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Ramsay D, Steeves M, Feng C, Farag M. Protective and Risk Factors Associated With Youth Attitudes Toward Violence in Canada. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP871-NP895. [PMID: 29294960 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517736275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults are the main perpetrators and victims of violence in almost all parts of the world. Theories of human behavior predict that the intention to behave violently is formed in part by the individual's attitude toward violent behavior. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate factors which both promote and protect against violent youth attitudes in Toronto, Canada's largest urban center. Multinomial logit models were fit separately for males and females in Grades 7 to 9 using cross-sectional data from the 2006 International Youth Survey. Odds ratios were estimated for the associations between levels of attitude toward violence and select factors in each of the biological, familial, peer-related, school and community domains. A graded effect of school attachment on violent attitude was observed for both sexes; male and female students who do not like school at all are 9.89 (3.15-31.0) and 6.49 (2.19-19.2) times as likely as those who like school a lot to have the "most" versus "least" violent attitude, respectively. For every one-unit increase in (negative) perception of neighborhood score, male and female students are 1.15 (1.07-1.23) and 1.20 (1.12-1.28) times as likely to have the "most" versus "least" violent attitude. The number of victimization events was associated with attitude toward violence in males but not females, while the reverse was true for academic performance and exposure to prejudice. Our findings highlight the important relationships between connections to social environments and youth attitudes toward violence, and identify modifiable factors which may be amenable to intervention. Sex-specific differences in the predictors of violent youth attitudes warrant additional investigation and have implications for policy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Cindy Feng
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Yaghoubi M, Mansell K, Vatanparast H, Steeves M, Zeng W, Farag M. Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes-Related Complications and Their Association With Determinants Identified in Canada's Survey on Living With Chronic Diseases-Diabetes Component. Can J Diabetes 2019; 44:304-311.e3. [PMID: 31866239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes-related complications and the factors associated with them in Canadian patients with diabetes. METHODS Data from the 2011 Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases in Canada---Diabetes Component (SLCDC-DM-2011) were used to calculate the weighted prevalence of 16 diabetes-related complications. A multivariable, sex-stratified logistic regression model was used to examine the association between each diabetes-related complication and select determinants. RESULTS Among Canadian patients who self-reported having diabetes, 80.26% reported having at least 1 type of diabetes-related complication. The most frequently reported complications were high blood pressure (54.65%), cataracts (29.52%) and poor circulation (21.68%). Male patients were more associated to have at least 1 complication if they had an inappropriate body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 6.23) and had a high level of glycated hemoglobin (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.13), were older (OR, 6.92; 95% CI, 1.82 to 24.74) and had diabetes for a longer period of time (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.85). Among the female patients, a longer duration diabetes was found to have a significant association with complications (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.81). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that socioeconomic factors, including marital status, income and education, have a significant association with most types of complications. Our findings also confirm that low levels of physical activity and high levels of glycated hemoglobin were major determinants in many diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Kerry Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hassanali Vatanparast
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wu Zeng
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Dankwah E, Steeves M, Ramsay D, Feng C, Farag M. The relationship between sociodemographic factors and reporting having terminated a pregnancy among Ghanaian women: a population-based study. Int Health 2019; 10:333-339. [PMID: 29788477 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy termination is an illegal medical procedure in Ghana and 88% of induced abortions are performed in unsafe conditions, thus recipients face an elevated risk of abortion-related complications. This study aims to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors and reporting having terminated a pregnancy among Ghanaian women. Methods Logistic regression models were estimated using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (n=9396). ORs were computed for the associations between reporting pregnancy termination and select demographic and socio-economic factors. Results Education level, employment status, financial status and marital status of women are significantly associated with reporting having terminated a pregnancy. Conclusions Women who are employed, cohabit with a partner and are considered middle class or wealthy are more likely than their counterparts to report having terminated a pregnancy. Ghanaian women with intermediate levels of education are more likely than both their more- and less-educated counterparts to report having terminated a pregnancy. These findings highlight the need for the development of policies aimed at reducing unsafe abortions associated with unintended pregnancies. Specific recommendations include providing family planning education and outreach to high-risk groups to reduce unintended pregnancies and improving working conditions for expectant mothers, including provisions for paid maternity leave and job protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Dankwah
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cindy Feng
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Pswarayi H, Dankwah E, Kaur M, Okon I, Yaghoubi M, Qarmout T, Steeves M, Farag M. Provincial health expenditure and cardiovascular disease mortality, a panel data study of Canadian provinces. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 33:1071-1081. [DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manpreet Kaur
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Imaeyen Okon
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | | | - Tamer Qarmout
- School of Public Administration and Development EconomicsDoha Institute for Graduate Studies Qatar
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
- School of Public Administration and Development EconomicsDoha Institute for Graduate Studies Qatar
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Mansell K, Yaghoubi M, Vatanparast H, Steeves M, Zeng W, Farag M. Prevalence of Diabetes-Related Complications and Their Association with Determinants Identified in Canada's Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases—Diabetes Component (SLCDC-DM-2011). Can J Diabetes 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yaghoubi M, Mansell K, Vatanparastc H, Steeves M, Zeng W, Farag M. Effects of Pharmacy-Based Interventions on the Control and Management of Diabetes in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Diabetes 2018; 41:628-641. [PMID: 29224636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of pharmacy-based interventions on clinical outcomes associated with diabetes-related complications as well as on nonclinical outcomes in people with diabetes. METHODS We searched 4 main databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for studies that considered clinical and nonclinical outcomes of pharmacy-based interventions among people with diabetes. Clinical outcomes included patients' mean reductions of glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels and body mass indexes (BMIs). Nonclinical outcomes included patients' healthcare utilization and quality of life. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled net mean difference in clinical outcomes between the pharmacy-intervention and the control groups. RESULTS Of the 44 studies included in the systematic review, 32 studies reported results from randomized controlled trials measuring reductions of A1C levels in 4,132 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that the standardized absolute mean difference in reduction of A1C levels from baseline to the time of the last follow up significantly favoured the pharmacy intervention versus the control group (0.96%; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.22; p<0.001). Of the studies, 13 reported BMI kg/m2 in 1,827 patients. The estimation of standardized absolute mean difference in reduction of BMI unit calculated through meta-analysis was 0.61 (95% CI 0.20 to 1.03; p=0.000) in favour of the pharmacy-intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy-based interventions have significant positive effects on controlling 2 major risks factors associated with diabetes-related complications: A1C levels and BMI. However, there is a dearth of evidence about the effects of pharmacy-based intervention on nonclinical outcomes, including healthcare utilization and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Kerry Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wu Zeng
- Wu Zeng, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Bethune R, Absher N, Obiagwu M, Qarmout T, Steeves M, Yaghoubi M, Tikoo R, Szafron M, Dell C, Farag M. Social determinants of self-reported health for Canada's indigenous peoples: a public health approach. Public Health 2018; 176:172-180. [PMID: 29666024 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Canada, indigenous peoples suffer from a multitude of health disparities. To better understand these disparities, this study aims to examine the social determinants of self-reported health for indigenous peoples in Canada. STUDY DESIGN This study uses data from Statistics Canada's Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2012. METHODS Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine how selected social determinants of health are associated with self-reported health among off-reserve First Nations and Métis peoples in Canada. RESULTS Our analysis shows that being older, female, and living in urban settings were significantly associated with negative ratings of self-reported health status among the indigenous respondents. Additionally, we found that higher income and levels of education were strongly and significantly associated with positive ratings of self-reported health status. Compared with indigenous peoples with an education level of grade 8 or lower, respondents with higher education were 10 times (5.35-22.48) more likely to report 'excellent' and 'very good' health. Respondents who earned more than $40,000 annually were three times (2.17-4.72) more likely to report 'excellent' and 'very good' health compared with those who earned less than $20,000 annually. When interacted with income, we also found that volunteering in the community is associated with better self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS There are known protective determinants (income and education) and risk determinants (location of residence, gender, and age) which are associated with self-reported health status among off-reserve First Nations and Métis peoples. For indigenous-specific determinants, volunteering in the community appears to be associated with self-perceived health status. Thus, addressing these determinants will be necessary to achieve better health outcomes for indigenous peoples in Canada. Next steps include developing indigenous-specific social determinants of health indicators that adequately measure culture, connection, and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bethune
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - N Absher
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - M Obiagwu
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - T Qarmout
- School of Public Administration and Development Economics, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar.
| | - M Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - M Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - R Tikoo
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - M Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - C Dell
- College of Arts and Science, Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - M Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Cook JL, Green CR, de la Ronde S, Dell CA, Graves L, Morgan L, Ordean A, Ruiter J, Steeves M, Wong S. Screening and Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy: A Review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2018; 39:897-905. [PMID: 28935055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substance use during pregnancy has important implications for health care providers, policy makers, and can negatively impact a woman's health and the health of her children. Understanding trends, patterns of use and outcomes are critical to prevention campaigns, building awareness, and providing effective care. This review will discuss the current therapeutic approaches and recommendations for screening and patient management for substance use in pregnancy and during the postpartum period, and it is geared towards any care providers who care for patients or those who may care for patients who may be at risk for substance use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelynn L Cook
- The Society for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
| | - Courtney R Green
- The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | | | | | - Lisa Graves
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | | | - Alice Ordean
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto and St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Suzanne Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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9
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Yaghoubi M, Mansell K, Vatanparast H, Steeves M, Zeng W, Farag M. Effects Of Pharmacy-Based Interventions On The Control And Management Of Diabetes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Can J Diabetes 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Bonner WIA, Weiler R, Orisatoki R, Lu X, Andkhoie M, Ramsay D, Yaghoubi M, Steeves M, Szafron M, Farag M. Determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older and policy implications. Int J Equity Health 2017. [PMID: 28587654 DOI: 10.1186/s12939‐017‐0595‐x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived health status indicates people's overall perception of their health, including both physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2010). METHODS Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with self-perceived health in two age groups: Adults aged 65+ and Adults aged 40-64. RESULTS We found that higher income was significantly associated with better health status while chronic conditions and stress were associated with worse health status. In the 40-64 and 65+ age groups, individuals in the highest income bracket were 4.65 and 1.94 times, respectively, more likely to report better health than individuals in the lowest income bracket. The difference in the level of income associated health inequities between the two age groups point to the need for understanding the reasons behind lower inequities among seniors and how much the social protections provided by the Canadian government to seniors contribute to lowering inequities. CONCLUSIONS Though Canada has a national public health insurance system providing coverage to all Canadians, health inequities associated with income persist providing further evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health. Examining the extent of these inequities and what factors influence them helps direct policy attention. In addition to documenting inequities, this paper discusses policy options for reducing the identified inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ian Andrew Bonner
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert Weiler
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Rotimi Orisatoki
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xinya Lu
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
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Bonner WIA, Weiler R, Orisatoki R, Lu X, Andkhoie M, Ramsay D, Yaghoubi M, Steeves M, Szafron M, Farag M. Determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older and policy implications. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28587654 PMCID: PMC5461772 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived health status indicates people's overall perception of their health, including both physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2010). METHODS Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with self-perceived health in two age groups: Adults aged 65+ and Adults aged 40-64. RESULTS We found that higher income was significantly associated with better health status while chronic conditions and stress were associated with worse health status. In the 40-64 and 65+ age groups, individuals in the highest income bracket were 4.65 and 1.94 times, respectively, more likely to report better health than individuals in the lowest income bracket. The difference in the level of income associated health inequities between the two age groups point to the need for understanding the reasons behind lower inequities among seniors and how much the social protections provided by the Canadian government to seniors contribute to lowering inequities. CONCLUSIONS Though Canada has a national public health insurance system providing coverage to all Canadians, health inequities associated with income persist providing further evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health. Examining the extent of these inequities and what factors influence them helps direct policy attention. In addition to documenting inequities, this paper discusses policy options for reducing the identified inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ian Andrew Bonner
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Robert Weiler
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Rotimi Orisatoki
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Xinya Lu
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
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Holtslander L, Duggleby W, Teucher U, Cooper D, Bally JM, Solar J, Steeves M. Developing and pilot-testing a Finding Balance Intervention for older adult bereaved family caregivers: A randomized feasibility trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2016; 21:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Dell CA, Duncan CR, DesRoches A, Bendig M, Steeves M, Turner H, Quaife T, McCann C, Enns B. Back to the basics: identifying positive youth development as the theoretical framework for a youth drug prevention program in rural Saskatchewan, Canada amidst a program evaluation. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2013; 8:36. [PMID: 24148918 PMCID: PMC3874768 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-8-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite endorsement by the Saskatchewan government to apply empirically-based approaches to youth drug prevention services in the province, programs are sometimes delivered prior to the establishment of evidence-informed goals and objectives. This paper shares the 'preptory' outcomes of our team's program evaluation of the Prince Albert Parkland Health Region Mental Health and Addiction Services' Outreach Worker Service (OWS) in eight rural, community schools three years following its implementation. Before our independent evaluation team could assess whether expectations of the OWS were being met, we had to assist with establishing its overarching program goals and objectives and 'at-risk' student population, alongside its alliance with an empirically-informed theoretical framework. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was applied, beginning with in-depth focus groups with the OWS staff to identify the program's goals and objectives and targeted student population. These were supplemented with OWS and school administrator interviews and focus groups with school staff. Alignment with a theoretical focus was determined though a review of the OWS's work to date and explored in focus groups between our evaluation team and the OWS staff and validated with the school staff and OWS and school administration. RESULTS With improved understanding of the OWS's goals and objectives, our evaluation team and the OWS staff aligned the program with the Positive Youth Development theoretical evidence-base, emphasizing the program's universality, systems focus, strength base, and promotion of assets. Together we also gained clarity about the OWS's definition of and engagement with its 'at-risk' student population. CONCLUSIONS It is important to draw on expert knowledge to develop youth drug prevention programming, but attention must also be paid to aligning professional health care services with a theoretically informed evidence-base for evaluation purposes. If time does not permit for the establishment of evidence-informed goals and objectives at the start-up of a program, obtaining insight and expertise from program personnel and school staff and administrators can bring the program to a point where this can still be achieved and theoretical linkages made after a program has been implemented. This is a necessary foundation for measuring an intervention's success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Anne Dell
- Department of Sociology & School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Charles Randy Duncan
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrea DesRoches
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Melissa Bendig
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Holly Turner
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Terra Quaife
- College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chuck McCann
- Prince Albert Parkland Health Region, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brett Enns
- Prince Albert Parkland Health Region, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Abstract
Objectives: To compare demographic, social, medical, and health care characteristics of home care clients in the last year of life by quintile of deprivation and examine associations between material deprivation and service characteristics. Method: This retrospective study used administrative data for 700 clients who died while receiving home care services. Outcome measures were the receipt of supportive or palliative home care. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Result: Material deprivation was not associated with either the hours of home care received or the receipt of supportive home care services. Clients with dementia or stroke, those were older than 80 years and those who were single were less likely to receive palliative care services than other groups. Discussion: Inequalities in allocation of home care services based on age, diagnosis, and marital status, but not material deprivation, suggest the need to carefully match service with need at the end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josh Marko
- Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Steve Whitehead
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
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Buck CE, Clark MA, Debonneval MC, Ewing AA, Havey IM, Pomeroy C, Pierce KE, Randall M, Steeves M, Tattershall LM, Nelson SC, Tucker K. Record Forms for Public Health Nursing. Am J Public Health Nations Health 2008; 23:473-5. [PMID: 18013735 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.23.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Probst P, Skeiky YA, Steeves M, Gervassi A, Grabstein KH, Reed SG. A Leishmania protein that modulates interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and expression of B7-1 in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:2634-42. [PMID: 9368620 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830271024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
LeIF, a gene homologue of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A was first described as a leishmanial antigen that induced a Th1-type T cell response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from leishmaniasis patients. Moreover, the interferon (IFN)-gamma production by PBMC was found to be interleukin (IL)-12 dependent. Herein, we characterize the effects of LeIF on cytokine production and expression of surface molecules by normal human monocytes as well as by monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (MoDC). LeIF was a strong inducer of IL-12 and, to a lesser extent, of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in macrophages and MoDC. IL-12 production did not require CD40 triggering, confirming that the ability of LeIF to induce IL-12 was not mediated through an effect on T cells. However, addition of soluble CD40 ligand (L) synergistically augmented IL-12 production in macrophages and MoDC. The cytokine-inducing activity of LeIF is located in the N-terminal portion of the molecule and was both proteinase K sensitive and polymyxin B resistant. LeIF, lipopolysaccharide and fixed Staphylococcus aureus all induced comparable amounts of IL-12, validating the potent cytokine-inducing effects of LeIF. Moreover, of these stimuli, LeIF had the highest IL-12/IL-10 and IL-12/TNF-alpha ratio demonstrating the preference of LeIF for IL-12 induction. Studies investigating the expression of surface molecules showed that LeIF up-regulated B7-1 and CD54 (ICAM-1) on macrophages and MoDC. To our knowledge this is the first report describing IL-12 production, up-regulation of co-stimulatory and intercellular adhesion molecules by monocytic antigen-presenting cells in response to a protein from a pathogenic microorganism. These immunomodulatory characteristics of LeIF might be excellent properties for a Th1-type adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Probst
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Abstract
An encephalopathy developed in three infants in the intensive care unit after heavy sedation with midazolam and fentanyl for 4 to 11 days. The affected infants had poor social interaction, decreased visual attentiveness, dystonic postures, and choreoathetosis. Symptoms cleared completely in 5 days to 4 weeks. Retrospective review of records of all children treated in the intensive care unit with prolonged intravenous administration of midazolam revealed that 45 children could be assessed neurologically on withdrawal of sedation. Three children had definite and two had possible neurologic sequelae (5/45, 11.1%). All had received concomitant intravenous fentanyl therapy. Neurologic sequelae were significantly associated with young age, female gender, low serum albumin concentration, and concomitant administration of aminophylline. This encephalopathy may represent a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, a prolonged agonist action on the benzodiazepine receptor, or the combined effects of multiple toxic, metabolic, and infectious insults to the central nervous system of infants in the intensive care unit. Prolonged use of intravenous midazolam sedation necessitates careful dosing, monitoring, and discontinuation, particularly in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Health Center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Steeves M, Abdallah HY, Venkataramanan R, Burckart GJ, Ptachcinski RJ, Abu-Elmagd K, Jain AK, Fung F, Todo S, Starzl TE. In-vitro interaction of a novel immunosuppressant, FK 506, and antacids. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991; 43:574-7. [PMID: 1717676 PMCID: PMC3022501 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of selected antacids on the amount of FK 506 in solution in simulated gastric juice has been studied. FK 506 (2.5 mg) was incubated in 100 mL simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with the equivalent of 500 mg of various antacids. The addition of Mylanta and Tums resulted in 14 and 30% loss of FK 506, respectively, in 24 h; 98% loss was observed in 12 h in the presence of Mag-Ox; 100% loss was observed in the presence of magnesium oxide powder in 2 h. The loss of FK 506 from these solutions appears to be due to a pH mediated degradation of FK 506. The addition of aluminium hydroxide gel USP (Roxane) to the FK 506 solution resulted in a 35% loss within 2 min but no further loss was noted for 24 h, indicative of adsorption of FK 506. These results suggest that until additional in-vivo studies are carried out, it is prudent not to dose FK 506 and antacids at the same time to avoid potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steeves
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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