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Ramdani C, Ogier M, Coutrot A. Communicating and reading emotion with masked faces in the Covid era: A short review of the literature. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114755. [PMID: 35963061 PMCID: PMC9338224 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Face masks have proven to be key to slowing down the SARS-Cov2 virus spread in the COVID-19 pandemic context. However, wearing face masks is not devoid of "side-effects", at both the physical and psychosocial levels. In particular, masks hinder emotion reading from facial expressions as they hide a significant part of the face. This disturbs both holistic and featural processing of facial expressions and, therefore, impairs emotion recognition, and influences many aspects of human social behavior. Communication in general is disrupted by face masks, as they modify the wearer's voice and prevent the audience from using lip reading or other non-verbal cues for speech comprehension. Individuals suffering from psychiatric conditions with impairment of communication, are at higher risk of distress because masks increase their difficulties to read emotions from faces. The identification and acknowledgement of these "side-effects" on communication are necessary because they warrant further work on adaptive solutions that will help foster the use of face masks by the greatest number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Ramdani
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Bretigny sur Orge, France.
| | - Michael Ogier
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Bretigny sur Orge, France
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2
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Boutillier J, Cardona V, Magnan P, Ogier M, De Mezzo S, Montespan F, Menini W, Mosnier J, Naz P, Prat NJ. A New Anthropomorphic Mannequin for Efficacy Evaluation of Thoracic Protective Equipment Against Blast Threats. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786881. [PMID: 35155403 PMCID: PMC8828739 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to blast is one of the major causes of death and disability in recent military conflicts. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the protective capability of the ballistic-proof equipment worn by soldiers against the effects of blast overpressure (i.e., primary blast injuries). A focus will be made on thoracic protective equipment (TPE). An anthropomorphic mannequin, called BOPMAN, and anesthetized swine both wearing soft, hard or no ballistic protection, were subjected to an open-field high-intensity blast. For swine, thoracic wall motion (acceleration and velocity) was recorded during blast exposure and severity of lung injury was evaluated postmortem. Different data were collected from BOPMAN thoracic responses, including reflected and internal pressure, as well as the force at the rear face of the instrumented part. The severity of blast-induced lung injuries (contusion extent, Axelsson Severity Scale) and the thoracic wall motion were decreased in animals protected with thoracic ceramic hard plates as compared to those wearing soft or no protection. There was a clear trend towards greater lung injury in animals protected with the soft body armor used, even when compared to unprotected animals. In line with these experimental data, the measured force as well as the force impulse measured using BOPMAN were also decreased with a ceramic hard plate protection and increased when a soft ballistic pack was used compared to no protection. Comparison of data collected on BOPMAN and swine equipped with the same protection level revealed that those two force parameters were well correlated with the level of blast-induced lung injury (force, R2 = 0.74 and force impulse, R2 = 0.77, p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the force and the force impulse data from BOPMAN may help estimate the efficiency of existing TPE regarding lung protection under blast exposure and may represent an important tool for development of future TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Boutillier
- French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), Saint-Louis, France
- *Correspondence: Johanna Boutillier,
| | - Venetia Cardona
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Pascal Magnan
- French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), Saint-Louis, France
| | - Michael Ogier
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Sébastien De Mezzo
- French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), Saint-Louis, France
| | - Florent Montespan
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - William Menini
- French Military Training Hospital Saint-Anne, Toulon, France
| | - Joël Mosnier
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Pierre Naz
- French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), Saint-Louis, France
| | - Nicolas J. Prat
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France
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3
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Ogier M, Andéol G, Sagui E, Dal Bo G. How to detect and track chronic neurologic sequelae of COVID-19? Use of auditory brainstem responses and neuroimaging for long-term patient follow-up. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100081. [PMID: 32427134 PMCID: PMC7227537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review intends to provide an overview of the current knowledge on neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 and their possible etiology, and, based on available data, proposes possible improvements in current medical care procedures. We conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature on neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, the neuroinvasive propensity of known coronaviruses (CoV) and their possible effects on brain structural and functional integrity. It appears that around one third of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for respiratory difficulties exhibit neurologic symptoms. This may be due to progressive brain damage and dysfunction triggered by severe hypoxia and hypoxemia, heightened inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 dissemination into brain parenchyma, as suggested by current reports and analyses of previous CoV outbreaks. Viral invasion of the brain may particularly target and alter brainstem and thalamic functions and, consequently, result in sensorimotor dysfunctions and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, data collected from other structurally homologous CoV suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to brain cell degeneration and demyelination similar to multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, current evidence warrants further evaluation and long-term follow-up of possible neurologic sequelae in COVID-19 patients. It may be particularly relevant to evaluate brainstem integrity in recovered patients, as it is suspected that this cerebral area may particularly be dysfunctional following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Because CoV infection can potentially lead to chronic neuroinflammation and progressive demyelination, neuroimaging features and signs of MS may also be evaluated in the long term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Guillaume Andéol
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Emmanuel Sagui
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- European Hospital of Marseille, 6 rue Désirée Clary, 13003, Marseille, France
| | - Gregory Dal Bo
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 1 place Valérie André, 91220, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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4
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Clément T, Lee JB, Ichkova A, Rodriguez-Grande B, Fournier ML, Aussudre J, Ogier M, Haddad E, Canini F, Koehl M, Abrous DN, Obenaus A, Badaut J. Juvenile mild traumatic brain injury elicits distinct spatiotemporal astrocyte responses. Glia 2019; 68:528-542. [PMID: 31670865 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mild-traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents ~80% of all emergency room visits and increases the probability of developing long-term cognitive disorders in children. To date, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post-mTBI cognitive dysfunction are unknown. Astrogliosis has been shown to significantly alter astrocytes' properties following brain injury, potentially leading to significant brain dysfunction. However, such alterations have never been investigated in the context of juvenile mTBI (jmTBI). A closed-head injury model was used to study jmTBI on postnatal-day 17 mice. Astrogliosis was evaluated using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin immunolabeling in somatosensory cortex (SSC), dentate gyrus (DG), amygdala (AMY), and infralimbic area (ILA) of prefrontal cortex in both hemispheres from 1 to 30 days postinjury (dpi). In vivo T2-weighted-imaging (T2WI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at 7 and 30 dpi to examine tissue level structural alterations. Increased GFAP-labeling was observed up to 30 dpi in the ipsilateral SSC, the initial site of the impact. However, vimentin and nestin expression was not perturbed by jmTBI. The morphology of GFAP positive cells was significantly altered in the SSC, DG, AMY, and ILA up to 7 dpi that some correlated with magnetic resonance imaging changes. T2WI and DTI values were significantly altered at 30 dpi within these brain regions most prominently in regions distant from the impact site. Our data show that jmTBI triggers changes in astrocytic phenotype with a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. We speculate that the presence and time course of astrogliosis may contribute to pathophysiological processes and long-term structural alterations following jmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong B Lee
- Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ogier
- Département des Neurosciences et Sciences Cognitives, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Elizabeth Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Frederic Canini
- Département des Neurosciences et Sciences Cognitives, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- Neurocentre Magendie INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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5
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Mortagne C, Chireux V, Ledesma-Alonso R, Ogier M, Risso F, Ondarçuhu T, Legendre D, Tordjeman P. Near-field deformation of a liquid interface by atomic force microscopy. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:012802. [PMID: 29347151 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We experiment the interaction between a liquid puddle and a spherical probe by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for a probe radius R ranging from 10 nm to 30 μm. We have developed a new experimental setup by coupling an AFM with a high-speed camera and an inverted optical microscope. Interaction force-distance curves (in contact mode) and frequency shift-distance curves (in frequency modulation mode) are measured for different bulk model liquids for which the probe-liquid Hamaker constant H_{pl} is known. The experimental results, analyzed in the frame of the theoretical model developed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 106104 (2012)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.108.106104 and Phys. Rev. E 85, 061602 (2012)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.85.061602, allow to determine the "jump-to-contact" critical distance d_{min} below which the liquid jumps and wets the probe. Comparison between theory and experiments shows that the probe-liquid interaction at nanoscale is controlled by the liquid interface deformation. This work shows a very good agreement between the theoretical model and the experiments and paves the way to experimental studies of liquids at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mortagne
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Nanosciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - V Chireux
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - R Ledesma-Alonso
- CONACYT -Universidad de Quitana Roo, Boulevar Bahía s/n,Chetumal, 77019, Quitana Roo, México
| | - M Ogier
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Risso
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - T Ondarçuhu
- Nanosciences Group, CEMES-CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - D Legendre
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Ph Tordjeman
- IMFT - Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INPT-UPS, UMR 5502, 1 allée du Professeur Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
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6
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Ogier M, Bricca G, Bader M, Bezin L. Locus Coeruleus Dysfunction in Transgenic Rats with Low Brain Angiotensinogen. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:230-7. [PMID: 26775713 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transgenic TGR(ASrAOGEN)680 (TGR) rats with specific downregulation of glial angiotensinogen (AOGEN) synthesis develop cardiovascular deficits, anxiety, altered response to stress, and depression. Here, we evaluated whether these deficits are associated with alteration of the integrity of the noradrenergic system originating from locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. METHODS Adult TGR rats were compared to control Sprague Dawley rats in terms of the following: tissue levels of transcripts encoding noradrenergic markers, tissue tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein level, in vivo TH activity, density of TH-containing fibers, behavioral response to novelty, locomotor activity, and polysomnography. RESULTS TH expression was increased in the LC of TGR rats compared to controls. In LC terminal fields, there was an increase in density of TH-containing fibers in TGR rats that was associated with an elevation of in vivo TH activity. TGR rats also displayed locomotor hyperactivity in response to novelty. Moreover, polysomnographic studies indicated that daily paradoxical sleep duration was increased in TGR rats and that the paradoxical sleep rebound triggered by total sleep deprivation was blunted in these rats. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that disruption of astroglial AOGEN synthesis leads to cardiovascular, cognitive, behavioral, and sleep disorders that might be partly due to LC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France.,Institute for Epilepsy, IDEE, Lyon, France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Laurent Bezin
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France.,Institute for Epilepsy, IDEE, Lyon, France
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7
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Paban V, Ogier M, Chambon C, Fernandez N, Davidsson J, Risling M, Alescio-Lautier B. Molecular gene expression following blunt and rotational models of traumatic brain injury parallel injuries associated with stroke and depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ogier M, Kerjouan M, Libessart T, Merzoug A, Leroyer C, Desrues B, Jouneau S. [Posterior mediastinal mass]. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:959-62. [PMID: 26232209 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ogier
- EA 3149, EA 3878 (GETBO), IFR 148, département de médecine interne et de pneumologie, université européenne de Bretagne, CHU de La Cavale-Blanche, 29609 Brest, France; Service de pneumologie, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France.
| | - M Kerjouan
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - T Libessart
- Service de radiologie, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - A Merzoug
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier de Fougères, 133, rue de la Forêt, 35300 Fougères, France
| | - C Leroyer
- EA 3149, EA 3878 (GETBO), IFR 148, département de médecine interne et de pneumologie, université européenne de Bretagne, CHU de La Cavale-Blanche, 29609 Brest, France
| | - B Desrues
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - S Jouneau
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France; IRSET UMR 1085, université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
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9
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Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a heterogeneous group of extracellular signaling molecules that play critical roles in the development, maintenance, modulation and plasticity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. A subset of these factors, including members of three multigene families-the neurotrophins, neuropoetic cytokines and the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor ligands-are particularly important for development and regulation of neurons involved in respiratory control. Here, we review the functional biology of these NTFs and their receptors, as well as their roles in regulating survival, maturation, synaptic strength and plasticity in respiratory control pathways. In addition, we highlight recent progress in identifying the role of abnormal NTF signaling in the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory dysfunction in Rett syndrome and in the development of potential new NTF-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Carre E, Ogier M, Boret H, Montcriol A, Bourdon L, Jean-Jacques R. Metabolic crisis in severely head-injured patients: is ischemia just the tip of the iceberg? Front Neurol 2013; 4:146. [PMID: 24130548 PMCID: PMC3795329 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and metabolic crisis are frequent post-traumatic secondary brain insults that negatively influence outcome. Clinicians commonly mix up these two types of insults, mainly because high lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) is the common marker for both ischemia and metabolic crisis. However, LPR elevations during ischemia and metabolic crisis reflect two different energetic imbalances: ischemia (Type 1 LPR elevations with low oxygenation) is characterized by a drastic deprivation of energetic substrates, whereas metabolic crisis (Type 2 LPR elevations with normal or high oxygenation) is associated with profound mitochondrial dysfunction but normal supply of energetic substrates. The discrimination between ischemia and metabolic crisis is crucial because conventional recommendations against ischemia may be detrimental for patients with metabolic crisis. Multimodal monitoring, including microdialysis and brain tissue oxygen monitoring, allows such discrimination, but these techniques are not easily accessible to all head-injured patients. Thus, a new “gold standard” and adapted medical education are required to optimize the management of patients with metabolic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Carre
- Unit of Traumatology, Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees , Bretigny , France
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11
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Richard M, Ramful D, Robillard PY, Mussard C, Loumouamou Y, Ogier M, Tasset C, N'guyen AD, Alessandri JL, Sampériz S, Gérardin P. [Prevalence, severity, and predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a cohort of very preterm infants]. Arch Pediatr 2013; 20:928-37. [PMID: 23829969 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the prevalence and severity of BPD and its predictors in a regional cohort of very preterm (VP) infants in Reunion Island. METHODS All autochthonous VP infants, live-born before the 33rd week of gestation (WG) between 1st January 2008 and 31st December 2009, were eligible for the study. Only VP infants surviving at least 28 days, for whom the parameters were known from birth, were included in the case-control study of predictors of moderate to severe BPD (BPDmo/s). RESULTS In VP infants less than 33 WG, the rate of overall BPD (3 grades of severity) was 30.7%. Among those who survived 28 days or more, the rate of BPDmo/s was 13.1% (95%CI: 10.2-15.9%). In VP infants less than 32 WG that survived at 36 WG, the prevalence of BPDmo/s was 18.2% (95% CI: 14.2-22.1%). In a fixed-effect logistic model, adjusted for gestational age, postnatal growth, and the mode of ventilation at 24h, 4 key factors were predictive of BDPmo/s: small for gestational age, surfactant, delayed energy intake, and late-onset neonatal infection. In a mixed-effect logistic model adjusted for these same cofactors, the site was associated with BPDmo/s, in line with a center-effect. CONCLUSION The prevalence of BPDmo/s in the mixed-race population of Reunion Island is consistent with those observed in Europe but were site-specific. In our setting, predictors of individual BPDmo/s are similar to those already identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Richard
- Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique, pôle Femme-Mère-Enfant, groupe hospitalier Sud-Réunion, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre cedex, Réunion
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12
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Schmid DA, Yang T, Ogier M, Adams I, Mirakhur Y, Wang Q, Massa SM, Longo FM, Katz DM. A TrkB small molecule partial agonist rescues TrkB phosphorylation deficits and improves respiratory function in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Neurosci 2012; 32:1803-10. [PMID: 22302819 PMCID: PMC3710112 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0865-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) results from loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and is characterized by abnormal motor, respiratory and autonomic control, cognitive impairment, autistic-like behaviors and increased risk of seizures. RTT patients and Mecp2-null mice exhibit reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has been linked in mice to increased respiratory frequency, a hallmark of RTT. The present study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that BDNF deficits in Mecp2 mutants are associated with reduced activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB, and that pharmacologic activation of TrkB would improve respiratory function. We characterized BDNF protein expression, TrkB activation and respiration in heterozygous female Mecp2 mutant mice (Het), a model that recapitulates the somatic mosaicism for mutant MECP2 found in typical RTT patients, and evaluated the ability of a small molecule TrkB agonist, LM22A-4, to ameliorate biochemical and functional abnormalities in these animals. We found that Het mice exhibit (1) reduced BDNF expression and TrkB activation in the medulla and pons and (2) breathing dysfunction, characterized by increased frequency due to periods of tachypnea, and increased apneas, as in RTT patients. Treatment of Het mice with LM22A-4 for 4 weeks rescued wild-type levels of TrkB phosphorylation in the medulla and pons and restored wild-type breathing frequency. These data provide new insight into the role of BDNF signaling deficits in the pathophysiology of RTT and highlight TrkB as a possible therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Schmid
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - Michael Ogier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Ian Adams
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Yatin Mirakhur
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qifang Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Stephen M. Massa
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Computational Neurochemistry and Drug Discovery, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - David M. Katz
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Ladas T, Chan SA, Ogier M, Smith C, Katz DM. Enhanced dense core granule function and adrenal hypersecretion in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:602-10. [PMID: 19674087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive developmental disorder resulting from loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a transcription regulatory protein. The RTT phenotype is complex and includes severe cardiorespiratory abnormalities, dysautonomia and behavioral symptoms of elevated stress. These findings have been attributed to an apparent hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system due to defects in brainstem development; however, the possibility that the peripheral sympathoadrenal axis itself is abnormal has not been explored. The present study demonstrates that the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia of Mecp2 null mice exhibit markedly reduced catecholamine content compared with wild-type controls. Despite this, null animals exhibit significantly higher plasma epinephrine levels, suggesting enhanced secretory granule function in adrenal chromaffin cells. Indeed, we find that Mecp2 null chromaffin cells exhibit a cell autonomous hypersecretory phenotype characterized by significant increases in the speed and size of individual secretory granule fusion events in response to electrical stimulation. These findings appear to indicate accelerated formation and enhanced dilation of the secretory granule fusion pore, resulting in elevated catecholamine release. Our data therefore highlight abnormal catecholamine function in the sympathoadrenal axis as a potential source of autonomic dysfunction in RTT. These findings may help to explain the apparent 'overactivity' of the sympathetic nervous system reported in patients with RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ladas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ogier M, Katz DM. Breathing dysfunction in Rett syndrome: understanding epigenetic regulation of the respiratory network. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 164:55-63. [PMID: 18534925 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severely arrhythmic breathing is a hallmark of Rett syndrome (RTT) and profoundly affects quality of life for patients and their families. The last decade has seen the identification of the disease-causing gene, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) and the development of mouse models that phenocopy many aspects of the human syndrome, including breathing dysfunction. Recent studies have begun to characterize the breathing phenotype of Mecp2 mutant mice and to define underlying electrophysiological and neurochemical deficits. The picture that is emerging is one of defects in synaptic transmission throughout the brainstem respiratory network associated with abnormal expression in several neurochemical signaling systems, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), biogenic amines and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Based on such findings, potential therapeutic strategies aimed at improving breathing by targeting deficits in neurochemical signaling are being explored. This review details our current understanding of respiratory dysfunction and underlying mechanisms in RTT with a particular focus on insights gained from mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
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Ogier M, Wang H, Hong E, Wang Q, Greenberg ME, Katz DM. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and respiratory function improve after ampakine treatment in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Neurosci 2007; 27:10912-7. [PMID: 17913925 PMCID: PMC6672830 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1869-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Although MeCP2 is thought to act as a transcriptional repressor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Mecp2 null mice, which develop an RTT-like phenotype, exhibit progressive deficits in BDNF expression. These deficits are particularly significant in the brainstem and nodose cranial sensory ganglia (NGs), structures critical for cardiorespiratory homeostasis, and may be linked to the severe respiratory abnormalities characteristic of RTT. Therefore, the present study used Mecp2 null mice to further define the role of MeCP2 in regulation of BDNF expression and neural function, focusing on NG neurons and respiratory control. We find that mutant neurons express significantly lower levels of BDNF than wild-type cells in vitro, as in vivo, under both depolarizing and nondepolarizing conditions. However, BDNF levels in mutant NG cells can be increased by chronic depolarization in vitro or by treatment of Mecp2 null mice with CX546, an ampakine drug that facilitates activation of glutamatergic AMPA receptors. Ampakine-treated Mecp2 null mice also exhibit marked functional improvement, characterized by restoration of normal breathing frequency and minute volume. These data demonstrate that BDNF expression remains plastic in Mecp2 null mice and raise the possibility that ampakine compounds could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Elizabeth Hong
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Qifang Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Michael E. Greenberg
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - David M. Katz
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
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Wrobel LJ, Ogier M, Chatonnet F, Autran S, Mézières V, Thoby-Brisson M, McLean H, Taeron C, Champagnat J. Abnormal inspiratory depth in Phox2a haploinsufficient mice. Neuroscience 2007; 145:384-92. [PMID: 17218061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of genes encoding Phox2a or Phox2b transcription factors induce modifications of different brainstem neuronal networks. Such modifications are associated with defects in breathing behavior at birth. In particular, an abnormal breathing frequency is observed in Phox2a-/- mutant mice, resulting from abnormal development of the locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus. However, the role of Phox2a proteins in the establishment of respiratory neuronal pathways is unknown, largely because mutants die shortly after birth. In the present study, we examined the effects of a haploinsufficiency of the Phox2a gene. Phox2a heterozygotes survive and exhibit a significantly larger inspiratory volume both during normoxic breathing and in response to hypoxia and a delayed maturation of inspiratory duration compared to wild-type animals. This phenotype accompanied by an unaltered frequency is evident at birth and persists until at least postnatal day 10. Morphological analyses of Phox2a+/- animals revealed no anomaly in the LC region, but highlighted an increase in the number of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, a marker of chemoafferent neurons, in the petrosal sensory ganglion. These data indicate that Phox2a plays a critical role in the ontogeny of the reflex control of inspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wrobel
- Neurobiologie Génétique et Intégrative, UPR2216 CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Wang H, Chan SA, Ogier M, Hellard D, Wang Q, Smith C, Katz DM. Dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurosecretory function in Mecp2 null mice. J Neurosci 2006; 26:10911-5. [PMID: 17050729 PMCID: PMC6674736 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1810-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression are proposed to contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurological disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2). Although MeCP2 is a transcriptional regulator of BDNF, it is unknown how MeCP2 mutations affect transsynaptic BDNF signaling. Our findings demonstrate an early, abnormal neurosecretory phenotype in MeCP2-deficient neurons characterized by significant increases in the percentage of cellular BDNF content available for release. However, loss of MeCP2 also results in deficits in total cell BDNF content that are developmentally regulated in a cell-type-specific manner. Thus, the net effect of MeCP2 loss on absolute BDNF secretion changes with age and is determined by both the amount of BDNF available for release and progressive declines in total cellular BDNF. We propose, therefore, that loss of MeCP2 function disrupts transsynaptic BDNF signaling by perturbing the normal balance between BDNF protein levels and secretion. However, mutant neurons are capable of secreting wild-type levels of BDNF in response to high-frequency electrical stimulation. In addition, we found elevated exocytic function in Mecp2(-/y) adrenal chromaffin cells, indicating that the Mecp2 null mutation is associated with alterations of neurosecretion that are not restricted to BDNF. These findings are the first examples of abnormal neuropeptide and catecholamine secretion in a mouse model of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyue-an Chan
- Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4975
| | | | | | | | - Corey Smith
- Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4975
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Ogier M, Bezin L, Cottet-Emard JM, Bader M, Vincent M, Pequignot JM, McGregor J, Bricca G. Delayed maturation of catecholamine phenotype in nucleus tractus solitarius of rats with glial angiotensinogen depletion. Hypertension 2003; 42:978-84. [PMID: 14517224 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000094982.97568.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral catecholamines and angiotensins are both involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that angiotensin II modulates noradrenergic neurotransmission by controlling both the expression and neuritic trafficking of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. To assess the potential existence of such mechanisms in vivo, we compared TH phenotype ontogeny in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which is the first central relay of the baroreflex, between control Sprague-Dawley rats and TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats (TG) with glial specific angiotensinogen (AOGEN) depletion. TG displayed a delayed increase in both TH-mRNA and TH protein levels, which sharply rises in the NTS of control rats within the fourth week. The delayed maturation of TH phenotype also affected the presence of TH protein in the neuropil, not only within the NTS region but also within the ventrolateral medulla. This was evidenced by a large decrease in the density of TH-containing neuronal processes in TG at 4 weeks only, without noticeable modification of the labeling of the neuritic marker MAP2, suggesting that neuritic trafficking of TH protein was transiently altered. These results indicate that glial AOGEN is crucial to coordinate within the fourth week the mechanisms driving the maturation of NTS catecholaminergic neurons and suggest that impairment of the central angiotensinergic system early in development can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction related to altered maturation of catecholaminergic neurons located in both the dorsal and the ventrolateral medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ogier
- UCBL EA 1582, Faculté de médecine Laënnec, 8 rue G. Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Ogier M, Barnett D. Management: unhappy learners ahead? Nurs Mirror 1985; 161:18-20. [PMID: 3848961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Froment A, Milon H, Dupont JC, Duverneuil G, Gresle Y, Ogier M, Ravier E. [Study of relations between weight changes and arterial pressure in 2 groups of normal patients]. Rev Lyon Med 1969; 18:815-24. [PMID: 5402859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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