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Wang EHH, Lin PH, Wu PL, Kang EYC, Liu L, Yeh LK, Chen KJ, Hsiao MC, Wang NK. Genetic underpinnings explored: OPA1 deletion and complex phenotypes on chromosome 3q29. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:94. [PMID: 38641846 PMCID: PMC11031983 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant contributors to the elusive genetic causality of inherited eye diseases. In this study, we describe a case with optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm, in which a de novo CNV 3q29 deletion was identified. CASE PRESENTATION A 40-year-old female patient was referred to our department after undergoing aneurysm transcatheter arterial embolization for a brain aneurysm. She had no history of systemic diseases, except for unsatisfactory best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) since elementary school. Electrophysiological tests confirmed the findings in retinal images, indicating optic nerve atrophy. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a de novo deletion spanning 960 kb on chromosome 3q29, encompassing OPA1 and six neighboring genes. Unlike previously reported deletions in this region associated with optic atrophy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and obesity, this patient displayed a unique combination of optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm. However, there is no causal relationship between the brain aneurysm and the CNV. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the optic atrophy is conclusively attributed to the OPA1 deletion, and the aneurysm could be a coincidental association. The report emphasizes the likelihood of underestimating OPA1 deletions due to sequencing technology limitations. Recognizing these constraints, healthcare professionals must acknowledge these limitations and consistently search for OPA1 variants/deletions in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) patients with negative sequencing results. This strategic approach ensures a more comprehensive exploration of copy-number variations, ultimately enhancing diagnostic precision in the field of genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hung-Hsi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Liang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Hammer Health Sciences Building, 701 W. 168th St, 10032, New York, NY, USA.
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Lin TY, Wu PL, Kang EYC, Chi YC, Jenny LA, Lin PH, Lee CY, Liu CH, Liu L, Yeh LK, Chen KJ, Hwang YS, Wu WC, Lai CC, Hsiao MC, Liu PK, Wang NK. Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Variants in Taiwanese Patients With PROM1-Related Inherited Retinal Disorders. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:25. [PMID: 37975849 PMCID: PMC10664721 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with PROM1-related inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Methods Patients diagnosed with IRDs who had mutations in PROM1 were identified at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital in Taiwan. Information on clinical characteristics and best-corrected visual acuity was recorded. Color fundus (CF) images, fundus autofluorescence photography (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and electroretinograms (ERGs) were analyzed to examine patient phenotypes. PROM1 variants were detected using whole exome sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results Fourteen patients from nine families with PROM1-related IRDs were analyzed. Most patients exhibited chorioretinal atrophy in the macular area, with or without extramacular involvement on CF. Similarly, hypo-autofluorescence confined to the macular area, with or without extramacular involvement, was present for most patients on FAF. Furthermore, SD-OCT revealed outer retinal tubulations and focal or diffuse retinal thinning. ERGs showed variable findings, including maculopathy with normal ERG, subnormal cone response, and extinguished rod and cone responses. We detected five variants of the PROM1 gene, including c.139del, c.794del, c.1238T>A, c.2110C>T, and c.1117C>T. Conclusions In this study, we evaluated 14 Taiwanese patients with five PROM1 variants. Additionally, incomplete penetrance of heterozygous PROM1 variants was observed. Furthermore, patients with autosomal dominant PROM1 variants had lesions in the macular area and the peripheral region of the retina. SD-OCT serves as a useful tool for early detection of PROM1-related IRDs, as it captures certain signs of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Lin
- Department of Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Liang Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Laura A. Jenny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiu Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Rogerson D, Alkelai A, Giordano J, Pantrangi M, Hsiao MC, Nhan-Chang CL, Motelow JE, Aggarwal V, Goldstein D, Wapner R, Shawber CJ. Investigation into the genetics of fetal congenital lymphatic anomalies. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:703-716. [PMID: 36959127 PMCID: PMC10330091 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital lymphatic anomalies (LAs) arise due to defects in lymphatic development and often present in utero as pleural effusion, chylothorax, nuchal and soft tissue edema, ascites, or hydrops. Many LAs are caused by single nucleotide variants, which are not detected on routine prenatal testing. METHODS Demographic data were compared between two subcohorts, those with clinically significant fetal edema (CSFE) and isolated fetal edema. A targeted variant analysis of LA genes was performed using American College of Medical Genetics criteria on whole exome sequencing (WES) data generated for 71 fetal edema cases who remained undiagnosed after standard workup. RESULTS CSFE cases had poor outcomes, including preterm delivery, demise, and maternal preeclampsia. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 7% (5/71) of cases, including variants in RASopathy genes, RASA1, SOS1, PTPN11, and a novel PIEZO1 variant. Variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) were identified in 45% (32/71) of cases. In CSFEs, VOUS were found in CELSR1, EPHB4, TIE1, PIEZO1, ITGA9, RASopathy genes, SOS1, SOS2, and RAF1. CONCLUSIONS WES identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants and VOUS in LA genes in 51% of fetal edema cases, supporting WES and expanded hydrops panels in cases of idiopathic fetal hydrops and fluid collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Rogerson
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Giordano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madhulatha Pantrangi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua E. Motelow
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians andSurgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ron Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Chang YH, Kang EYC, Liu L, Jenny LA, Khang R, Seo GH, Lee H, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Hsiao MC, Wang NK. Maternal mosaicism in SSBP1 causing optic atrophy with retinal degeneration: implications for genetic counseling. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:131. [PMID: 37259171 PMCID: PMC10233871 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic atrophy-13 with retinal and foveal abnormalities (OPA13) (MIM #165510) is a mitochondrial disease in which apparent bilateral optic atrophy is present and sometimes followed by retinal pigmentary changes or photoreceptors degeneration. OPA13 is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SSBP1 gene, associated with variable mitochondrial dysfunctions. RESULTS We have previously reported a 16-year-old Taiwanese male diagnosed with OPA13 and SSBP1 variant c.320G>A (p.Arg107Gln) was identified by whole exon sequence (WES). This variant was assumed to be de novo since his parents were clinically unaffected. However, WES and Sanger sequencing further revealed the proband's unaffected mother carrying the same SSBP1 variant with a 13% variant allele frequency (VAF) in her peripheral blood. That finding strongly indicates the maternal gonosomal mosaicism contributing to OPA13, which has not been reported before. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we described the first case of OPA13 caused by maternal gonosomal mosaicism in SSBP1. Parental mosaicism could be a serious issue in OPA13 diagnosis, and appropriate genetic counseling should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsi Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 635 West 165th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rin Khang
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3Billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Go Hun Seo
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3Billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hane Lee
- Division of Medical Genetics, 3Billion Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 635 West 165th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Chang YH, Kang EYC, Liu L, Jenny LA, Khang R, Seo GH, Lee H, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Hsiao MC, Wang NK. Maternal Mosaicism in SSBP1 Causing Optic Atrophy with Retinal Degeneration: Implications for Genetic Counseling. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2554402. [PMID: 36993412 PMCID: PMC10055506 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2554402/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Optic atrophy-13 with retinal and foveal abnormalities (OPA13) (MIM #165510) is a mitochondrial disease in which apparent bilateral optic atrophy is present and sometimes followed by retinal pigmentary changes or photoreceptors degeneration. OPA13 is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SSBP1 gene, associated with variable mitochondrial dysfunctions. Results: We have previously reported a 16-year-old Taiwanese male diagnosed with OPA13 and SSBP1 variant c.320G>A (p.Arg107Gln) was identified by whole exon sequence (WES). This variant was assumed to be de novo since his parents were clinically unaffected. However, WES and Sanger sequencing further revealed the proband’s unaffected mother carrying the same SSBP1 variant with a 13% variant allele frequency (VAF) in her peripheral blood. That finding strongly indicates the maternal gonosomal mosaicism contributing to OPA13, which has not been reported before. Conclusions: In summary, we described the first case of OPA13 caused by maternal gonosomal mosaicism in SSBP1 . Parental mosaicism could be a serious issue in OPA13 diagnosis, and appropriate genetic counseling should be considered.
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Chen N, Hsiao MC, Wang NK. Correspondence. Retina 2023; 43:e9-e11. [PMID: 36695807 PMCID: PMC10468153 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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Chen N, Lee H, Kim AH, Liu PK, Kang EYC, Tseng YJ, Seo GH, Khang R, Liu L, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Hsiao MC, Wang NK. Case report: novel PCDH15 variant causes usher syndrome type 1F with congenital hearing loss and syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:441. [PMID: 36384460 PMCID: PMC9670441 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder primarily responsible for deaf-blindness. Patients with subtype Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) typically experience congenital sensorineural hearing loss, abnormal vestibular function, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here we present a case of Usher syndrome type 1F (USH1F) with a novel homozygous variant in the calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protocadherin-15 (PCDH15) gene.
Case presentation
Ophthalmic examinations were evaluated over a course of 10 years and the disease-causing variant was identified by whole exome sequencing (WES). Initial and follow-up examination of color fundus photos after 10 years revealed an increase in bone spicule pigment deposits in both eyes. A parafoveal hyper-AF ring in both eyes was shown in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) with a progressive diameter-wise constriction observed over 8 years. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss was observed in parafoveal and perifoveal regions of both eyes on spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) showed extinguished global retinal function. WES identified a novel two-base-pair deletion, c.60_61del (p.Phe21Ter), in the PCDH15 gene, confirming the diagnosis of USH1F.
Conclusions
We report a novel homozygous PCDH15 pathogenic variant expected to lead to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of PCDH15 mRNA. The patient exhibits a loss of function with USH1F, experiencing congenital hearing loss and syndromic RP.
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Selvam P, Hsiao MC, Omerza G, Bergeron D, Rowe S, Uvalic J, Soucy M, Peracchio M, Burns S, Meyers B, Prego M, Nie Q, Ananda G, Chandok H, Kelly K, Hesse A, Reddi HV. Mutation Yield of a Custom 212-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Solid Tumors: Clinical Experience of the First 260 Cases Tested Using the JAX ActionSeq™ Assay. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:103-111. [PMID: 31754995 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the positive yield rate of a custom 212-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, the JAX ActionSeq™ assay, used in molecular profiling of solid tumors for precision medicine. METHODS We evaluated 261 cases tested over a 24-month period including cancers across 24 primary tissue types and report on the mutation yield in these cases. RESULTS Thirty-three of the 261 cases (13%) had no detectable clinically significant variants. In the remaining 228 cases (87%), we identified 550 clinically significant variants in 88 of the 212 genes, with four of fewer clinically significant variants being detected in 62 of 88 genes (70%). TP53 had the highest number of variants (125), followed by APC (47), KRAS (47), ARID1A (20), PIK3CA (20) and EGFR (18). There were 38 tier I and 512 tier II variants, with two genes having only a tier I variant, seven genes having both a tier I and tier II variant, and 79 genes having at least one tier II variant. Overall, the ActionSeq™ assay detected clinically significant variants in 42% of the genes included in the panel (88/212), 68% of which (60/88) were detected in more than one tumor type. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that of the genes with documented involvement in cancer, only a limited number are currently clinically significant from a therapeutic, diagnostic and/or prognostic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shannon Rowe
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shelbi Burns
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Qian Nie
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Kelly
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Andrew Hesse
- , 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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Lee YC, Chen TH, Hsiao MC, Hung PH, Tung SH, Hsiao CY. Glycated Hemoglobin < 6.5% Is Associated With Uroseptic Shock in Diabetic Patients With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:515506. [PMID: 33344465 PMCID: PMC7748060 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.515506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <6. 5% leads to uroseptic shock in diabetic individuals. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of 1,363 individuals with UTIs in Taiwan from January 2006 to January 2018. Of the 345 diabetic individuals, 61 (17.7%) developed uroseptic shock. Diabetic patients who developed uroseptic shock tended to be older and males and, had a history of congestive heart failure, urolithiasis, higher serum creatinine level during hospitalization, lower serum HbA1c level, bacteremia, and acute kidney injury. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender [odds ratio (OR), 1.861; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.009–3.433; P = 0.047], congestive heart failure (OR, 4.036; 95% CI, 1.542–10.565; P = 0.004), bacteremia (OR, 2.875; 95% CI, 1.539–5.370; P = 0.001), and HbA1c level <6.5% (OR, 2.923; 95% CI, 1.580–5.406; P = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of developing uroseptic shock among diabetic patients during hospitalization due to UTI. HbA1c level <6.5% is independently associated with uroseptic shock in diabetic patients with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Peir-Haur Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsien Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hsiao CY, Chen TH, Lee YC, Hsiao MC, Hung PH, Wang MC. Risk factors for uroseptic shock in hospitalized patients aged over 80 years with urinary tract infection. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:477. [PMID: 32395521 PMCID: PMC7210120 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes in individuals of different age groups with urinary tract infection (UTI), and to identify the relationships among advanced age and uroseptic shock. Methods This retrospective study compared clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients in different age groups with UTI and identified relationships between advanced age and uroseptic shock among hospitalized patients with UTI in an acute hospital care setting from January 2006 to October 2018. Patients were divided into young (age below 65 years), old (65–80 years), and very old (above 80 years) groups. Results Of 1,043 participants, 269 (25.8%) were very old and 200 (19.2%) developed uroseptic shock. Very old age [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–3.19, P=0.004], male (OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07–2.24, P=0.022), presented flank pain (OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05–2.24, P=0.025), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.27–5.06, P=0.008), acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 4.19, 95% CI: 2.78–6.30, P<0.001), bacteremia (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25–2.53, P=0.001), and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02–2.00, P=0.039) were associated with an increased risk of uroseptic shock in patients with UTI. In very old patients with UTI, bacteremia (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.38–4.69, P=0.003) and AKI (OR 4.37, 95% CI: 2.15–8.90, P<0.001) were independently associated with uroseptic shock. Conclusions Very old patients with UTI had a higher risk of developing uroseptic shock than younger patients. Bacteremia was an independent risk factor for uroseptic shock in very old patients with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Peir-Haur Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi.,Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
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11
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Nie Q, Omerza G, Chandok H, Prego M, Hsiao MC, Meyers B, Hesse A, Uvalic J, Soucy M, Bergeron D, Peracchio M, Burns S, Kelly K, Rowe S, Rueter J, Reddi HV. Molecular profiling of gynecologic cancers for treatment and management of disease - demonstrating clinical significance using the AMP/ASCO/CAP guidelines for interpretation and reporting of somatic variants. Cancer Genet 2020; 242:25-34. [PMID: 31992506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular features of gynecologic cancers have been investigated in comprehensive studies, but correlation of these molecular signatures with clinical significance for precision medicine is yet to be established. Towards this end, we evaluated 95 gynecologic cancer cases submitted for testing using The JAX ActionSeq™ NGS panel. Molecular profiles were studied and compared to TCGA datasets to identify similarities and distinguishing features among subtypes. We identified 146 unique clinically significant variants (Tier I and II) across 45 of the 212 genes (21%), in 87% (83/95) of cases. TP53, PTEN, ARID1A, PIK3CA and ATM were the most commonly mutated genes; CCNE1 and ERBB2 amplifications were the most frequently detected copy-number alterations. PARP inhibitors were among the most commonly reported drug class with clinical trials, consistent with the frequency of DNA damage-response pathway mutations in our cohort. Overall, our study provides additional insight into the molecular profiles of gynecologic cancers, highlighting regulatory pathways involved, raising the potential implications for targeted therapeutic options currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Nie
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Gregory Omerza
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Harshpreet Chandok
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Matthew Prego
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Bridgette Meyers
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Andrew Hesse
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Jasmina Uvalic
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Melissa Soucy
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Daniel Bergeron
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Michael Peracchio
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Shelbi Burns
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Shannon Rowe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Jens Rueter
- The Maine Cancer Genomics Initiative, The Jackson Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04330, United States.
| | - Honey V Reddi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States.
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12
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Hsiao CY, Chen TH, Lee YC, Hsiao MC, Hung PH, Chen YY, Wang MC. Urolithiasis Is a Risk Factor for Uroseptic Shock and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Urinary Tract Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:288. [PMID: 31867338 PMCID: PMC6906152 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication in patients with urolithiasis. This study aimed to compare clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes among UTI patients with or without urolithiasis. It also focused on identifying relationships among urolithiasis, uroseptic shock, and acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective study enrolled hospitalized UTI patients who underwent imaging in an acute care setting from January 2006 to March 2015. Of 662 participants enrolled, 113 (17.1%) had urolithiasis, 107 (16.2%) developed uroseptic shock, and 184 (27.8%) developed AKI. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in UTI patients, urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of uroseptic shock (OR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.08-3.02, P = 0.025), AKI (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.22-3.12, P = 0.005), and bacteremia (OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.08-2.64, P = 0.022). Urolithiasis is common in UTI patients and is associated with an increased risk of uroseptic shock and AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Peir-Haur Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Life Science and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Hsiao MC, Holinka L, Peracchio M, Kelly K, Hesse A, Lau C, Reddi H. PATH-46. DETECTING MISDIAGNOSED ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (ATRT) BY DNA METHYLATION-BASED TUMOR CLASSIFICATION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brain tumor diagnostics is achieved by combining morphology assessment and biomarker identification. However, the inter-observer variability of the histopathological diagnosis and lack of distinctive biomarkers makes these diagnoses particularly challenging. Recently, the potential for methylation-based characterization has been developed for brain tumors. To provide accurate and efficient brain tumor diagnostics, The Jackson Laboratory developed a DNA methylation array (Illumina Infinium HD Methylation EPIC), combining the “Classifier” established by the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), which can identify 82 distinct central nervous system tumors. Here we present a pediatric patient referred to us for medulloblastoma subtype classification by the methylation profile. Surprisingly, the array classified the tumor type as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), subclass SHH. Also, the CNV profile indicated the SMARCB1/INI1 heterozygous deletion as part of the chromosome 22q deletion typically seen in ATRT, and absent was the isochromosome 17q commonly associated with medulloblastoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression leading to ATRT. Additionally, our NGS panel found a novel SMARCB1/INI1 frameshift variant c.1150delG (p.Ala384fs) in the last exon (exon 9). Although this variant is not expected to induce nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, it is located in the ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling complex domain Sfh1/SNF5 (IPR017393), which is associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, ClinVar reported several pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in this domain, further supporting SMARCB1/INI1 c.1150delG which, together with the SMARCB1/INI1 deletion, may contribute to the loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression, resulting in ATRT. We have identified the ATRT misclassification by the methylation profile and characterized a novel SMARCB1/INI1 variant c.1150delG most likely contributing to ATRT. We further propose that the DNA methylation profile will significantly improve the brain tumor diagnostics for cases with ambiguous, or contradictory histology and molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Holinka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Andrew Hesse
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Ching Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Honey Reddi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
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14
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Koczkowska M, Chen Y, Callens T, Gomes A, Sharp A, Johnson S, Hsiao MC, Chen Z, Balasubramanian M, Barnett CP, Becker TA, Ben-Shachar S, Bertola DR, Blakeley JO, Burkitt-Wright EMM, Callaway A, Crenshaw M, Cunha KS, Cunningham M, D'Agostino MD, Dahan K, De Luca A, Destrée A, Dhamija R, Eoli M, Evans DGR, Galvin-Parton P, George-Abraham JK, Gripp KW, Guevara-Campos J, Hanchard NA, Hernández-Chico C, Immken L, Janssens S, Jones KJ, Keena BA, Kochhar A, Liebelt J, Martir-Negron A, Mahoney MJ, Maystadt I, McDougall C, McEntagart M, Mendelsohn N, Miller DT, Mortier G, Morton J, Pappas J, Plotkin SR, Pond D, Rosenbaum K, Rubin K, Russell L, Rutledge LS, Saletti V, Schonberg R, Schreiber A, Seidel M, Siqveland E, Stockton DW, Trevisson E, Ullrich NJ, Upadhyaya M, van Minkelen R, Verhelst H, Wallace MR, Yap YS, Zackai E, Zonana J, Zurcher V, Claes K, Martin Y, Korf BR, Legius E, Messiaen LM. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in NF1: Evidence for a More Severe Phenotype Associated with Missense Mutations Affecting NF1 Codons 844-848. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:69-87. [PMID: 29290338 PMCID: PMC5777934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder with a birth incidence of 1:2,000-3,000, is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation. To date, only two clinically relevant intragenic genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported for NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809 and a single amino acid deletion p.Met922del. Both variants predispose to a distinct mild NF1 phenotype with neither externally visible cutaneous/plexiform neurofibromas nor other tumors. Here, we report 162 individuals (129 unrelated probands and 33 affected relatives) heterozygous for a constitutional missense mutation affecting one of five neighboring NF1 codons-Leu844, Cys845, Ala846, Leu847, and Gly848-located in the cysteine-serine-rich domain (CSRD). Collectively, these recurrent missense mutations affect ∼0.8% of unrelated NF1 mutation-positive probands in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) cohort. Major superficial plexiform neurofibromas and symptomatic spinal neurofibromas were more prevalent in these individuals compared with classic NF1-affected cohorts (both p < 0.0001). Nearly half of the individuals had symptomatic or asymptomatic optic pathway gliomas and/or skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, variants in this region seem to confer a high predisposition to develop malignancies compared with the general NF1-affected population (p = 0.0061). Our results demonstrate that these NF1 missense mutations, although located outside the GAP-related domain, may be an important risk factor for a severe presentation. A genotype-phenotype correlation at the NF1 region 844-848 exists and will be valuable in the management and genetic counseling of a significant number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tom Callens
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Sharp
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sherrell Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | | | - Troy A Becker
- Medical Genetics, John Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- The Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Debora R Bertola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emma M M Burkitt-Wright
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Alison Callaway
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Melissa Crenshaw
- Medical Genetics, John Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Karin S Cunha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Mitch Cunningham
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Maria D D'Agostino
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Karin Dahan
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Anne Destrée
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Radhika Dhamija
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Marica Eoli
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | | | | | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Al DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Jose Guevara-Campos
- Pediatrics Service, Felipe Guevara Rojas Hospital, University of Oriente, El Tigre-Anzoátegui, Venezuela 6034, Spain
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Concepcion Hernández-Chico
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cayal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain and Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - LaDonna Immken
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Beth A Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaina Kochhar
- Department of Genetics, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, CA 93636, USA
| | - Jan Liebelt
- Women's and Children's Hospital/SA Pathology, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Arelis Martir-Negron
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics (IPG), Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - David T Miller
- Multidisciplinary Neurofibromatosis Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Jenny Morton
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - John Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetic Services, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dinel Pond
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Kenneth Rosenbaum
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Karol Rubin
- University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Laura Russell
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lane S Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rhonda Schonberg
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Allison Schreiber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Meredith Seidel
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth Siqveland
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - David W Stockton
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy and Italy Istituto di Ricerca Pediatria, IRP, Città della Speranza, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GE, the Netherlands
| | - Helene Verhelst
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Margaret R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Zonana
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vickie Zurcher
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yolanda Martin
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cayal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain and Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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15
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Schmitz T, Bassler N, Blaickner M, Ziegner M, Hsiao MC, Liu YH, Koivunoro H, Auterinen I, Serén T, Kotiluoto P, Palmans H, Sharpe P, Langguth P, Hampel G. The alanine detector in BNCT dosimetry: dose response in thermal and epithermal neutron fields. Med Phys 2015; 42:400-11. [PMID: 25563280 DOI: 10.1118/1.4901299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The response of alanine solid state dosimeters to ionizing radiation strongly depends on particle type and energy. Due to nuclear interactions, neutron fields usually also consist of secondary particles such as photons and protons of diverse energies. Various experiments have been carried out in three different neutron beams to explore the alanine dose response behavior and to validate model predictions. Additionally, application in medical neutron fields for boron neutron capture therapy is discussed. METHODS Alanine detectors have been irradiated in the thermal neutron field of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz, Germany, in five experimental conditions, generating different secondary particle spectra. Further irradiations have been made in the epithermal neutron beams at the research reactors FiR 1 in Helsinki, Finland, and Tsing Hua open pool reactor in HsinChu, Taiwan ROC. Readout has been performed with electron spin resonance spectrometry with reference to an absorbed dose standard in a (60)Co gamma ray beam. Absorbed doses and dose components have been calculated using the Monte Carlo codes fluka and mcnp. The relative effectiveness (RE), linking absorbed dose and detector response, has been calculated using the Hansen & Olsen alanine response model. RESULTS The measured dose response of the alanine detector in the different experiments has been evaluated and compared to model predictions. Therefore, a relative effectiveness has been calculated for each dose component, accounting for its dependence on particle type and energy. Agreement within 5% between model and measurement has been achieved for most irradiated detectors. Significant differences have been observed in response behavior between thermal and epithermal neutron fields, especially regarding dose composition and depth dose curves. The calculated dose components could be verified with the experimental results in the different primary and secondary particle fields. CONCLUSIONS The alanine detector can be used without difficulty in neutron fields. The response has been understood with the model used which includes the relative effectiveness. Results and the corresponding discussion lead to the conclusion that application in neutron fields for medical purpose is limited by its sensitivity but that it is a useful tool as supplement to other detectors and verification of neutron source descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmitz
- Institute for nuclear chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - N Bassler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Blaickner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna A-1220, Austria
| | - M Ziegner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna A-1220, Austria and TU Wien, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1020, Austria
| | - M C Hsiao
- Insitute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y H Liu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H Koivunoro
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014, Finland and HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - I Auterinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - T Serén
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - P Kotiluoto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - H Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom and Medical Physics Group, EBG MedAustron GmbH, Wiener Neustadt A-2700, Austria
| | - P Sharpe
- National Physical Laboratory, Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Division, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Langguth
- Department of Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - G Hampel
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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16
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Hsiao MC, Piotrowski A, Callens T, Fu C, Wimmer K, Claes KBM, Messiaen L. Decoding NF1 Intragenic Copy-Number Variations. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:238-49. [PMID: 26189818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements can cause both Mendelian and complex disorders. Currently, several major mechanisms causing genomic rearrangements, such as non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS), and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR), have been proposed. However, to what extent these mechanisms contribute to gene-specific pathogenic copy-number variations (CNVs) remains understudied. Furthermore, few studies have resolved these pathogenic alterations at the nucleotide-level. Accordingly, our aim was to explore which mechanisms contribute to a large, unique set of locus-specific non-recurrent genomic rearrangements causing the genetic neurocutaneous disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Through breakpoint-spanning PCR as well as array comparative genomic hybridization, we have identified the breakpoints in 85 unrelated individuals carrying an NF1 intragenic CNV. Furthermore, we characterized the likely rearrangement mechanisms of these 85 CNVs, along with those of two additional previously published NF1 intragenic CNVs. Unlike the most typical recurrent rearrangements mediated by flanking low-copy repeats (LCRs), NF1 intragenic rearrangements vary in size, location, and rearrangement mechanisms. We propose the DNA-replication-based mechanisms comprising both FoSTeS and/or MMBIR and serial replication stalling to be the predominant mechanisms leading to NF1 intragenic CNVs. In addition to the loop within a 197-bp palindrome located in intron 40, four Alu elements located in introns 1, 2, 3, and 50 were also identified as intragenic-rearrangement hotspots within NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tom Callens
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chuanhua Fu
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathleen B M Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan, 185 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ludwine Messiaen
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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17
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Hsiao MC, Piotrowski A, Alexander J, Callens T, Fu C, Mikhail FM, Claes KBM, Messiaen L. Palindrome-mediated and replication-dependent pathogenic structural rearrangements within the NF1 gene. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:891-8. [PMID: 24760680 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Palindromic sequences can form hairpin structures or cruciform extrusions, which render them susceptible to genomic rearrangements. A 197-bp long palindromic AT-rich repeat (PATRR17) is located within intron 40 of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene (17q11.2). Through comprehensive NF1 analysis, we identified six unrelated patients with a rearrangement involving intron 40 (five deletions and one reciprocal translocation t(14;17)(q32;q11.2)). We hypothesized that PATRR17 may be involved in these rearrangements thereby causing NF1. Breakpoint cloning revealed that PATRR17 was indeed involved in all of the rearrangements. As microhomology was present at all breakpoint junctions of the deletions identified, and PATRR17 partner breakpoints were located within 7.1 kb upstream of PATRR17, fork stalling and template switching/microhomology-mediated break-induced replication was the most likely rearrangement mechanism. For the reciprocal translocation case, a 51 bp insertion at the translocation breakpoints mapped to a short sequence within PATRR17, proximal to the breakpoint, suggesting a multiple stalling and rereplication process, in contrast to previous studies indicating a purely replication-independent mechanism for PATRR-mediated translocations. In conclusion, we show evidence that PATRR17 is a hotspot for pathogenic intragenic deletions within the NF1 gene and suggest a novel replication-dependent mechanism for PATRR-mediated translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Abstract
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) play important roles in gene regulation and genome evolution. Although there exist several online resources for SSR mining, most of them only extract general SSR patterns without providing functional information. Here, an online search tool, CG-SSR (Comparative Genomics SSR discovery), has been developed for discovering potential functional SSRs from vertebrate genomes through cross-species comparison. In addition to revealing SSR candidates in conserved regions among various species, it also combines accurate coordinate and functional genomics information. CG-SSR is the first comprehensive and efficient online tool for conserved SSR discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Wen Pai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tun-Wen Pai, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No 2, Peining Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel +886 2 2462 2192, Ex 6618, Fax +886 2 2462 3249, Email
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ronshan Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shyong Tzou
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Hua Hu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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19
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Hsiao MC, Wang HP, Chang JE, Peng CY. Tracking of copper species in incineration fly ashes. J Hazard Mater 2006; 138:539-42. [PMID: 16839673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of copper in the incineration waste heat boiler (HB) and the down stream electrostatic precipitator (EP) fly ashes during the flue gas cooling down (1123-->473 K) has been studied by X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy in the present work. Copper species such as Cu(OH)(2) (59-67%), CuCl(2) (5-12%), CuO (24-26%), and a small amount of CuS (3-4%) in fly ashes were determined by semi-quantitative analyses of the XANES spectra. In the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) tests, about 83 and 20% of copper were leached from the EP and HB fly ashes, respectively. The relatively high leachability of copper for the EP fly ash might be due to the fact that CuCl(2) was enriched on the surfaces as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the contrary, CuCl(2) was mainly encapsulated in the HB fly ashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
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20
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Ku CC, Wang HP, Lee PH, Hsiao MC, Huang HL, Wang HC. Speciation of chromium in an electroplating sludge during thermal stabilization. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:860-865. [PMID: 14672143 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Ku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Hsiao MC, Wang HP. Speciation of copper in a contaminated soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:804-809. [PMID: 14672135 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
The speciation of copper and zinc in the incineration fly ash of a municipal solid waste in Taiwan was investigated in the present work. By the least-squares fitted X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy, we found that CuCO3, CuOH2, and CuO (fractions of 0.09, 0.39 and 0.51, respectively) were the main copper species in the fly ash. Quantitative analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structural (EXAFS) spectra indicated that the bond distance of Cu-O in the fly ash was 1.96 A with a coordination number (CN) of 3.9 in the first shell of copper. In the second shell, the bond distance and CN of Cu-(O)-Cu were 2.91 A and 2.7, respectively. In addition, speciation of Zn was also examined in the same X-ray absorption energy (8780-9970 eV). The bond distance of Zn-O and Zn-O-Zn were 1.97 and 2.94 A, respectively. However, the Zn-O-Cu structure was not found because of the physically unreasonable sigma(2) (Debye-Waller factor) values in the EXAFS data fitting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Hsieh JH, Chang YC, Chung JL, Hsiao MC, Chen SC, Yen CT, Chai CY. The relationship between FTL and NA, DMV or CVLM in central cardiovascular control. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2001; 44:169-79. [PMID: 11908546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the lateral tegmental field (FTL), a cardioinhibitory area, with other cardioinhibitory areas, i.e., the ambiguus nucleus (NA) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), a vasopressor inhibitory area. In 55 cats anesthetized with chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethane (400 mg/kg), the cardiovascular responses of heart rate (HR), systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. The FTL, NA, DMV and CVLM were identified first by stimulation (rectangular pulses in 80 Hz, 0.5 ms, 50-100 microA) and then confirmed by microinjection of sodium glutamate (Glu, 0.25M, 70 nl). In studying the influence of NA, DMV, or CVLM lesion on the Gluinduced responses in FTL, kainic acid (KA, 24 mM, 100 nl) was microinjected into the NA, DMV or CVLM. FTL stimulation produced an average decrease of HR by 55%. After KA lesioning of the ipsilateral NA or the DMV, the decreased HR induced by FTL was significantly diminished. After subsequent lesion of the contralateral DMV or NA, the bradycardia of FTL was abolished. The reduction of resting HR was more intense after lesioning the NA than DMV and with the left side more than that of the right side. These studies suggest that the cardioinhibitory responses of FTL are mediated through both NA and DMV with predominance of the former, while the hypotensive effect of FTL is mediated through CVLM. The precise pathway responsible for the FTL-induced bradycardia and hypotension is to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Abstract
Speciation of copper in the fly ash solidification process has been studied by X-ray based spectroscopies inthe present work. Fourier transformed EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structural) spectra of the solidified fly ashes showed that the bond distance of Cu-O (first shell) was 1.96 A with a coordination number (CN) of about 3.0. However, in the second shell of copper atoms, the bond distance of Cu-(O)-Cu was decreased by 0.12-0.22 A during solidification, which might cause the stabilization of the CuO species in the solidified fly ash matrix. By the least-squares fits of the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structural) spectra, fractions of the main copper species in the solidified fly ashes such as CuCl2 (0.08-0.11), Cu2O (0.07-0.09), Cu(OH)2 (0.31-0.33), and CuO (0.49-0.52) were observed. Combined EXAFS and XANES observations suggested that chemical reactions such as hydroxylation of CuCl2 and oxidation of Cu2O and/or metallic Cu might involve in the solidification process, which also led to a significant reduction of the leachability of copper from the solidified fly ashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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25
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Hsiao MC, Wang HP, Huang YJ, Yang YW. EXAFS study of copper in waste incineration fly ashes. J Synchrotron Radiat 2001; 8:931-933. [PMID: 11512983 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049500020987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Accepted: 12/21/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper species such as CuCO3, Cu(OH)2, CuS and CuO were found in the bag house and EP (electrostatic precipitator) fly ashes of waste incineration processes by X-ray absorption near edge structural (XANES) spectroscopy. A small amount of Cu(I) and metallic Cu was found in the bag house fly ash. The averaged Cu-O bond distance in the fly ashes determined by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structural) was 1.96 A with coordination numbers of 2.4-3.9. However, the Cu-(O)-Cu (2nd shell) bond distance of the fly ashes in the incineration process was decreased by 0.19-0.21 A if compared to that of the CuO standard. The coordination numbers of the 2nd shell contribution to the bag house fly ash were not very significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Abstract
Penicillium notatum is a well-known indoor aeroallergen and is frequently included in skin test panels for allergic diagnosis. On two-dimensional immunoblotting using patients' sera containing IgE and monoclonal antibody D7B8 specific for Pen c 1 of P. citrinum, two allergens with a molecular mass of 33 kDa but different isoelectric points were identified. A novel cDNA coding for Pen n 13 was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence codes for a protein 397 amino acids including a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids and a propeptide of 90 amino acids. The allergen is an alkaline serine protease that shares more than 39% identical residues with other kinds of mold allergens. The coding cDNA of Pen n 13 was cloned into vector pQE-30 and expressed in E. coli M15 as a His-tag fusion protein and purified to homogeneity. The fusion protein reacted with monoclonal antibodies of Pen c 1 and with IgE from Penicillium-allergic patients. Furthermore, it also cross-reacted strongly with IgE specific for the natural Pen c 1, indicating that similar IgE binding epitopes may exist in the allergens of P. notatum and P. citrinum. Antigenicity index plots indicated that there are several similar epitope regions of high antigenic indices in Pen c 1 and Pen n 13, corroborating that mold allergens belonging to the alkaline serine protease family possess similar protein structure and strong antigenic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Chow
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
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27
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Abstract
Patients who visited the psychiatric outpatient service of Chang Gung Medical Centre, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan during an 8-year period were studied retrospectively. Among the 10,418 outpatients, 86 (0.83%) were diagnosed as having DSM-IV delusional disorder (DD), including 61 (70.9%) with persecutory type, 12 (14.0%) with the mixed type, seven (8.1%) with jealous type, two (2.3%) with somatic type, two (2.1%) with unspecified type, one (1.2%) with erotomanic type, and another one with grandiose type. The ratio of women to men was 0.86. The mean age at onset was 42.4 +/- 15.41 years, with women being older than men. Thirty-seven cases (43.0%) presented with depressive symptoms at their first visit. Subjects were divided into four groups: persecutory type, jealous type, mixed type and others. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of gender, age at onset, time-lapse before seeking psychiatric help, the presence of hallucination or the presence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
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28
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Abstract
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a rare condition within the progressive myoclonic epilepsies syndrome (PME), with a triad of action myoclonus, grand mal seizure and severe cerebellar ataxia. There are few reports about the psychiatric disturbances associated with PME or RHS. The present study examines the evidence that RHS may accompany an organic mental syndrome, ethanol's effective suppression of myoclonus, and the possible resultant problem of alcohol dependence in RHS patients. Two brothers with the previous long-standing diagnosis of RHS and their mental symptoms of persecutory delusion and depression are reported, as well as the additional problem of alcohol dependence in one of them. The cerebellar dysfunction found in RHS may be associated with an underlying organic condition. Determination of the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and psychosis in RHS will require further study. Although the mechanism of the suppression of myoclonus by alcohol remains unclear, patients should be allowed to drink socially, and alcohol consumption should not be totally prohibited. However, effective treatment of the problems of alcohol tolerance, abuse, or dependence requires the cooperation of both neurologists and psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
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29
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Nair MG, Nanavati NT, Nair IG, Kisliuk RL, Gaumont Y, Hsiao MC, Kalman TI. Folate analogues. 26. Syntheses and antifolate activity of 10-substituted derivatives of 5,8-dideazafolic acid and of the poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (PDDF). J Med Chem 1986; 29:1754-60. [PMID: 3091832 DOI: 10.1021/jm00159a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The poly-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of n10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (PDDF) with a chain length of up to five glutamate residues were synthesized from N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazapteroic acid by the solid-phase procedure. These compounds were evaluated for their antifolate activity using folate-requiring microorganisms and intact and permeabilized L1210 cells and as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase derived from L. casei. The polyglutamylated derivatives of PDDF (1) were more active than the parent compound in inhibiting the growth of L. casei, thymidylate synthesis in permeabilized L1210 cells, and L. casei thymidylate synthase. Two analogues of 5,8-dideazafolic acid (2 and 3), one with a 2-butyne and another with a cyclopropylmethyl substituent at N10, were also synthesized and evaluated for their antifolate activities using the above-mentioned test systems. They were considerably less active than PDDF or its polyglutamylated derivatives. N10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazapteroyl tri-, tetra-, and pentaglutamates were equipotent with 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate as inhibitors of thymidylate synthesis in permeabilized L1210 cells. The polyglutamyl metabolites of PDDF were shown to be the most potent antifolate inhibitors of L. casei and L1210 thymidylate synthases yet described.
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