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Sells SN, Podruzny KM, Nowak JJ, Smucker TD, Parks TW, Boyd DK, Nelson AA, Lance NJ, Inman RM, Gude JA, Bassing SB, Loonam KE, Mitchell MS. Integrating basic and applied research to estimate carnivore abundance. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2714. [PMID: 36184581 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A clear connection between basic research and applied management is often missing or difficult to discern. We present a case study of integration of basic research with applied management for estimating abundance of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Montana, USA. Estimating wolf abundance is a key component of wolf management but is costly and time intensive as wolf populations continue to grow. We developed a multimodel approach using an occupancy model, mechanistic territory model, and empirical group size model to improve abundance estimates while reducing monitoring effort. Whereas field-based wolf counts generally rely on costly, difficult-to-collect monitoring data, especially for larger areas or population sizes, our approach efficiently uses readily available wolf observation data and introduces models focused on biological mechanisms underlying territorial and social behavior. In a three-part process, the occupancy model first estimates the extent of wolf distribution in Montana, based on environmental covariates and wolf observations. The spatially explicit mechanistic territory model predicts territory sizes using simple behavioral rules and data on prey resources, terrain ruggedness, and human density. Together, these models predict the number of packs. An empirical pack size model based on 14 years of data demonstrates that pack sizes are positively related to local densities of packs, and negatively related to terrain ruggedness, local mortalities, and intensity of harvest management. Total abundance estimates for given areas are derived by combining estimated numbers of packs and pack sizes. We estimated the Montana wolf population to be smallest in the first year of our study, with 91 packs and 654 wolves in 2007, followed by a population peak in 2011 with 1252 wolves. The population declined ~6% thereafter, coincident with implementation of legal harvest in Montana. Recent numbers have largely stabilized at an average of 191 packs and 1141 wolves from 2016 to 2020. This new approach accounts for biologically based, spatially explicit predictions of behavior to provide more accurate estimates of carnivore abundance at finer spatial scales. By integrating basic and applied research, our approach can therefore better inform decision-making and meet management needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Sells
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | | | - Ty D Smucker
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Great Falls, Montana, USA
| | - Tyler W Parks
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Diane K Boyd
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Justin A Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah B Bassing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kenneth E Loonam
- Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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2
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Forshee SC, Mitchell MS, Stephenson TR. Predator avoidance influences selection of neonatal lambing habitat by Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C. Forshee
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Stephenson
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife 787 N. Main Street, Suite 220 Bishop CA 93514 USA
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Podruzny KM, Ausband DE, Emlen DJ, Gude JA, Smucker TD, Boyd DK, Loonam KE. Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building University of Montana, Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | | | - David E. Ausband
- U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1141 University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Douglas J. Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 1420 E. 6th St. Helena MT 59620
| | - Ty D. Smucker
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 4600 Giant Springs Road Great Falls MT 59405
| | - Diane K. Boyd
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 490 North Meridian Road Kalispell MT 59901
| | - Kenneth E. Loonam
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building University of Montana, Missoula Montana 59812 USA
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Ausband DE, Luis AD, Emlen DJ, Podruzny KM, Gude JA. Economical defence of resources structures territorial space use in a cooperative carnivore. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212512. [PMID: 35016539 PMCID: PMC8753142 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecologists have long sought to understand space use and mechanisms underlying patterns observed in nature. We developed an optimality landscape and mechanistic territory model to understand mechanisms driving space use and compared model predictions to empirical reality. We demonstrate our approach using grey wolves (Canis lupus). In the model, simulated animals selected territories to economically acquire resources by selecting patches with greatest value, accounting for benefits, costs and trade-offs of defending and using space on the optimality landscape. Our approach successfully predicted and explained first- and second-order space use of wolves, including the population's distribution, territories of individual packs, and influences of prey density, competitor density, human-caused mortality risk and seasonality. It accomplished this using simple behavioural rules and limited data to inform the optimality landscape. Results contribute evidence that economical territory selection is a mechanistic bridge between space use and animal distribution on the landscape. This approach and resulting gains in knowledge enable predicting effects of a wide range of environmental conditions, contributing to both basic ecological understanding of natural systems and conservation. We expect this approach will demonstrate applicability across diverse habitats and species, and that its foundation can help continue to advance understanding of spatial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - David E. Ausband
- US Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Angela D. Luis
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Douglas J. Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Peterson CJ, DeCesare NJ, Hayes TA, Bishop CJ, Mitchell MS. Consequences of migratory strategy on habitat selection by mule deer. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Peterson
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
| | - Nicholas J. DeCesare
- Montana Department of Fish Wildlife, and Parks 3201 Spurgin Road Missoula 59804 MT USA
| | - Teagan A. Hayes
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
| | - Chad J. Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
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Loonam KE, Lukacs PM, Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Robinson HS. Assessing the robustness of time-to-event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02388. [PMID: 34156123 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed methods, including time-to-event and space-to-event models, estimate the abundance of unmarked populations from encounter rates with camera trap arrays, addressing a gap in noninvasive wildlife monitoring. However, estimating abundance from encounter rates relies on assumptions that can be difficult to meet in the field, including random movement, population closure, and an accurate estimate of movement speed. Understanding how these models respond to violation of these assumptions will assist in making them more applicable in real-world settings. We used simulated walk models to test the effects of violating the assumptions of the time-to-event model under four scenarios: (1) incorrectly estimating movement speed, (2) violating closure, (3) individuals moving within simplified territories (i.e., movement restricted to partially overlapping circles), (4) and individuals clustering in preferred habitat. The time-to-event model was robust to closure violations, territoriality, and clustering when cameras were placed randomly. However, the model failed to estimate abundance accurately when movement speed was incorrectly estimated or cameras were placed nonrandomly with respect to habitat. We show that the time-to-event model can provide unbiased estimates of abundance when some assumptions that are commonly violated in wildlife studies are not met. Having a robust method for estimating the abundance of unmarked populations with remote cameras will allow practitioners to monitor a more diverse array of populations noninvasively. With the time-to-event model, placing cameras randomly with respect to animal movement and accurately estimating movement speed allows unbiased estimation of abundance. The model is robust to violating the other assumptions we tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Loonam
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Natural Sciences Room 205, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Paul M Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - David E Ausband
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 2885 West Kathleen Avenue, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, 83815, USA
| | - Michael S Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Natural Sciences Room 205, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Hugh S Robinson
- Panthera and Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Natural Sciences Room 205, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
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Peterson CJ, Mitchell MS, DeCesare NJ, Bishop CJ, Sells SS. Habitat selection by wolves and mountain lions during summer in western Montana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254827. [PMID: 34293042 PMCID: PMC8297843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Northern Rockies of the United States, predators like wolves (Canis lupus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) have been implicated in fluctuations or declines in populations of game species like elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In particular, local distributions of these predators may affect ungulate behavior, use of space, and dynamics. Our goal was to develop generalizable predictions of habitat selection by wolves and mountain lions across western Montana. We hypothesized both predator species would select habitat that maximized their chances of encountering and killing ungulates and that minimized their chances of encountering humans. We assessed habitat selection by these predators during summer using within-home range (3rd order) resource selection functions (RSFs) in multiple study areas throughout western Montana, and tested how generalizable RSF predictions were by applying them to out-of-sample telemetry data from separate study areas. Selection for vegetation cover-types varied substantially among wolves in different study areas. Nonetheless, our predictions of 3rd order selection by wolves were highly generalizable across different study areas. Wolves consistently selected simple topography where ungulate prey may be more susceptible to their cursorial hunting mode. Topographic features may serve as better proxies of predation risk by wolves than vegetation cover-types. Predictions of mountain lion distribution were less generalizable. Use of rugged terrain by mountain lions varied across ecosystem-types, likely because mountain lions targeted the habitats of different prey species in each study area. Our findings suggest that features that facilitate the hunting mode of a predator (i.e. simple topography for cursorial predators and hiding cover for stalking predators) may be more generalizable predictors of their habitat selection than features associated with local prey densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Peterson
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. DeCesare
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Bishop
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
| | - Sarah S. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Podruzny KM, Gude JA, Keever AC, Boyd DK, Smucker TD, Nelson AA, Parks TW, Lance NJ, Ross MS, Inman RM. Evidence of economical territory selection in a cooperative carnivore. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210108. [PMID: 33653139 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an outcome of natural selection, animals are probably adapted to select territories economically by maximizing benefits and minimizing costs of territory ownership. Theory and empirical precedent indicate that a primary benefit of many territories is exclusive access to food resources, and primary costs of defending and using space are associated with competition, travel and mortality risk. A recently developed mechanistic model for economical territory selection provided numerous empirically testable predictions. We tested these predictions using location data from grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Montana, USA. As predicted, territories were smaller in areas with greater densities of prey, competitors and low-use roads, and for groups of greater size. Territory size increased before decreasing curvilinearly with greater terrain ruggedness and harvest mortalities. Our study provides evidence for the economical selection of territories as a causal mechanism underlying ecological patterns observed in a cooperative carnivore. Results demonstrate how a wide range of environmental and social conditions will influence economical behaviour and resulting space use. We expect similar responses would be observed in numerous territorial species. A mechanistic approach enables understanding how and why animals select particular territories. This knowledge can be used to enhance conservation efforts and more successfully predict effects of conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Michael S Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kevin M Podruzny
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 E. 6th Street, Helena, MT 59620, USA
| | - Justin A Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 E. 6th Street, Helena, MT 59620, USA
| | - Allison C Keever
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Diane K Boyd
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 490 North Meridian Road, Kalispell, MT 59901, USA
| | - Ty D Smucker
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 4600 Giant Springs Road, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Tyler W Parks
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 3201 Spurgin Road, Missoula, MT 59804, USA
| | - Nathan J Lance
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1400 South 19th, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Michael S Ross
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1400 South 19th, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Robert M Inman
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 E. 6th Street, Helena, MT 59620, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E. Loonam
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - David E. Ausband
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game 2885 Kathleen Avenue Coeur d'Alene ID 83815 USA
| | - Paul M. Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Hugh S. Robinson
- Panthera and Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ausband
- U.S. Geological Survey Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - Sarah B. Bassing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula MT USA
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Burroughs ZT, Mitchell MS, Hiestand B, Winslow J. Prehospital Care of Pediatric Hypoglycemic Seizure Patients in the State of North Carolina: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Acad Emerg Med 2019; 26:1379-1383. [PMID: 31328331 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric seizures are commonly encountered in emergency medical services (EMS). Evidence is accumulating that the rate of hypoglycemia in this setting is low, challenging the concept of routine prehospital glucose measurement. OBJECTIVE We studied factors associated with EMS protocol compliance for glucose testing in children < 18 years of age with a 9-1-1 call for seizure as well as rates of hypoglycemia in the prehospital setting. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the North Carolina EMS registry from 2013 to 2014. North Carolina EMS protocols require glucose measurement prior to seizure treatment. Scene calls for patients ≤ 17 years with a complaint of seizure were included. We calculated incidence of testing, hypoglycemia, and the relative risk of compliance with glucose measurement. RESULTS There were 13,182 calls for seizure, of which 6,262 (47.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 46.6% to 48.3%) had a glucose obtained. Hypoglycemia (glucose < 60 mg/dL) was present in 78 of 6,262 (1.25%, 95% CI = 0.97% to 1.5%) patients. Glucose was supplemented in 61 patients (median glucose 61 mg/dL, interquartile range = 51 to 67 mg/dL). Testing rates increased with age (relative risk [RR] = 1.04 per year, 95% CI = 1.03-1.04 per year), emergency medical technician-paramedic (EMT-P) presence (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.3) and with antiepileptic medication use (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.2). Testing was less likely in nonwhite patients (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Compliance is suboptimal, varying with patient age, race, and EMT-P presence. Testing increases when antiepileptic drugs are used. Hypoglycemia in tested patients was infrequent; however, proper treatment for hypoglycemic seizures will not be delivered if testing does not occur. It is worthwhile examining the utility of routine testing in this setting; however, until such time as protocols are revised, regional EMS administration should focus on education and uniform compliance with state protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Burroughs
- Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville SC
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineWinston‐Salem NC
| | - Brian Hiestand
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
| | - James Winslow
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC
- North Carolina Office of Emergency Medical Services Raleigh NC
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Merkle JA, Anderson NJ, Baxley DL, Chopp M, Gigliotti LC, Gude JA, Harms TM, Johnson HE, Merrill EH, Mitchell MS, Mong TW, Nelson J, Norton AS, Sheriff MJ, Tomasik E, VanBeek KR. A collaborative approach to bridging the gap between wildlife managers and researchers. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerod A. Merkle
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of Wyoming Department 3166, 1000 E University Ave Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Neil J. Anderson
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 490 N Meridian Rd Kalispell MT 59901 USA
| | - Danna L. Baxley
- The Nature Conservancy 114 Woodland Ave Lexington KY 40502 USA
| | - Matthew Chopp
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 3377 E U.S. Highway 90 Lake City FL 32055 USA
| | - Laura C. Gigliotti
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson University 261 Lehotsky Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 1420 E 6th Ave Helena MT 59620 USA
| | - Tyler M. Harms
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources 1436 255th St Boone IA 50036 USA
| | - Heather E. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center 4210 University Dr Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Evelyn H. Merrill
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitWildlife Biology Program, University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Tony W. Mong
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department 2820 State Highway 120 Cody WY 82414 USA
| | - Jerry Nelson
- Washington Department of Fish and WildlifeP.O. Box 43141 Olympia WA 98504 USA
| | - Andrew S. Norton
- South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks 4130 Adventure Trail Rapid City SD 57702 USA
| | - Michael J. Sheriff
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 285 Old Westport Rd North Dartmouth MA 02747 USA
| | - Eric Tomasik
- U.S. Forest Service 26 Fort Missoula Rd Missoula MT 59804 USA
| | - Kelly R. VanBeek
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 505 Science Dr, Suite A Madison WI 53711 USA
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Barker KJ, Mitchell MS, Proffitt KM. Native forage mediates influence of irrigated agriculture on migratory behaviour of elk. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1100-1110. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. DeVoe
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks1400 South 19th StreetBozemanMT59718USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological SurveyMontana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit 205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
| | | | - Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
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Bassing SB, Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Lukacs P, Keever A, Hale G, Waits L. Stable pack abundance and distribution in a harvested wolf population. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Bassing
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research UnitWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of Montana205 Natural Sciences BuildingMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - David E. Ausband
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game2885 W Kathleen AvenueCoeur d'AleneID83815USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological SurveyMontana Cooperative Wildlife Research UnitWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of Montana205 Natural Sciences BuildingMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - Paul Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology ProgramDepartment of Ecosystem and Conservation SciencesW.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of Montana32 Campus DriveMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - Allison Keever
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research UnitWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of Montana205 Natural Sciences BuildingMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - Greg Hale
- Alberta Environment and Parks12501 20 AvenueBlairmoreABT7N 1A2Canada
| | - Lisette Waits
- Laboratory for EcologicalEvolutionary, and Conservation GeneticsDepartment of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1136MoscowID83844USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Street Bozeman MT 59715 USA
| | - Jesse D. DeVoe
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Mitchell MS, Sells SN, Barker KJ, Bassing SB, Keever AC, Forshee SC, Goerz JW. Testing a priorihypotheses improves the reliability of wildlife research. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program; 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Sarah B. Bassing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, 107 Anderson Hall, University of Washington; Seattle WA 98125 USA
| | - Allison C. Keever
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Shannon C. Forshee
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - James W. Goerz
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Mitchell MS, Cooley H, Gude JA, Kolbe J, Nowak JJ, Proffitt KM, Sells SN, Thompson M. Distinguishing values from science in decision making: Setting harvest quotas for mountain lions in Montana. WILDLIFE SOC B 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; 205 Natural Sciences Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Hilary Cooley
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University Hall; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; 1420 E 6th Avenue Helena MT 59620 USA
| | - Jay Kolbe
- Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; P.O. Box 527 White Sulphur Springs MT 59645 USA
| | - J. Joshua Nowak
- Wildlife Biology Program; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences; W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; 1400 S 19th Avenue Bozeman MT 59718 USA
| | - Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; 205 Natural Sciences Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Mike Thompson
- Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; 3201 Spurgin Road Missoula MT 59804 USA
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Lukacs PM, Mitchell MS, Hebblewhite M, Johnson BK, Johnson H, Kauffman M, Proffitt KM, Zager P, Brodie J, Hersey K, Holland AA, Hurley M, McCorquodale S, Middleton A, Nordhagen M, Nowak JJ, Walsh DP, White PJ. Factors influencing elk recruitment across ecotypes in the Western United States. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Resource Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Bruce K. Johnson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Heather Johnson
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife; 415 Turner Drive Durango CO 81303 USA
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Street Bozeman MT 59718 USA
| | - Peter Zager
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; 3316 16th St Lewiston ID 83501 USA
| | - Jedediah Brodie
- Departments of Zoology and Botany; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kent Hersey
- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Salt Lake City UT 84114 USA
| | - A. Andrew Holland
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife; 317 W. Prospect Rd. Fort Collins CO 80526 USA
| | - Mark Hurley
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; P.O. Box 25 Boise ID 83707 USA
| | - Scott McCorquodale
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1701 S 24th Ave Yakima WA 98902 USA
| | - Arthur Middleton
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; 370 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Matthew Nordhagen
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Science Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - J. Joshua Nowak
- Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey; National Wildlife Health Lab; Madison WI 53711 USA
| | - P. J. White
- Yellowstone National Park; Mammoth, P.O. Box 168 WY 82190 USA
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Sells SN, Bassing SB, Barker KJ, Forshee SC, Keever AC, Goerz JW, Mitchell MS. Increased scientific rigor will improve reliability of research and effectiveness of management. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Sarah B. Bassing
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Shannon C. Forshee
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Allison C. Keever
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - James W. Goerz
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
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21
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Henderson CR, Mitchell MS, Myers WL, Lukacs PM, Nelson GP. Attributes of seasonal home range influence choice of migratory strategy in white-tailed deer. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Waits LP. Effects of breeder turnover and harvest on group composition and recruitment in a social carnivore. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:1094-1101. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT, USA
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences; University of Idaho; Moscow ID USA
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Stopyra JP, Wright JL, Fitch MT, Mitchell MS. Pediatric Needle Cricothyrotomy: A Case for Simulation in Prehospital Medicine. MedEdPORTAL 2017; 13:10589. [PMID: 30800791 PMCID: PMC6338176 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A patient that cannot be oxygenated or ventilated requires immediate and effective assessment, treatment, and transportation. Pediatric needle cricothyrotomy is used infrequently, therefore providers have a tendency to lose proficiency. Simulation training and evaluation are valuable tools to improve provider experience and skill. METHODS A case was designed involving a 3-year-old male with a peanut allergy that presents with rash, swelling, and severe respiratory distress. The patient's respiratory distress and swelling worsens despite treatment with epinephrine and other allergic reaction medications. The patient then becomes unresponsive and impossible to oxygenate or ventilate. The primary objective of this case is airway management with needle cricothyrotomy in the pediatric population. A secondary objective is appropriate postprocedure management including appropriate ventilation rates and emergency medical transportation methods. RESULTS This case was initially presented to 45 paramedics. Provider comfort with managing airway emergencies in young children improved from 47% to 89%. Confidence in performing pediatric needle cricothyrotomy improved from 16% to 87%. All providers felt the exercise was valuable and 98% felt the simulation provided appropriate realism. DISCUSSION This scenario provides an outstanding opportunity for paramedic evaluation and training in pediatric needle cricothyrotomy and significantly improved the comfort level of providers' management of a failed pediatric airway. As we reflected on the use of this module, it was apparent that this was a very beneficial opportunity to spend one-on-one time between participants and their medical director. The training staff also benefited from the repeated emphasis of good assessment and treatment of a complex patient scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Stopyra
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
| | - Jamie L. Wright
- Resident Physician, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
| | - Michael T. Fitch
- Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
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Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Stansbury CR, Stenglein JL, Waits LP. Harvest and group effects on pup survival in a cooperative breeder. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20170580. [PMID: 28539521 PMCID: PMC5454274 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment in cooperative breeders can be negatively affected by changes in group size and composition. The majority of cooperative breeding studies have not evaluated human harvest; therefore, the effects of recurring annual harvest and group characteristics on survival of young are poorly understood. We evaluated how harvest and groups affect pup survival using genetic sampling and pedigrees for grey wolves in North America. We hypothesized that harvest reduces pup survival because of (i) reduced group size, (ii) increased breeder turnover and/or (iii) reduced number of female helpers. Alternatively, harvest may increase pup survival possibly due to increased per capita food availability or it could be compensatory with other forms of mortality. Harvest appeared to be additive because it reduced both pup survival and group size. In addition to harvest, turnover of breeding males and the presence of older, non-breeding males also reduced pup survival. Large groups and breeder stability increased pup survival when there was harvest, however. Inferences about the effect of harvest on recruitment require knowledge of harvest rate of young as well as the indirect effects associated with changes in group size and composition, as we show. The number of young harvested is a poor measure of the effect of harvest on recruitment in cooperative breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ausband
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Michael S Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Carisa R Stansbury
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Lisette P Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Mitzman J, King AM, Fastle RK, Hopson LR, Hoyle JD, Levasseur KA, Mitchell MS, O'Neill JC, Pazderka PA, Perry MA, Reynolds M, Shah PG, Skarbek‐Borowska S, Way DP, Stanley RM. A Modified Delphi Study for Development of a Pediatric Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents. AEM Educ Train 2017; 1:140-150. [PMID: 30051025 PMCID: PMC6001585 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency medicine (EM) trainees are expected to learn to provide acute care for patients of all ages. The American Council for Graduate Medical Education provides some guidance on topics related to caring for pediatric patients; however, education about pediatric topics varies across residency programs. The goal of this project was to develop a consensus curriculum for teaching pediatric emergency care. METHODS We recruited 13 physicians from six academic health centers to participate in a three-round electronic modified Delphi project. Participants were selected on the basis of expertise with both EM resident education and pediatric emergency care. The first modified Delphi survey asked participants to generate the core knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to prepare EM residents to effectively treat children in an acute care setting. The qualitative data from the first round was reformulated into a second-round questionnaire. During the second round, participants used rating scales to prioritize the curriculum content proposed during the first round. In round 3, participants were asked to make a determination about each curriculum topic using a three-point scale labeled required, optional, or not needed. RESULTS The first modified Delphi round yielded 400 knowledge topics, 206 clinical skills, and 44 specific types of experience residents need to prepare for acute pediatric patient care. These were narrowed to 153 topics, 84 skills, and 28 experiences through elimination of redundancy and two rounds of prioritization. The final lists contain topics classified by highly recommended, partially recommended, and not recommended. The partially recommended category is intended to help programs tailor their curriculum to the unique needs of their learners as well as account for variability between 3- and 4-year programs and the amount of time programs allocate to pediatric education. CONCLUSION The modified Delphi process yielded the broad outline of a consensus core pediatric emergency care curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mitzman
- The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Andrew M. King
- The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Emergency Medicine Residency ProgramColumbusOH
| | | | - Laura R. Hopson
- University of Michigan Health System and Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health System/St. Joseph Mercy Hospital Emergency Medicine Residency ProgramAnn ArborMI
| | - John D. Hoyle
- Department of Emergency MedicineWestern Michigan University Stryker School of MedicineKalamazooMI
| | - Kelly A. Levasseur
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine and the Department of Emergency MedicineBeaumont Health SystemRoyal OakMI
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNC
| | - James C. O'Neill
- Section of Pediatric Emergency MedicineWake Forest University School of Medicine and the Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Philip A. Pazderka
- Western Michigan University Stryker School of Medicine and the Department of Emergency MedicineWestern Michigan University Emergency Medicine Residency ProgramKalamazooMI
| | - Marcia A. Perry
- University of Michigan Health System and the Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Residency ProgramAnn ArborMI
| | - Maegan Reynolds
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine ProgramNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Payal G. Shah
- Department of Emergency MedicineOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine and Beaumont Health System Residency ProgramRoyal OakMI
| | | | - David P. Way
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOH
| | - Rachel M. Stanley
- The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH
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Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Bassing SB, Morehouse A, Smith DW, Stahler D, Struthers J. Individual, Group, and Environmental Influences on Helping Behavior in a Social Carnivore. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ausband
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Sarah B. Bassing
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Andrea Morehouse
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources; Yellowstone National Park; WY USA
| | - Daniel Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources; Yellowstone National Park; WY USA
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Borg NJ, Mitchell MS, Lukacs PM, Mack CM, Waits LP, Krausman PR. Behavioral connectivity among bighorn sheep suggests potential for disease spread. J Wildl Manage 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Borg
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Science Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Science Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Paul M. Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Curt M. Mack
- Nez Perce Tribe; P.O. Box 1922 McCall ID 83638 USA
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources; Room 105 Moscow ID 83844-1136 USA
| | - Paul R. Krausman
- Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Eacker
- Wildlife Biology Program; College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences; College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Street Bozeman MT 59718 USA
| | - Benjamin S. Jimenez
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 3201 Spurgin Road Missoula MT 59804 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Science Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Hugh S. Robinson
- Director, Landscape Analysis Lab, Panthera; New York NY 10018 USA
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Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Bassing SB, Nordhagen M, Smith DW, Stahler DR. Dog days of summer: influences on decision of wolves to move pups. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Edwards VL, Gude JA, Anderson NJ. Structured decision making for managing pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program; 205 Natural Sciences Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; 205 Natural Sciences Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East 6th Avenue Helena MT 59620 USA
| | - Neil J. Anderson
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Bozeman MT 59718 USA
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Morgan Henderson MJ, Hebblewhite M, Mitchell MS, Stetz JB, Kendall KC, Carlson RT. Modeling multi-scale resource selection for bear rubs in northwestern Montana. URSUS 2015. [DOI: 10.2192/ursus-d-14-00026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Nowak JJ, Lukacs PM, Anderson NJ, Ramsey JM, Gude JA, Krausman PR. Modeling risk of pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, 205 Natural Sciences Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - J. Joshua Nowak
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Wildlife Biology Program, Forestry Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Paul M. Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences; Forestry Building; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Neil J. Anderson
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Bozeman MT 59718 USA
| | | | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East 6th Helena MT 59620 USA
| | - Paul R. Krausman
- Wildlife Biology Program; Forestry Building, University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Robinson HS, Desimone R, Hartway C, Gude JA, Thompson MJ, Mitchell MS, Hebblewhite M. A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: A management experiment in West-Central Montana. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S. Robinson
- Panthera; 8 West 40th St. New York NY 10018 USA
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | - Cynthia Hartway
- Wildlife Biology Program; College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | | | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program; College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Zimova M, Mills LS, Lukacs PM, Mitchell MS. Snowshoe hares display limited phenotypic plasticity to mismatch in seasonal camouflage. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140029. [PMID: 24619446 PMCID: PMC3973274 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As duration of snow cover decreases owing to climate change, species undergoing seasonal colour moults can become colour mismatched with their background. The immediate adaptive solution to this mismatch is phenotypic plasticity, either in phenology of seasonal colour moults or in behaviours that reduce mismatch or its consequences. We observed nearly 200 snowshoe hares across a wide range of snow conditions and two study sites in Montana, USA, and found minimal plasticity in response to mismatch between coat colour and background. We found that moult phenology varied between study sites, likely due to differences in photoperiod and climate, but was largely fixed within study sites with only minimal plasticity to snow conditions during the spring white-to-brown moult. We also found no evidence that hares modify their behaviour in response to colour mismatch. Hiding and fleeing behaviours and resting spot preference of hares were more affected by variables related to season, site and concealment by vegetation, than by colour mismatch. We conclude that plasticity in moult phenology and behaviours in snowshoe hares is insufficient for adaptation to camouflage mismatch, suggesting that any future adaptation to climate change will require natural selection on moult phenology or behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zimova
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - L. Scott Mills
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Paul M. Lukacs
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Ausband DE, Rich LN, Glenn EM, Mitchell MS, Zager P, Miller DAW, Waits LP, Ackerman BB, Mack CM. Monitoring gray wolf populations using multiple survey methods. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ausband
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Natural Sciences Room 205; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Lindsey N. Rich
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Natural Sciences Room 205; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Glenn
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Natural Sciences Room 205; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Natural Sciences Room 205; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Pete Zager
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; 3316 16th Street Lewiston ID 83501 USA
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16827 USA
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; University Of Idaho; P.O. Box 441136 Moscow ID 83844 USA
| | - Bruce B. Ackerman
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; 600 South Walnut St. Boise ID 83707 USA
| | - Curt M. Mack
- Gray Wolf Recovery Project; Nez Perce Tribe; P.O. Box 1922 McCall ID 83638 USA
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McCall BS, Mitchell MS, Schwartz MK, Hayden J, Cushman SA, Zager P, Kasworm WF. Combined use of mark-recapture and genetic analyses reveals response of a black bear population to changes in food productivity. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S. McCall
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Natural Sciences Building Room 205 Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Natural Sciences Building Room 205 Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; 800 East Beckwith Missoula MT 59801 USA
| | - Jim Hayden
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; 2885 Kathleen Avenue Coeur d'Alene ID 83815 USA
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; 2500 S. Pine Knoll Drive Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
| | - Pete Zager
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game; 3316 16th Street Lewiston ID 83501 USA
| | - Wayne F. Kasworm
- US Fish and Wildlife Service; 475 Fish Hatchery Road Libby MT 59923 USA
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Rich LN, Russell RE, Glenn EM, Mitchell MS, Gude JA, Podruzny KM, Sime CA, Laudon K, Ausband DE, Nichols JD. Estimating occupancy and predicting numbers of gray wolf packs in Montana using hunter surveys. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N. Rich
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Robin E. Russell
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East Sixth Avenue, P.O. Box 200701 Helena, MT 59620 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Glenn
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East Sixth Avenue, P.O. Box 200701 Helena, MT 59620 USA
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East Sixth Avenue, P.O. Box 200701 Helena, MT 59620 USA
| | - Kevin M. Podruzny
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 1420 East Sixth Avenue, P.O. Box 200701 Helena, MT 59620 USA
| | - Carolyn A. Sime
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Kent Laudon
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; 490 North Meridian Road Kalispell, MT 59901 USA
| | - David E. Ausband
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - James D. Nichols
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel, MD 20708 USA
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Miller DAW, Nichols JD, Gude JA, Rich LN, Podruzny KM, Hines JE, Mitchell MS. Determining Occurrence Dynamics when False Positives Occur: Estimating the Range Dynamics of Wolves from Public Survey Data. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65808. [PMID: 23840372 PMCID: PMC3686827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale presence-absence monitoring programs have great promise for many conservation applications. Their value can be limited by potential incorrect inferences owing to observational errors, especially when data are collected by the public. To combat this, previous analytical methods have focused on addressing non-detection from public survey data. Misclassification errors have received less attention but are also likely to be a common component of public surveys, as well as many other data types. We derive estimators for dynamic occupancy parameters (extinction and colonization), focusing on the case where certainty can be assumed for a subset of detections. We demonstrate how to simultaneously account for non-detection (false negatives) and misclassification (false positives) when estimating occurrence parameters for gray wolves in northern Montana from 2007-2010. Our primary data source for the analysis was observations by deer and elk hunters, reported as part of the state's annual hunter survey. This data was supplemented with data from known locations of radio-collared wolves. We found that occupancy was relatively stable during the years of the study and wolves were largely restricted to the highest quality habitats in the study area. Transitions in the occupancy status of sites were rare, as occupied sites almost always remained occupied and unoccupied sites remained unoccupied. Failing to account for false positives led to over estimation of both the area inhabited by wolves and the frequency of turnover. The ability to properly account for both false negatives and false positives is an important step to improve inferences for conservation from large-scale public surveys. The approach we propose will improve our understanding of the status of wolf populations and is relevant to many other data types where false positives are a component of observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. W. Miller
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James D. Nichols
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lindsey N. Rich
- United States Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Podruzny
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana, United States of America
| | - James E. Hines
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- United States Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine 90033
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Abstract
Context
Conserving large carnivores can be challenging because of conflicts with human land use and competition with humans for resources. Predation on domestic stock can have negative economic impacts particularly for owners of small herds, and tools for minimising carnivore depredation of livestock are needed. Canids use scent marking to establish territories and avoid intraspecific conflict. Exploiting scent-marking behaviour may provide a means for manipulating canid movements.
Aims
We hypothesised that human-deployed scent marks (i.e. ‘biofence’) could be used to manipulate the movements of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA.
Methods
We deployed 65 km of biofence within three wolf-pack territories during summer 2010 and 2011 and used location data from satellite-collared wolves and sign surveys to assess the effectiveness of biofencing.
Key results
Location data provided by satellite-collared wolves and sign surveys in 2010 showed little to no trespass of the biofence, even though the excluded areas were used by the packs in previous summers. We also opportunistically deployed a biofence in between a rendezvous site of a resident pack and a nearby sheep grazing allotment; the pack was not implicated in any depredations in summer 2010, even though they had killed sheep every year since 2006. Location data provided by satellite-collared wolves in summer 2011 showed that wolves did trespass biofences.
Conclusions
Biofencing effectively manipulated the movements of wolves in the first year of our study, but not the second.
Implications
Our work suggests that biofencing may be most limited by the apparent necessity to maintain a continuous presence once the biofence is established. The inherent labour and costs associated with such efforts may limit the usefulness of biofencing. Our work can be improved on through further testing that maintains biofencing over a longer timeframe (>3 months), samples several animals per treatment pack, and uses a treatment and control design.
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Mitchell MS, Gude JA, Anderson NJ, Ramsey JM, Thompson MJ, Sullivan MG, Edwards VL, Gower CN, Cochrane JF, Irwin ER, Walshe T. Using structured decision making to manage disease risk for Montana wildlife. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ruprecht JS, Ausband DE, Mitchell MS, Garton EO, Zager P. Homesite attendance based on sex, breeding status, and number of helpers in gray wolf packs. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-330.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Koen CM, Mitchell MS. Guidelines for Conducting Bulletproof Workplace Investigations. Health Care Manag (Frederick) 2012; 31:221-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hcm.0b013e3182619d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rich LN, Mitchell MS, Gude JA, Sime CA. Anthropogenic mortality, intraspecific competition, and prey availability influence territory sizes of wolves in Montana. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-079.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ditchkoff SS, Jolley DB, Sparklin BD, Hanson LB, Mitchell MS, Grand JB. Reproduction in a population of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) subjected to lethal control. J Wildl Manage 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mitchell MS, Lee White M, King WD, Wang HE. Paramedic King Laryngeal Tube airway insertion versus endotracheal intubation in simulated pediatric respiratory arrest. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2012; 16:284-8. [PMID: 22229954 DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2011.640762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric endotracheal intubation (ETI) is difficult and can have serious adverse events when performed by paramedics in the prehospital setting. Paramedics may use the King Laryngeal Tube airway (KLT) in difficult adult airways, but only limited data describe their application in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE To compare paramedic airway insertion speed and complications between KLT and ETI in a simulated model of pediatric respiratory arrest. METHODS This prospective, randomized trial included paramedics and senior paramedic students with limited prior KLT experience. We provided brief training on pediatric KLT insertion. Using a random allocation protocol, participants performed both ETI and KLT on a pediatric mannequin (6-month old size) in simulated respiratory arrest. The primary outcomes were 1) elapsed time to successful airway placement (seconds), and 2) proper airway positioning. We compared airway insertion performance between KLT and ETI using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Subjects also indicated their preferred airway device. RESULTS The 25 subjects included 19 paramedics and 6 senior paramedic students. Two subjects had prior adult KLT experience. Airway insertion time was not statistically different between the KLT (median 27 secs) and ETI (median 31 secs) (p = 0.08). Esophageal intubation occurred in 2 of 25 (8%) ETI. Airway leak occurred in 3 of 25 (12%) KLT, but ventilation remained satisfactory. Eighty-four percent of the subjects preferred the KLT over ETI. CONCLUSIONS Paramedics and paramedic students demonstrated similar airway insertion performance between KLT and ETI in simulated, pediatric respiratory arrest. Most subjects preferred KLT. KLT may provide a viable alternative to ETI in prehospital pediatric airway management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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Hammond CAM, Mitchell MS, Bissell GN. Territory occupancy by common loons in response to disturbance, habitat, and intraspecific relationships. J Wildl Manage 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sills MR, Fairclough DL, Ranade D, Mitchell MS, Kahn MG. Emergency department crowding is associated with decreased quality of analgesia delivery for children with pain related to acute, isolated, long-bone fractures. Acad Emerg Med 2011; 18:1330-8. [PMID: 22168199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine which quality measures of analgesia delivery are most influenced by emergency department (ED) crowding for pediatric patients with long-bone fractures. METHODS This cross-sectional, retrospective study included patients 0-21 years seen for acute, isolated long-bone fractures, November 2007 to October 2008, at a children's hospital ED. Nine quality measures were studied: six were based on the timeliness (1-hour receipt) and effectiveness (receipt/nonreceipt) of three fracture-related processes: pain score, any analgesic, and opioid analgesic administration. Three equity measures were also tested: language, identified primary care provider (PCP), and insurance. The primary independent variable was a crowding measure: ED occupancy. Models were adjusted for age, language, insurance, identified PCP, triage level, ambulance arrival, and time of day. The adjusted risk of each timeliness or effectiveness quality measure was measured at five percentiles of crowding and compared to the risk at the 10th and 90th percentiles. The role of equity measures as moderators of the crowding-quality models was tested. RESULTS The study population included 1,229 patients. Timeliness and effectiveness quality measures showed an inverse association with crowding-an effect not moderated by equity measures. Patients were 4% to 47% less likely to receive timely care and were 3% to 17% less likely to receive effective care when each crowding measure was at the 90th than at the 10th percentile (p < 0.05). For three of the six quality measures, quality declined steeply between the 75th and 90th crowding percentiles. CONCLUSIONS Crowding is associated with decreased timeliness and effectiveness, but not equity, of analgesia delivery for children with fracture-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion R Sills
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Outcomes Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.
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