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Escher M, Weber NB, Kühn TJ, Patt M. 2D imaging spin-filter for NanoESCA based on Au/Ir(001) or Fe(001)-p(1×1)O. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113814. [PMID: 37515931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional imaging spin-filter for photo-emission electron microscopy is described. The spin-filter is capable of imaging the electron spin polarization of either real space or momentum space electron distributions. As a scattering target either Au/Ir(001) comes into use, where spin sensitivity results from using spin-orbit scattering or Fe(001)-p(1×1)O that exploits exchange interaction. Both scattering targets were characterized with respect to their working points and Sherman function in a separate setup. Spin-polarization images of secondary electrons from the magnetic domains of a poly-crystalline iron sample are shown using both scattering targets. Images with a spin-filter using Au/Ir(001) show more than 104 discrete detection channels which increases the effective two-dimensional figure-of-merit (FoM) of this spin-filter by four orders of magnitude compared to single-channel spin detectors. Using the exchange scattering target two spin-components have been imaged for the first time. A method to detect all three spin-components is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Escher
- Focus GmbH, 65510 Hünstetten-Kesselbach, Germany.
| | - N B Weber
- Focus GmbH, 65510 Hünstetten-Kesselbach, Germany
| | - T-J Kühn
- Focus GmbH, 65510 Hünstetten-Kesselbach, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Focus GmbH, 65510 Hünstetten-Kesselbach, Germany
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2
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Jäger MC, Patt M, González-Ruiz V, Boccard J, Wey T, Winter DV, Rudaz S, Odermatt A. Extended steroid profiling in H295R cells provides deeper insight into chemical-induced disturbances of steroidogenesis: Exemplified by prochloraz and anabolic steroids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 570:111929. [PMID: 37037411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Human adrenocortical H295R cells have been validated by the OECD Test Guideline 456 to detect chemicals disrupting testosterone and 17β-estradiol (estradiol) biosynthesis. This study evaluated a novel approach to detect disturbances of steroidogenesis in H295R cells, exemplified by prochloraz and five anabolic steroids. Steroid profiles were assessed by an untargeted LC-MS-based method, providing a relative quantification of 57 steroids annotated according to their accurate masses and retention times. Such a panel of steroids included several mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, progestins and adrenal androgens. The coverage of a high number of metabolites in this extended steroid profiling facilitated grouping of chemicals with similar effects and detecting subtler differences between chemicals. It allowed, for example, distinguishing between the effects of turinabol and oxymetholone, supposed to act similarly in a previous characterization including only nine adrenal steroids. Furthermore, the results revealed that product/substrate ratios can provide superior information on altered enzyme activities compared to individual metabolite levels. For example, the 17α-hydroxypregnenolone/pregnenolone ratio was found to be a more sensitive marker for detecting 17α-hydroxylase inhibition by prochloraz than the corresponding individual steroids. These results illustrate that chemical grouping and calculation of product/substrate ratios can provide valuable information on mode-of-action and help prioritizing further experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Jäger
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Melanie Patt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Boccard
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Tim Wey
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Denise V Winter
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Aghakhanyan G, Rullmann M, Rumpf J, Schroeter ML, Scherlach C, Patt M, Brendel M, Koglin N, Stephens AW, Classen J, Hoffmann KT, Sabri O, Barthel H. Interplay of tau and functional network connectivity in progressive supranuclear palsy: a [ 18F]PI-2620 PET/MRI study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 50:103-114. [PMID: 36048259 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is primary 4-repeat tauopathy. Evidence spanning from imaging studies indicate aberrant connectivity in PSPs. Our goal was to assess functional connectivity network alterations in PSP patients and the potential link between regional tau-burden and network-level functional connectivity using the next-generation tau PET tracer [18F]PI-2620 and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four probable PSP patients (70.9 ± 6.9 years, 13 female), including 14 Richardson syndrome (RS) and 10 non-RS phenotypes, underwent [18F]PI-2620 PET/MRI imaging. Distribution volume ratios (DVRs) were estimated using non-invasive pharmacokinetic modeling. Resting-state fMRI was also acquired in these patients as well as in thirteen older non-AD MCI reference group (64 ± 9 years, 4 female). The functional network was constructed using 141 by 141 region-to-region functional connectivity metrics (RRC) and network-based statistic was carried out (connection threshold p < 0.001, cluster threshold pFDR < 0.05). RESULTS In total, 9870 functional connections were analyzed. PSPs compared to aged non-AD MCI reference group expressed aberrant connectivity evidenced by the significant NBS network consisting of 89 ROIs and 118 connections among them (NBS mass 4226, pFDR < 0.05). Tau load in the right globus pallidus externus (GPe) and left dentate nucleus (DN) showed significant effects on functional network connectivity. The network linked with increased tau load in the right GPe was associated with hyperconnectivity of low-range intra-opercular connections (NBS mass 356, pFDR < 0.05), while the network linked with increased tau load in the left cerebellar DN was associated with cerebellar hyperconnectivity and cortico-cerebellar hypoconnectivity (NBS mass 517, pFDR < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PSP patients show altered functional connectivity. Network incorporating deep gray matter structures demonstrate hypoconnectivity, cerebellum hyperconnectivity, while cortico-cortical connections show variable changes. Tau load in the right GPe and left DN is associated with functional networks which strengthen low-scale intra-opercular and intra-cerebellar connections and weaken opercular-cerebellar connections. These findings support the concept of tau load-dependent functional network changes in PSP, by that providing evidence for downstream effects of neuropathology on brain functionality in this primary tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Aghakhanyan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Rumpf
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences & Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Scherlach
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Koglin
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - J Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K T Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Patt M, Gysi J, Faresse N, Cidlowski JA, Odermatt A. Protein phosphatase 1 alpha enhances glucocorticoid receptor activity by a mechanism involving phosphorylation of serine-211. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110873. [PMID: 32585168 PMCID: PMC7606615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
By acting as a ligand-dependent transcription factor the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the actions of glucocorticoids and regulates many physiological processes. An impaired regulation of glucocorticoid action has been associated with numerous disorders. Thus, the elucidation of underlying signaling pathways is essential to understand mechanisms of disrupted glucocorticoid function and contribution to diseases. This study found increased GR transcriptional activity upon overexpression of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and decreased expression levels of GR-responsive genes following PP1α knockdown in the endogenous A549 cell model. Mechanistic investigations revealed reduced phosphorylation of GR-Ser211 following PP1α silencing and provided a first indication for an involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Thus, the present study identified PP1α as a novel post-translational activator of GR signaling, suggesting that disruption of PP1α function could lead to impaired glucocorticoid action and thereby contribute to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Patt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Joël Gysi
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Akram M, Patt M, Kaserer T, Temml V, Waratchareeyakul W, Kratschmar DV, Haupenthal J, Hartmann RW, Odermatt A, Schuster D. Identification of the fungicide epoxiconazole by virtual screening and biological assessment as inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105358. [PMID: 30965118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to a multitude of environmental chemicals that may disturb endocrine functions. It is crucial to identify such chemicals and uncover their mode-of-action to avoid adverse health effects. 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) catalyze the formation of cortisol and aldosterone, respectively, in the adrenal cortex. Disruption of their synthesis by exogenous chemicals can contribute to cardio-metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and immune-related disorders. This study applied in silico screening and in vitro evaluation for the discovery of xenobiotics inhibiting CYP11B1 and CYP11B2. Several databases comprising environmentally relevant pollutants, chemicals in body care products, food additives and drugs were virtually screened using CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 pharmacophore models. A first round of biological testing used hamster cells overexpressing human CYP11B1 or CYP11B2 to analyze 25 selected virtual hits. Three compounds inhibited CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 with IC50 values below 3 μM. The most potent inhibitor was epoxiconazole (IC50 value of 623 nM for CYP11B1 and 113 nM for CYP11B2, respectively); flurprimidol and ancymidol were moderate inhibitors. In a second round, these three compounds were tested in human adrenal H295R cells endogenously expressing CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, confirming the potent inhibition by epoxiconazole and the more moderate effects by flurprimidol and ancymidol. Thus, the in silico screening, prioritization of chemicals for initial biological tests and use of H295R cells to provide initial mechanistic information is a promising strategy to identify potential endocrine disruptors inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis. A critical assessment of human exposure levels and in vivo evaluation of potential corticosteroid disrupting effects by epoxiconazole is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 22, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Melanie Patt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Watcharee Waratchareeyakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, 22000, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Universitätscampus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 22, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Thompson GR, Beck KR, Patt M, Kratschmar DV, Odermatt A. Posaconazole-Induced Hypertension Due to Inhibition of 11 β-Hydroxylase and 11 β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1361-1366. [PMID: 31286100 PMCID: PMC6608555 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two cases of hypertension and hypokalemia due to mineralocorticoid excess caused by posaconazole treatment of coccidioidomycosis and rhinocerebral mucormycosis infections, respectively. Clinical laboratory evaluations, including a comprehensive analysis of blood and urine steroid profiles, revealed low renin and aldosterone and indicated as the underlying mechanism primarily a block of 11β-hydroxylase activity in patient 1, whereas patient 2 displayed weaker 11β-hydroxylase but more pronounced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 inhibition. The results show that both previously suggested mechanisms must be considered and emphasize significant interindividual differences in the contribution of each enzyme to the observed mineralocorticoid excess phenotype. The mineralocorticoid symptoms of patient 1 resolved after replacement of posaconazole therapy by isavoconazole, and posaconazole dosage de-escalation ameliorated the effects in patient 2. By providing a thorough analysis of the patients’ blood and urine steroid metabolites, this report adds further evidence for two individually pronounced mechanisms of posaconazole-induced hypertension and hypokalemia. The elucidation of the factors responsible for the individual phenotype warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, California
| | - Katharina R Beck
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Patt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Strajhar P, Vizeli P, Patt M, Dolder PC, Kratschmar DV, Liechti ME, Odermatt A. Effects of lisdexamfetamine on plasma steroid concentrations compared with d-amphetamine in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:212-225. [PMID: 30381248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel d-amphetamine prodrug lisdexamfetamine is applied to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). d-Amphetamine releases dopamine and norepinephrine and stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which may contribute to its reinforcing effects and risk of abuse. However, no data is currently available on the effects of lisdexamfetamine on circulating steroids. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study evaluated the effects of equimolar doses of d-amphetamine (40 mg) and lisdexamfetamine (100 mg) and placebo on circulating steroids in 24 healthy subjects. Plasma steroid and d-amphetamine levels were determined up to 24 h. Delayed increase and peak levels of plasma d-amphetamine concentrations were observed following lisdexamfetamine treatment compared with d-amphetamine administration, however the maximal concentrations and total exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) were similar. Lisdexamfetamine and d-amphetamine significantly enhanced plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and 11-deoxycortisol), androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione [androstenedione]), and progesterone (only in men) compared with placebo. Steroid concentration-time curves were shifted to later time points due to a non-significantly later onset following lisdexamfetamine administration than after d-amphetamine, however maximal plasma steroid concentrations and AUCs did not differ between the active treatments. None of the active treatments altered plasma levels of the mineralocorticoids aldosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone or the androgen testosterone compared with placebo. The effects of the amphetamines on glucocorticoid production were similar to those that were previously reported for methylphenidate (60 mg) but weaker than those for the serotonin releaser 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 125 mg) or direct serotonin receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; 0.2 mg). Lisdexamfetamine produced comparable HPA axis activation and had similar pharmacokinetics than d-amphetamine, except for a delayed time of onset. Thus, serotonin (MDMA, LSD) may more effectively stimulate the HPA axis than dopamine and norepinephrine (D-amphetamine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Strajhar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vizeli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Patt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Dolder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Meier T, Suh J, Barrett P, Patt M, Graham S, Chao S. Enhancing Quality Improvement with In Radiation Oncology at a Large Teaching Institution: The Survey Says. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Todde S, Peitl PK, Elsinga P, Koziorowski J, Ferrari V, Ocak EM, Hjelstuen O, Patt M, Mindt TL, Behe M. Guidance on validation and qualification of processes and operations involving radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:8. [PMID: 29503849 PMCID: PMC5824699 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validation and qualification activities are nowadays an integral part of the day by day routine work in a radiopharmacy. This document is meant as an Appendix of Part B of the EANM "Guidelines on Good Radiopharmacy Practice (GRPP)" issued by the Radiopharmacy Committee of the EANM, covering the qualification and validation aspects related to the small-scale "in house" preparation of radiopharmaceuticals. The aim is to provide more detailed and practice-oriented guidance to those who are involved in the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals which are not intended for commercial purposes or distribution. RESULTS The present guideline covers the validation and qualification activities following the well-known "validation chain", that begins with editing the general Validation Master Plan document, includes all the required documentation (e.g. User Requirement Specification, Qualification protocols, etc.), and leads to the qualification of the equipment used in the preparation and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals, until the final step of Process Validation. CONCLUSIONS A specific guidance to the qualification and validation activities specifically addressed to small-scale hospital/academia radiopharmacies is here provided. Additional information, including practical examples, are also available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Todde
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - P. Kolenc Peitl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Elsinga
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Koziorowski
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - E. M. Ocak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul Turkey
| | - O. Hjelstuen
- Institute for Energy Technology, Instituttveien 18, PO Box 40, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M. Patt
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, Radiochemistry, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, Nuklearmedizin, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Behe
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ Paul-Scherrer-Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Mattei D, Ivanov A, Ferrai C, Jordan P, Guneykaya D, Buonfiglioli A, Schaafsma W, Przanowski P, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P, Hesse S, Patt M, Sabri O, Ross TL, Eggen BJL, Boddeke EWGM, Kaminska B, Beule D, Pombo A, Kettenmann H, Wolf SA. Maternal immune activation results in complex microglial transcriptome signature in the adult offspring that is reversed by minocycline treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1120. [PMID: 28485733 PMCID: PMC5534948 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of developing psychiatric pathologies in later life. This link may be bridged by a defective microglial phenotype in the offspring induced by MIA, as microglia have key roles in the development and maintenance of neuronal signaling in the central nervous system. The beneficial effects of the immunomodulatory treatment with minocycline on schizophrenic patients are consistent with this hypothesis. Using the MIA mouse model, we found an altered microglial transcriptome and phagocytic function in the adult offspring accompanied by behavioral abnormalities. The changes in microglial phagocytosis on a functional and transcriptional level were similar to those observed in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease hinting to a related microglial phenotype in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Minocycline treatment of adult MIA offspring reverted completely the transcriptional, functional and behavioral deficits, highlighting the potential benefits of therapeutic targeting of microglia in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mattei
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Ferrai
- Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Jordan
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Guneykaya
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Buonfiglioli
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Schaafsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Przanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E W G M Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Pombo
- Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - S A Wolf
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrück-Center of Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
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11
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Schönecker S, Prix C, Raiser T, Ackl N, Wlasich E, Stenglein-Krapf G, Mille E, Brendel M, Sabri O, Patt M, Barthel H, Bartenstein P, Levin J, Rominger A, Danek A. [Amyloid positron-emission-tomography with [ 18 F]-florbetaben in the diagnostic workup of dementia patients]. Nervenarzt 2017; 88:156-161. [PMID: 27913818 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To this day the definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease still relies on post-mortem histopathological detection of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid deposits. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic tool that enables the in vivo quantification of pathological beta-amyloid deposits. The aim of the current study was to evaluate to what extent 18F-florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) influences the diagnosis of patients with dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Imaging with FBB-PET was performed on 33 patients from our outpatient department for cognitive neurology. Beforehand all patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, neuropsychiatric and laboratory examination as well as imaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. The working diagnoses before and after FBB-PET imaging were compared. RESULTS 17 out of 33 patients were scored as FBB-PET positive. In four cases the initial diagnosis had to be changed to Alzheimer's disease (three cases) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (one case) due to the positive FBB-PET scan. 16 patients showed a negative FBB-PET scan. In three patients the initial diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease could be ruled out due to the negative FBB-PET scan. Overall, in 7 out of 33 examined patients the initial diagnosis had to be changed because of the findings of the FBB-PET scan. In 24 patients the initial diagnosis was confirmed by the results of the FBB-PET scan. CONCLUSION Amyloid-PET is currently no standard procedure in the diagnosis of dementia; however, it can be a helpful additional diagnostic tool when used according to the "Appropriate Use Criteria" and the S3 guidelines on dementia in cases of unclear clinical presentation, atypically early age of onset as well as in patients with persistent or progressive unexplained mild cognitive impairment. By facilitating early diagnosis amyloid-PET imaging allows patient selection for therapeutic drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schönecker
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.
| | - C Prix
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - T Raiser
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), München, Deutschland
| | - N Ackl
- Memory Clinic, Psychiatrische Dienste Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Schweiz
| | - E Wlasich
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - G Stenglein-Krapf
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - E Mille
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - M Brendel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | - O Sabri
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - M Patt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - H Barthel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - P Bartenstein
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.,Munich Cluster Syst Neurol SyNergy, München, Deutschland
| | - J Levin
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), München, Deutschland
| | - A Rominger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland.,Munich Cluster Syst Neurol SyNergy, München, Deutschland
| | - A Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
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12
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Bresch A, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Reissig G, Patt M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Emotional eating and in vivo norepinephrine transporter availability in obesity: A [ 11 C]MRB PET pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152-156. [PMID: 27611116 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating (EE) has been linked to norepinephrine dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EE and norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability. METHOD Ten severely obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2 ) and ten non-obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ) matched for age and sex were studied using (S,S)-[11 C]-O-methylreboxetine ([11 C]MRB) positron emission tomography (PET). Kinetic modeling of regional tissue time activity curves was performed using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2, with the occipital cortex as a reference region) to estimate binding potential based on individual PET-MR coregistration. To test for associations of EE and NET availability, participants completed the EE subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire before scanning. RESULTS Obese individuals and non-obese, healthy controls did not significantly differ regarding EE scores and regional NET availability. For obese individuals only, correlative data analyses pointed to a sinoidal distribution pattern as a higher degree of EE related to lower NET availability in the locus coeruleus and to higher NET availability in the left thalamus. DISCUSSION These results indicate that central in vivo NET availability is altered in EE of individuals with obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152-156).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Reissig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Y-S Ding
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A Hilbert
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Melasch J, Rullmann M, Hilbert A, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Patt M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Villringer A, Arelin K, Meyer PM, Bresch A, Sabri O, Hesse S, Pleger B. Sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections underpin a diminished sense of emotional well-being with increasing body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1268-77. [PMID: 27102051 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms linking obesity to emotional distress related to weight remain largely unknown. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Here we combined positron emission tomography, using the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) radiotracer [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile, with functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite) to investigate the role of central serotonin in the severity of depression (BDI-II), as well as in the loss of emotional well-being with body weight (IWQOL-Lite). RESULTS In a group of lean to morbidly obese individuals (n=28), we found sex differences in the 5-HTT availability-related connectivity of the hypothalamus. Males (n=11) presented a strengthened connectivity to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas in females (n=17) we found strengethened projections to the ventral striatum. Both regions are known as reward regions involved in mediating the emotional response to food. Their resting-state activity correlated positively to the body mass index (BMI) and IWQOL-Lite scores, suggesting that each region in both sexes also underpins a diminished sense of emotional well-being with body weight. Contrarily to males, we found that in females also the BDI-II positively correlated with the BMI and by trend with the activity in ventral striatum, suggesting that in females an increased body weight may convey to other mood dimensions than those weight-related ones included in the IWQOL-Lite. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests sex differences in serotonin-hypothalamic connections to brain regions of the reward circuitry underpinning a diminished sense of emotional well-being with an increasing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melasch
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hilbert
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Blüher
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Arelin
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Pleger
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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14
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Schulz JD, Patt M, Basler S, Kries H, Hilvert D, Gauthier MA, Leroux JC. Site-Specific Polymer Conjugation Stabilizes Therapeutic Enzymes in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Mater 2016; 28:1455-1460. [PMID: 26640034 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The site-specific conjugation of polymers to multiple engineered cysteine residues of a prolyl endopeptidase leads to its stabilization in the gastrointestinal tract of rats, without compromising the activity relative to the native enzyme. The importance of polymer attachment sites is investigated, as well as the significance of polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Patt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Basler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hajo Kries
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- EMT Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), J3X 1S2 Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Melasch J, Rullmann M, Hilbert A, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Patt M, Villringer A, Arelin K, Meyer PM, Lobsien D, Ding YS, Müller K, Sabri O, Hesse S, Pleger B. The central nervous norepinephrine network links a diminished sense of emotional well-being to an increased body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:779-87. [PMID: 26620766 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms linking obesity to emotional distress remain largely undiscovered. METHODS In this pilot study, we combined positron emission tomography, using the norepinephrine transporter (NET) tracer [(11)C]-O-methylreboxetine, with functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the impact of weight on quality of life-Lite questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite), to investigate the role of norepinephrine in the severity of depression (BDI), as well as in the loss of emotional well-being with body weight (IWQOL-Lite). RESULTS In a small group of lean-to-morbidly obese individuals (n=20), we show that an increased body mass index (BMI) is related to a lowered NET availability within the hypothalamus, known as the brain's homeostatic control site. The hypothalamus displayed a strengthened connectivity in relation to the individual hypothalamic NET availability to the anterior insula/frontal operculum, as well as the medial orbitofrontal cortex, assumed to host the primary and secondary gustatory cortex, respectively (n=19). The resting-state activity in these two regions was correlated positively to the BMI and IWQOL-Lite scores, but not to the BDI, suggesting that the higher the resting-state activity in these regions, and hence the higher the BMI, the stronger the negative impact of the body weight on the individual's emotional well-being was. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that the loss in emotional well-being with weight is embedded within the central norepinephrine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melasch
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hilbert
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Arelin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Lobsien
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Y-S Ding
- Department of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Chemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - K Müller
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Pleger
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Patt M, Wiemann C, Weber N, Escher M, Gloskovskii A, Drube W, Merkel M, Schneider CM. Bulk sensitive hard x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:113704. [PMID: 25430117 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has now matured into a well-established technique as a bulk sensitive probe of the electronic structure due to the larger escape depth of the highly energetic electrons. In order to enable HAXPES studies with high lateral resolution, we have set up a dedicated energy-filtered hard x-ray photoemission electron microscope (HAXPEEM) working with electron kinetic energies up to 10 keV. It is based on the NanoESCA design and also preserves the performance of the instrument in the low and medium energy range. In this way, spectromicroscopy can be performed from threshold to hard x-ray photoemission. The high potential of the HAXPEEM approach for the investigation of buried layers and structures has been shown already on a layered and structured SrTiO3 sample. Here, we present results of experiments with test structures to elaborate the imaging and spectroscopic performance of the instrument and show the capabilities of the method to image bulk properties. Additionally, we introduce a method to determine the effective attenuation length of photoelectrons in a direct photoemission experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patt
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) and JARA-FIT, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Wiemann
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) and JARA-FIT, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N Weber
- Focus GmbH, Neukirchner Str. 2, D-65510 Hünstetten, Germany
| | - M Escher
- Focus GmbH, Neukirchner Str. 2, D-65510 Hünstetten, Germany
| | - A Gloskovskii
- DESY Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Drube
- DESY Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Merkel
- Focus GmbH, Neukirchner Str. 2, D-65510 Hünstetten, Germany
| | - C M Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) and JARA-FIT, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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17
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Werner P, Vilia Z, Saur D, Patt M, Sattler B, Jochimsen T, Lobsien D, Then Bergh F, Dreyer A, Boltze J, Classen J, Hoffmann KT, Sabri O, Barthel H. Etablierung der kombinierten [15O]H2O-PET/MRT am Großtiermodell und bei Patienten mit (sub)akutem Schlaganfall. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Patt M, Solbach C, Habermann B, Schildan A, Baur B, Sabri O. Influence of additives to the formulation of n.c.a. [¹¹C]PiB on sterile filter performance. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 82:289-92. [PMID: 24128611 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different additives (PEG 300, PEG 400, PG) to the product solution of [(11)C]PiB was investigated with regard to tracer retention for a number of commonly used sterile filters for aseptic manufacturing of PET-tracers. The effect of the amount of additive with regard to tracer retention and the resulting viscosity of the filtration solution was determined. Recommendations for the individual combinations of filters and amounts of additives suitable for the different filtration methods that are implemented in commercially available synthesis modules are given as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Kuhlen S, Schmalbuch K, Hagedorn M, Schlammes P, Patt M, Lepsa M, Güntherodt G, Beschoten B. Electric field-driven coherent spin reorientation of optically generated electron spin packets in InGaAs. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:146603. [PMID: 23083266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.146603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Full electric-field control of spin orientations is one of the key tasks in semiconductor spintronics. We demonstrate that electric-field pulses can be utilized for phase-coherent ±π spin rotation of optically generated electron spin packets in InGaAs epilayers detected by time-resolved Faraday rotation. Through spin-orbit interaction, the electric-field pulses act as local magnetic field pulses. By the temporal control of the local magnetic field pulses, we can turn on and off electron spin precession and thereby rotate the spin direction into arbitrary orientations in a two-dimensional plane. Furthermore, we demonstrate a spin-echo-type spin drift experiment and find an unexpected partial spin rephasing, which is evident by a doubling of the spin dephasing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuhlen
- II. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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20
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21
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Wegner F, Meyer P, Becker G, Patt M, Strecker K, Hesse S, Schwarz J, Sabri O. Nikotinische Azetylcholinrezeptoren und ihre Beziehung zu motorischen Symptomen beim M. Parkinson: eine 2-[F-18]F-A85380 PET Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hecht S, Peskin JC, Patt M. INTENSITY DISCRIMINATION IN THE HUMAN EYE : II. THE RELATION BETWEENDeltaI/IAND INTENSITY FOR DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE SPECTRUM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 22:7-19. [PMID: 19873093 PMCID: PMC2213736 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.22.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
1. A new apparatus is described for measuring visual intensity discrimination over a large range of intensities, with white light and with selected portions of the spectrum. With it measurements were made of the intensity ΔI which is just perceptible when it is added for a short time to a portion of a field of intensity I to which the eye has been adapted. 2. For white and for all colors the fraction ΔI/I decreases as I increases and reaches an asymptotic minimum value at high values of I. In addition, with white light the relation between ΔI/I and I shows two sections, one at low intensities and the other at high intensities, the two being separated by an abrupt transition. These findings are contrary to the generally accepted measurements of Koenig and Brodhun; however, they confirm the recent work of Steinhardt, as well as the older work of Blanchard and of Aubert. The abrupt transition is in keeping with the Duplicity theory which attributes the two sections to the functions of the rods and cones respectively. 3. Measurements with five parts of the spectrum amplify these relationships in terms of the different spectral sensibilities of the rods and cones. With extreme red light the relation of ΔI/I to I shows only a high intensity section corresponding to cone function, while with other colors the low intensity rod section appears and increases in extent as the light used moves toward the violet end of the spectrum. 4. Like most of the previously published data from various sources, the present numerical data are all described with precision by the theory which supposes that intensity discrimination is determined by the initial photochemical and chemical events in the rods and cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hecht
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Columbia University, New York
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Abstract
AbstractA new method of radiolabelling of humic substances (HS) in the aqueous phase has been developed. Radiolabelling with the short-lived positron-emitter18F was carried outviadiazonium coupling to electron-rich aromatic residues of the humic substances. Labelling yields of up to 75% were obtained after optimization of the synthetic procedure. Introductory experimental steps were performed for testing the labelling stability of the humic substances with ultrafiltration, electrophoretic and chromatographic methods.
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Deuther-Conrad W, Patt JT, Lockman PR, Allen DD, Patt M, Schildan A, Ganapathy V, Steinbach J, Sabri O, Brust P. Norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) - a promising radioligand for neuroimaging nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with PET. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 18:222-9. [PMID: 17728108 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurotransmission depends on the integrity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and impairment of both is characteristic for various neurodegenerative diseases. Visualization of specific receptor subtypes by positron emission tomography (PET) has potential to assist with diagnosis of such neurodegenerative diseases and with design of suitable therapeutic approaches. The goal of our study was to evaluate in vivo the potential of (18)F-labelled (+)- and (-)-norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine ([(18)F]NCFHEB) in comparison to 2-[(18)F]F-A-85380 as PET tracers. In the brains of NMRI mice, highest levels of radioactivity were detected at 20 min post-injection of (+)-[(18)F]NCFHEB, (-)-[(18)F]NCFHEB, and 2-F-[(18)F]-A-85380 (7.45, 5.60, and 3.2% ID/g tissue, respectively). No marked pharmacological adverse effects were observed at 25 mug NCFHEB/kg. Uptake studies in RBE4 cells and in situ perfusion studies suggest an interaction of epibatidine and NCFHEB with the carrier-mediated choline transport at the blood-brain barrier. The data indicate that (+)- and (-)-[(18)F]NCFHEB have potential for further development as PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Isotope Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hesse S, Bergh FT, Regenthal R, Patt M, Becker G, Hess E, Moeller F, Kratzsch J, Fuehrer D, Knuepfer H, Kendziorra K, Sabri O. First PET study on the influence of serotonin transporter (SERT) availability on clinical autoimmune disease. Neuroimage 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kendziorra K, Meyer P, Wolf H, Barthel H, Hesse S, Seese A, Sorger D, Patt M, Becker G, Schildan A, Gertz H, Sabri O. Cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in patients with Alzheimer's disease assessed with 2-[18F]F-A85380 PET—correlations to dementia severity. Neuroimage 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Meyer P, Kendziorra K, Hesse S, Becker G, Strecker K, Hensel A, Patt M, Seese A, Gertz HJ, Schwarz J, Sabri O. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha4beta2) and their relationship to cognitive and mood symptoms in Parkinson disease: A 2-[18F]-F-A-85380 PET study. Neuroimage 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Patt JT, Patt M. Reaction of [18F]4-fluorobenzenediazonium cations with cysteine or the cysteinyl group: preparation of18F-labeled S-aryl-cysteine and a radiolabeled peptide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Patt M, Sorger D, Scheunemann M, Stöcklin G. FDG-2-nitroimidazole: A new potential hypoxia tracer using glucose transport. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Patt M, Kuntzsch M, Machulla HJ. Preparation of [18F]fluoromisonidazole by nucleophilic substitution on THP-protected precursor: Yield dependence on reaction parameters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02349874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patt M, Gündisch D, Wüllner U, Blocher A, Kovar KA, Machulla HJ. N-[11C]methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) and 2-methyl-N-[11C]methyl-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine: Synthesis and biodistribution studies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02349410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Piert M, Machulla H, Becker G, Stahlschmidt A, Patt M, Aldinger P, Dissmann PD, Fischer H, Bares R, Becker HD, Lauchart W. Introducing fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography for the localisation and quantification of pig liver hypoxia. Eur J Nucl Med 1999; 26:95-109. [PMID: 9933343 DOI: 10.1007/s002590050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labelled fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been shown to accumulate in hypoxic tissue in inverse proportion to tissue oxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential of [18F]FMISO as a possible positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging of liver tissue hypoxia, we measured the [18F]FMISO uptake in 13 domestic pigs using dynamic PET scanning. Hypoxia was induced by segmental arterial hepatic occlusion. During the experimental procedure the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was set to 0.67 in group A (n=6) and to 0.21 in group B (n=7) animals. Before and after arterial occlusion, the partial pressure of O2 in tissue (TPO2) and the arterial blood flow were determined in normal flow and flow-impaired liver segments. Standardised uptake values [SUV=kBq tissue (in g) / body weight (in kg) x injected dose (in kBq)] for [18F]FMISO were calculated from PET images obtained 3 hours after injection of about 10 MBq/kg body weight [18F]FMISO. Immediately before PET scanning, the mean arterial blood flow was significantly decreased in arterially occluded segments [group A: 0. 41 (0.32-0.52); group B: 0.24 (0.16-0.33) ml min-1 g-1] compared with normal flow segments [group A: 1.05 (0.76-1.46); group B: 1.14 (0.83-1.57) ml min-1 g-1; geometric mean (95% confidence limits); P<0.001 for both groups]. After PET scanning, the TPO2 of occluded segments (group A: 5.1 (4.1-6.4); group B: 3.5 (2.6-4.9) mmHg] was significantly decreased compared with normal flow segments [group A: 26.4 (21.2-33.0); group B: 18.2 (13.3-25.1) mmHg; P<0.001 for both groups]. During the 3-h PET scan, the mean [18F]FMISO SUV determined in occluded segments increased significantly to 3.84 (3.12-4.72) in group A and 5.7 (4.71-6.9) in group B, while the SUV remained unchanged in corresponding normal liver tissue [group A: 1.4 (1.14-1. 71); group B: 1.31 (1.09-1.57); P<0.001 for both groups]. Regardless of ventilation conditions, a significant inverse exponential relationship was found between the TPO2 and the [18F]FMISO SUV (r2=0. 88, P<0.001). Our results suggest that because tracer delivery to hypoxic tissues was maintained by the portal circulation, the [18F]FMISO accumulation in the liver was found to be directly related to the severity of tissue hypoxia. Thus, [18F]FMISO PET allows in vivo quantification of pig liver hypoxia using simple SUV analysis as long as tracer delivery is not critically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piert
- Department of General Surgery, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Staffen W, Huemer M, Patt M, Dollenz M, Ladurner G. Spondylodiscitis: clinical and MRI findings. J Neuroimaging 1998; 8:58-9. [PMID: 9442597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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