Comparison of the recurrence rate of different surgical techniques for oral mucocele: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

There are different surgical techniques to remove Oral mucoceles, including conventional surgery with scalpel, removal of the lesion with CO2 laser, and micro marsupialization. The present systematic review was conducted with the aim of comparing the recurrence rate of different surgical techniques for treatment of the oral mucoceles.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An electronic search for randomized controlled trials published in English until September 2022 related to different surgical methods for the treatment of oral mucocele was performed in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the recurrence rate of different techniques.

RESULTS

Among 1204 papers initially identified, after the removal of duplicate articles and screening of the titles and abstracts, fourteen full-text articles were reviewed. Seven articles comparing the recurrence rate of oral mucocele in different surgical techniques were found. Seven studies were included in qualitative studies, and five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of mucocele recurrence in the micro-marsupialization technique was 1.30 times that of the surgical excision with scalpel technique, which was not statistically significant. The risk of mucocele recurrence in the CO2 Laser Vaporization technique was 0.60 times that of the Surgical Excision with Scalpel technique, which was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this systematic review showed that there is no significant difference between the recurrence rate of surgical excision, CO2 laser and marsupialization techniques for the treatment of oral mucoceles. Although more randomized clinical trials are needed for definitive results.

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpes Virus-1 in Dairy Cattle Herds in Fars Province, Southern Iran: Seroprevalence and Evaluation of Risk Factors

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) have been known as the major pathogens with significant economic consequences on the cattle industry worldwide, including in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, the seroprevalences of BVDV and BHV-1 and their associated risk factors were investigated in dairy cattle farms of Fars province, Iran, where with 0.4 million head of cattle, mainly crossbred, is ranked the first in cow population in southern Iran. A total number of 420 cattle in 18 herds were randomly selected from three geographical regions (140 samples from each of the north, central, and south regions) and their serum samples were analyzed to detect antibodies to these viruses using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate associations between risk factors and the seroprevalence of viruses. The overall seroprevalence rates for BVDV and BHV-1 were estimated at 91.67% and 77.87% at the herd level and 55.48% and 39.76% at the animal level, respectively. The only significant factor associated with the seroprevalence of both viruses at the herd level was found to be the literacy level of farmers (P<0.05). The significant risk factors for both viruses in cattle were identified as geographical region, age, and breeding method by the univariate analysis (P<0.05), while gender and farming system were determined as risk factors only for BHV-1 (P<0.001). A significant relationship of concurrent infection with BVDV and BHV-1 (φ=0.268, P<0.001) was recorded, and 28.6% of sera had antibodies to both viruses. The results of the present study demonstrated that BVDV and BHV-1 had a wide distribution in dairy cattle herds in southern Iran and highlighted the need for intensive surveillance and control strategies to reduce the risk of the spread of these viruses.

Estimating the prevalence and incidence of treated type 2 diabetes using prescription data as a proxy: A stepwise approach on Iranian data

AIMS

Type 2 diabetes is a serious health challenge, and large-scale studies on its prevalence in Iran are lacking. In pharmacoepidemiology, case-finding can be done by reviewing the prescription databases for specific drug(s) prescribed for a disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Fars province, Iran, using prescription data and a stepwise approach to ascertain the results.

METHODS

A dataset of 3,113 insured individuals aged ≥35 years were selected. Their Prescription Data Centre records were reviewed for all drugs frequently used in controlling type 2 diabetes available in the Iranian pharmacopeia. Then we used a stepwise method for case-finding. In step one, each individual with a positive drug history for type 2 diabetes was labeled as an individual with diabetes. The next two steps were implemented for ascertainment of step one estimations.

RESULTS

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes based on prescription, internist opinion, and phone call verification in 2015 and 2016 was 9.3% and 10.3%, 8.5% and 9.8%, and 7.2% and 8.7%, respectively. An incidence of 1.9% was determined for 2016.

CONCLUSIONS

We obtained a realistic estimation of prevalence and incidence of treated type 2 diabetes, using prescription data which are large-scale, low cost, and real-time.

Preoperative Smoking Cessation and its Association with Postoperative Complications and Length of Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Herniorrhaphy

BACKGROUND

To assess the effect of preoperative smoking cessation on postoperative complications in patients undergoing herniorrhaphy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective study was conducted on 163 consecutive patients, undergoing herniorrhaphy. Demographic characteristics and postoperative complications were compared between smokers (group A), patients who reduced smoking by 50% (group B), and patients who completely quit smoking (group C).

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 42.9 (SD=10.3) years. Group A (n=77), group B (n=27), and group C (n=59) were not significantly different in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), medical history, laboratory data, smoking habit, type of hernia, type of anesthesia, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, repair method, surgery approach, and duration surgery (P>0.05 for all). However, significant differences were observed between group B and group A, group C and group A, and group C and group B regarding postoperative complications, such as wound healing complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) (P<0.05 for all).

CONCLUSION

Decreased preoperative smoking is associated with the reduced risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and wound healing complications and decreased LOS in patients undergoing herniorrhaphy.

Characterization of G protein β subunit expression of human brain Glioma tumor

Proteome indicates the protein content of a genome. Proteome analysis is effective in a new system formulation and prediction, prevention, and treatment based on protein. One of the purposes of proteomics researches is to know and understand the cancer mechanism. In this study, we separated the proteins by the Two-Dimensional Electrophorese method and analyzed and compared protein spots by statistical and software data. The spots were separated and identified by the proteins' Isoelectric PH differences, molecular weights, and data bank. In continuation, the protein profiles were clustered by MALDI-TOF-TOF and the main element was identified and confirmed. We have used site PhosphoSitePlus® to review post-translational modifications. The findings indicated that the G protein Beta subunit rate increased in the astrocytoma, oligodendroglia, and glioblastoma cerebral malignant tumors. The βγ complex formation may prevent and activates many paths of cellular growth. The βγ complex activity control of the changes after the conversion parallel to GTPase activity of this α subunit may be a formulation mechanism for the G signal path (Tab. 5, Fig. 4, Diagram 2, Ref. 29). Keywords: glioma, G protein β subunit, proteomics.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its related factors in office workers of Minab Health centers by ROSA Technique

Introduction: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is high among office workers. One of the most important risk factors of these disorders is awkward posture and inappropriate environmental conditions. So, this study was carried out to determine frequency of MSDS and its related risk factors among the office workers of Minab city healthcare centers in 2018. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 staff in Minab city health care centers. Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was applied to determine the prevalence of MSDs and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method was used for posture analysis. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Excel software was used to plot the graph. Results: The highest prevalence rates of MSDs were reported in low back (63.5%), neck (51.9%) and upper back (50%). There was no significant difference between MSDs and age, sex and BMI (P˃0.05) but there was a significant relationship with work experience (P˂0.05). Totally, 36.6% of employees were placed in the first priority of corrective actions (i.e. the need for ergonomic interventions as soon as possible). There was a significant correlation between awkward posture and neck pain (P <0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of MSDS in health center office workers was high and neck pain was related to awkward posture.

The Bayesian Virtual Epileptic Patient: A probabilistic framework designed to infer the spatial map of epileptogenicity in a personalized large-scale brain model of epilepsy spread

Despite the importance and frequent use of Bayesian frameworks in brain network modeling for parameter inference and model prediction, the advanced sampling algorithms implemented in probabilistic programming languages to overcome the inference difficulties have received relatively little attention in this context. In this technical note, we propose a probabilistic framework, namely the Bayesian Virtual Epileptic Patient (BVEP), which relies on the fusion of structural data of individuals to infer the spatial map of epileptogenicity in a personalized large-scale brain model of epilepsy spread. To invert the individualized whole-brain model employed in this study, we use the recently developed algorithms known as No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS) as well as Automatic Differentiation Variational Inference (ADVI). Our results indicate that NUTS and ADVI accurately estimate the degree of epileptogenicity of brain regions, therefore, the hypothetical brain areas responsible for the seizure initiation and propagation, while the convergence diagnostics and posterior behavior analysis validate the reliability of the estimations. Moreover, we illustrate the efficiency of the transformed non-centered parameters in comparison to centered form of parameterization. The Bayesian framework used in this work proposes an appropriate patient-specific strategy for estimating the epileptogenicity of the brain regions to improve outcome after epilepsy surgery.

Association between XPO5 rs11077 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 7284 cases and 8511 controls

AIM

Several studies evaluated the association between rs11077 polymorphism located in the 3'UTR of the XPO5 gene and cancer susceptibility. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of XPO5 rs11077 polymorphism on cancer risk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The online databases were searched for relevant case-control studies published up to July 2018. 15 articles of 16 studies, with totally 7284 cancer cases and 8511 healthy controls, were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The data were extracted from the eligible studies and were processed using Stata 14.1 and Revman 5.3 software. Pooled estimates of odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of association between XPO5 rs11077 and cancer risk.

RESULTS

Overall, our finding showed no significant association between XPO5 rs11077 variant and overall cancer risk, either performed subgroup analysis by cancer types and ethnic groups in all genetic model.

CONCLUSION

The findings did not support an association between rs11077 variant and cancer risk. Due to small sample sizes particularly in stratified analysis, further large-scale well designed studies between this polymorphism and cancer risk are warranted.

Antibacterial activity and sensory properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil, nisin, and Lactobacillus acidophilus against Listeria monocytogenes in cheese

AIM

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and chemical effect of Heracleum persicum essential oil (EO), nisin, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and their combination against Listeria monocytogenes both in vitro and in Iranian white cheese model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chemical compositions of H. persicum EO were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After production of Iranian white cheese, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of EO and nisin and agar spot test of L. acidophilus against L. monocytogenes were evaluated.

RESULTS

Hexyl butanoate (25.98%), octyl isobutyrate (17.82%), methyl butyrate (14.37%), and pentyl cyclopropane (12.77%) were the main components of the EO. MIC of the EO against L. monocytogenes was 2.5 mg/mL. Combination of nisin (5.3 IU/mL) and H. persicum EO (2500 µg/mL) showed increasing effect against L. monocytogenes (fractional inhibitory concentration = 0.9), while a higher concentration of EO and nisin showed undesirable effect on the cheese flavor. Furthermore, a combination of 1012 CFU/g L. acidophilus with H. persicum EO at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (T12) showed acceptable sensorial and also antibacterial results in Iranian white cheese.

CONCLUSION

Combination of H. persicum EO, L. acidophilus, and nisin can be recommended as natural preservatives and flavoring agents in cheese.

Probiotic white cheese production using coculture with Lactobacillus species isolated from traditional cheeses

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the viability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cheeses and cocultured in Iranian white cheese during ripening.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 24 samples were isolated from 8 types of traditional cheeses in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Isolated species were cocultured with starter bacteria during the production of Iranian white cheese, and their viability was investigated up to 60 days of the refrigerated storage.

Results:

Of 118 isolates of Lactobacillus, 73 isolates (62%) were confirmed as facultative heterofermentative and 45 isolates (38%) as obligate homofermentative. Of the facultative heterofermentatives, 28 isolates (24%) were Lactobacillus plantarum, 24 isolates (20%) were Lactobacillus casei, and 21 isolates (18%) were Lactobacillus agilis. Obligate homofermentatives were Lactobacillus delbrueckii (21%), Lactobacillus helveticus (14%), and Lactobacillus salivarius (3%). L. plantarum, L. casei and L. helveticus were found in high enough levels(10⁶ CFU/g).

Conclusion:

According to the obtained data, it is recommended that complex starters such as L. helveticus, L. plantarum, and L. casei can be used in industrial productions of cheese to obtain exclusive properties of traditional cheeses.

The role of microRNAs in different types of thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis to find new miRNA supplementary therapies

The most common endocrine malignancy is thyroid cancer, and researchers have made a great deal of progress in deciphering its molecular mechanisms in the recent years. Many of molecular changes observed in thyroid cancer can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets for treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important parts in biological and metabolic pathways such as regulation of developmental stages, signal transduction, cell maintenance, and differentiation. Therefore, their dysregulation can expose individuals to malignancies. It has been proved that miRNA expression is dysregulated in different types of tumors, like thyroid cancers, and can be the cause of tumor initiation and progression. In this paper, we have reviewed the available data on miRNA dysregulation in different thyroid tumors including papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinomas aiming to introduce the last updates in miRNAs-thyroid cancer relation.

Type 2 diabetes remission 2 years post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: the role of the weight loss and comparison of DiaRem and DiaBetter scores

AIMS

The comparative efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy on Type 2 diabetes remission and the role of weight loss are unclear. The DiaRem diabetes remission prediction score uses HbA_1c , age and diabetes medications but not diabetes duration. The aim of this study was to compare the DiaRem with the DiaBetter score that includes diabetes duration, upon combined (complete plus partial) 2-year post-surgery diabetes remission in people following RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy, and to investigate the relationship between weight loss and diabetes remission.

METHODS

A retrospective single-centre cohort study of obese people with diabetes who underwent RYGB (107) or sleeve gastrectomy (103) and a validation cohort study (173) were undertaken. Diabetes remission, % weight loss, DiaRem, DiaBetter scores and areas under receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. The relationship between % weight loss and diabetes remission was investigated using logistic regression.

RESULTS

The proportion of people achieving diabetes remission was highest for those with the lowest DiaBetter and DiaRem scores. Areas under the ROC curves were comparable [DiaBetter: 0.867 (95%CI: 0.817-0.916); DiaRem: 0.865 (95%CI: 0.814-0.915), P=0.856]. Two-year % weight loss was higher post RYGB [26.6 (95%CI: 24.8-28.4)] vs post-sleeve gastrectomy [20.6 (95%CI: 18.3-22.8), P<0.001]. RYGB had 151% higher odds of diabetes remission [OR 2.51 (95%CI: 1.12-5.60), P=0.025]. This association became non-significant when adjusted for % weight loss.

CONCLUSION

DiaBetter and DiaRem scores predict diabetes remission following both procedures. Two-year % weight loss plays a key role in determining diabetes remission.

Characterization of the interaction between human serum albumin and diazinon via spectroscopic and molecular docking methods

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a soluble blood protein which binds to small molecules (such as drugs and toxins) and transfers them within the blood circulation. In this research, the interaction of diazinon, as a toxic organophosphate, with HSA was investigated. Various biophysical methods such as fluorescence, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular docking were utilized to characterize the binding properties of diazinon to HSA under physiological-like condition. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed that the absorption increased and the fluorescence intensity of HSA decreased regularly with regard to the gradual increases of the concentrations of diazinon. Due to the binding constant of ( ka = 3.367 × 10+4 M−1), the α-helix structure for the first day and 35 days of incubation were obtained 66.09–55.4% and 59.99–46.48%, respectively, and their amounts in other secondary structures (β-sheet, β-anti, and random (r) coils) were increased. The molecular docking revealed a good binding site in HSA (Trp-214) for diazinon which was related to the considerable alterations in HSA secondary and tertiary structures. There is a close relationship between the secondary structure of protein and its biological activity and after 35 days of incubation, the high toxic concentrations of diazinon can make HSA to be partially unfolded and lose its structure.

Outcome of surgery in patients with giant retinal tear: 10 years experience

PurposeTo present our experience with the surgery in retinal detachment (RD) associated with giant retinal tear (GRT) over 10 years in a tertiary referral hospital.Patients and MethodsIn this retrospective study, the charts of all patients with the diagnosis of RD associated with GRT who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2015 at Rassoul Akram Hospital were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were concomitant presence of diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. All patients had to have at least 3 months of follow up. The success rate and factors associated with repeated surgery were determined.ResultsSixty two eyes of 61 patients including 51 males and 10 females were assessed. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was present in 14 (22.6%) of eyes. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone was performed in 44 eye (71.0%) and simultaneous vitrectomy and phacoemulsification surgery was performed in 18 eyes (29.0%). An encircling episcleral band was placed in 7 eyes (11.3%). Anatomic success after one vitrectomy procedure was achieved in 45 eyes (72.58%) and ultimately in 61 eyes (98.4%) at last follow up. Seventeen eyes needed repeated PPV due to redetachment associated with PVR in the follow up period. The rate of repeated PPV was significantly higher in eyes with PVR at baseline and surgery with encircling episcleral band. Trauma, extension of tear, age, and lens status had no significant effect on the rate of repeated PPV.ConclusionsOur study shows that the high surgical success can be achieved in patients with RD associated with GRT with single or multiple surgeries.

Detection Mutations of JAK2 exon 12 in Patients with JAK2 (V617F)-negative Myeloproliferative Disorders

BACKGROUND

Mutations in exon 12 of JAK2 gene are detected as clonal markers in hematopoietic lineages in myeloproliferative disorders (MPNs). Our aim was, to study the relation between N542-E543del mutation of JAK2 gene and myeloproliferative neoplasms in V617Fnegative patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

DNA specimen from 34 patients and 44 healthy controls were genotyped using ARMs- PCR method. We analyzed exon 12 JAK2 aberration in 34 myeloproliferative cases to be readily detected by both ARMS-PCR and DNA analysis regardless of whether peripheral blood or bone marrow cells was manipulated as the origin of RNA.

RESULTS

In this case-control study, there was no significant difference in Pearson chi square analysis between the patients and control groups in genotype distribution of the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism rs7869668 of JAK2 exon 12 (P > 0.05). Also, gene detection finding showed that the patients were negative of JAK2-V617F mutation.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Present finding on a small number of patients diagnosed of various categories of MPDs revealed and needs more investigation and data for the prevalence and the incidence of the JAK2-V617F mutation. However, the clinical and genotyping of finding a disorder and non-significant correlation between patients and control group in this study in such a small fraction of the patients is unknown.

Assessment of global ischemic/reperfusion and Tacrolimus administration on CA1 region of hippocampus: gene expression profiles of BAX and BCL2 genes

BACKGROUND

It is well known that hippocampus has a pivotal role in learning, formation and consolidation of memory. Global cerebral ischemia causes severe damage to pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region and usually results in residual neurological deficits following a recovery from ischemia. Scientists investigate to find the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and to use this cell death for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE

In this investigation, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of FK-506 in apoptosis using gene expression quantification of BAX and BCL-2 genes in hippocampus following global ischemic/reperfusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the present experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were obtained and housed under standard conditions. Each experimental group consisted of five rats and was equally distributed in the normal control, ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion followed by FK-506. Global ischemia was induced for animals in ischemia and drug groups. In the drug group, moreover, two doses of FK-506 were injected as IV injection and intra-peritoneal (IP) injection after 48 h. Then, hippocampus tissue was removed. Consequently, RNA isolated, cDNA was synthesized and Real-Time PCR was performed. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed statistically (p<0.05).

RESULTS

The quantitative results showed the BAX expression ratio increased approximately 3-times in ischemia/reperfusion (3.11 ± 0.28) group compared to the untreated (NR) and the drug group (p<0.001). The statistical analysis showed a significant difference for BCL-2 expression between the experimental groups (p<0.001). The mRNA level of BCL-2 decreased in the ischemia/reperfusion group, while it was without alteration in the other groups.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced BAX as pro-apoptotic gene and tacrolimus a neuroprotective drug inhibited BAX gene expression and induced BCL-2 gene expression as anti-apoptotic gene (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 21).

PCR-RFLP diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania species causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis and evaluation of treatment times with glucantime in these patients

Antimony compounds are first line treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The prognosis of the disease varies depending on the type of medicine and species. We aimed to determine the species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients referred to Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center in Isfahan and Bam Health Center (Kerman) in order to follow and assess the complete healing of the lesions. A total of 40 skin lesions samples were collected from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) form January 2014 to 2015. Dermal scrapings were analyzed by examination of Giemsa-stained smears. Parasites were cultured and isolated in NNN and RPMI 1640 medium and DNA was extracted. We used PCR-RFLP assays of ITS1 genes for direct identification of Leishmania species. Treatment process was assessed after a treatment period with glucantime and healing of the studied cases was followed up. All the samples from Isfahan and Bam regions were L. major and L. tropica species respectively. In patients infected with L. major and L. tropica treated with glucantime, the shortest healing period was 40 days in 5(25%) and 60 days in 3(15.8%) patients, respectively and the longest healing period was 100 days in 1 (5%) and 160 days in 1 (5.3%) patient, respectively. The mean complete healing periods in patients with L. tropica and L. major were 100 and 58 days, respectively (P<0.001). Average recovery period for people with dry cutaneous leishmaniasis is longer than average recovery period for people with wet cutaeous leishmaniasis.

ERBB4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer in a sample of Iranian Population

Genetic polymorphisms in ERBB4 are thought to be associated with cancer susceptibility. In the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of ERBB4 rs12052398 T>C, rs13393577 A>G, rs13424871 A>T, rs16847082 A>G and rs6147150 (12-bp I/D) polymorphisms on risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in a sample of Iranian population. In a case-control study, we enrolled 169 patients with pathologically confirmed PCa and 182 subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). No significant association was found among ERBB4 polymorphisms and risk of PCa. Subjects carrying TT/AA/AA/AG/ID, TC/AA/AA/AA/II, TT/AA/AT/AA/II and TT/AA/AT/AG/ID genotypes are associated with a decreased risk of PCa. Our findings suggest that haplotypes CAAAI and TAAAD (rs12052398, rs13393577, rs13424871, rs16847082 and rs6147150I) of the ERBB4 polymorphisms are associated with a significantly lower risk of PCa. Further studies with a larger sample sizes and diverse ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.

HPV16 L2 improves HPV16 L1 gene delivery as an important approach for vaccine design against cervical cancer

BACKGROUND

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV16 is the most dominant high-risk types of HPV worldwide. L1 and L2 are the major and minor capsid proteins of HPV, respectively. Both proteins are able to self-assemble as a virus-like particle (VLP).

METHODS

In the current study, the human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with the plasmid DNA encoding HPV 16 L1 or L1-L2 genes and their expression was compared using different transfection reagents.

RESULTS

Our data showed that the recombinant L1-L2 DNAs were expressed in a high efficiency compared to L1 DNAs as detected by western blotting, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, Lipofectamine and Turbofect as the transfection reagents conferred more potent delivery than PEI 25 kDa indicating high toxicity of this system on HEK-293 cells. These results suggest the use of the full length of L2 as an efficient agent for overcoming the cell barriers and poor uptake of DNA in vitro and in vivo.

CONCLUSION

The high expression of HPV16 L1-L2 in HEK-293 cells using different delivery systems opens the way for new studies concerning to the use of L2 for DNA delivery via covalent linkage with the gene of interest (Fig. 5, Ref. 20).

miR-608 rs4919510 C>G polymorphism decreased the risk of breast cancer in an Iranian subpopulation

AIM

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as oncogene or tumor suppressors. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNAs potentially can alter miRNA-binding sites on target genes as well as affecting miRNAs expression. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-608 rs4919510 C>G variant on breast cancer (BC) risk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This case-control study conducted on 160 women with BC and 192 age-matched healthy women. Genotyping of miR-608 rs4919510 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that GC genotype significantly decreased the risk of BC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.88, p = 0.018) compared to CC genotype. Furthermore the G allele decreased the risk of BC (OR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.30-0.92, p = 0.024). No significant association was found between miR-609 genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients (p >0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate that miR-608 polymorphism might be associated with decreased risk of BC in an Iranian subpopulation. Further large-scale studies with different ethnicities are needed to verify our findings.

Association of SHMT1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a sample of Iranian population

The enzymes serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) regulate key reaction in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. In the current study we aimed to examine the possible association between SHMT1 gene polymorphisms and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a sample of Iranian population. The rs9901160, rs2273027, rs9909104, rs1979277, and rs11868708 gene polymorphisms of SHMT1 were genotyped in 120 children diagnosed with ALL and 120 healthy children by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that rs9901160, rs2273027 as well as rs1979277 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of childhood ALL (P<0.05). While, rs9909104 polymorphism significantly decreased the ALL risk (P<0.05). The rs11868708 variant was not associated with risk/protection of childhood ALL (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that the polymorphisms of SHMT1 gene are associated with childhood ALL risk in a sample of Iranian population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.

Association study of hsa-mir-603 rs11014002 polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in a sample of Iranian population

Accumulated evidence have proposed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) are connected to breast cancer (BC) risk. We have done a case-control study with 258 BC patients and 209 control women to examine the potential association of Hsa-mir-603 rs11014002 C>T polymorphisms with BC susceptibility. The polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings showed that the rs11014002 C>T variant was not associated with an increased risk of BC in codominant (OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.42-1.08, P=0.121, CT vs CC; and OR=0.18, 95%CI=0.02-1.67, P=0.170, TT vs CC), dominant (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.41-1.01, P=0.062, CT+TT vs CC), and recessive (OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.02-1.81, P=0.178, TT vs CC+CT) inheritance models tested. While, the T allele significantly decreased the risk of BC (OR= 0.63; 95% CI =0.41-0.95; P=0.032) compared to C allele. In conclusion, the findings indicated that Mir603 rs11014002 T allele might contribute to decrease the risk of BC in a sample of Iranian population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are warranted to confirm our findings.

Association of polymorphisms in PRKCI gene and risk of prostate cancer in a sample of Iranian Population

The atypical protein kinase C iota (aPKCι) is an oncoprotein encoded by the PRKCI gene. It has been reported to play multifunctional roles in cellular maintenance, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present study we aimed to assess the impact of PRKCI rs546950 C>T and rs4955720 C>A polymorphisms on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of Iranian population. This case-control study was done on 169 patients with pathologically confirmed PCa and 182 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The PCR-RFLP method was used for detection rs546950 C>T and rs4955720 C>A polymorphisms. Our findings showed that rs546950 polymorphism of PRKCI decreased the risk of PCa in codominant (OR=0.35, 95%CI=0.19-0.64, P<0.001, CT vs CC) and dominant (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.22-0.69, P=0.001, CT+TT vs CC) inheritance model tested. No significant association was found between rs4955720 C>A polymorphism and PCa. In the combined analysis of these two variants subjects carrying CT/CC, CT/CA, TT/AA and CT/AA significantly decreased the risk of PCa in comparison with rs546950 CC/rs4955720 CC genotype. Haplotype analysis indicated that rs546950T/rs4955720A decreased the risk of PCa compared to CC. In conclusion, the results revealed that PRKCI rs546950 variant decreased the risk of PCa in an Iranian population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are required to confirm our findings.

Generation and characterization of chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against TNFR1

TNF is from a big family of cytokines with different activities in different parts of the body. Among the various activities of TNFR1, induction of apoptosis by a receptor appears to be an attractive and promising one. This can be achieved through the death domain of the receptor in cells that are stimulated by ligand, to induce apoptosis. Activation of the receptor occurs through its occupation by ligands or its antagonists such as antibodies. Several kinds of antibodies, including antibodies of mammals and birds are used in the research and therapy field. Avian antibodies are highly regarded which is due to the many positive characteristics they have. Firstly, total protein of TNFR1 was cloned. Blood sampling was performed, white blood cell separation, extraction of RNA and at cDNA synthesis. After making sure from synthesis of cDNA, it was used as template for PCR reaction. The cloned fragment in the prokaryotic expression vector, pET28a, transferred to prokaryotic host, BL21(DE3) and the protein (TNFR1) expressed. After protein purification by affinity column were injected to immunize the chickens. Interestingly, antibodies purified from egg yolk of immunized chickens, in ELISA assay showed sufficient specificity. Such antibodies could able to ensure quick and immediate protection against several biotargets (Fig. 4, Ref. 37).

Dapagliflozin-induced weight loss affects 24-week glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure levels

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dapagliflozin-mediated reductions in body weight and reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure. Data were pooled from seven studies evaluating dapagliflozin 10 mg as monotherapy or combination therapy over 24 weeks. Using linear regression to estimate the contribution of weight loss to HbA1c and blood pressure reductions, the β-value estimate for HbA1c (%)/kg was 0.028 (p < 0.0001). Weight loss of 2 kg with dapagliflozin contributed to 6% of the total HbA1c reduction. For systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the β-value (mmHg/kg) estimates were 0.606 (p < 0.0001) and 0.253 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Weight loss of 2 kg contributed to 28% of the overall SBP reduction, and 24% of the overall DBP reduction. In conclusion, dapagliflozin-mediated weight loss may contribute to overall reductions in HbA1c and blood pressure.

Rare chromosome structural aberration characterizing oncology malignancy

Ring chromosome aberration are rare abnormality potentially involving any chromosome in patients diagnosing in Oncology. The present review and case study has focused on the ring chromosome associated with oncology malignancies.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An electronic peer review article search was performed systematically to obtain relevant literature with the CINAHL, Google scholar, and Pub Med databases. The keywords included marker, abnormalities, structural, Ring chromosome. The inclusion criteria for the review were that the documents were original quantitative research and published in English. This was also initiated using Medline, Mitelman database (http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman), Danish cytogenetic register and other pertinent web references on ring chromosomes in Oncology malignancies. Articles that were not directly relevant to the present objective were excluded. Also the un-stimulated bone marrow specimen of present case manipulated with Methotrexate cells culture synchronization and finally was treated by GTGbanding technique.

RESULTS

Ring chromosome was observed in 10% of the total cells. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated apparently ring (15) 46, XY, r(15) karyotype. The clinical findings revealed history of nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, night sweats, and a weight loss, anemia and diagnosed as accelerated CML.

CONCLUSION

Our finding adds to the spectrum of both morphology and genetic rearrangements in oncology malignancies. Additional future analyses in similar subject will be necessary to draw firm conclusions.

Proteomics analysis of human brain glial cell proteome by 2D gel

INTRODUCTION

Proteomics is increasingly employed in both neurological and oncological research, and applied widely in every area of neuroscience research including brain cancer. Astrocytomas are the most common glioma and can occur in most parts of the brain and occasionally in the spinal cord. Patients with high-grade astrocytomas have a life expectancy of <1 year even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We extracted proteins from tumors and normal brain tissues and then evaluated the protein purity by Bradford test and spectrophotometry method. In this study, we separated proteins by the two-dimensional (2DG) gel electrophoresis method, and the spots were analyzed and compared using statistical data.

RESULTS

On each analytical 2D gel, an average of 800 spots was observed. In this study, 164 spots exhibited up-regulation of expression level, whereas the remaining 179 spots decreased in astrocytoma tumor relative to normal tissue. RESULTS demonstrate that functional clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) has considerable merits in aiding the interpretation of proteomic data. Proteomics is a powerful tool in identifying multiple proteins that are altered following a neuropharmacological intervention in a disease of the central nervous system (CNS).

CONCLUSION

2-D gel and cluster analysis have important roles in the diagnostic management of astrocytoma patients, providing insight into tumor biology. The application of proteomics to CNS research has invariably been very successful in yielding large amounts of data.

Scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal proliferation

PURPOSE

To evaluate the outcome of scleral buckling surgery in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with subretinal proliferation.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, a chart review of all patients with RRD associated with subretinal proliferation who were primarily treated with scleral buckling procedure, from April 2007 to April 2014, was undertaken. Main outcome measures were anatomical retinal reattachment and visual acuity.

RESULTS

Forty-four eyes of 43 patients including 24 males and 19 females with a mean age of 26.5±13.1 years were evaluated. Immediately after the surgery, retina was reattached in all eyes. However, five eyes (11.3%) needed additional surgery for retinal redetachment. Single surgery anatomical success rate was 88.7%. Four eyes (9.1%), needed pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of redetachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and scleral buckle revision surgery was successfully performed in the other eye. Best corrected visual acuity improved from 1.5±0.9 logMAR before surgery to 1.1±0.7 logMAR after surgery (P<0.001). An improvement in BCVA of >2 lines was found in 23 eyes (52.2%) and worsening of best corrected visual acuity of >2 lines was observed in 2 eyes (4.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

Scleral buckling surgery is highly successful in eyes with RRD associated with subretinal proliferation.

Changes in weight loss-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin

AIMS

This study evaluated change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) associated with ongoing weight change among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion and is associated with body weight reductions.

METHODS

Patients with T2DM who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin (MET) alone were enrolled in a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with a 78-week extension to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin + MET on body weight. Patients also completed the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes Weight Questionnaire-9 (SHIELD-WQ-9), a weight change-related HRQOL survey. Difference in proportions of patients treated with dapagliflozin 10 mg + MET (n = 89) or placebo + MET (n = 91) who reported improvement in HRQOL was analysed with Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS

Dapagliflozin patients had significantly greater weight loss than placebo patients over 102 weeks (p < 0.05). This corresponded to a numerically greater proportion of dapagliflozin-treated patients reporting ongoing weight loss and associated improvements in most HRQOL domains at three different evaluation points (weeks 24, 50 and 102) than placebo-treated patients. In a post-hoc analysis among patients who reported ongoing weight loss regardless of treatment arm, a significantly greater proportion of patients reporting weight loss versus weight gain reported improvements in physical health, self-esteem and overall HRQOL at weeks 24, 50 and 102.

CONCLUSIONS

Dapagliflozin-induced weight loss was associated with improvement in overall HRQOL. Overall, ongoing weight loss was associated with improvements in several HRQOL domains compared with weight gain.

Intrasilicone oil injection of bevacizumab at the end of retinal reattachment surgery for severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE

To evaluate the role of bevacizumab injected into the silicone oil at the end of retinal reattachment surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) for prevention of postoperative PVR and compare the results with those without intrasilicone injection.

METHODS

In this prospective comparative interventional study, eyes with RRD with grade C PVR were included. Standard 20 gauge pars plana vitrectomy, and retinal reattachment was performed. In case group, 1.25 mg bevacizumab was injected into the silicone oil at the end of surgery. The rate of retinal redetachment associated with PVR was assessed.

RESULTS

In all 38 eyes of 38 patients (19 cases and 19 controls) with a mean age of 46.6 ± 18.3 years were studied. The two groups were matched for age, sex, preoperative visual acuity, presence of anterior and posterior PVR, extent of PVR, and history of previous retinal detachment surgery. Retinal redetachment with PVR occurred in nine (47.3%) and seven (36.8%) eyes in case and control groups, respectively (P=0.5). Extensive subretinal fibrous proliferations in addition to preretinal membranes occurred more in the case group (55.5 vs 14.3%). At final visit, visual acuity was similar between the two groups (1.6 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.6, respectively, P=0.9).

CONCLUSION

Intrasilicone injection of bevacizumab at the end of vitrectomy for RRD with severe PVR does not eliminate the risk of postoperative PVR.