascular ceroid-laden macrophages, meningeal melanosis, and vascular mineralization. Immunohistochemistry revealed 4G8-immunopositive Aβ plaques and vascular deposits in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of nine animals over 15 years of age, with associated increase in GFAP expression. In 12 animals, 11 over the age of 10 years, phosphorylated tau CP13-immunoreactive neurons, neuropil, and oligodendrocyte-like cells were seen in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, orbital, temporal, and entorhinal cortices as well as the hippocampus; no neurofibrillary tangles were observed. AD-related pathology showed an age-related development in cognitive-associated areas in the AGM, highlighting the value of the AGM as a natural model for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Corey
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Virscio, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Oscar Illanes
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Virscio, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Shervin Liddie
- Virscio, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - John J Callanan
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Rotenstreich Y, Sher I, Lawrence M, Mangelus M, Ingerman A, Barak Y. A Novel Device for Suprachoroidal Drug Delivery to Retina: Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 37289173 PMCID: PMC10257339 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evaluation of distribution and tolerance of suprachoroidal injection of indocyanine green (ICG) in nonhuman primates (NHPs) using a novel suprachoroidal (SC) delivery technology. Methods Three live and three euthanized African green monkeys were injected with 150 or 200 µL ICG/eye into the SC space of both eyes, 2.5 mm posterior to the limbus in the inferior quadrant, utilizing a novel SC injector. Eyes were analyzed by imaging of scleral flatmounts. Live animals were observed for 24 hours for general health. Ophthalmic evaluation included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, fundus imaging, confocal laser ophthalmoscopy, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) before and at 10 minutes and 1, 3, and 24 hours post-injection. Results SC dosing was successfully performed in all eyes. Infrared fundus imaging demonstrated ICG distribution throughout the posterior segment, reaching the macula within 24 hours post-injection. No inflammation, intravitreal penetration, SC blebs, retinal detachment, or hemorrhages were detected. No significant changes were observed in retinal thickness by SD-OCT (P = 0.267, ANOVA). A mild, statistically insignificant elevation in intraocular pressure was observed within 10 minutes post-injection (mean ± standard error: 7.28 ± 5.09 mmHg; P = 0.061) and was spontaneously resolved within the first hour after dosing. Conclusions Suprachoroidal injection of 150 to 200 µL ICG dye was successfully performed and well tolerated in NHP eyes, with rapid distribution into the macular region and throughout the posterior pole. Translational Relevance This novel SC drug delivery system may potentially provide safe and effective delivery of therapeutics to the posterior pole region in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ygal Rotenstreich
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Sher
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- TELEM Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Yoreh Barak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Watson O, Zaldua JC, Pillai S, Whitley J, Howard M, Lawrence M, Hawkins K, Morris K, Evans PA. The efficacy of low molecular weight heparin is reduced in COVID-19. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:333-344. [PMID: 36442189 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant degree of mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 is through thromboembolic complications, only partially mitigated by anticoagulant therapy. Reliable markers of infection severity are not fully established. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether visco-elastic biomarkers predict disease severity on presentation to the Emergency Department (ED) and how they measure response to anticoagulationMETHODS:Patients testing positive for COVID-19 at a large University Teaching Hospital ED were recruited at presentation. Multiple blood samples were taken throughout hospital admission to monitor disease progression with end outcome recorded. Visco-elastic markers, fractal dimension (df) and Time to Gel Point (TGP) which measure the properties of the incipient clot were compared in patients with and without anticoagulation by Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH). RESULTS TGP and df did not predict severity of infection with COVID-19. Although LMWH prolonged TGP, there was no change in df indicating LMWH did not change clot microstructure. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic efficacy of LMWH appears blunted in COVID-19 infection. This may be due to the inflammatory state creating a resistance to LMWH activity, which may explain why LMWH appears less effective in COVID-19 compared to other disease states. COVID-19 was not predicted by visco-elastic testing at the time of ED presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Watson
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Jun-Cezar Zaldua
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Suresh Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Janet Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Howard
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Karl Hawkins
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Keith Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus Western Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillip Adrian Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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Boyd K, Lawrence M, Borish L, Wavell K, Teague G. IMPACT OF ALLERGEN SENSITIZATION ON AIRFLOW LIMITATION IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Breidenbaugh M, Lawrence M, Borish L, Minnicozzi S, Shirley D. BALANCING GVHD IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND COVID19 VIRAL REACTIVATION IN A PATIENT WITH ATYPICAL COMPLETE DIGEORGE SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9646424 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Van Citters A, Aliaj E, Cary J, King J, Alvarez J, Brown C, Cravens R, Frederick C, Georgiopoulos A, Goss C, Kazmerski T, Lawrence M, Lovell C, Tillman L, Yu E. 322 Highly-effective modulator therapies: Impact on the well-being of people living with cystic fibrosis and implications for the cystic fibrosis care model. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Corey TM, Woodley VV, O'Connor M, Connolly E, Doyle S, Shrader S, Phipps C, Isaac K, Lawrence M. Evaluation of the Dose-Dependent Inflammatory Response and No-Observable Adverse Effect Level of Intravitreal Endotoxin in the African Green Monkey. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 35980670 PMCID: PMC9404367 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the inflammatory effects and no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of intravitreal endotoxin in an African green monkey model of uveitis. Methods Fifteen green monkeys were administered intravitreal endotoxin ranging from 0.005 to 0.08 endotoxin unit (EU)/eye. Inflammation was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect fundoscopy, tonometry, color fundus photography, ocular coherence tomography, laser flare photometry, and histopathology, with analysis of cytokine levels in aqueous and vitreous humor. The inter-rater reliability of a refined nonhuman primate ophthalmic scoring system was evaluated. Results A dose-dependent inflammatory response was observed beginning at 0.02 EU/eye; no inflammatory response exceeding the vehicle was observed at 0.005 EU/eye. Retinal pathology was minimal, and posterior visualization degraded with increasing inflammation. Inflammation was observed by histopathology at 0.04 EU/eye. Inter-rater reliability of the scoring system was high, with 99.2% of individual scores differing by 1 scale unit or less and 87.2% of summary scores differing by 2 scale units or less. Conclusions The NOAEL for intravitreal endotoxin in the green monkey is 0.005 EU/eye, with inflammation increasing with increasing dose beginning at 0.02 EU/eye. This updated nonhuman primate ophthalmic scoring system allows for high inter-rater reliability for the quantification of mild to severe inflammation in the green monkey eye. Translational Relevance Validation of the ophthalmic inflammation scoring system enables application of the green monkey as a valuable translational model. Candidate therapeutics should be confirmed to have endotoxin levels below this threshold before safety testing in this species to enable interpretation of inflammation and minimize impact on animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Connolly
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Doyle
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Watson O, Pillai S, Howard M, Cezar-Zaldua J, Whitley J, Burgess B, Lawrence M, Hawkins K, Morris K, Evans PA. Impaired fibrinolysis in severe Covid-19 infection is detectable in early stages of the disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:183-191. [PMID: 35694917 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant degree of mortality and morbidity in Covid-19 is due to thromboembolic disease. Coagulopathy has been well described in critically unwell patients on ICU. There is less clear evidence regarding these changes at the time of presentation to the Emergency Department and the progression of disease over time. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether coagulation markers can predict severity and how they change over the disease course. METHODS Patients presenting to a single University Teaching Hospital were recruited and followed up if PCR was positive. Alongside routine blood testing, Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed. Outcome data was recorded for all patients, and ROTEM values were compared across outcome groups. RESULTS Extem and Intem Maximum Lysis were significantly reduced in those who died or required an ICU admission, indicating a reduced ability to break down clot mass in the most critically unwell patients. CONCLUSION Comparisons between groups demonstrated that one distinguishing feature between those who require ICU admission or die of Covid-19 compared with those who survive a hospital stay to discharge was the extent to which fibrinolysis could occur. Mortality and morbidity in Covid-19 infection appears in part driven by an inability to break down clot mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Watson
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - M Howard
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - J Cezar-Zaldua
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - J Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - B Burgess
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board
| | | | - K Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
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14
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Vest AR, Wong WW, Chery J, Coston A, Telfer L, Lawrence M, Celkupa D, Kiernan MS, Couper G, Kawabori M, Saltzman E. Skeletal Muscle Mass Recovery Early After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009012. [PMID: 35378982 PMCID: PMC9117416 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced systolic heart failure are at risk of unintentional weight loss and muscle wasting. It has been observed that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients gain weight after device implantation, although it is unknown whether this represents skeletal muscle mass gains. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mass increases early during LVAD support. METHODS We prospectively recruited 30 adults with systolic heart failure ±21 days from LVAD implantation. Participants underwent whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure fat free mass, appendicular lean mass (ALM, lean mass in the arms and legs) and fat mass. Dual X-ray absorptiometry imaging was repeated at 3 and 6 months after LVAD implantation, with participation ending after the 6-month visit or heart transplantation, whichever occurred first. Changes in body composition were evaluated using mixed effects linear regression models. RESULTS The cohort was 87% male, with mean age 56±12 (SD) years, and mean body mass index 26.4±5.4 kg/m2. Per sarcopenia ALM criteria, 52% of participants had muscle wasting at baseline. At baseline, mean fat free mass and ALM were 56.4±11.7 and 21.0±5.3 kg, respectively. Both measures increased significantly (P<0.001) over 6 months of LVAD support: mean fat free mass change at 3 and 6 months: 2.3 kg (95% CI, 1.0-3.5) and 4.2 kg (95% CI, 2.2-6.1); mean ALM change at 3 and 6 months: 1.5 kg (95% CI, 0.7-2.3) and 2.3 kg (95% CI, 0.9-3.6). CONCLUSIONS Among LVAD recipients with advanced systolic heart failure and high baseline prevalence of muscle wasting, there were significant gains in skeletal muscle mass, as represented by dual X-ray absorptiometry fat free mass and ALM, over the first 6 months of LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Vest
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.W.W.)
| | - Joronia Chery
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.C., A.C.)
| | - Alex Coston
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.C., A.C.)
| | - Laura Telfer
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Didjana Celkupa
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Michael S Kiernan
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Gregory Couper
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Masashi Kawabori
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (A.R.V., L.T., M.L., D.C., M.S.K., G.C., M.K.)
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA (E.S.)
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15
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Young E, Jones E, Thomas M, Lawrence M, Andrews J. Poor engagement and adherence predict neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Intern Med J 2022; 53:731-737. [PMID: 35353446 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenocarcinoma is an important and preventable complication of inflammatory bowel disease. A previous case series suggested mental health issues and poor engagement in care as novel risk factors. AIMS We sought to confirm the role of patient engagement in care in the development of neoplasia using a case-control methodology. METHODS Patients in a single referral centre from 2007 to 2017 with colorectal adenocarcinoma, high-grade dysplasia or multifocal low-grade dysplasia were included as neoplasia cases. Each case was assigned up to three matched controls (matched for age, gender, underlying disease, inflammatory bowel disease type & phenotype and disease duration). Novel and known risk factors were compared between groups. RESULTS Thirty-two cases with 88 matched controls were included. Patients with neoplasia were more likely to have poor adherence to, or engagement with care (OR 4.79). They were also more likely to have chronic use of opioids (3.86) and long-term prednisolone (OR 2.97). Of note, no difference was found in measures of socioeconomic disadvantage, reflecting equitable access to healthcare in the public institution where the care was studied. As previously shown, patients with neoplasia had multiple markers of increased cumulative burden of inflammation, including more IBD-related hospital admissions, elevated inflammatory markers and severe inflammation at colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms poor adherence or engagement with care as a new risk factor for colorectal adenocarcinoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; identifying a vulnerable group whom clinicians should endeavour to engage in order to avoid this catastrophic complication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Young
- Royal Adelaide Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology IBD Service.,University of Adelaide
| | - Esther Jones
- Royal Adelaide Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology IBD Service.,University of Adelaide
| | | | | | - Jane Andrews
- Royal Adelaide Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology IBD Service.,University of Adelaide
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16
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Dhakal B, Li CMY, Li R, Yeo K, Wright JA, Gieniec KA, Vrbanac L, Sammour T, Lawrence M, Thomas M, Lewis M, Perry J, Worthley DL, Woods SL, Drew P, Sallustio BC, Smith E, Horowitz JD, Maddern GJ, Licari G, Fenix K. The Antianginal Drug Perhexiline Displays Cytotoxicity against Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro: A Potential for Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041043. [PMID: 35205791 PMCID: PMC8869789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Perhexiline, a prophylactic anti-anginal drug, has been reported to have anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. Perhexiline as used clinically is a 50:50 racemic mixture ((R)-P) of (-) and (+) enantiomers. It is not known if the enantiomers differ in terms of their effects on cancer. In this study, we examined the cytotoxic capacity of perhexiline and its enantiomers ((-)-P and (+)-P) on CRC cell lines, grown as monolayers or spheroids, and patient-derived organoids. Treatment of CRC cell lines with (R)-P, (-)-P or (+)-P reduced cell viability, with IC50 values of ~4 µM. Treatment was associated with an increase in annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activation, indicating apoptosis induction. Caspase 3/7 activation and loss of structural integrity were also observed in CRC cell lines grown as spheroids. Drug treatment at clinically relevant concentrations significantly reduced the viability of patient-derived CRC organoids. Given these in vitro findings, perhexiline, as a racemic mixture or its enantiomers, warrants further investigation as a repurposed drug for use in the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Celine Man Ying Li
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Runhao Li
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Kenny Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Josephine A. Wright
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Krystyna A. Gieniec
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Laura Vrbanac
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tarik Sammour
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Michelle Thomas
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Mark Lewis
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanne Perry
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Daniel L. Worthley
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Susan L. Woods
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul Drew
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Benedetta C. Sallustio
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - John D. Horowitz
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Guy J. Maddern
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Giovanni Licari
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (K.F.)
| | - Kevin Fenix
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (K.F.)
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17
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Lawrence M, Karia R, George K. 1395 The Influence of Shortened Antimicrobial Courses in Surgical Management of Mid 1/3rd Facial Fractures. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing issue posing a grave threat to global public health. A prospective pilot study within our OMFS unit investigated the effects a shortened course of perioperative antimicrobial cover had on infective post-operative complications in patients who had surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures.
Method
As per the World Health Organisation (WHO) global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, with our microbiology team we developed and implemented a shortened antimicrobial protocol for use in the surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures. Following protocol implementation, the records of 55 patients who underwent surgery for their mid 1/3 facial fractures between May 2019 and May 2020 were reviewed.
Results
Of 55 patients who underwent surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures 28/55 (50.9%) were prescribed a shortened course of perioperative antimicrobials depending on whether an intra or extra oral surgical approach was used, whilst 27/55 (49.1%) were prescribed a longer course of antimicrobials. Of those given a shortened course of antimicrobials 1/28 (3.6%) experienced infective post-operative complications. Conversely 4/27 (14.8%) of those given a longer course of antibiotics experienced infective post-operative complications.
Conclusions
This data supports growing evidence that shorter courses of antimicrobials are appropriate in the surgical management of facial fractures. As OMFS surgeons we can utilise evidence-based medicine to provide optimal surgical care whilst simultaneously contributing to healthcare professionals’ obligations to tackle the increasing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lawrence
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Karia
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K George
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Davies A, McKay P, Osborne W, Stanton L, Tansley‐Hancock O, Lawrence M, Mercer K, Allen A, Pottinger B, Zhelyazkova A, Miall F, Rafferty J, Sale B, Cucco F, Nunn L, Coleman A, Griffiths G, Du MQ, Burton C, Barrons S, Johnson P. 9P GAIN PREDICTS OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY (R/R) DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA (DLBCL) TREATED WITH R‐GEMOX +/‐ ATEZOLIZUMAB. ARGO: A RANDOMISED PHASE II STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.11_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Davies
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - P McKay
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Department of Haematology Glasgow UK
| | - W Osborne
- Freeman Hospital The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Haematology Newcastle UK
| | - L Stanton
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - O Tansley‐Hancock
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - M Lawrence
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - K Mercer
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - A Allen
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - B Pottinger
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Haematology Truro UK
| | - A Zhelyazkova
- The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Haematology Manchester UK
| | - F Miall
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Department of Haematology Leicester UK
| | - J Rafferty
- Patient Representative, c/o CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - B Sale
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - F Cucco
- University of Cambridge Department of Pathology Cambridge UK
| | - L Nunn
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - A Coleman
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - G Griffiths
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - M. Q Du
- University of Cambridge Department of Pathology Cambridge UK
| | - C Burton
- Leeds Cancer Centre Haematological Malignancies Diagnostic Service Leeds UK
| | - S Barrons
- Leeds Cancer Centre Haematological Malignancies Diagnostic Service Leeds UK
| | - P Johnson
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
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19
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Jacobson PB, Goody R, Lawrence M, Mueller BK, Zhang X, Hooker BA, Pfleeger K, Ziemann A, Locke C, Barraud Q, Droescher M, Bernhard J, Popp A, Boeser P, Huang L, Mollon J, Mordashova Y, Cui YF, Savaryn JP, Grinnell C, Dreher I, Gold M, Courtine G, Mothe A, Tator CH, Guest JD. Elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody, promotes neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neurorecovery following a thoracic hemicompression spinal cord injury in non-human primates. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105385. [PMID: 33991647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition characterized by loss of function, secondary to damaged spinal neurons, disrupted axonal connections, and myelin loss. Spontaneous recovery is limited, and there are no approved pharmaceutical treatments to reduce ongoing damage or promote repair. Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is upregulated following injury to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is believed to induce neuronal apoptosis and inhibit axonal growth and remyelination. We evaluated elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody, in a novel, newly characterized non-human primate (NHP) hemicompression model of thoracic SCI. Systemic intravenous (IV) administration of elezanumab over 6 months was well tolerated and associated with significant improvements in locomotor function. Treatment of animals for 16 weeks with a continuous intrathecal infusion of elezanumab below the lesion was not efficacious. IV elezanumab improved microstructural integrity of extralesional tissue as reflected by higher fractional anisotropy and magnetization transfer ratios in treated vs. untreated animals. IV elezanumab also reduced SCI-induced increases in soluble RGMa in cerebrospinal fluid, and membrane bound RGMa rostral and caudal to the lesion. Anterograde tracing of the corticospinal tract (CST) from the contralesional motor cortex following 20 weeks of IV elezanumab revealed a significant increase in the density of CST fibers emerging from the ipsilesional CST into the medial/ventral gray matter. There was a significant sprouting of serotonergic (5-HT) fibers rostral to the injury and in the ventral horn of lower thoracic regions. These data demonstrate that 6 months of intermittent IV administration of elezanumab, beginning within 24 h after a thoracic SCI, promotes neuroprotection and neuroplasticity of key descending pathways involved in locomotion. These findings emphasize the mechanisms leading to improved recovery of neuromotor functions with elezanumab in acute SCI in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer B Jacobson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - Robin Goody
- Virscio, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Bernhard K Mueller
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Bradley A Hooker
- Department of Translational Sciences, Imaging Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Pfleeger
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Adam Ziemann
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Charles Locke
- Department of Biometrics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies, (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Droescher
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Joerg Bernhard
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Popp
- Department of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Preethne Boeser
- Department of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lili Huang
- AbbVie Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Mollon
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Yulia Mordashova
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Yi-Fang Cui
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - John P Savaryn
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Christine Grinnell
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Ingeborg Dreher
- Department of Bioanalytics, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Gold
- Department of Neuroscience Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies, (NeuroRestore), CHUV/UNIL/EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mothe
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles H Tator
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James D Guest
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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20
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Pillai S, Davies G, Lawrence M, Whitley J, Stephens J, Williams PR, Morris K, Evans PA. The effect of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and its treatment on clot microstructure: Are they thrombogenic? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 77:183-194. [PMID: 32925001 DOI: 10.3233/ch-200957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency with a high mortality rate and is associated with severe metabolic acidosis and dehydration. DKA patients have an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolism, however little is known about this metabolic derangement in the first 24 hours of admission and to assess its effect on coagulation. We therefore utilised a novel functional marker of clot microstructure (fractal dimension - df) to assess these changes within the first 24 hours. METHODS Prospective single centre observational study to demonstrate whether the tendency of blood clot formation differs in DKA patients. RESULTS 15 DKA patients and 15 healthy matched controls were recruited. Mean df in the healthy control group was 1.74±0.03. An elevated df of 1.78±0.07 was observed in patients with DKA on admission. The mean pH on admission was 7.14±0.13 and the lactate was 3.6±2.0. df changed significantly in response to standard treatment and was significantly reduced to 1.68±0.09 (2-6& h) and to 1.66±0.08 at 24& h (p < 0.01 One-way ANOVA). df also correlated significantly with lactate and pH (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.479 and -0.675 respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DKA patients at presentation have a densely organising less permeable thrombogenic clot microstructure as evidenced by high df. These structural changes are due to a combination of dehydration and a profound metabolic acidosis, which was reversed with treatment. These changes were not mirrored in standard clinical markers of thromboge-nicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Emergency Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Gareth Davies
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Emergency Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Emergency Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Janet Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Emergency Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeffrey Stephens
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Phillip Adrian Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Emergency Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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21
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Evans VJ, Lawrence M, Whitley J, Johns C, Pillai S, Hawkins K, Power K, Morris K, Williams R, Evans PA. The treatment effect of rivaroxaban on clot characteristics in patients who present acutely with first time deep vein thrombosis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 80:139-151. [PMID: 33682699 DOI: 10.3233/ch-201030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute vascular disease deep vein thrombosis (DVT) requires oral anticoagulants to prevent progression. Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), including rivaroxaban, is problematic as no reliable test is available. Advances in rheometry have led to the development of a functional coagulation biomarker using Gel Point (GP) analysis which assesses clot structure formation. The biomarker measures incipient clot formation time (TGP) and quantifies fibrin clot structure in terms of fractal dimension (df). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate clot structure formation in first time DVT and the effect of rivaroxaban treatment. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study measured the GP and standard laboratory markers at three sample points: pre-treatment and at 20 and 60 days following 15 mg BD and 20 mg OD rivaroxaban respectively. RESULTS Forty DVT patients (mean age 64 years [SD±14.8]; 23 males, 17 female) were recruited. The results show that DVT vs non-DVT patients did not have a significantly different GP profile (df: 1.72±0.06 vs 1.70±0.06 and TGP: 267±68 sec vs 262±73 sec) with both within the defined healthy index. In addition, rivaroxaban therapy increased TGP to 392 s (±135 s) after 20 days, and subsequently increased to 395 s (±194 s) at 60 days but did not significantly increase df (from 1.69±0.05 to 1.71±0.06). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate in this cohort of DVT patients there was no underlying hypercoagulable effect as determined by gel point analysis. Furthermore, the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban prolonged clotting, suggesting a protective effect against clot formation, without significantly reducing clot microstructural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - C Johns
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - K Power
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - K Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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22
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Lawrence M, Polukis S, Barnard AM, Miller MA, Kung L, Gressley TF. Evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii on performance and rumen and fecal measures in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4119-4133. [PMID: 33612206 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the effect of supplementation with a bacterial direct-fed microbial on performance and apparent total-tract nutrient digestion of dairy cows. In experiment 1, 30 multiparous cows (75 ± 32 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments fed for 10 wk. All cows were fed a diet containing 23.8% starch. Treatments were top dressed to rations twice daily and consisted of a combination of Lactobacillus animalis (1 × 109 cfu/d) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (2 × 109 cfu/d; LAPF) or carrier alone (CON). In experiment 2, 6 ruminally cannulated cows (123 ± 129 d in milk) were randomly assigned to a crossover design with two 6-wk periods. Cows received the same CON or LAPF treatment as in experiment 1. Cows were fed the same 23.8% starch diet as experiment 1 during wk 1 through 5 of each period, and then cows were abruptly switched to a 31.1% starch diet for wk 6. For both experiments, intake and milk yield were measured daily, and milk samples were collected weekly. In experiment 1, fecal grab samples were collected every 6 h on d 7 of experimental wk 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Fecal consistency was scored, and fecal starch was measured in daily composite samples. Fecal composites from a subset of 7 cows per treatment were used to measure apparent total-tract nutrient digestion. In experiment 2, rumen pH was continuously recorded during wk 5 and 6. On d 7 of wk 5 (the final day of feeding the 23.8% starch ration), d 1 of wk 6 (the day of diet transition), and d 7 of wk 6 (the final day of feeding the 31.1% starch ration), rumen in situ digestion was determined. Samples of rumen fluid and feces were collected every 6 h on those days for measurement of fecal starch (composited by cow within day), rumen volatile fatty acids, and fecal pH. Rumen and fecal samples were collected at one time point on those days for microbiota assessment. In experiment 1, treatment did not affect intake, milk yield, milk composition, or fecal score. The LAPF treatment decreased fecal starch percentage and tended to increase starch digestion compared with CON, but the differences were very small (0.59 vs. 0.78% and 98.74 vs. 98.46%, respectively). Digestion of other nutrients was unaffected. In experiment 2, LAPF increased rumen pH following the abrupt switch to the high-starch diet, but milk yield was lower for LAPF compared with CON (35.7 vs. 33.2 kg/d). Contrary to the decrease in fecal starch with LAPF observed in experiment 1, fecal starch tended to be increased by LAPF following the abrupt ration change in experiment 2 (2.97 vs. 2.15%). Few effects of treatment on rumen and fecal microbial populations were detectable. Under the conditions used in our experiments, addition of the bacterial direct-fed microbials did not have a marked effect on animal performance, ruminal measures, or total-tract nutrient digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - S Polukis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - A M Barnard
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - M A Miller
- Phaseolus Consulting, Wyndmoor, PA 19308
| | - L Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - T F Gressley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
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23
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Knoedler A, Lawrence M. M254 IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND CHARGE SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Biswas L, Lawrence M, Heinan K, Koroulakis D, Berry D. M240 PROGRESSIVE GAIT INSTABILITY AND INTRACRANIAL LESIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY IN STAT1 GOF MUTATION. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Woodward DF, Wang JW, Spada CS, Carling RW, Martos JL, Pettit S, Kangasmetsa J, Waterbury LD, Lawrence M, Hu W, Poloso NJ. A Second Generation Prostanoid Receptor Antagonist Acting at Multiple Receptor Subtypes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1199-1210. [PMID: 33344897 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been reported that a prototypical compound (AGN 211377), which blocks pro-inflammatory prostanoid receptors (DP1, DP2, EP1, EP4, FP, TP) and leaves open IP and EP2 receptors so that their anti-inflammatory properties could be exerted, produced superior inhibitory effects on cytokine release from human macrophages compared to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. This favorable activity profile translated into animal studies, with AGN 211377 exceeding the level of inhibition afforded by COX inhibition. AGN 211377 was not, however, a practical drug candidate, having poor bioavailability and cost of goods concerns. Compound 1 (designated AGN 225660) represents a second-generation compound with an entirely different "druggable" core structure. Such a dramatic change in chemical scaffold created uncertainty with respect to matching the effects of AGN 211377. AGN 225660 inhibited RANTES, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion by at least 50%, from TNFα activated human macrophages. Although AGN 225660 reduced TNFα-evoked MCP-1 release from human monocyte-derived macrophages, it increased LPS-induced MCP-1 secretion (up to 2-fold) from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. However, AGN 225660 inhibited the release of IL12p 70 and IL-23 from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated by LPS by more than 70%. This effect of AGN 225660 was reproduced in part by the prototype compound AGN 211377 and a combination of selective DP1, EP1, EP4, FP, and TP antagonists. These findings suggest important effects on T cell skewing and disease modification by this class of therapeutic agents. AGN 225660 exhibited good ocular bioavailability and was active in reducing ocular inflammation associated with phacoemulsification surgery, LPS, and arachidonic acid induced uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Woodward
- Research and External Scientific Innovation, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Jenny W Wang
- Research and External Scientific Innovation, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Clayton S Spada
- Research and External Scientific Innovation, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | | | - Jose L Martos
- Discovery Department, Selcia Ltd., Ongar, Essex, CM5 0GS, U.K
| | - Simon Pettit
- Discovery Department, Selcia Ltd., Ongar, Essex, CM5 0GS, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Wenzheng Hu
- RxGen Inc., Hamden, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Neil J Poloso
- Research and External Scientific Innovation, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612, United States
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26
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Telfer L, Chery J, Lawrence M, Haynes A, Vest AR. Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Ultrasound For The Assessment of Body Composition In Healthy Controls And Patients With Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Bedrikovetski S, Liu J, Dudi-Venkata NN, Kroon HM, Lewis M, Lawrence M, Andrews JM, Sammour T. Rectal Stump Management After Subtotal Colectomy for Severe Colitis, In or Out? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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28
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Patel C, Goody R, Hu W, Kurian A, James D, Torres R, Christie LA, Hohman T, Lawrence M. Primate model of chronic retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. Exp Eye Res 2020; 195:108031. [PMID: 32275921 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize and develop a primate model of chronic retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage that can be employed to assess efficacy of experimental therapeutics targeting retinal ischemic and neovascular diseases. African green monkeys received bilateral intravitreal (IVT) injection of DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid (DLAAA; 5 mg) following ophthalmic examination, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Imaging was repeated to evaluate progression and subsequent stabilization of retinal vascular pathology elicited by DLAAA. Aflibercept (Eylea) was administered IVT (1.4 mg) to assess effects on vascular leakage. Ocular tissue was collected for histopathology and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), CD105/endoglin, VEGF and CD68 immunohistochemistry to study retinal degeneration and vascular remodeling. IVT DLAAA administration resulted in telangiectatic vessel formation as early as two-weeks post-injection, followed by retinal vascular leakage and inner retinal edema. Neovascular lesion progression was evident up to 8-10 weeks post-injection before stabilizing into a vascular leakage state that persisted beyond 90 weeks. Histopathology and immunostaining revealed retinal degeneration and neovascularization, increased expression of vWF, CD105/endoglin, VEGF and CD68 immunoreactivities in addition to Müller cell loss. Aflibercept significantly attenuated vascular leakage for 2-4 weeks before progressive return of leakage from weeks 4-8. Lesions remained responsive to anti-VEGF administration at 90 weeks after DLAAA injection. Findings support application of the primate DLAAA-induced retinal vascular leakage model for efficacy evaluations of candidate therapeutics and sustained release strategies targeting exudative AMD, diabetic retinopathy, macular telangiectasia and other retinal ischemic and neovascular diseases. Findings confirm relevance of the DLAAA primate phenotype to understanding shared retinal vascular disease mechanisms and macular susceptibility to vascular and metabolic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Patel
- Virscio, Inc., 4 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Robin Goody
- Virscio, Inc., 4 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Wenzheng Hu
- Virscio, Inc., 4 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Anish Kurian
- Virscio, Inc., 4 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Richard Torres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lori-Ann Christie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan plc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Thomas Hohman
- Envision Consulting, LLC, 2009 Glenwood Dr, Ocean City, NJ 08226, USA
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29
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Marsden NJ, Lawrence M, Davies N, Davies G, Morris K, Williams PR, Whitaker IS, Evans PA. The effect of the acute inflammatory response of burns and its treatment on clot characteristics and quality: A prospective case controlled study. Burns 2019; 46:1051-1059. [PMID: 31866177 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burns are known to have an effect on coagulation in the early period after burn. Current coagulation tests have been criticised in acute burns due to their inherent limitations. This study aims to investigate the potential for a new quantitative functional biomarker of clot quality, fractal dimension, to identify changes in clot microstructure as a result of the burn inflammatory response and its treatment. METHODS A total of fifty-eight burn patients were included in this prospective case-controlled study. The control group (29 patients mean TBSA 1%), and case group (29 patients mean TBSA 30%) were compared at baseline and the case group investigated further over four time points (baseline, 12h, 24h and 5-7 days). Fractal analysis was performed, as well as current markers of coagulation, inflammatory markers and point-of-care tests, Thromboelastography and Multiplate analysis. RESULTS Fractal dimension did not differ between groups at admission (1.73±0.06 and 1.72±0.1), and fell within the healthy index normal range (1.74±0.7), suggesting a normal clot microstructure in the early period after burn. Fractal dimension significantly reduced from baseline over the first 24h following injury (1.59±0.03 p<0.005), indicating a significant reduction in mechanical clot strength and functionality consistent with a hypocoagulable state, not identified with other markers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to quantify the changes in clot microstructure following burn injury. This study confirms clot microstructure is significantly altered during the first 24h after burn, with the production of a weaker, more porous fibrin clot, consistent with a hypocoagulable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Marsden
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - M Lawrence
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - N Davies
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - G Davies
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - K Morris
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P R Williams
- School of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - I S Whitaker
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
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30
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Booth J, Aucott L, Cotton S, Goodman C, Hagen S, Harari D, Lawrence M, Lowndes A, Macaulay L, MacLennan G, Mason H, McClurg D, Norrie J, Norton C, O’Dolan C, Skelton DA, Surr C, Treweek S. ELECtric Tibial nerve stimulation to Reduce Incontinence in Care homes: protocol for the ELECTRIC randomised trial. Trials 2019; 20:723. [PMID: 31843002 PMCID: PMC6915984 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in nursing and residential care homes (CHs) and profoundly impacts on residents' dignity and quality of life. CHs predominantly use absorbent pads to contain UI rather than actively treat the condition. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) is a non-invasive, safe and low-cost intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for reducing UI in adults. However, the effectiveness of TPTNS to treat UI in older adults living in CHs is not known. The ELECTRIC trial aims to establish if a programme of TPTNS is a clinically effective treatment for UI in CH residents and investigate the associated costs and consequences. METHODS This is a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel-group trial comparing the effectiveness of TPTNS (target n = 250) with sham stimulation (target n = 250) in reducing volume of UI in CH residents. CH residents (men and women) with self- or staff-reported UI of more than once per week are eligible to take part, including those with cognitive impairment. Outcomes will be measured at 6, 12 and 18 weeks post randomisation using the following measures: 24-h Pad Weight Tests, post void residual urine (bladder scans), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition, Minnesota Toileting Skills Questionnaire and Dementia Quality of Life. Economic evaluation based on a bespoke Resource Use Questionnaire will assess the costs of providing a programme of TPTNS. A concurrent process evaluation will investigate fidelity to the intervention and influencing factors, and qualitative interviews will explore the experiences of TPTNS from the perspective of CH residents, family members, CH staff and managers. DISCUSSION TPTNS is a non-invasive intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing UI in adults. The ELECTRIC trial will involve CH staff delivering TPTNS to residents and establish whether TPTNS is more effective than sham stimulation for reducing the volume of UI in CH residents. Should TPTNS be shown to be an effective and acceptable treatment for UI in older adults in CHs, it will provide a safe, low-cost and dignified alternative to the current standard approach of containment and medication. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03248362. Registered on 14 August 2017. ISRCTN, ISRCTN98415244. Registered on 25 April 2018. https://www.isrctn.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Booth
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - L. Aucott
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S. Cotton
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C. Goodman
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - S. Hagen
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. Harari
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Lawrence
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - A. Lowndes
- Playlist for Life, Unit 1/14, Govanhill Workspace, Glasgow,, UK
| | - L. Macaulay
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - G. MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H. Mason
- Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. McClurg
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Norrie
- Usher Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C. O’Dolan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - D. A. Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - C. Surr
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - S. Treweek
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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31
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Young E, Lawrence M, Thomas M, Andrews J. Gastrointestinal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Opportunities to enhance preventative strategies. JGH Open 2019; 3:513-517. [PMID: 31832552 PMCID: PMC6891013 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinoma, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), is a devastating complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to examine the role of chronic inflammation and other possible predictors of the development of CRC, as well as assess as yet unexamined factors such as psychological comorbidity and engagement in care. Methods This study included all patients involved in a tertiary hospital IBD service diagnosed with CRC between 2007 and 2017. Reports from histological specimens were assessed, and all those with adenocarcinoma, high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), or multifocal low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) originating within IBD‐affected mucosa were included in the study. Results A total of 32 patients were included in the study (17 with adenocarcinoma and 15 with HGD/multifocal LGD). The majority had a duration of disease >20 years. Eleven patients (34%, CI 20–52%) had previous disease‐related surgery, and 16 (50%, CI 34–66%) had multiple previous disease‐related admissions. Thirteen patients (62%, CI 41–79%) had >50% of CRP results higher than 8 mg/L. Psychiatric comorbidities were common, with 19 patients (59%, CI 42–74%) having a psychiatric comorbidity or poor engagement in treatment. Conclusion In this cohort, we have highlighted poor engagement, hesitation to up‐titrate therapy when indicated, and psychological comorbidities as likely contributors to poor disease control and development of GI adenocarcinoma. Based on our data, these easily identifiable clinical care factors should not be overlooked when addressing IBD‐related GI malignancy prevention. Additional research is required to assess a direct causal relationship, but this study would support the incorporation of psychology services into IBD clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Young
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, IBD Service Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Colorectal Surgery Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michelle Thomas
- Colorectal Surgery Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Jane Andrews
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, IBD Service Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia.,University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Mahu I, Conrod P, Barrett S, Sako A, Swansburg J, Lawrence M, Laroque F, Morin J, Chinneck A, Nogueira-Arjona R, Stewart S. Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106056. [PMID: 31351326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mainstay treatment for opioid addiction in North America is methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) - a form of opiate agonist therapy (OAT). While efficacious for treating opioid addiction, MMT fails to address the concurrent polysubstance use that is common among opioid dependent clients. Moreover, psychosocial approaches for addressing polysubstance use during MMT are lacking. Our study's goals were to validate the use of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability in MMT clients, and to demonstrate theoretically-relevant relationships of personality to concurrent substance use while receiving MMT. METHOD Respondents included 138 daily-witnessed MMT clients (65.9% male, 79.7% Caucasian), mean age (SD) 40.18 (11.56), recruited across four Canadian MMT clinics. Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the structural validity of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability (operationalized with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale [SURPS]) in MMT clients. SURPS personality scores were then used as predictors for specific forms of recent (past 30-day) substance use. RESULTS Using a latent hierarchal model, hopelessness was associated with recent opioid use; anxiety sensitivity with recent tranquilizer use; and sensation seeking with recent alcohol, cannabis, and stimulant use. CONCLUSION Personality is associated with substance use patterns and may be an appropriate target for intervention for those undergoing MMT to reduce opioid use, and potentially dangerous concurrent use of other drugs, while receiving methadone.
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Eschenbacher W, Phillips E, Williams E, Lawrence M. M261 ICF1 SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH BACTEREMIA, MENINGITIS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mullins B, Mazur L, Amos A, Schreiber E, Marks L, Chen R, Shen C, Lawrence M, Dance M, Chera B. Common Error Pathways in Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Grant KMK, Reid F, Crouch G, Lawrence M. Colo-pleural fistula: a rare complication of bariatric surgery. ANZ J Surg 2019; 90:905-907. [PMID: 31452300 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M K Grant
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Reid
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Crouch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Bedrikovetski S, Dudi-Venkata N, Kroon HM, Liu J, Andrews JM, Lewis M, Lawrence M, Sammour T. Systematic review of rectal stump management during and after emergency total colectomy for acute severe ulcerative colitis. ANZ J Surg 2019; 89:1556-1560. [PMID: 30919553 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus about the optimal management of the rectal stump after an emergency subtotal colectomy in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). The aim was to perform a systematic review of the published literature on the surgical and medical management of the rectal stump after an emergency (sub) total colectomy in patients with ASUC. METHODS The following databases were searched, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and OVID SP, from January 1993 to March 2018. Studies that reported post-operative outcomes after surgical and/or medical management of the rectal stump after emergency (sub) total colectomy in adults with ASUC were included. Two independent assessors reviewed eligible articles. RESULTS A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. All were case series and included 476 patients. Regarding surgical management, five studies reported on closed subcutaneous placement of the rectal stump, seven on intraperitoneal placement and two on the formation of a formal mucous fistula. The lowest reported pelvic sepsis rate was in patients with subcutaneous closure of the rectal stump (n = 144, 2%) and lowest wound infection rate was reported after intraperitoneal closure (n = 268, 7.8%). The highest rate of mortality was reported after intraperitoneal placement of the rectal stump (n = 268, 1.5%). There were insufficient data reported on medical management for any comparison. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous placement of the rectal stump was associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality rate, although data are of limited quality and insufficient to guide practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Bedrikovetski
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nagendra Dudi-Venkata
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hidde M Kroon
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jianliang Liu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane M Andrews
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,IBD Service, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Lewis
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarik Sammour
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Gwynne K, Gwynn J, Finlayson H, Hamilton S, Lawrence M, MacNiven R, Neubeck L, Rambaldini B, Rodrigues R, Taylor K, Thompson S, Freedman B. Atrial Fibrillation and Indigenous Australians: A Way Forward for Timely and Effective Screening and Treatment. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Williamson L, Yudkin P, Livingstone R, Prasad K, Fuller A, Lawrence M. Hay Fever Treatment in General Practice: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Standardised Western Acupuncture with Sham Acupuncture. Acupunct Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/aim.14.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The effect of standardised, Western acupuncture on hay fever symptoms was investigated in a randomised, controlled, single-blind trial in comparison with “sham” acupuncture. Three general practices, in Oxfordshire (rural), Lincolnshire (semi-rural), and Peterborough (urban), recruited 102 patients aged 16 or over with long-standing, moderate or severe hay fever symptoms that had required continuous therapy for at least one month of the year for three or more consecutive years. The patients were asked to keep a diary to record: the amount of medication used daily; a daily symptom score (using a ten-point scale), from which was derived a weekly remission of symptoms score; and their assessment of the effect of acupuncture on the hay fever symptoms. Symptom scores and use of medication were similar in the two groups. In the four-week period following each patient's first treatment, remission of symptoms was reported by 39.0% in the active treatment group and 45.2% in the sham group; mean weekly symptom scores were 18.4 and 17.6 respectively; and mean units of medication used were 4.1 and 5.0 respectively. Sixteen out of 43 patients in the active treatment group and 14 out of 43 in the sham group felt that the acupuncture had had an excellent or very good effect on their hay fever. The treatments were simple, safe, reproducible and perceived as equally effective. Whether this represented an acupuncture effect, a placebo effect, or natural variation in a fluctuating condition, is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Yudkin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
| | | | - K Prasad
- Westwood Clinic, Wichen Way, Peterborough
| | - A Fuller
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
| | - M Lawrence
- University Lecturer in General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
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Grishanin R, Vuillemenot B, Sharma P, Keravala A, Greengard J, Gelfman C, Blumenkrantz M, Lawrence M, Hu W, Kiss S, Gasmi M. Preclinical Evaluation of ADVM-022, a Novel Gene Therapy Approach to Treating Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Mol Ther 2018; 27:118-129. [PMID: 30528929 PMCID: PMC6319194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, a key contributor to the choroidal neovascularization associated with wet age-related macular degeneration, is the mode of action of several approved therapies, including aflibercept, which requires frequent intravitreal injections to provide clinical benefit. Lack of compliance with the dosing schedule may result in recurrence of active wet macular degeneration, leading to irreversible vision impairment. Gene therapy providing sustained anti-vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the retina following a single injection could drastically reduce the treatment burden and improve visual outcomes. ADVM-022, an adeno-associated virus vector encoding aflibercept, is optimized for intravitreal delivery and strong protein expression. Here, we report the long-term expression and efficacy of ADVM-022-derived aflibercept in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model in non-human primates. Intravitreal administration of ADVM-022 was well tolerated and resulted in sustained aflibercept levels. In addition, ADVM-022 administration 13 months before lasering prevented the occurrence of clinically relevant choroidal neovascularization lesions, similar to animals that received a bolus of intravitreal aflibercept (standard of care) at the time of lesioning. These results demonstrate that a single intravitreal administration of ADVM-022 may provide a safe and effective long-term treatment option for wet macular degeneration and may ultimately improve patients’ visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Szilárd Kiss
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Gasmi
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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Liddie S, Okamoto H, Gromada J, Lawrence M. Characterization of glucose-stimulated insulin release protocols in african green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). J Med Primatol 2018; 48:10-21. [PMID: 30357856 PMCID: PMC6587791 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Management of diabetes remains a major health and economic challenge, demanding test systems in which to develop new therapies. These studies assessed different methodologies for determining glucose tolerance in green monkeys. Methods Twenty‐eight African green monkeys between 4 and 24 years old underwent single or repeat intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and/or graded glucose infusion testing. Results Geriatric monkeys exhibited glucose intolerance with impaired glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion following IVGTT. Repeat IVGTT and OGTT assessments were inconsistent. Monkeys with low glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion after graded glucose infusion exhibited elevated blood glucose levels. Conclusion IVGTT and graded glucose infusion protocols revealed differences in glucose tolerance among green monkeys at single time points, including age‐dependent differences suggestive of shifts in pancreatic beta‐cell functional capacity, but care should be applied to study design and the interpretation of data in the setting of longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Liddie
- RxGen Inc., New Haven, Connecticut.,St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Basseterre, St. Kitts W.I
| | | | | | - Matthew Lawrence
- RxGen Inc., New Haven, Connecticut.,St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Basseterre, St. Kitts W.I
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Eley VA, Chin A, Sekar R, Donovan T, Krepska A, Lawrence M, Bell S, Ralfe K, McGrath S, Webb L, Robinson A, van Zundert A, Marquart L. Increasing body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness are associated with increased skin-to-epidural space distance in pregnant women. Int J Obstet Anesth 2018; 38:59-65. [PMID: 30477996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index does not indicate the distribution of adipose tissue. Central adiposity may be measured using ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness. This study determined if the abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance at delivery, and compared this with the booking body mass index. METHODS We analysed a sub-set of participants from a single-centre, prospective cohort study that assessed the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and maternity outcomes. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were obtained during the routine fetal anomaly scan. The skin-to-epidural space distance was obtained in those having epidural or combined spinal-epidural analgesia. Linear regression was used to test for strength of association and adjusted R2 values calculated to determine if subcutaneous fat thickness or body mass index was more strongly associated with skin-to-epidural space distance. RESULTS The 463 women had a median (IQR) booking body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 (21.8-29.3) and subcutaneous fat thickness of 16.2 mm (13.0-21.0). The median (IQR) skin-to-epidural space distance was 5.0 cm (4.5-6.0). Both parameters significantly correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance (r=0.53 and 0.68 respectively, P <0.001). Adjusted linear regression coefficient (95% CI) for subcutaneous fat thickness was 0.09 (0.08 to 0.11), R2=0.30 and for body mass index 0.12 (0.11 to 0.13), R2=0.47. CONCLUSIONS Booking body mass index had a stronger relationship with skin-to- epidural space distance at delivery than subcutaneous fat thickness, explaining 47% of the variation in the skin-to-epidural distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Eley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Chin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Sekar
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Donovan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Krepska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Lawrence
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Bell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Ralfe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S McGrath
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Webb
- Statistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Robinson
- The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A van Zundert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Marquart
- Statistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Banerjee A, Liddie S, Moddrelle D, Lindeblad M, Chen Y, Lyubimov A, Lawrence M. Cardiac safety pharmacology in the St. Kitts African green monkey. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vest AR, DeNofrio A, Coston A, Sundararajan SK, Lawrence M, Yuen NG, Parsly L, Kiernan MS, DeNofrio D, Couper G, Saltzman E. Impact of Early Weight Changes after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation on Subsequent Survival. J Card Fail 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jiang Y, Lawrence M, Ansell MP, Hussain A. Cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density of hemp shiv. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171945. [PMID: 29765652 PMCID: PMC5936917 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper, for the first time, fully characterizes the intrinsic physical parameters of hemp shiv including cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural features similar to hardwoods. Confocal microscopy revealed three major layers in the cell wall: middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. Computed tomography improved the visualization of pore shape and pore connectivity in three dimensions. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) showed that the average accessible porosity was 76.67 ± 2.03% and pore size classes could be distinguished into micropores (3-10 nm) and macropores (0.1-1 µm and 20-80 µm). The absolute density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, MIP and Archimedes' methods. The results show that these methods can lead to misinterpretation of absolute density. The MIP method showed a realistic absolute density (1.45 g cm-3) consistent with the density of the known constituents, including lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. However, helium pycnometry and Archimedes' methods gave falsely low values owing to 10% of the volume being inaccessible pores, which require sample pretreatment in order to be filled by liquid or gas. This indicates that the determination of the cell wall density is strongly dependent on sample geometry and preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Jiang
- Author for correspondence: Y. Jiang e-mail:
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An V, Chandra R, Lawrence M. Anastomotic Failure in Colorectal Surgery: Where Are We at? Indian J Surg 2018; 80:163-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-018-1745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lawrence M, Fan K. Swallowed partial denture. Br Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Azar JF, Chalah T, Rautureau P, Lawrence M, Hingrat Y. Breeding success and juvenile survival in a reintroduced captive-bred population of Asian houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Scheel D, Godfrey-Smith P, Linquist S, Chancellor S, Hing M, Lawrence M. Octopus engineering, intentional and inadvertent. Commun Integr Biol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5824970 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1395994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously published a description of discovery of a site where octopuses live in an unusually dense collection of individual dens near one another in a bed of scallop shells amid a rock outcrop. We believe the shell bed is an extended midden, accumulated over time by individual octopuses returning to their dens with food. Here we consider what aspects of material collection, den maintenance, and aggregation are intentional for the octopuses, versus inadvertent consequences of individual decisions. Collection of prey items, transport of prey to the den, den excavation, and collection and use of non-prey materials at the den appear to be intentional behaviors. The occurrence of many dens in close aggregation appears to be an inadvertent outcome of the availability of food and the risk of predation in the habitat. Popular media reports have described this site as an ‘city’ designed by octopuses, but that is not an accurate description of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scheel
- Marine & Environmental Sciences, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - P. Godfrey-Smith
- Unit for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, and CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Linquist
- Philosophy, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - S. Chancellor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M. Hing
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Tyrer P, Gordon F, Nourmand S, Lawrence M, Curran C, Southgate D, Oruganti B, Tyler M, Tottle S, North B, Kulinskaya E, Kaleekal JT, Morgan J. Controlled comparison of two crisis resolution and home treatment teams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.108.023077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aims and methodTo compare an existing crisis resolution service with a new crisis resolution team (CRT) in Wales. The impact of the new team was measured by changes in bed days and admissions. A random sample of patients from each service was assessed for service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life after first presentation.ResultsThe total number of bed days was reduced following the introduction of the new CRT (27.3%). The frequency and duration of compulsory admissions increased by 31% in the CRT between the first and second years and by 7% in the control service, offset by a greater reduction in informal admissions in the CRT (23.5%) compared with the control group (13.3%); overall bed usage was unchanged. Service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life showed no important differences between the services.Clinical implicationsCrisis resolution teams may reduce informal admissions in the short term but at the cost of more compulsory admissions later.
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Lawrence M, Mastromonaco G, Goodrowe K, Santymire R, Waddell W, Schulte-Hostedde A. The effects of inbreeding on sperm morphometry of captive-bred endangered mammals. CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Captive breeding is used for the conservation of endangered species, but inbreeding can result when a small number of founders are used to establish populations. Inbreeding can reduce the proportion of normal sperm in an ejaculate, but may also have effects on sperm size and shape (morphometry). We investigated the effects of inbreeding on sperm morphometry of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851)) and red wolves (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) from captive breeding programs to determine if more inbred males produced sperm of poor quality (bulky head, small midpiece, short tail). We measured sperm head length, head width, midpiece length, midpiece width, and tail length on 10 sperm from each male of both species. A negative relationship between variation in sperm tail length and inbreeding coefficient (f) was found in black-footed ferret, suggesting that more inbred individuals will have reduced genetic and phenotypic variation. Analyses indicated a negative relationship between sperm head width and f and a positive relationship between sperm tail length and f in red wolf, suggesting that more inbred male red wolves could have faster sperm. These results indicate that inbreeding affects functionally important aspects of sperm morphometry, but that these effects may not be entirely negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lawrence
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G. Mastromonaco
- Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON M1B 5K7, Canada
| | - K. Goodrowe
- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA
| | - R.M. Santymire
- Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - W. Waddell
- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA
| | - A.I. Schulte-Hostedde
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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