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Lane J, Langdahl B, Stone M, Kurth A, Oates M, Timoshanko J, Wang Z, Libanati C, Cosman F. Romosozumab in patients who experienced an on-study fracture: post hoc analyses of the FRAME and ARCH phase 3 trials. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07049-w. [PMID: 38573517 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Post hoc analysis of FRAME and ARCH revealed that on-study nonvertebral and vertebral fractures by Month 12 were less common in women initially treated with romosozumab versus placebo or alendronate. Recurrent fracture risk was also lower in romosozumab‑treated patients, and there were no fracture‑related complications. Results support continuing romosozumab treatment post‑fracture. PURPOSE Post hoc analysis evaluating efficacy and safety of romosozumab, administered in the immediate post‑fracture period, in the FRAME and ARCH phase 3 trials. METHODS In FRAME (NCT01575834) and ARCH (NCT01631214), postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomized 1:1 to romosozumab 210 mg monthly or comparator (FRAME, placebo; ARCH, alendronate 70 mg weekly) for 12 months, followed by antiresorptive therapy (FRAME, denosumab; ARCH, alendronate). In patients who experienced on-study nonvertebral or new/worsening vertebral fracture by Month 12, we report the following: fracture and treatment‑emergent adverse event (TEAE) incidence through 36 months, bone mineral density changes (BMD), and romosozumab timing. Due to the sample sizes employed, meaningful statistical comparisons between treatments were not possible. RESULTS Incidence of on-study nonvertebral and vertebral fractures by Month 12 was numerically lower in romosozumab- versus comparator-treated patients (FRAME, 1.6% and 0.5% versus 2.1% and 1.6%; ARCH, 3.4% and 3.3% versus 4.6% and 4.9%, respectively). In those who experienced on-study nonvertebral fracture by Month 12, recurrent nonvertebral and subsequent vertebral fracture incidences were numerically lower in patients initially treated with romosozumab versus comparator (FRAME, 3.6% [2/56] and 1.8% [1/56] versus 9.2% [7/76] and 3.9% [3/76]; ARCH, 10.0% [7/70] and 5.7% [4/70] versus 12.6% [12/95] and 8.4% [8/95], respectively). Among those with on-study vertebral fracture by Month 12, recurrent vertebral and subsequent nonvertebral fracture incidences were numerically lower with romosozumab versus comparator (FRAME, 0.0% [0/17] and 0.0% [0/17] versus 11.9% [7/59] and 8.5% [5/59]; ARCH, 9.0% [6/67] and 7.5% [5/67] versus 15.0% [15/100] and 16.0% [16/100], respectively). In patients with fracture by Month 12, no fracture‑related complications were reported in romosozumab-treated patients. BMD gains were numerically greater with romosozumab than comparators. CONCLUSION Data suggest support for the efficacy and safety of continuing romosozumab treatment following fracture. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS NCT01575834; NCT01631214.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lane
- HSS Ambulatory Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Langdahl
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, Wales
| | - A Kurth
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Center for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Marienhaus Klinikum Mainz, Major Teaching Hospital, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oates
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Wang
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - F Cosman
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Loh L, Carcy S, Krovi HS, Domenico J, Spengler A, Lin Y, Torres J, Palmer W, Norman PJ, Stone M, Brunetti T, Meyer HV, Gapin L. Unraveling the Phenotypic States of Human innate-like T Cells: Comparative Insights with Conventional T Cells and Mouse Models. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.07.570707. [PMID: 38105962 PMCID: PMC10723458 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The "innate-like" T cell compartment, known as Tinn, represents a diverse group of T cells that straddle the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, having the ability to mount rapid responses following activation. In mice, this ability is acquired during thymic development. We explored the transcriptional landscape of Tinn compared to conventional T cells (Tconv) in the human thymus and blood using single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. We reveal that in human blood, the majority of Tinn cells, including iNKT, MAIT, and Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells, share an effector program characterized by the expression of unique chemokine and cytokine receptors, and cytotoxic molecules. This program is driven by specific transcription factors, distinct from those governing Tconv cells. Conversely, only a fraction of thymic Tinn cells displays an effector phenotype, while others share transcriptional features with developing Tconv cells, indicating potential divergent developmental pathways. Unlike the mouse, human Tinn cells do not differentiate into multiple effector subsets but develop a mixed type I/type III effector potential. To conduct a comprehensive cross-species analysis, we constructed a murine Tinn developmental atlas and uncovered additional species-specific distinctions, including the absence of type II Tinn cells in humans, which implies distinct immune regulatory mechanisms across species. The study provides insights into the development and functionality of Tinn cells, emphasizing their role in immune responses and their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen Loh
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Salomé Carcy
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yong Lin
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Torres
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - William Palmer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Hannah V. Meyer
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
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Rudolph DL, Melchin J, Stone M, Sarwar G, Hodgins E. Efficacy of urban road salt reduction strategies on public supply well quality. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:166466. [PMID: 37611712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-term road salt application has increased chloride (Cl-) concentrations in public drinking water wells in many cold climate communities. A range of Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been adopted to mitigate the impact of road deicing compounds on groundwater quality. Chronic increases in chloride levels have been observed in several municipal well fields within the southern Ontario Regional Municipality of Waterloo (RMOW). In response, the RMOW and City of Kitchener implemented a plan to reduce salt application on roads by 25% within the local capture zones of one of the impacted well fields, the Greenbrook Well Field. Here the influence of salt reduction BMPs on subsurface water quality are examined by documenting changes in pore water Cl- concentrations and stored salt mass in vadose zone core samples collected at sites near the well field both before and after the implementation of the BMPs. The data indicate that ~6 years after salt reduction measures were initiated, average pore water Cl- concentration and average cumulative stored chloride mass in the vadose zone had decreased by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. Groundwater samples collected from shallow monitoring wells installed at each field site showed similar post-BMP reductions in shallow groundwater Cl- concentration (~35%). Long-term (1973-2022) trends in raw water Cl- concentration data from the deeper public drinking water supply wells clearly demonstrate a slow, time-lagged response of the municipal supply wells to the salt reduction BMPs. The combined results suggest that controlled reductions in road salt applications within vulnerable, capture zone regions of public supply wells can reduce the impact of road salt deicing practices on municipal groundwater supplies over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Rudolph
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
| | - J Melchin
- Matrix Solutions Inc., Unit 7B, 650 Woodlawn Rd. W, Guelph, ON N1K 1B8, Canada
| | - M Stone
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - G Sarwar
- ENRED Consulting, 685 Megson Terrace, Milton L9T 8K4, ON, Canada
| | - E Hodgins
- Regional Municipality of Waterloo, 150 Frederick St, Kitchener N2G 4J3, ON, Canada
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Stone M, Dimofte C, Strong D, Pulvers K, Crespo NC, Leas EC, Pierce JP. Evaluating US smokers' willingness to pay for different cigarette packaging designs before and after real-world exposure in a randomised trial. Tob Control 2023; 32:689-695. [PMID: 35232793 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Removal of tobacco industry branding from cigarette packs may reduce their appeal. Adding graphic warning labels (GWLs) should enhance this effect. We investigate whether willingness to pay for various packaging designs changes after 3 months' use of: (1) US branded packs without GWLs (US), (2) non-branded packs without GWLs (Blank), and (3) rotating non-branded packs with GWLs (gangrene; throat cancer; neonatal baby) covering >75% of pack (GWL). METHODS Californian adult daily smokers not planning to quit (n=287; 56% female; mean age=39.6) completed a discrete choice purchase task before and after 3 months' experience using one of three packaging options. Conjoint analysis and pre-post modelling evaluated the change in importance of pack attributes and willingness to pay for US, Blank or GWL (blindness; teeth; gangrene) pack designs. RESULTS Price determined ~70% of purchase choices, while pack design determined ~22%. Irrespective of intervention arm, US packaging generated appeal valuations compared with Blank packaging, while GWLs consistently provoked strong aversive valuations at baseline and follow-up. Compared with the US pack arm, using GWL packs for 3 months decreased willingness to pay for US packaging (β=-$0.38, 95% CI -0.76 to 0.00). Wear-out effects were detected in the discount needed to willingly purchase the gangrene-GWL pack (β=$0.49, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.82) and Blank pack (β=$0.42, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.74) but not for GWLs (blindness, teeth) not used in trial. CONCLUSION Compared with US branded packs, the negative valuation of non-branded GWL packs attenuates with even 3 months' use but does not generalise to non-used GWLs. This suggests that GWLs should be regularly refreshed. The appeal valuation of industry imagery suggests that the US plan to retain such imagery on packs may ameliorate the effect of GWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stone
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudiu Dimofte
- Marketing, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kim Pulvers
- Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Noe C Crespo
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric C Leas
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John P Pierce
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
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Chen R, Pierce JP, Leas EC, Benmarhnia T, Strong DR, White MM, Stone M, Trinidad DR, McMenamin SB, Messer K. Effectiveness of e-cigarettes as aids for smoking cessation: evidence from the PATH Study cohort, 2017-2019. Tob Control 2023; 32:e145-e152. [PMID: 35131948 PMCID: PMC10423520 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation in the USA from 2017 to 2019, given the 2017 increase in high nicotine e-cigarette sales. METHODS In 2017, the PATH Cohort Study included data on 3578 previous year smokers with a recent quit attempt and 1323 recent former smokers. Respondents reported e-cigarettes or other products used to quit cigarettes and many covariates associated with e-cigarette use. Study outcomes were 12+ months of cigarette abstinence and tobacco abstinence in 2019. We report weighted unadjusted estimates and use propensity score matched analyses with 1500 bootstrap samples to estimate adjusted risk differences (aRD). RESULTS In 2017, 12.6% (95% CI 11.3% to 13.9%) of recent quit attempters used e-cigarettes to help with their quit attempt, a decline from previous years. Cigarette abstinence for e-cigarette users (9.9%, 95% CI 6.6% to 13.2%) was lower than for no product use (18.6%, 95% CI 16.0% to 21.2%), and the aRD for e-cigarettes versus pharmaceutical aids was -7.3% (95% CI -14.4 to -0.4) and for e-cigarettes versus any other method was -7.7% (95% CI -12.2 to -3.2). Only 2.2% (95% CI 0.0% to 4.4%) of recent former smokers switched to a high nicotine e-cigarette. Subjects who switched to e-cigarettes appeared to have a higher relapse rate than those who did not switch to e-cigarettes or other tobacco, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Sales increases in high nicotine e-cigarettes in 2017 did not translate to more smokers using these e-cigarettes to quit smoking. On average, using e-cigarettes for cessation in 2017 did not improve successful quitting or prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Chen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John P Pierce
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric C Leas
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martha M White
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sara B McMenamin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Ali EA, Syed A, Khailova L, Iguidbashian JP, Suarez‐Pierre A, Klawitter J, Stone M, Mancuso CA, Frank BS, Davidson JA. Novel Biomarkers of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates Undergoing Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Pilot Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030712. [PMID: 37489765 PMCID: PMC10492979 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A. Ali
- Children’s Hospital ColoradoResearch InstituteAuroraCOUSA
| | - Aneesa Syed
- Children’s Hospital ColoradoResearch InstituteAuroraCOUSA
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- University of Colorado‐School of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAuroraCOUSA
| | | | | | - Jelena Klawitter
- University of Colorado‐School of MedicineDepartment of AnesthesiologyAuroraCOUSA
| | - Matthew Stone
- University of Colorado‐School of MedicineDepartment of SurgeryAuroraCOUSA
| | - Christopher A. Mancuso
- University of Colorado‐School of Public HealthDepartment of Biostatistics and InformaticsAuroraCOUSA
| | - Benjamin S. Frank
- University of Colorado‐School of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jesse A. Davidson
- University of Colorado‐School of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAuroraCOUSA
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Palmer WH, Leaton LA, Codo AC, Crute B, Roest J, Zhu S, Petersen J, Tobin RP, Hume PS, Stone M, van Bokhoven A, Gerich ME, McCarter MD, Zhu Y, Janssen WJ, Vivian JP, Trowsdale J, Getahun A, Rossjohn J, Cambier J, Loh L, Norman PJ. Polymorphic KIR3DL3 expression modulates tissue-resident and innate-like T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade5343. [PMID: 37390222 PMCID: PMC10360443 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Most human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and recognize HLA class I molecules as ligands. KIR3DL3 is a conserved but polymorphic inhibitory KIR recognizing a B7 family ligand, HHLA2, and is implicated for immune checkpoint targeting. The expression profile and biological function of KIR3DL3 have been somewhat elusive, so we searched extensively for KIR3DL3 transcripts, revealing highly enriched expression in γδ and CD8+ T cells rather than NK cells. These KIR3DL3-expressing cells are rare in the blood and thymus but more common in the lungs and digestive tract. High-resolution flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics showed that peripheral blood KIR3DL3+ T cells have an activated transitional memory phenotype and are hypofunctional. The T cell receptor (TCR) usage is biased toward genes from early rearranged TCR-α variable segments or Vδ1 chains. In addition, we show that TCR-mediated stimulation can be inhibited through KIR3DL3 ligation. Whereas we detected no impact of KIR3DL3 polymorphism on ligand binding, variants in the proximal promoter and at residue 86 can reduce expression. Together, we demonstrate that KIR3DL3 is up-regulated alongside unconventional T cell stimulation and that individuals may vary in their ability to express KIR3DL3. These results have implications for the personalized targeting of KIR3DL3/HHLA2 checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Ann Leaton
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Campos Codo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bergren Crute
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James Roest
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiying Zhu
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard P. Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patrick S. Hume
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO,
USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of
Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark E. Gerich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Julian P. Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University,
School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Cambier
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of
Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville,
Australia
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of
Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Deng XS, Meng X, Fullerton D, Stone M, Iguidbashian J, Jaggers J. Complement Cross Talks With H-K-ATPase to Upregulate Runx2 in Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells. J Surg Res 2023; 286:118-126. [PMID: 36822134 PMCID: PMC10120867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a slowly progressive fibro-calcific valve leaflet disorder. The underlying pathophysiology is complex and not yet well understood. Complement is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of CAVD by upregulating Runx2 to induce profibrogenic change in human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Furthermore, H-K-ATPase has independently been shown to induce tissue calcification. Therefore, we hypothesized that complement cross talks with H-K-ATPase to upregulate Runx2 in human AVICs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human AVICs were isolated from normal and calcified aortic valves. Cells were treated with a variation of complement, H-K-ATPase, or ERK1/2 inhibitors. H-K-ATPase and its association with complement in AVICs were investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. RESULTS Calcified human AVICs expressed significantly higher H-K-ATPase level than normal human AVICs. Presence of complement C3 with H-K-ATPase is found in AVICs after complement treatment. Complement induced both H-K-ATPase and Runx2 expression in AVICs, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its downstream molecule p-70 S6. Pharmacological inhibition of either H-K-ATPase or Erk1/2 abolished complement-induced Runx2 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that complement cross talks with H-K-ATPase to upregulate Runx2 in human AVICs by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The study revealed the potential role of H-K-ATPase in the pathogenesis of CAVD and therapeutically targeting either complement system or H-K-ATPase may limit the development of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Deng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Fullerton
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Stone
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John Iguidbashian
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James Jaggers
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Alikhani M, Khalid B, Stone M. Image-text coherence and its implications for multimodal AI. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1048874. [PMID: 37255946 PMCID: PMC10226667 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1048874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human communication often combines imagery and text into integrated presentations, especially online. In this paper, we show how image-text coherence relations can be used to model the pragmatics of image-text presentations in AI systems. In contrast to alternative frameworks that characterize image-text presentations in terms of the priority, relevance, or overlap of information across modalities, coherence theory postulates that each unit of a discourse stands in specific pragmatic relations to other parts of the discourse, with each relation involving its own information goals and inferential connections. Text accompanying an image may, for example, characterize what's visible in the image, explain how the image was obtained, offer the author's appraisal of or reaction to the depicted situation, and so forth. The advantage of coherence theory is that it provides a simple, robust, and effective abstraction of communicative goals for practical applications. To argue this, we review case studies describing coherence in image-text data sets, predicting coherence from few-shot annotations, and coherence models of image-text tasks such as caption generation and caption evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Alikhani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Baber Khalid
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Matthew Stone
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Stone M, Strong D, Dimofte C, Brighton E, Oratowski J, Yang T, Alkuzweny M, Asslani A, Velasco K, Skipworth M, Crespo NC, Hurst S, Leas EC, Pulvers K, Pierce JP. Role of affective reactivity induced by cigarette packaging including graphic warning labels: the CASA Study. Tob Control 2023; 32:315-322. [PMID: 34511408 PMCID: PMC8917242 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether three types of cigarette pack designs, including three versions of graphic warning label (GWL) plain packs, one GWL absent and branding absent pack (blank) and the smoker's own GWL absent and branding present pack (US), elicit different valence, type and levels of affect. DESIGN US daily smokers (n=324) were asked to handle each of the five pack types and 'think aloud' their reactions. To avoid a muted familiarity response, exposure to their own US pack followed exposure to at least one GWL plain pack. Reactions were scored on a reactivity scale (-3 to +3) and the text was coded for speech polarity (-1 to +1) and emotive word frequency. RESULTS Reactivity scores had excellent inter-rater reliability (agreement ≥86%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.89) and were correlated with speech polarity (r=0.21-0.37, p<0.001). When considering their US pack, approximately two-thirds of smokers had a low (31.5%) to medium (34.6%) positive response (reactivity=1.29; polarity=0.14) with expressed feelings of joy and trust. Blank packaging prompted a largely (65.4%) neutral response (reactivity=0.03; polarity=0.00). The gangrenous foot GWL provoked mostly medium (46.9%) to high (48.1%) negative responses (reactivity=-2.44; polarity=-0.20), followed by neonatal baby (reactivity=-1.85; polarity=-0.10) and throat cancer (reactivity=-1.76; polarity=-0.08) warnings. GWLs varied in their elicitation of disgust, anger, fear and sadness. CONCLUSION Initial reactions to GWL packs, a blank pack, and smokers' current US pack reflected negative, neutral, and positive affect, respectively. Different versions of the GWL pack elicited different levels and types of immediate negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stone
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claudiu Dimofte
- Marketing Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brighton
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jesica Oratowski
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tingyi Yang
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Manar Alkuzweny
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Atean Asslani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katherine Velasco
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Skipworth
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Noe C Crespo
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Samantha Hurst
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric C Leas
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - John P Pierce
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cancer Control Program, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
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Maltauro R, Stone M, Collins AL, Krishnappan BG, Silins U. The effect of shear-dependent flocculation on the multimodality of effective particle size distributions in a gravel-bed river during high flows. J Soils Sediments 2023; 23:3589-3601. [PMID: 37791374 PMCID: PMC10542730 DOI: 10.1007/s11368-023-03455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Multimodal effective particle size distributions (EPSDs) develop as flocculation and particle breakage occur dynamically in a fluid shear and such distributions have been previously reported in coastal and estuarine waters to understand flocculation processes. Here, we use time varying multimodal EPSDs and hydraulic parameters (discharge and bed shear stress) to assess freshwater flocculation in a gravel-bed river in southern Alberta, Canada. Methods Instantaneous discharge, volume concentration (VC), and EPSD of suspended solids were measured during three high discharge events at four study sites in a 10 km reach of the Crowsnest River. The EPSD and VC of suspended solids (< 500 µm) were measured in the centroid of flow with a LISST-200x. Bed shear stress for measured discharge was obtained using a flow model, MOBED. Results Multimodal EPSDs consisted of primary particles, flocculi, microflocs, and macroflocs. Shear dependent flocculation was consistently observed for all sites and events, due to low and high shear stress flocculation, particle breakage, and mobilization of tributary sub-catchment derived particles. Higher shear stress limited flocculation to smaller floc sizes, while lower bed shear stress conditions created higher volumes of macroflocs. Conclusion Flocculation and particle breakage processes based on relationships between particle size and hydraulic properties presented herein have implications for advancing fine sediment transport models by a variable cohesion factor as a function of floc size class.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Maltauro
- Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - M. Stone
- Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - A. L. Collins
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, Devon UK
| | | | - U. Silins
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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12
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McCalla SG, Fotuhi Siahpirani A, Li J, Pyne S, Stone M, Periyasamy V, Shin J, Roy S. Identifying strengths and weaknesses of methods for computational network inference from single-cell RNA-seq data. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad004. [PMID: 36626328 PMCID: PMC9997554 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers unparalleled insight into the transcriptional programs of different cellular states by measuring the transcriptome of thousands of individual cells. An emerging problem in the analysis of scRNA-seq is the inference of transcriptional gene regulatory networks and a number of methods with different learning frameworks have been developed to address this problem. Here, we present an expanded benchmarking study of eleven recent network inference methods on seven published scRNA-seq datasets in human, mouse, and yeast considering different types of gold standard networks and evaluation metrics. We evaluate methods based on their computing requirements as well as on their ability to recover the network structure. We find that, while most methods have a modest recovery of experimentally derived interactions based on global metrics such as Area Under the Precision Recall curve, methods are able to capture targets of regulators that are relevant to the system under study. Among the top performing methods that use only expression were SCENIC, PIDC, MERLIN or Correlation. Addition of prior biological knowledge and the estimation of transcription factor activities resulted in the best overall performance with the Inferelator and MERLIN methods that use prior knowledge outperforming methods that use expression alone. We found that imputation for network inference did not improve network inference accuracy and could be detrimental. Comparisons of inferred networks for comparable bulk conditions showed that the networks inferred from scRNA-seq datasets are often better or at par with the networks inferred from bulk datasets. Our analysis should be beneficial in selecting methods for network inference. At the same time, this highlights the need for improved methods and better gold standards for regulatory network inference from scRNAseq datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunnie Grace McCalla
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Jiaxin Li
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Saptarshi Pyne
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Viswesh Periyasamy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junha Shin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Zinsstag J, Kaiser-Grolimund A, Heitz-Tokpa K, Sreedharan R, Lubroth J, Caya F, Stone M, Brown H, Bonfoh B, Dobell E, Morgan D, Homaira N, Kock R, Hattendorf J, Crump L, Mauti S, Del Rio Vilas V, Saikat S, Zumla A, Heymann D, Dar O, de la Rocque S. Advancing One human-animal-environment Health for global health security: what does the evidence say? Lancet 2023; 401:591-604. [PMID: 36682371 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this Series paper, we review the contributions of One Health approaches (ie, at the human-animal-environment interface) to improve global health security across a range of health hazards and we summarise contemporary evidence of incremental benefits of a One Health approach. We assessed how One Health approaches were reported to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE), and WHO, within the monitoring and assessment frameworks, including WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and WOAH Performance of Veterinary Services. We reviewed One Health theoretical foundations, methods, and case studies. Examples from joint health services and infrastructure, surveillance-response systems, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, food safety and security, environmental hazards, water and sanitation, and zoonoses control clearly show incremental benefits of One Health approaches. One Health approaches appear to be most effective and sustainable in the prevention, preparedness, and early detection and investigation of evolving risks and hazards; the evidence base for their application is strongest in the control of endemic and neglected tropical diseases. For benefits to be maximised and extended, improved One Health operationalisation is needed by strengthening multisectoral coordination mechanisms at national, regional, and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Kaiser-Grolimund
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan
- Health Security Preparedness Department, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hannah Brown
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emily Dobell
- Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Dilys Morgan
- Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- Centre for Child Health Research and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crump
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Mauti
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Del Rio Vilas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK; Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Sohel Saikat
- System Resilience and Essential Public Health Functions, Special Programme on Primary Health Care, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Heymann
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Osman Dar
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK; Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Stéphane de la Rocque
- Health Security Preparedness Department, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cabezas AH, Mapitse NJ, Tizzani P, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ, Stone M, Park MK. Analysis of suspensions and recoveries of official foot and mouth disease free status of WOAH Members between 1996 and 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1013768. [PMID: 36387388 PMCID: PMC9650142 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1013768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease was the first disease for which, in 1996, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH; founded as OIE) established an official list of disease-free territories, which has helped to facilitate the trade of animals and animal products from those territories. Since that year, there have been a number of suspensions of FMD-free status which have impacted the livestock industry of the territories affected. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with the time taken to recover FMD-free status after suspension. Historical applications submitted (between 1996 and the first semester of 2020) by WOAH Members for recognition and recovery of FMD-free status were used as the main source of data. Only FMD-free status suspensions caused by outbreaks were considered. Data on the Member's socio-economic characteristics, livestock production systems, FMD outbreak characteristics, and control strategies were targeted for the analysis. The period of time taken to recover FMD-free status was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors associated with the time taken to recover FMD-free status after suspension. A total of 163 territories were granted official FMD-free status during the study period. The study sample consisted of 45 FMD-free status suspensions. Africa and the Americas accounted for over 50% of FMD-free status suspensions, while over 70% of these occurred in formerly FMD-free territories where vaccination was not practiced. The study noted that implementing a stamping-out or vaccination and remove policy shortened the time to recover FMD-free status, compared with a vaccination and retain policy. Other variables associated with the outcome were the income level of the Member, Veterinary Service capacity, time taken to implement control measures, time taken until the disposal of the last FMD case, whether the territory bordered FMD-infected territories, and time elapsed since FMD freedom. This analysis will contribute toward the understanding of the main determinants affecting the time to recover the FMD free status of WOAH Members and policy processes for FMD control and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio H. Cabezas
- Status Department, World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Aurelio H. Cabezas
| | - Neo J. Mapitse
- Status Department, World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Manuel J. Sanchez-Vazquez
- Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matthew Stone
- International Standards and Science, World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Min-Kyung Park
- Status Department, World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France,Min-Kyung Park
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Javadi E, Laudenschlager S, Kheyfets V, Di Maria M, Stone M, Jamali S, Powell AJ, Moghari MH. Predicting Hemodynamic Performance of Fontan Operation for Glenn Physiology using Computational Fluid Dynamics: Ten Patient-specific Cases. J Clin Images Med Case Rep 2022; 3:1916. [PMID: 36339935 PMCID: PMC9631545 DOI: 10.52768/2766-7820/1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single ventricle hearts have only one ventricle that can pump blood effectively and the treatment requires three stages of operations to reconfigure the heart and circulatory system. At the second stage, Glenn procedure is performed to connect superior vena cava (SVC) to the pulmonary arteries (PA). For the third and most complex operation, called Fontan, an extracardiac conduit is used to connect inferior vena cava (IVC) to the PL and thereafter no deoxygenated blood goes to the heart. Predicting Hemodynamic Performance of Fontan Operation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is hypothesized to improve outcomes and optimize this treatment planning in children with single-ventricle heart disease. An important reason for this surgical planning is to reduce the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and the need to perform Fontan revisions. The purpose of this study was to develop amodel for Fontan surgical planning and use this model to compare blood circulation in two designed graft types of Fontan operation known as T-shape and Y-graft. The functionality of grafts was compared in terms of power loss (PL) and hepatic flow distribution (HFD), a known factor in PAVM development. To perform this study, ten single-ventricle children with Glenn physiology were included and a CFD model was developed to estimate the blood flow circulation to the left and right pulmonary arteries. The estimated blood flow by CFD was compared with that measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Results showed that there was an excellent agreement between the net blood flow in the right and left pulmonary arteries computed by CFD and CMR (ICC= 0.98, P-value ≥0.21). After validating the accuracy of each CFD model, Fontan operations using T-shape and Y-graft conduits were performed in silico for each patient and the developed CFD model was used to predict the post-surgical PL and HFD. We found that the PL in the Y-graft was significantly lower than in the T-shape (P-value ≤0.001) and HFD was significantly better balanced in Y-graft compared to the T-shape (P-value=0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Javadi
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Laudenschlager
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vitaly Kheyfets
- Paediatric Critical Care Medicine; Developmental Lung Biology and CVP Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Di Maria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, and Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Safa Jamali
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi H. Moghari
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Aurora, and Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Klaeui C, Medida RL, Stone M, Marshall-lund L, Gebhart C, Saqui-Salces M. PSV-13 Lawsonia Intracellularis Increases Cell Proliferation in Swine Enteroids in Vitro. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an enteric pathogen that causes thickening of the intestinal mucosa layer resulting in malnutrition, diarrhea, and poor weight gain in swine. L. intracellularis increases intestinal cell proliferation in vivo. Swine enteroids are 3-dimensional in vitro models that can be used to study bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate cellular proliferation in swine enteroids infected by L. intracellularis. Ki-67 is a protein expressed by cells that are actively proliferating and is often used to document changes in proliferation. Swine enteroids were cultured in monolayers using transwells, infected with L. intracellularis (PHE/MN1-00), and harvested on 5, 7, and 14 d post infection (dpi). Enteroid monolayers were fixed in 4% formaldehyde overnight, and immunofluorescence for Ki-67 and L. intracellularis were performed. Experiments were replicated 3 times. Immunofluorescent staining using L. intracellularis antibodies demonstrated infection of enteroids. Cell proliferation was assessed by counting the number of Ki-67 positive cells under 20x magnification and comparing to the total number of cells as stained by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in infected and non-infected enteroids. Cell counts were analyzed using paired t-test in GraphPad Prism comparing infected enteroids with uninfected enteroids for each dpi time. Cell proliferation between non-infected and infected enteroids were not different at 5 dpi (0.014±0.007 vs. 0.044±0.021, P = 0.21) or 14 dpi (0.101±0.10 vs. 0.061±0.034, P = 0.46). However, at 7 dpi, infected enteroids showed greater cell proliferation (0.67±0.056 vs. 0.078±0.58, P = .047). In infected pigs, it was reported that increased cell proliferation is observed at 7 dpi. In vitro swine enteroids reproduce the proliferative changes observed in vivo, validating their use as a model for L. intracellularis infection.
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17
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Clopton R, Stone M, Ing RJ. In children with congenital heart disease should the left or right internal jugular vein be used for central venous access? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:2488-2489. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Brennan C, Stone M, Pinder R, Gowda A. 306 In the COVID Aftermath, Using an Innovative Collaborative Approach to Improve Wait Times for Skin Cancer Patients. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
COVID-19 led to drastic reductions in non-urgent medical visits and cancer care. Surgical patient backlogs mean new strategies are required to decrease wait times and administrative costs whilst improving patient outcomes. We review the impact of combined speciality Plastic Surgery and Dermatology 2 week-wait (2ww) clinics on wait times and hospital attendances and associated cost implications when compared to the single speciality clinics.
Retrospective analysis comparing Plastic surgery (PS) and Dermatology (DM) 2ww clinics against combined Dermatology and Plastic surgery (DP) clinics across the same 3-month period in 2018 and 2019 at a single UK tertiary centre.
283 patients reviewed across the same 3-month period in 2018 and 2019 (PS n = 53, DM n = 158, PD n = 72). PD reviewed most patients per clinic (Averages: PD n = 18.0, PS n = 8.8, DM n = 12.1). Hospital attendance decreased from 1.84 to 1.51 visits. 42.9% of excisional biopsies were performed on the same day as initial assessment compared to 18.0% in PS/DM clinics. Referral to surgery time decreased from 67.7days to 50.4 days, and tertiary assessment to surgery from 49.5days to 36.9days. PD attracted tariffs of up to £29.78 more per patient.
Combined clinics see more patients and attract higher tariffs per patient, whilst reducing outpatient attendances and wait times to surgery. This has significant cost-saving implications whilst optimising cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Brennan
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - M. Stone
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - R. Pinder
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - A. Gowda
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, United Kingdom
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Parker-Graham CA, Ang J, QuijanoCardé EM, Deanovic LA, Stone M, Madigan JE, Aleman M, Soto E. Fish evacuation and emergency sheltering during wildfire disasters. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-6. [PMID: 35100135 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.05.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires are a serious and expanding threat in western North America, and wildfire encroachment on human populations leads to widespread evacuation and emergency housing operations for residents and their companion animals and livestock. Veterinarians are frequently part of wildfire response efforts and are called upon to assist in rescue, evacuation, and emergency housing operations as well as to provide medical care for evacuated animals. Although veterinarians are likely familiar with the principles of transporting and housing terrestrial animals, emergency response for aquatic companion animals presents unique logistic challenges. Veterinarians familiar with aquatic animal evacuation, housing, and care prior to a wildfire response can extend the scope of disaster recovery. This report offers general guidance for rescuing, evacuating, housing, and caring for aquatic animals in the wake of a wildfire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Parker-Graham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - June Ang
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Eva Marie QuijanoCardé
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Linda A Deanovic
- Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Matthew Stone
- Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John E Madigan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Monica Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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Hampson G, Stone M, Lindsay JR, Crowley RK, Ralston SH. Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis During COVID-19: Systematic Review and Practical Guidance. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:351-362. [PMID: 34003337 PMCID: PMC8129963 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound disruption to the delivery of healthcare services globally. This has affected the management of many long-term conditions including osteoporosis as resources are diverted to cover urgent care. Osteoporosis is a public health concern worldwide and treatment is required for the prevention of further bone loss, deterioration of skeletal micro-architecture, and fragility fractures. This review provides information on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. We also provide clinical recommendations on the adaptation of care pathways based on experience from five referral centres to ensure that patients with osteoporosis are still treated and to reduce the risk of fractures both for the individual patient and on a societal basis. We address the use of the FRAX tool for risk stratification and initiation of osteoporosis treatment and discuss the potential adaptations to treatment pathways in view of limitations on the availability of DXA. We focus on the issues surrounding initiation and maintenance of treatment for patients on parenteral therapies such as zoledronate, denosumab, teriparatide, and romosozumab during the pandemic. The design of these innovative care pathways for the management of patients with osteoporosis may also provide a platform for future improvement to osteoporosis services when routine clinical care resumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hampson
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, 5th Floor, North Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Department of Rheumatology, Metabolic Bone Clinic, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - M Stone
- Metabolic Bone Service, University Hospital Llandough, Llandough, Penarth, CF64 2XX, UK
| | - J R Lindsay
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Service, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R K Crowley
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, NHS Lothian Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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21
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Stone M. Biosecurity is critical to New Zealand's national security, economy and way of life. N Z Vet J 2021; 69:309-312. [PMID: 34579612 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1965076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Huntington B, Bernardo TM, Bondad-Reantaso M, Bruce M, Devleesschauwer B, Gilbert W, Grace D, Havelaar A, Herrero M, Marsh TL, Mesenhowski S, Pendell D, Pigott D, Shaw AP, Stacey D, Stone M, Torgerson P, Watkins K, Wieland B, Rushton J. Global Burden of Animal Diseases: a novel approach to understanding and managing disease in livestock and aquaculture. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:567-584. [PMID: 34542092 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Investments in animal health and Veterinary Services can have a measurable impact on the health of people and the environment. These investments require a baseline metric that describes the burden of animal health and welfare in order to justify and prioritise resource allocation and from which to measure the impact of interventions. This paper is part of a process of scientific enquiry in which problems are identified and solutions sought in an inclusive way. It poses the broad question: what should a system to measure the animal disease burden on society look like and what value would it add? Moreover, it aims to do this in such a way as to be accessible by a wide audience, who are encouraged to engage in this debate. Given that farmed animals, including those raised by poor smallholders, are an economic entity, this system should be based on economic principles. These poor farmers are negatively impacted by disparities in animal health technology, which can be addressed through a mixture of supply-led and demand-driven interventions, reinforcing the relevance of targeted financial support from government and non-governmental organisations. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme will glean existing data to measure animal health losses within carefully characterised production systems. Consistent and transparent attribution of animal health losses will enable meaningful comparisons of the animal disease burden to be made between diseases, production systems and countries, and will show how it is apportioned by people's socio-economic status and gender. The GBADs Programme will produce a cloud-based knowledge engine and data portal, through which users will access burden metrics and associated visualisations, support for decisionmaking in the form of future animal health scenarios, and the outputs of wider economic modelling. The vision of GBADs, strengthening the food system for the benefit of society and the environment, is an example of One Health thinking in action.
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Whittam A, Stone M, Anwar MU. Contact Burns From Central Heating Radiators in Adults-An Increasing Problem in an Aging Population. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:495-498. [PMID: 33136123 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary method of heating residential dwellings in the developed world is through central heating radiators. These appliances are a major risk factor for contact burns, especially in individuals at the extremes of age. This article presents our findings of radiator contact burns in adults treated at a regional burns service during a 6-year period. We identified a total of 116 patients and 60% were male. The mean age was 58 (range 16-97), 71% had at least one comorbidity, with a mean of 1.88 comorbidities for each patient (range 0-8). The mean TBSA was 1.7% (range 0.1-8). Thirty-three patients (26%) required at least one operation with the average number of procedures being 1.45 (range 1-4). The mean length of stay was 16 days (range 0-98) compared to 7.5 days for all admitted patients across the same period. Four patients died within 30 days of their injury, 7 within 90 days, and 16 had died within 1 year of their injury. There have been previous smaller studies looking at contact burns from radiators in both adult and pediatric populations, demonstrating a bi-modal distribution at the extremes of age. This study is the largest of its kind looking specifically at an adult population and demonstrates that these injuries tend to occur in a population with a number of other comorbidities. These patients often required prolonged hospital care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Whittam
- The Regional Burns Service, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, UK
| | - Matthew Stone
- The Regional Burns Service, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, UK
| | - Mohammad Umair Anwar
- The Regional Burns Service, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, UK
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Rushton J, Huntington B, Gilbert W, Herrero M, Torgerson PR, Shaw APM, Bruce M, Marsh TL, Pendell DL, Bernardo TM, Stacey D, Grace D, Watkins K, Bondad-Reantaso M, Devleesschauwer B, Pigott DM, Stone M, Mesenhowski S. Roll-out of the Global Burden of Animal Diseases programme. Lancet 2021; 397:1045-1046. [PMID: 33549170 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Rushton
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - B Huntington
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; Pengwern Animal Health Ltd, Wallasey Village, UK
| | - W Gilbert
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - M Herrero
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - P R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A P M Shaw
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; A P Consultants, Andover, UK
| | - M Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - T L Marsh
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Allen Center, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, WA, USA
| | - D L Pendell
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T M Bernardo
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D Stacey
- School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D Grace
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K Watkins
- FoodFirst LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Bondad-Reantaso
- Fisheries Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D M Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Stone
- OIE World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
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Judd JA, Canestrari J, Clark R, Joseph A, Lapierre P, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Mir M, Palumbo M, Smith C, Stone M, Upadhyay A, Wirth SE, Dedrick RM, Meier CG, Russell DA, Dills A, Dove E, Kester J, Wolf ID, Zhu J, Rubin ER, Fortune S, Hatfull GF, Gray TA, Wade JT, Derbyshire KM. A Mycobacterial Systems Resource for the Research Community. mBio 2021; 12:e02401-20. [PMID: 33653882 PMCID: PMC8092266 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02401-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of bacterial proteins lags far behind the identification of new protein families. This is especially true for bacterial species that are more difficult to grow and genetically manipulate than model systems such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis To facilitate functional characterization of mycobacterial proteins, we have established a Mycobacterial Systems Resource (MSR) using the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis This resource focuses specifically on 1,153 highly conserved core genes that are common to many mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in order to provide the most relevant information and resources for the mycobacterial research community. The MSR includes both biological and bioinformatic resources. The biological resource includes (i) an expression plasmid library of 1,116 genes fused to a fluorescent protein for determining protein localization; (ii) a library of 569 precise deletions of nonessential genes; and (iii) a set of 843 CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) plasmids specifically targeted to silence expression of essential core genes and genes for which a precise deletion was not obtained. The bioinformatic resource includes information about individual genes and a detailed assessment of protein localization. We anticipate that integration of these initial functional analyses and the availability of the biological resource will facilitate studies of these core proteins in many Mycobacterium species, including the less experimentally tractable pathogens M. abscessus, M. avium, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. marinum, M. tuberculosis, and M. ulceransIMPORTANCE Diseases caused by mycobacterial species result in millions of deaths per year globally, and present a substantial health and economic burden, especially in immunocompromised patients. Difficulties inherent in working with mycobacterial pathogens have hampered the development and application of high-throughput genetics that can inform genome annotations and subsequent functional assays. To facilitate mycobacterial research, we have created a biological and bioinformatic resource (https://msrdb.org/) using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model organism. The resource focuses specifically on 1,153 proteins that are highly conserved across the mycobacterial genus and, therefore, likely perform conserved mycobacterial core functions. Thus, functional insights from the MSR will apply to all mycobacterial species. We believe that the availability of this mycobacterial systems resource will accelerate research throughout the mycobacterial research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Judd
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - J Canestrari
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - R Clark
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - A Joseph
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - P Lapierre
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - E Lasek-Nesselquist
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M Mir
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M Palumbo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - C Smith
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M Stone
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - A Upadhyay
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - S E Wirth
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - R M Dedrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C G Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D A Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Dills
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Dove
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Kester
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I D Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E R Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G F Hatfull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T A Gray
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - J T Wade
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - K M Derbyshire
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Deng XS, Meng X, Fullerton D, Stone M, Jaggers J. Complement Upregulates Runx-2 to Induce Profibrogenic Change in Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 112:1962-1972. [PMID: 33545156 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium accumulation and fibrotic activities are principal mechanisms for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Active complement products are observed in human stenotic aortic valves. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) is involved in tissue calcification. We hypothesized that complement upregulates Runx-2 to induce profibrogenic change in human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). METHODS AVICs were isolated from 6 normal and 6 CAVD donor valves. Cells were treated with complement cocktails. Profibrogenic activities and associated signaling molecules were analyzed by Western blot assay and collagen staining. RESULTS Complement time and dose dependently enhanced profibrogenic activities in AVICs, and complement exposure also induced total collagen deposition in AVICs. Complement-induced profibrogenic responses were associated with increased Runx-2 expression and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Genetic silencing of Runx-2 decreased both matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and collagen I levels. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 decreased complement-mediated MMP-9, collagen I, and Runx-2 expression as well as total collagen deposition in human AVICs. Further, treating AVICs with heat-deactivated complement resulted in reduced MMP-9, collagen I, and Runx-2 levels compared with active complement treatment. CONCLUSIONS Complement induced profibrogenic activities in AVICs by activation of ERK1/2-mediated Runx-2 signaling pathways. This study demonstrates a potential role for complement-mediated CAVD pathogenesis, establishing a possible therapeutic target to limit CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Deng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Fullerton
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Stone
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James Jaggers
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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Stone M, Choi R, Ing RJ. Optimization of Right Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter Length in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2392-2394. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jaggers J, Stone M. Commentary: Intraventricular conduit repair for double-outlet right ventricle with noncommitted ventricular septal defect—How bright is the light at the end of the tunnel? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159:2404-2405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aly D, Lutterbach J, Stone M, Fonseca B. ENDOCARDITIS PRECIPITATED RUPTURE SINUS OF VALSALVA ANEURYSM COEXISTING WITH A VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT AND BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)33647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stone M, Ing RJ, Schwartz L. Risk Stratification for Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation After Cardiac Surgery in Children. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:949-950. [PMID: 31937480 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard J Ing
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Lawrence Schwartz
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Sala G, Stone M, Christianson A. Frustrated magnetism on Nd-based Shastry–Sutherland (SS) lattices. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319097770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kulikov V, Guo SM, Stone M, Goodman A, Carpenter A, Bathe M, Lempitsky V. DoGNet: A deep architecture for synapse detection in multiplexed fluorescence images. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007012. [PMID: 31083649 PMCID: PMC6533009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synapses transmit electrochemical signals between cells through the coordinated action of presynaptic vesicles, ion channels, scaffolding and adapter proteins, and membrane receptors. In situ structural characterization of numerous synaptic proteins simultaneously through multiplexed imaging facilitates a bottom-up approach to synapse classification and phenotypic description. Objective automation of efficient and reliable synapse detection within these datasets is essential for the high-throughput investigation of synaptic features. Convolutional neural networks can solve this generalized problem of synapse detection, however, these architectures require large numbers of training examples to optimize their thousands of parameters. We propose DoGNet, a neural network architecture that closes the gap between classical computer vision blob detectors, such as Difference of Gaussians (DoG) filters, and modern convolutional networks. DoGNet is optimized to analyze highly multiplexed microscopy data. Its small number of training parameters allows DoGNet to be trained with few examples, which facilitates its application to new datasets without overfitting. We evaluate the method on multiplexed fluorescence imaging data from both primary mouse neuronal cultures and mouse cortex tissue slices. We show that DoGNet outperforms convolutional networks with a low-to-moderate number of training examples, and DoGNet is efficiently transferred between datasets collected from separate research groups. DoGNet synapse localizations can then be used to guide the segmentation of individual synaptic protein locations and spatial extents, revealing their spatial organization and relative abundances within individual synapses. The source code is publicly available: https://github.com/kulikovv/dognet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syuan-Ming Guo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Stone
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Allen Goodman
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Fan Y, Shepherd LJ, Slavich E, Waters D, Stone M, Abel R, Johnston EL. Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209749. [PMID: 30759093 PMCID: PMC6373838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gendered and racial inequalities persist in even the most progressive of workplaces. There is increasing evidence to suggest that all aspects of employment, from hiring to performance evaluation to promotion, are affected by gender and cultural background. In higher education, bias in performance evaluation has been posited as one of the reasons why few women make it to the upper echelons of the academic hierarchy. With unprecedented access to institution-wide student survey data from a large public university in Australia, we investigated the role of conscious or unconscious bias in terms of gender and cultural background. We found potential bias against women and teachers with non-English speaking backgrounds. Our findings suggest that bias may decrease with better representation of minority groups in the university workforce. Our findings have implications for society beyond the academy, as over 40% of the Australian population now go to university, and graduates may carry these biases with them into the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - L. J. Shepherd
- Department of Government and International Relations, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. Slavich
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Waters
- Division of Academic, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Stone
- Division of Research, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Abel
- Division of Academic, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - E. L. Johnston
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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Ing RJ, Stone M. Optimal Positioning of the Inferior Vena Cava Cannula During Cardiac Surgery in Children. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:1260-1261. [PMID: 30655201 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Ing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz MedicalCampus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew Stone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Stone M, Brooks RJ. Continuum Regression: Cross-Validated Sequentially Constructed Prediction Embracing Ordinary Least Squares, Partial Least Squares and Principal Components Regression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stone M, Ing RJ. Transthoracic Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in Children: An Evolving Treatment Strategy as an Alternative to Open Surgical Repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:1267-1268. [PMID: 30217586 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard J Ing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Rushton J, Bruce M, Bellet C, Torgerson P, Shaw A, Marsh T, Pigott D, Stone M, Pinto J, Mesenhowski S, Wood P. Initiation of Global Burden of Animal Diseases Programme. Lancet 2018; 392:538-540. [PMID: 30152376 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | | | - Camille Bellet
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Paul Torgerson
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Marsh
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David Pigott
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- The World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Julio Pinto
- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paul Wood
- Independent Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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41
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Wilson C, Speight L, Ketchell R, Petit R, Lau D, Stone M, Farmer B, Duckers J. P209 Monitoring bone health in the All Wales Adult CF Centre (AWACFC). J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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42
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Park JM, Seo M, Jung CH, Grunwald D, Stone M, Otto NM, Toso E, Ahn Y, Kyba M, Griffin TJ, Higgins L, Kim DH. ULK1 phosphorylates Ser30 of BECN1 in association with ATG14 to stimulate autophagy induction. Autophagy 2018; 14:584-597. [PMID: 29313410 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1422851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ULK1 (unc51-like autophagy activating kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in regulating macroautophagy/autophagy induction in response to amino acid starvation. Despite the recent progress in understanding ULK1 functions, the molecular mechanism by which ULK1 regulates the induction of autophagy remains elusive. In this study, we determined that ULK1 phosphorylates Ser30 of BECN1 (Beclin 1) in association with ATG14 (autophagy-related 14) but not with UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated). The Ser30 phosphorylation was induced by deprivation of amino acids or treatments with Torin 1 or rapamycin, the conditions that inhibit MTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), and requires ATG13 and RB1CC1 (RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1), proteins that interact with ULK1. Hypoxia or glutamine deprivation, which inhibit MTORC1, was also able to increase the phosphorylation in a manner dependent upon ULK1 and ULK2. Blocking the BECN1 phosphorylation by replacing Ser30 with alanine suppressed the amino acid starvation-induced activation of the ATG14-containing PIK3C3/VPS34 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3) kinase, and reduced autophagy flux and the formation of phagophores and autophagosomes. The Ser30-to-Ala mutation did not affect the ULK1-mediated phosphorylations of BECN1 Ser15 or ATG14 Ser29, indicating that the BECN1 Ser30 phosphorylation might regulate autophagy independently of those 2 sites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BECN1 Ser30 is a ULK1 target site whose phosphorylation activates the ATG14-containing PIK3C3 complex and stimulates autophagosome formation in response to amino acid starvation, hypoxia, and MTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Man Park
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Minchul Seo
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA.,b Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Korea
| | - Douglas Grunwald
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Matthew Stone
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA.,d Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Neil Michael Otto
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Erik Toso
- c Department of Pediatrics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Yeseul Ahn
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- c Department of Pediatrics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Timothy J Griffin
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA.,d Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- d Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- a Department of Biochemistry , Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
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43
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Stone M, Rosenbloom D, Bacchetti P, Deng X, Busch M, Dimapasoc M, Keating S, Richman D, Mellors J, Deeks S, Siliciano J, Chomont N, Ptak R. Next generation viral outgrowth assays as proxies for classic QVOA to measure HIV-1 reservoir size. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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44
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Keating S, Stone M, Deng X, Mellors J, Bakkour S, Richman D, Gorelick R, Lifson J, Jennings C, Stengelin M, Wu G, Howell B, Bacchetti P, Busch M. Blinded evaluation of ultrasensitive assays of HIV in plasma. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Bakkour S, Keating S, Deng X, Stone M, Worlock A, Deeks S, Bacchetti P, Dimapasoc M, Lau J, Montalvo L, Hauenstein S, Richman D, Busch M. Replicate Aptima VL testing detects residual viremia in most ART-treated adults. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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46
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Fletcher J, Stone M, Chapple K. Inappropriate Decision-Making in Respect of Endoscopic Polypectomy Prior to Colorectal Cancer Resection. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Stone M, Eisenberg R, Shliozberg J. P181 17 year-old female with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as angioedema and eosinophilic pleural effusions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roberts J, Cameron J, Wall L, Wicks N, Hetzel P, Stone M. P77: STRENGTHENING ACCESS CRITERIA FOR IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN AUSTRALIA. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.77_13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Roberts
- National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
| | - J Cameron
- National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
| | - L Wall
- National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
| | - N Wicks
- National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
| | - P Hetzel
- Consultant to the National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
| | - M Stone
- National Blood Authority; Canberra Australia
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Garey L, Manning K, Jardin C, Leventhal AM, Stone M, Raines AM, Pang RD, Neighbors C, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A reevaluation of the psychometric properties across two independent samples of smokers. Psychol Assess 2017; 30:678-692. [PMID: 28782978 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug use outcome expectancies are a central construct to psychosocial theories of addictive disorders. In tobacco literature, the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a tool used to assess this construct. Despite its common use, the SCQ has received little psychometric evaluation. In the current report, samples from 2 studies were used to examine the assumed SCQ structure, develop a novel truncated scale, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the novel scale. In Study 1, the 4-factor SCQ structure was examined using data from 343 (32.4% female; Mage = 43.7; SD = 10.8) adult nontreatment-seeking smokers. Results from Study 1 indicated that the 4-factor SCQ structure did not adequately explain covariance between items. Instead, results provided evidence for a 5-factor structure that tapped into outcome expectancies related to (a) immediate negative consequences (IC), (b) long-term negative consequences (LTC), (c) sensory satisfaction (SS), (d) negative affect reduction, and (e) appetite-weight control (AW). In Study 2, the 5-factor structure of the SCQ was confirmed and the construct validity was evaluated in 582 (48.2% female; Mage = 36.9; SD = 13.5) treatment-seeking adult smokers. Study 2 found evidence for measurement invariance across sex and overtime of the 5-factor structure as well as substantial construct validity. Results from 2 independent samples challenge the traditional 4-factor model of the SCQ, and instead, provide evidence for a novel 5-factor SCQ structure with strong validity and reliability. Alternate scoring algorithms for the SCQ, including a 5-subscale scheme, warrant consideration to ensure optimal measurement precision and construct differentiation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam M Leventhal
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Matthew Stone
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | | | - Raina D Pang
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
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50
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Musso D, Richard V, Teissier A, Stone M, Lanteri MC, Latoni G, Alsina J, Reik R, Busch MP. Detection of Zika virus RNA in semen of asymptomatic blood donors. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:1001.e1-1001.e3. [PMID: 28711704 PMCID: PMC6016846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission through semen donation has never been reported but the risk is supported by the detection of ZIKV in semen and the demonstration of ZIKV sexual transmission. The potential impact of ZIKV on assisted reproductive procedures should be evaluated. Methods We tested longitudinally collected semen samples provided by asymptomatic blood donors who tested positive for ZIKV RNA in plasma during ZIKV outbreaks in Puerto Rico and Florida in 2016. Results Five of the 14 (35.7%) asymptomatic blood donors provided semen samples that tested positive for ZIKV RNA, with ZIKV RNA loads ranging from 8.03 × 103 to 2.55 × 106 copies/mL. Plasma collected at the same time as the semen tested negative for ZIKV RNA for most ZIKV RNA-positive semen collections; all corresponding plasma samples tested positive or equivocal for anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies and all except one tested positive for ZIKV IgM antibodies. The rate of detection of ZIKV RNA in semen in asymptomatic donors is not significantly different from the rate previously reported for symptomatic patients. Conclusions Our results that show a high percentage of detection of ZIKV RNA in the semen of asymptomatic men confirm that ZIKV is a new threat for reproductive medicine and should have important implications for assisted reproductive technology. We recommend that semen donations from men at risk for ZIKV infection should be tested for ZIKV RNA, regardless of symptoms of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Musso
- Pole de recherche et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - V Richard
- Pole de recherche et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - A Teissier
- Pole de recherche et de veille sur les maladies infectieuses émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - M Stone
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M C Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Latoni
- Banco de Sangre, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - J Alsina
- Banco de Sangre, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - R Reik
- One-Blood, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - M P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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