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Ansari WK, Parvej MS, El Zowalaty ME, Jackson S, Bustin SA, Ibrahim AK, El Zowalaty AE, Rahman MT, Zhang H, Khan MFR, Ahamed MM, Rahman MF, Rahman M, Nazir KHMNH, Ahmed S, Hossen ML, Kafi MA, Yamage M, Debnath NC, Ahmed G, Ashour HM, Masudur Rahman M, Noreddin A, Rahman MB. Surveillance, epidemiological, and virological detection of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in duck and poultry from Bangladesh. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:49-59. [PMID: 27599930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to pose a global threat. Waterfowl are the main reservoir and are responsible for the spillover of AIVs to other hosts. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Bangladesh and it reports on the serological and molecular detection of H5N1 AIV subtype. A total of 2169 cloacal and 2191 oropharyngeal swabs as well as 1725 sera samples were collected from live birds including duck and chicken in different locations in Bangladesh between the years of 2013 and 2014. Samples were tested using virus isolation, serological tests and molecular methods of RT-PCR. Influenza A viruses were detected using reverse transcription PCR targeting the virus matrix (M) gene in 41/4360 (0.94%) samples including both cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples, 31 of which were subtyped as H5N1 using subtype-specific primers. Twenty-one live H5N1 virus isolates were recovered from those 31 samples. Screening of 1,868 blood samples collected from the same birds using H5-specific ELISA identified 545/1603 (34%) positive samples. Disconcertingly, an analysis of 221 serum samples collected from vaccinated layer chicken in four districts revealed that only 18 samples (8.1%) were seropositive for anti H5 antibodies, compared to unvaccinated birds (n=105), where 8 samples (7.6%) were seropositive. Our result indicates that the vaccination program as currently implemented should be reviewed and updated. In addition, surveillance programs are crucial for monitoring the efficacy of the current poultry vaccinations programs, and to monitor the circulating AIV strains and emergence of AIV subtypes in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahedul Karim Ansari
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiullah Parvej
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- School of Health Sciences, KwaZulu Natal University, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA.
| | - Sally Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen A Bustin
- Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Adel K Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | | | - Md Mostakin Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sultan Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Liakot Hossen
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mat Yamage
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Bangladesh
| | - Nitish C Debnath
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Bangladesh
| | - Graba Ahmed
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Md Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman Noreddin
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618, USA
| | - Md Bahanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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