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Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Boivin W, Zhao H, Pawluk MA, Richardson KC, Chandrabalan A, Bird P, Ramachandran R, Sehmi R, Lima H, Gauvreau G, Granville DJ. Granzyme K contributes to endothelial microvascular damage and leakage during skin inflammation. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:279-291. [PMID: 36652225 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granzyme K (GzmK) is a serine protease with minimal presence in healthy tissues while abundant in inflamed tissues. Initially thought to play an exclusive role in immune-mediated cell death, extracellular GzmK can also promote inflammation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of GzmK in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common inflammatory skin disease. METHODS A panel of human AD and control samples was analysed to determine if GzmK is elevated. Next, to determine a pathological role for GzmK in AD-like skin inflammation, oxazolone-induced dermatitis was induced in GzmK-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS In human lesional AD samples, there was an increase in the number of GzmK+ cells compared with healthy controls. GzmK-/- mice exhibited reduced overall disease severity characterized by reductions in scaling, erosions and erythema. Surprisingly, the presence of GzmK did not notably increase the overall pro-inflammatory response or epidermal barrier permeability in WT mice; rather, GzmK impaired angiogenesis, increased microvascular damage and microhaemorrhage. Mechanistically, GzmK contributed to vessel damage through cleavage of syndecan-1, a key structural component of the glycocalyx, which coats the luminal surface of vascular endothelia. CONCLUSIONS GzmK may provide a potential therapeutic target for skin conditions associated with persistent inflammation, vasculitis and pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Phillip Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hermenio Lima
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gail Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Hardie E, Wilhelm AC, Turner CT, Hiroyasu S, Boivin WA, Tian Y, Zhao H, To E, Cui JZ, Xi J, Yoo HS, Uppal M, Granville DJ, Matsubara JA. Granzyme B Contributes to Choroidal Neovascularization and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through Proteolysis of Thrombospondin-1. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100123. [PMID: 36849037 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in the elderly. The pathology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), also known as wet AMD, is associated with an abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye and involves an imbalance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2 are endogenous matricellular proteins that inhibit angiogenesis. TSP-1 is significantly diminished in eyes with AMD, although the mechanisms involved in its reduction are unknown. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease with an increased extracellular activity in the outer retina and choroid of human eyes with nAMD-related choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study investigated whether TSP-1 and TSP-2 are GzmB substrates using in silico and cell-free cleavage assays and explored the relationship between GzmB and TSP-1 in human eyes with nAMD-related CNV and the effect of GzmB on TSP-1 in retinal pigment epithelial culture and an explant choroid sprouting assay (CSA). In this study, TSP-1 and TSP-2 were identified as GzmB substrates. Cell-free cleavage assays substantiated the GzmB proteolysis of TSP-1 and TSP-2 by showing dose-dependent and time-dependent cleavage products. TSP-1 and TSP-2 proteolysis were hindered by the inhibition of GzmB. In the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid of human eyes with CNV, we observed a significant inverse correlation between TSP-1 and GzmB, as indicated by lower TSP-1 and higher GzmB immunoreactivity. In CSA, the vascular sprouting area increased significantly with GzmB treatment and reduced significantly with TSP-1 treatment. Western blot showed significantly reduced expression of TSP-1 in GzmB-treated retinal pigment epithelial cell culture and CSA supernatant compared with that in controls. Together, our findings suggest that the proteolysis of antiangiogenic factors such as TSP-1 by extracellular GzmB might represent a mechanism through which GzmB may contribute to nAMD-related CNV. Future studies are needed to investigate whether pharmacologic inhibition of extracellular GzmB can mitigate nAMD-related CNV by preserving intact TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ella Hardie
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna-Catharina Wilhelm
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy A Boivin
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eleanor To
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jing Z Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeanne Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manjosh Uppal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Dubchak E, Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Granville DJ, Yeung SN, Matsubara JA. Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980742. [PMID: 36204224 PMCID: PMC9531149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related ocular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden worldwide. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are some of the most common age-related diseases of the retina and cornea, respectively. AMD is characterized by a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial monolayer, which maintains retinal homeostasis, leading to retinal degeneration, while FECD is characterized by degeneration of the corneal endothelial monolayer, which maintains corneal hydration status, leading to corneal edema. Both AMD and FECD pathogenesis are characterized by disorganized local extracellular matrix (ECM) and toxic protein deposits, with both processes linked to aberrant protease activity. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease traditionally known for immune-mediated initiation of apoptosis; however, it is now recognized that GrB is expressed by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and aberrant extracellular localization of GrB substantially contributes to various age-related pathologies through dysregulated cleavage of ECM, tight junction, and adherens junction proteins. Despite growing recognition of GrB involvement in multiple age-related pathologies, its role in AMD and FECD remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of, and similarities between AMD and FECD, outlines the current knowledge of the role of GrB in AMD and FECD, as well as hypothesizes putative contributions of GrB to AMD and FECD pathogenesis and highlights the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting GrB as an adjunctive treatment for AMD and FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Dubchak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonia N. Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joanne A. Matsubara,
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Turner CT, Pawluk M, Bolsoni J, Zeglinski MR, Shen Y, Zhao H, Ponomarev T, Richardson KC, West CR, Papp A, Granville DJ. Sulfaphenazole reduces thermal and pressure injury severity through rapid restoration of tissue perfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12622. [PMID: 35871073 PMCID: PMC9308818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers, are regions of localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue. Repeated rounds of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) have a major causative role for tissue damage in pressure injury. Ischemia prevents oxygen/nutrient supply, and restoration of blood flow induces a burst of reactive oxygen species that damages blood vessels, surrounding tissues and can halt blood flow return. Minimizing the consequences of repeated I/R is expected to provide a protective effect against pressure injury. Sulfaphenazole (SP), an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic, is a potent CYP 2C6 and CYP 2C9 inhibitor, functioning to decrease post-ischemic vascular dysfunction and increase blood flow. The therapeutic effect of SP on pressure injury was therefore investigated in apolipoprotein E knockout mice, a model of aging susceptible to ischemic injury, which were subjected to repeated rounds of I/R-induced skin injury. SP reduced overall severity, improved wound closure and increased wound tensile strength compared to vehicle-treated controls. Saliently, SP restored tissue perfusion in and around the wound rapidly to pre-injury levels, decreased tissue hypoxia, and reduced both inflammation and fibrosis. SP also demonstrated bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. The efficacy of SP in reducing thermal injury severity was also demonstrated. SP is therefore a potential therapeutic option for pressure injury and other ischemic skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Turner
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Megan Pawluk
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Juliana Bolsoni
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Yue Shen
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Tatjana Ponomarev
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Katlyn C. Richardson
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Christopher R. West
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Cell and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Anthony Papp
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm 4470, 818 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.417243.70000 0004 0384 4428British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada
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5
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Hu MD, Golovchenko NB, Burns GL, Nair PM, Kelly TJ, Agos J, Irani MZ, Soh WS, Zeglinski MR, Lemenze A, Bonder EM, Sandrock I, Prinz I, Granville DJ, Keely S, Watson AJ, Edelblum KL. γδ Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Facilitate Pathological Epithelial Cell Shedding Via CD103-Mediated Granzyme Release. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:877-889.e7. [PMID: 34861219 PMCID: PMC8881348 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive shedding of apoptotic enterocytes into the intestinal lumen is observed in inflammatory bowel disease and is correlated with disease relapse. Based on their cytolytic capacity and surveillance behavior, we investigated whether intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ IELs) are actively involved in the shedding of enterocytes into the lumen. METHODS Intravital microscopy was performed on GFP γδ T cell reporter mice treated with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) for 90 minutes to induce tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis. Cell shedding in various knockout or transgenic mice in the presence or absence of blocking antibody was quantified by immunostaining for ZO-1 funnels and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3). Granzyme A and granzyme B release from ex vivo-stimulated γδ IELs was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunostaining for γδ T cell receptor and CC3 was performed on duodenal and ileal biopsies from controls and patients with Crohn's disease. RESULTS Intravital microscopy of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice revealed that γδ IELs make extended contact with shedding enterocytes. These prolonged interactions require CD103 engagement by E-cadherin, and CD103 knockout or blockade significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced shedding. Furthermore, we found that granzymes A and B, but not perforin, are required for cell shedding. These extracellular granzymes are released by γδ IELs both constitutively and after CD103/E-cadherin ligation. Moreover, we found that the frequency of γδ IEL localization to CC3-positive enterocytes is increased in Crohn's disease biopsies compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover a previously unrecognized role for γδ IELs in facilitating tumor necrosis factor-mediated shedding of apoptotic enterocytes via CD103-mediated extracellular granzyme release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine D. Hu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Natasha B. Golovchenko
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Grace L. Burns
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Prema M. Nair
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Kelly
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan Agos
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Mudar Zand Irani
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Wai Sinn Soh
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Edward M. Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University – The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J. Granville
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Alastair J.M. Watson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gut Biology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Turner CT, Bolsoni J, Zeglinski MR, Zhao H, Ponomarev T, Richardson K, Hiroyasu S, Schmid E, Papp A, Granville DJ. Granzyme B mediates impaired healing of pressure injuries in aged skin. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33674592 PMCID: PMC7935969 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries (PIs), also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are a major cause of death and morbidity in the elderly. The serine protease, Granzyme B (GzmB), contributes to skin aging and impaired wound healing. Aging is a major risk factor for PIs; thus, the role of GzmB in PI pathogenesis was investigated. GzmB levels in human PI tissue and wound fluids were markedly elevated. A causative role for GzmB was assessed in GzmB knockout (GzmB−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice using a murine model of PI. An apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) model of aging and vascular dysfunction was also utilized to assess GzmB in a relevant age-related model better resembling tissue perfusion in the elderly. PI severity displayed no difference between young GzmB−/− and WT mice. However, in aged mice, PI severity was reduced in mice lacking GzmB. Mechanistically, GzmB increased vascular wall inflammation and impaired extracellular matrix remodeling. Together, GzmB is an important contributor to age-dependent impaired PI healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Juliana Bolsoni
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tatjana Ponomarev
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katlyn Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Schmid
- Blusson Spinal Cord Wound Clinic, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Papp
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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7
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Hiroyasu S, Zeglinski MR, Zhao H, Pawluk MA, Turner CT, Kasprick A, Tateishi C, Nishie W, Burleigh A, Lennox PA, Van Laeken N, Carr NJ, Petersen F, Crawford RI, Shimizu H, Tsuruta D, Ludwig RJ, Granville DJ. Granzyme B inhibition reduces disease severity in autoimmune blistering diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:302. [PMID: 33436591 PMCID: PMC7804321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigoid diseases refer to a group of severe autoimmune skin blistering diseases characterized by subepidermal blistering and loss of dermal-epidermal adhesion induced by autoantibody and immune cell infiltrate at the dermal-epidermal junction and upper dermis. Here, we explore the role of the immune cell-secreted serine protease, granzyme B, in pemphigoid disease pathogenesis using three independent murine models. In all models, granzyme B knockout or topical pharmacological inhibition significantly reduces total blistering area compared to controls. In vivo and in vitro studies show that granzyme B contributes to blistering by degrading key anchoring proteins in the dermal-epidermal junction that are necessary for dermal-epidermal adhesion. Further, granzyme B mediates IL-8/macrophage inflammatory protein-2 secretion, lesional neutrophil infiltration, and lesional neutrophil elastase activity. Clinically, granzyme B is elevated and abundant in human pemphigoid disease blister fluids and lesional skin. Collectively, granzyme B is a potential therapeutic target in pemphigoid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Chiharu Tateishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Angela Burleigh
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Nick J Carr
- Department of Surgery, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Members of the German Center for Lung Research, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Richard I Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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8
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Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Richardson KC, Santacruz S, Hiroyasu S, Wang C, Zhao H, Shen Y, Sehmi R, Lima H, Gauvreau GM, Granville DJ. Granzyme B Contributes to Barrier Dysfunction in Oxazolone-Induced Skin Inflammation through E-Cadherin and FLG Cleavage. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:36-47. [PMID: 32504614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin condition. Skin barrier dysfunction is of major importance in AD because it facilitates allergen sensitization and systemic allergic responses. Long regarded as a pro-apoptotic protease, emerging studies indicate granzyme B (GzmB) to have extracellular roles involving the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix, cell adhesion proteins, and basement membrane proteins. Minimally expressed in normal skin, GzmB is elevated in AD and is positively correlated with disease severity and pruritus. We hypothesized that GzmB contributes to AD through extracellular protein cleavage. A causative role for GzmB was assessed in an oxazolone-induced murine model of dermatitis, comparing GzmB-/- mice with wild-type mice, showing significant reductions in inflammation, epidermal thickness, and lesion formation in GzmB-/- mice. Topical administration of a small-molecule GzmB inhibitor reduced disease severity compared with vehicle-treated controls. Mechanistically, GzmB impaired epithelial barrier function through E-cadherin and FLG cleavage. GzmB proteolytic activity contributes to impaired epidermal barrier function and represents a valid therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Wang
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yue Shen
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermenio Lima
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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9
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Matsubara JA, Tian Y, Cui JZ, Zeglinski MR, Hiroyasu S, Turner CT, Granville DJ. Retinal Distribution and Extracellular Activity of Granzyme B: A Serine Protease That Degrades Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tight Junctions and Extracellular Matrix Proteins. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32318066 PMCID: PMC7155911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases first shown to be intracellular initiators of immune-mediated cell death in target pathogenic cells. In addition to its intracellular role, Granzyme B (GzmB) has important extracellular functions in immune regulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Verified substrates of extracellular GzmB activity include tight junctional and ECM proteins. Interestingly, little is known about the activity of GzmB in the outer human retina, a tissue in which the degradation of the tight junctional contacts of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and within the external limiting membrane, as well as remodeling of the ECM in Bruch's membrane, cause the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and slowing of metabolite transport between neuroretina and choroidal blood supply. Such pathological changes in outer retina signal early events in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory eye disease. This study is the first to focus on the distribution of GzmB in the outer retina of the healthy and diseased post-mortem human eye. Our results revealed that GzmB is present in RPE and choroidal mast cells. More immunoreactive cells are present in older (>65 years) compared to younger (<55 years) donor eyes, and choroidal immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), while RPE immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with soft drusen, an early AMD event. In vitro studies demonstrated that RPE-derived tight junctional and ECM proteins are cleaved by exogenous GzmB stimulation. These results suggest that the increased presence of GzmB immunoreactive cells in outer retina of older (healthy) eyes as well as in diseased eyes with CNV (from AMD) and eyes with soft drusen exacerbate ECM remodeling in the Bruch's membrane and degradation of the blood-retinal barrier. Currently there are no treatments that prevent remodeling of the Bruch's membrane and/or the loss of function of the outer blood-retinal barrier, known to promote early AMD changes, such as drusen deposition, RPE dysfunction and pro-inflammation. Specific inhibitors of GzmB, already in preclinical studies for non-ocular diseases, may provide new strategies to stop these early events associated with the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Z Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Zeglinski MR, Turner CT, Zeng R, Schwartz C, Santacruz S, Pawluk MA, Zhao H, Chan AWH, Carlsten C, Granville DJ. Soluble Wood Smoke Extract Promotes Barrier Dysfunction in Alveolar Epithelial Cells through a MAPK Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10027. [PMID: 31296909 PMCID: PMC6624307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildfire smoke induces acute pulmonary distress and is of particular concern to risk groups such as the sick and elderly. Wood smoke (WS) contains many of the same toxic compounds as those found in cigarette smoke (CS) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and free radicals. CS is a well-established risk factor for respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Limited studies investigating the biological effects of WS on the airway epithelium have been performed. Using a cell culture-based model, we assessed the effects of a WS-infused solution on alveolar epithelial barrier function, cell migration, and survival. The average geometric mean of particles in the WS was 178 nm. GC/MS analysis of the WS solution identified phenolic and cellulosic compounds. WS exposure resulted in a significant reduction in barrier function, which peaked after 24 hours of continuous exposure. The junctional protein E-cadherin showed a prominent reduction in response to increasing concentrations of WS. Furthermore, WS significantly repressed cell migration following injury to the cell monolayer. There was no difference in cell viability following WS exposure. Mechanistically, WS exposure induced activation of the p44/42, but not p38, MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibition of p44/42 phosphorylation prevented the disruption of barrier function and loss of E-cadherin staining. Thus, WS may contribute to the breakdown of alveolar structure and function through a p44/42 MAPK-dependent pathway and may lead to the development and/or exacerbation of respiratory pathologies with chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carley Schwartz
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arthur W H Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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11
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Turner CT, Zeglinski MR, Richardson KC, Zhao H, Shen Y, Papp A, Bird PI, Granville DJ. Granzyme K Expressed by Classically Activated Macrophages Contributes to Inflammation and Impaired Remodeling. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:930-939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Zeglinski MR, Turner CT, Santacruz S, Pawluk MA, Zhao H, Carlsten C, Granville DJ. Wood Smoke Disrupts Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Function through a p44/42 MAPK Signaling Pathway. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.709.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Zeglinski
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters Burn and Wound Healing GroupVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters Burn and Wound Healing GroupVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters Burn and Wound Healing GroupVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters Burn and Wound Healing GroupVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
| | - David J Granville
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters Burn and Wound Healing GroupVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBCCanada
- International Collaboration on Repair DiscoveriesVancouverBCCanada
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13
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Russo V, Klein T, Lim DJ, Solis N, Machado Y, Hiroyasu S, Nabai L, Shen Y, Zeglinski MR, Zhao H, Oram CP, Lennox PA, Van Laeken N, Carr NJ, Crawford RI, Franzke CW, Overall CM, Granville DJ. Granzyme B is elevated in autoimmune blistering diseases and cleaves key anchoring proteins of the dermal-epidermal junction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9690. [PMID: 29946113 PMCID: PMC6018769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy skin, epidermis and dermis are anchored together at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), a specialized basement membrane pivotal for skin integrity and function. However, increased inflammation in the DEJ is associated with the disruption and separation of this junction and sub-epidermal blistering. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease secreted by immune cells. Dysregulated inflammation may lead to increased GzmB accumulation and proteolysis in the extracellular milieu. Although elevated GzmB is observed at the level of the DEJ in inflammatory and blistering skin conditions, the present study is the first to explore GzmB in the context of DEJ degradation in autoimmune sub-epidermal blistering. In the present study, GzmB induced separation of the DEJ in healthy human skin. Subsequently, α6/β4 integrin, collagen VII, and collagen XVII were identified as extracellular substrates for GzmB through western blot, and specific cleavage sites were identified by mass spectrometry. In human bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, GzmB was elevated at the DEJ when compared to healthy samples, while α6/β4 integrin, collagen VII, and collagen XVII were reduced or absent in the area of blistering. In summary, our results suggest that regardless of the initial causation of sub-epidermal blistering, GzmB activity is a common final pathway that could be amenable to a single targeted treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Russo
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Theo Klein
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Darielle J Lim
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yoan Machado
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Yue Shen
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Cameron P Oram
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Peter A Lennox
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nancy Van Laeken
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nick J Carr
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Richard I Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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15
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Shen Y, Zeglinski MR, Turner CT, Raithatha SA, Wu Z, Russo V, Oram C, Hiroyasu S, Nabai L, Zhao H, Bozin T, Westendorf K, Kopko I, Huang R, Arns S, Tan J, Zeng H, Boey A, Liggins R, Jaquith J, Cameron DR, Papp A, Granville DJ. Topical small molecule granzyme B inhibitor improves remodeling in a murine model of impaired burn wound healing. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 29849046 PMCID: PMC5976625 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease that has long been thought to function exclusively in lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, this paradigm has been revisited due to the recognition that GzmB accumulates in the extracellular milieu in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, and contributes to impaired tissue remodeling due to the cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins. Knockout studies suggest that GzmB-mediated cleavage of decorin (DCN) contributes to impaired collagen fibrillogenesis and remodeling. As DCN is anti-fibrotic and contributes to reduced hypertrophic scarring, GzmB-induced DCN cleavage could play a role in wound healing following burn injury. In the present study, a novel, gel-formulated, first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of GzmB, VTI-1002, was assessed in a murine model of impaired, diabetic burn wound healing. VTI-1002 exhibited high specificity, potency, and target selectivity. Gel-formulated VTI-1002 was able to penetrate the stratum corneum and was retained in the skin with minimal systemic absorption. Daily topical administration of VTI-1002 gel for 30 days following thermal injury showed significantly accelerated wound closure, increased DCN protein levels, and collagen organization that was translated into significantly increased wound tensile strength compared to controls. Overall, VTI-1002 gel was well-tolerated in vivo and no adverse events were observed. Topical application of VTI-1002 represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,viDA Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheetal A Raithatha
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,viDA Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valerio Russo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cameron Oram
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tatjana Bozin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Westendorf
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,viDA Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irina Kopko
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel Huang
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steve Arns
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Tan
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Boey
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Liggins
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Jaquith
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Papp
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,viDA Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Gupta SS, Zeglinski MR, Rattan SG, Landry NM, Ghavami S, Wigle JT, Klonisch T, Halayko AJ, Dixon IMC. Inhibition of autophagy inhibits the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiac myofibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78516-78531. [PMID: 27705938 PMCID: PMC5346657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure with concomitant cardiac fibrosis is very high in developed countries. Fibroblast activation in heart is causal to cardiac fibrosis as they convert to hypersynthetic cardiac myofibroblasts. There is no known treatment for cardiac fibrosis. Myofibroblasts contribute to the inappropriate remodeling of the myocardial interstitium, which leads to reduced cardiac function and ultimately heart failure. Elevated levels of autophagy have been linked to stress-induced ventricular remodeling and other cardiac diseases. Previously, we had shown that TGF-β1 treatment of human atrial fibroblasts both induced autophagy and enhanced the fibrogenic response supporting a linkage between the myofibroblast phenotype and autophagy. We now demonstrate that with in vitro culture of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, inhibition of autophagy represses fibroblast to myofibroblast phenoconversion. Culturing unpassaged cardiac fibroblasts for 72 hours on plastic tissue culture plates is associated with elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. This activation parallels increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC-3β II) protein expression. Inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) and chloroquine (CQ) in cardiac fibroblasts significantly reduces α-SMA and extracellular domain A fibronectin (ED-A FN) protein vs untreated controls. Myofibroblast cell migration and contractility were significantly reduced following inhibition of autophagy. These data support the possibility of a causal link between cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast phenoconversion and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika S Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sunil G Rattan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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17
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Shen Y, Russo V, Zeglinski MR, Sellers SL, Wu Z, Oram C, Santacruz S, Merkulova Y, Turner C, Tauh K, Zhao H, Bozin T, Bohunek L, Zeng H, Seidman MA, Bleackley RC, McManus BM, Ruoslahti E, Järvinen TAH, Granville DJ. Recombinant Decorin Fusion Protein Attenuates Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation and Rupture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15857. [PMID: 29158532 PMCID: PMC5696466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is a small-leucine rich proteoglycan that mediates collagen fibrillogenesis, organization, and tensile strength. Adventitial DCN is reduced in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) resulting in vessel wall instability thereby predisposing the vessel to rupture. Recombinant DCN fusion protein CAR-DCN was engineered with an extended C-terminus comprised of CAR homing peptide that recognizes inflamed blood vessels and penetrates deep into the vessel wall. In the present study, the role of systemically-administered CAR-DCN in AAA progression and rupture was assessed in a murine model. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice were infused with angiotensin II (AngII) for 28 days to induce AAA formation. CAR-DCN or vehicle was administrated systemically until day 15. Mortality due to AAA rupture was significantly reduced in CAR-DCN-treated mice compared to controls. Although the prevalence of AAA was similar between vehicle and CAR-DCN groups, the severity of AAA in the CAR-DCN group was significantly reduced. Histological analysis revealed that CAR-DCN treatment significantly increased DCN and collagen levels within the aortic wall as compared to vehicle controls. Taken together, these results suggest that CAR-DCN treatment attenuates the formation and rupture of Ang II-induced AAA in mice by reinforcing the aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valerio Russo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Sellers
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia & St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cameron Oram
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Santacruz
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yulia Merkulova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Turner
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Keerit Tauh
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tatjana Bozin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lubos Bohunek
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Chris Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia & Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9610, USA
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere & Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - David J Granville
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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18
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Zeglinski MR, Roche P, Hnatowich M, Jassal DS, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Dixon IMC. TGFβ1 regulates Scleraxis expression in primary cardiac myofibroblasts by a Smad-independent mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H239-49. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00584.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac wound healing following myocardial infarction (MI), relatively inactive resident cardiac fibroblasts phenoconvert to hypersynthetic/secretory myofibroblasts that produce large quantities of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrillar collagen proteins. Our laboratory and others have identified TGFβ1 as being a persistent stimulus in the chronic and inappropriate wound healing phase that is marked by hypertrophic scarring and eventual stiffening of the entire myocardium, ultimately leading to the pathogenesis of heart failure following MI. Ski is a potent negative regulator of TGFβ/Smad signaling with known antifibrotic effects. Conversely, Scleraxis is a potent profibrotic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that stimulates fibrillar collagen expression. We hypothesize that TGFβ1 induces Scleraxis expression by a novel Smad-independent pathway. Our data support the hypothesis that Scleraxis expression is induced by TGFβ1 through a Smad-independent pathway in the cardiac myofibroblast. Specifically, we demonstrate that TGFβ1 stimulates p42/44 (Erk1/2) kinases, which leads to increased Scleraxis expression. Inhibition of MEK1/2 using U0126 led to a sequential temporal reduction of phospho-p42/44 and subsequent Scleraxis expression. We also found that adenoviral Ski expression in primary myofibroblasts caused a significant repression of endogenous Scleraxis expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Thus we have identified a novel TGFβ1-driven, Smad-independent, signaling cascade that may play an important role in regulating the fibrotic response in activated cardiac myofibroblasts following cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Zeglinski
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia Roche
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark Hnatowich
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian M. C. Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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19
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Zeglinski MR, Hnatowich M, Jassal DS, Dixon IMC. SnoN as a novel negative regulator of TGF-β/Smad signaling: a target for tailoring organ fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H75-82. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix is beneficial during the acute wound healing stage following tissue injury. In the short term, resident fibroblasts and myofibroblasts regulate the matrix remodeling process through production of matricellular protein components that provide structural support to the damaged tissue. This process is largely governed by the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway, a critical mediator of the remodeling process. In the long term, chronic activation of the TGF-β1 pathway promotes excessive synthesis and deposition of matrix proteins, including fibrillar collagens, which ultimately leads to organ failure. SnoN (and its alternatively-spliced isoforms SnoN2, SnoA, and SnoI) is one of four members of a family of negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling that includes Ski and functional Smad-suppressing elements on chromosomes 15 and 18. SnoN has been shown to be structurally and functionally similar to Ski and has been demonstrated to directly interact with Ski to abrogate gene expression. Despite this, little progress has been made in delineating a specific role for SnoN in the regulation of myofibroblast phenotype and function. This review outlines the current body of knowledge of what we refer to as the “Ski-Sno superfamily,” with a focus on the structural and functional importance of SnoN in mediating the fibrotic response by myofibroblasts following tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Zeglinski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark Hnatowich
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian M. C. Dixon
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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