1
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Grandi E, Crotti M, Sigmund MC, Xu G, Tepper PG, Poelarends GJ. Biocatalytic Cascade Synthesis of Enantioenriched Epoxides and Triols from Biomass-Derived Synthons Driven by Specifically Designed Enzymes. Chemistry 2023:e202300697. [PMID: 36893219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-enzymatic cascades exploiting engineered enzymes are a powerful tool for the tailor-made synthesis of complex molecules from simple inexpensive building blocks. In this work, we engineered the promiscuous enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) into an effective aldolase with 160-fold increased activity compared to 4OT wild type. Subsequently, we applied the evolved 4-OT variant to perform an aldol condensation, followed by an epoxidation reaction catalyzed by a previously engineered 4-OT mutant, in a one-pot two-step cascade for the synthesis of enantioenriched epoxides (up to 98% ee) from biomass-derived starting materials. For three chosen substrates, the reaction was performed at milligram scale with product yields up to 68% and remarkably high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, we developed a three-step enzymatic cascade involving an epoxide hydrolase for the production of chiral aromatic 1,2,3-prim,sec,sec-triols with high enantiopurity and good isolated yields. The reported one-pot, three-step cascade, with no intermediate isolation and being completely cofactor-less, provides an attractive route for the synthesis of chiral aromatic triols from biomass-based synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, NETHERLANDS
| | - Michele Crotti
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, NETHERLANDS
| | - Marie-Cathérine Sigmund
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, NETHERLANDS
| | - Guangcai Xu
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, NETHERLANDS
| | - Pieter G Tepper
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, NETHERLANDS
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- University of Groningen, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, NETHERLANDS
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2
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Xu G, Kunzendorf A, Crotti M, Rozeboom HJ, Thunnissen AWH, Poelarends GJ. Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C−C Bond‐Forming Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte J. Rozeboom
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andy‐Mark W. H. Thunnissen
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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3
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Xu G, Kunzendorf A, Crotti M, Rozeboom HJ, Thunnissen AWH, Poelarends GJ. Back Cover: Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C−C Bond‐Forming Enzyme (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2022). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte J. Rozeboom
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andy‐Mark W. H. Thunnissen
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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4
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Xu G, Kunzendorf A, Crotti M, Rozeboom HJ, Thunnissen AWH, Poelarends GJ. Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C−C Bond‐Forming Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte J. Rozeboom
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andy‐Mark W. H. Thunnissen
- Molecular Enzymology Group Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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5
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Xu G, Kunzendorf A, Crotti M, Rozeboom HJ, Thunnissen AMWH, Poelarends GJ. Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C-C Bond-Forming Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113970. [PMID: 34890491 PMCID: PMC9306753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene duplication and fusion are among the primary natural processes that generate new proteins from simpler ancestors. Here we adopted this strategy to evolve a promiscuous homohexameric 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) into an efficient biocatalyst for enantioselective Michael reactions. We first designed a tandem-fused 4-OT to allow independent sequence diversification of adjacent subunits by directed evolution. This fused 4-OT was then subjected to eleven rounds of directed evolution to give variant 4-OT(F11), which showed an up to 320-fold enhanced activity for the Michael addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehydes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that 4-OT(F11) has an unusual asymmetric trimeric architecture in which one of the monomers is flipped 180° relative to the others. This gene duplication and fusion strategy to break structural symmetry is likely to become an indispensable asset of the enzyme engineering toolbox, finding wide use in engineering oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte J Rozeboom
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andy-Mark W H Thunnissen
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Alwaseem H, Giovani S, Crotti M, Welle K, Jordan CT, Ghaemmaghami S, Fasan R. Comprehensive Structure-Activity Profiling of Micheliolide and its Targeted Proteome in Leukemia Cells via Probe-Guided Late-Stage C-H Functionalization. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:841-857. [PMID: 34079900 PMCID: PMC8161485 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone micheliolide was recently found to possess promising antileukemic activity, including the ability to target and kill leukemia stem cells. Efforts toward improving the biological activity of micheliolide and investigating its mechanism of action have been hindered by the paucity of preexisting functional groups amenable for late-stage derivatization of this molecule. Here, we report the implementation of a probe-based P450 fingerprinting strategy to rapidly evolve engineered P450 catalysts useful for the regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of micheliolide at two previously inaccessible aliphatic positions in this complex natural product. Via P450-mediated chemoenzymatic synthesis, a broad panel of novel micheliolide analogs could thus be obtained to gain structure-activity insights into the effect of C2, C4, and C14 substitutions on the antileukemic activity of micheliolide, ultimately leading to the discovery of "micheliologs" with improved potency against acute myelogenic leukemia cells. These late-stage C-H functionalization routes could be further leveraged to generate a panel of affinity probes for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the protein targeting profile of micheliolide in leukemia cells via chemical proteomics analyses. These studies introduce new micheliolide-based antileukemic agents and shed new light onto the biomolecular targets and mechanism of action of micheliolide in leukemia cells. More broadly, this work showcases the value of the present P450-mediated C-H functionalization strategy for streamlining the late-stage diversification and elucidation of the biomolecular targets of a complex bioactive molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alwaseem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Simone Giovani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin Welle
- Mass
Spectrometry Resource Laboratory, University
of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Craig T. Jordan
- Department
of Hematology, School of Medicine, University
of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
| | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Mass
Spectrometry Resource Laboratory, University
of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Crotti M, Adams CE, Etheridge EC, Bean CW, Gowans ARD, Knudsen R, Lyle AA, Maitland PS, Winfield IJ, Elmer KR, Præbel K. Geographic hierarchical population genetic structuring in British European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and its implications for conservation. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus complex represents one of the most diverse radiations within salmonids, with extreme morphological and genetic differentiation across its range. Such variation has led to the assignment of many populations to separate species. In Great Britain, the seven native populations of C. lavaretus (two in Scotland, four in England, one in Wales) were previously classified into three species, and recent taxonomic revision resurrected the previous nomenclature. Here we used a dataset of 15 microsatellites to: (1) investigate the genetic diversity of British populations, (2) assess the level of population structure and the relationships between British populations. Genetic diversity was highest in Welsh (HO = 0.50, AR = 5.29), intermediate in English (HO = 0.41–0.50, AR = 2.83–3.88), and lowest in Scottish populations (HO = 0.28–0.35, AR = 2.56–3.04). Population structure analyses indicated high genetic differentiation (global FST = 0.388) between all populations but for the two Scottish populations (FST = 0.063) and two English populations (FST = 0.038). Principal component analysis and molecular ANOVA revealed separation between Scottish, English, and Welsh populations, with the Scottish populations being the most diverged. We argue that the data presented here are not sufficient to support a separation of the British European whitefish populations into three separate species, but support the delineation of different ESUs for these populations.
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Xu G, Crotti M, Saravanan T, Kataja KM, Poelarends GJ. Enantiocomplementary Epoxidation Reactions Catalyzed by an Engineered Cofactor-Independent Non-natural Peroxygenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10374-10378. [PMID: 32160395 PMCID: PMC7317984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxygenases are heme-dependent enzymes that use peroxide-borne oxygen to catalyze a wide range of oxyfunctionalization reactions. Herein, we report the engineering of an unusual cofactor-independent peroxygenase based on a promiscuous tautomerase that accepts different hydroperoxides (t-BuOOH and H2 O2 ) to accomplish enantiocomplementary epoxidations of various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (citral and substituted cinnamaldehydes), providing access to both enantiomers of the corresponding α,β-epoxy-aldehydes. High conversions (up to 98 %), high enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee), and good product yields (50-80 %) were achieved. The reactions likely proceed via a reactive enzyme-bound iminium ion intermediate, allowing tweaking of the enzyme's activity and selectivity by protein engineering. Our results underscore the potential of catalytic promiscuity for the engineering of new cofactor-independent oxidative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address: School of ChemistryUniversity of HyderabadP.O. Central University, GachibowliHyderabad500046India
| | - Kim M. Kataja
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenAntonius Deusinglaan 19713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
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Xu G, Crotti M, Saravanan T, Kataja KM, Poelarends GJ. Enantiocomplementary Epoxidation Reactions Catalyzed by an Engineered Cofactor‐Independent Non‐natural Peroxygenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Xu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
- Present address: School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad P.O. Central University, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Kim M. Kataja
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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Biewenga L, Crotti M, Saifuddin M, Poelarends GJ. Selective Colorimetric "Turn-On" Probe for Efficient Engineering of Iminium Biocatalysis. ACS Omega 2020; 5:2397-2405. [PMID: 32064400 PMCID: PMC7017405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient engineering of iminium biocatalysis has drawn considerable attention, with many applications in pharmaceutical synthesis. Here, we report a tailor-made iminium-activated colorimetric "turn-on" probe, specifically designed as a prescreening tool to facilitate engineering of iminium biocatalysis. Upon complexation of the probe with the catalytic Pro-1 residue of the model enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT), a brightly colored merocyanine-dye-type structure is formed. 4-OT mutants that formed this brightly colored species upon incubation with the probe proved to have a substantial activity for the iminium-based Michael-type addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehyde, whereas mutants that showed no staining by the probe exhibited no or very low-level "Michaelase" activity. This system was exploited in a solid-phase prescreening assay termed as activated iminium colony staining (AICS) to enrich libraries for active mutants. AICS prescreening reduced the screening effort up to 20-fold. After two rounds of directed evolution, two artificial Michaelases were identified with up to 39-fold improvement in the activity for the addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehyde, yielding the target γ-nitroaldehyde product with excellent isolated yield (up to 95%) and enantiopurity (up to >99% ee). The colorimetric activation of the turn-on probe could be extended to the class I aldolase 2-deoxy-d-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase, implicating a broader application of AICS in engineering iminium biocatalysis.
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Crotti M, Parmeggiani F, Ferrandi EE, Gatti FG, Sacchetti A, Riva S, Brenna E, Monti D. Stereoselectivity Switch in the Reduction of α-Alkyl-β-Arylenones by Structure-Guided Designed Variants of the Ene Reductase OYE1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31080798 PMCID: PMC6497740 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ene reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family are industrially interesting enzymes for the biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of alkenes. To access both enantiomers of the target reduced products, stereocomplementary pairs of OYE enzymes are necessary, but their natural occurrence is quite limited. A library of wild type ene reductases from different sources was screened in the stereoselective reduction of a set of representative α-alkyl-β-arylenones to investigate the naturally available biodiversity. As far as the bioreduction of the ethyl ketone derivatives concerns, the results confirmed the distinctiveness of the OYE3 enzyme in affording the reduced product in the (S) configuration, while all the other tested ene reductases from the Old Yellow Enzymes family showed the same stereoselectivity toward the formation of corresponding (R) enantiomer. A possible determinant role of the "hot spot" residue in position 296 for the stereoselectivity control of these reactions was confirmed by the replacement of Phe296 of OYE1 with Ser as found in OYE3. Further investigations showed that the same stereoselectivity switch in OYE1 could be achieved also by the replacement of Trp116 with Ala and Val, these experimental results being rationalized by structural and docking studies. Moreover, an additive effect on the stereoselectivity of OYE1 was observed when coupling the selected mutations in position 296 and 116, thus providing two extremely enantioselective variants of OYE1 (W116A-F296S, W116V-F296S) showing the opposite stereoselectivity of the wild type enzyme. Lastly, the effects of the mutations on the bioreduction of carvone enantiomers were investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
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Brenna E, Crotti M, De Pieri M, Gatti FG, Manenti G, Monti D. Front Cover Picture: Chemo-Enzymatic Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Alcohols: Synthetic Application and Integration into a Cascade Process (Adv. Synth. Catal. 19/2018). Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
- The Protein Factory; Politecnico di Milano Università degli Studi dell' Insubria; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano IT
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Matteo De Pieri
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
- The Protein Factory; Politecnico di Milano Università degli Studi dell' Insubria; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano IT
| | - Gabriele Manenti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano IT
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13
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Brenna E, Crotti M, De Pieri M, Gatti FG, Manenti G, Monti D. Chemo-Enzymatic Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Alcohols: Synthetic Application and Integration into a Cascade Process. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
- The Protein Factory; Politecnico di Milano Università degli Studi dell' Insubria; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano IT
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Matteo De Pieri
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
- The Protein Factory; Politecnico di Milano Università degli Studi dell' Insubria; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano IT
| | - Gabriele Manenti
- Dipartimento CMIC “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 20134 Milan IT
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano IT
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14
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Powell, III RW, Buteler MP, Lenka S, Crotti M, Santangelo S, Burg MJ, Bruner S, Brenna E, Roitberg AE, Stewart JD. Investigating Saccharomyces cerevisiae alkene reductase OYE 3 by substrate profiling, X-ray crystallography and computational methods. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae OYE 3 and OYE 1 share 80% sequence identity, but sometimes differ in stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Pilar Buteler
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Sunidhi Lenka
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Sara Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Matthew J. Burg
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Steven Bruner
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Jon D. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry
- 126 Sisler Hall
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
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15
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Bassanini I, Ferrandi EE, Vanoni M, Ottolina G, Riva S, Crotti M, Brenna E, Monti D. Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfoxidations. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Marta Vanoni
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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16
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Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Monti D, Parmeggiani F, Pugliese A. One-Pot Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of 4-Methylheptan-3-ol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101591. [PMID: 28937625 PMCID: PMC6151462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of pheromones in the integrated pest management of insects is currently considered a sustainable and environmentally benign alternative to hazardous insecticides. 4-Methylheptan-3-ol is an interesting example of an insect pheromone, because its stereoisomers are active towards different species. All four possible stereoisomers of this compound were prepared from 4-methylhept-4-en-3-one by a one-pot procedure in which the two stereogenic centres were created during two sequential reductions catalysed by an ene-reductase (ER) and an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michele Crotti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare-CNR, Via M. Bianco 9, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pugliese
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Romagnolo A, Spina F, Poli A, Risso S, Serito B, Crotti M, Monti D, Brenna E, Lanfranco L, Varese GC. Old Yellow Enzyme homologues in Mucor circinelloides: expression profile and biotransformation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12093. [PMID: 28935878 PMCID: PMC5608841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of C=C double bond, a key reaction in organic synthesis, is mostly achieved by traditional chemical methods. Therefore, the search for enzymes capable of performing this reaction is rapidly increasing. Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) are flavin-dependent oxidoreductases, initially isolated from Saccharomyces pastorianus. In this study, the presence and activation of putative OYE enzymes was investigated in the filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides, which was previously found to mediate C=C reduction. Following an in silico approach, using S. pastorianus OYE1 amminoacidic sequence as template, ten putative genes were identified in the genome of M. circinelloides. A phylogenetic analysis revealed a high homology of McOYE1-9 with OYE1-like proteins while McOYE10 showed similarity with thermophilic-like OYEs. The activation of mcoyes was evaluated during the transformation of three different model substrates. Cyclohexenone, α-methylcinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate were completely reduced in few hours and the induction of gene expression, assessed by qRT-PCR, was generally fast, suggesting a substrate-dependent activation. Eight genes were activated in the tested conditions suggesting that they may encode for active OYEs. Their expression over time correlated with C=C double bond reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romagnolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Poli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Risso
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Bianca Serito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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18
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Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Monti D, Parmeggiani F, Santangelo S. Asymmetric Bioreduction of β-Acylaminonitroalkenes: Easy Access to Chiral Building Blocks with Two Vicinal Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7, I- 20131 Milano Italy
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco 9, I- 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7, I- 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7, I- 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco 9, I- 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7, I- 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7, I- 20131 Milano Italy
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19
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Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Marinoni L, Monti D, Quaiato S. Exploitation of a Multienzymatic Stereoselective Cascade Process in the Synthesis of 2-Methyl-3-Substituted Tetrahydrofuran Precursors. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2114-2122. [PMID: 28094943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure 2-methyl-3-substituted tetrahydrofurans are key precursors of several biologically active products (drugs, flavors, and agrochemicals). Thus, a stereocontrolled and efficient methodology for the obtainment of these synthons is highly desirable. We exploited a two-step multienzymatic stereoselective cascade reduction of α-bromo-α,β-unsaturated ketones to give the corresponding bromohydrins in good yields, with high ee and de values. The cascade process is catalyzed by an ene-reductase and an alcohol dehydrogenase. Further manipulations of these bromohydrins, by two diastereodivergent routes, allowed the preparation of the tetrahydrofuran synthons. One route is based on a lipase catalyzed cleavage of the protecting group. The second route is characterized by a camphor sulfonic acid mediated isomerization of a β-hydroxyepoxide to give the tetrahydrofuran-2-ol. Finally, the synthesis of the most odorous and pleasant stereoisomer of the roasted meat aroma, i.e., (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-thioacetate tetrahydrofuran, is reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.,The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.,The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovico Marinoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. , Via Mario Bianco, 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Quaiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Brenna E, Cannavale F, Crotti M, De Vitis V, Gatti FG, Migliazza G, Molinari F, Parmeggiani F, Romano D, Santangelo S. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched 2-Hydroxymethylalkanoic Acids by Oxidative Desymmetrisation of Achiral 1,3-Diols Mediated byAcetobacter aceti. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco, 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Flavia Cannavale
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Valerio De Vitis
- University of Milan; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Gaia Migliazza
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- University of Milan; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- University of Milan; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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21
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Bertolotti M, Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Monti D, Parmeggiani F, Santangelo S. Substrate Scope Evaluation of the Enantioselective Reduction of β-Alkyl-β-arylnitroalkenes by Old Yellow Enzymes 1-3 for Organic Synthesis Applications. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco, 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; C.N.R.; Via Mario Bianco, 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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22
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Monti D, Forchin MC, Crotti M, Parmeggiani F, Gatti FG, Brenna E, Riva S. Inside Cover: Cascade Coupling of Ene-Reductases and ω-Transaminases for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Diastereomerically Enriched Amines (ChemCatChem 19/2015). ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Forchin
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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23
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Monti D, Forchin MC, Crotti M, Parmeggiani F, Gatti FG, Brenna E, Riva S. Cascade Coupling of Ene-Reductases and ω-Transaminases for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Diastereomerically Enriched Amines. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Forchin
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Crotti
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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24
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Forchin MC, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Parmeggiani F, Brenna E, Monti D. A Rapid and High-Throughput Assay for the Estimation of Conversions of Ene-Reductase-Catalysed Reactions. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1571-3. [PMID: 26033160 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive colorimetric assay (FRED, fast and reliable ene-reductases detection) that allows the estimation of levels of conversion of ene-reductase (ER)-catalysed reactions has been developed. The activated olefin is reduced by ER at the expense of NAD(P)H cofactor, whose regeneration is carried out in situ by the glucose/glucose dehydrogenase system. Subsequently, the consumption of the co-substrate glucose is determined colorimetrically by a multienzymatic system. The FRED assay offers a wide range of possible applications, from enzyme fingerprinting and kinetic analysis, to primary screening of enzyme libraries and optimisation of ERs' performances under different reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Forchin
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy).
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano (Italy)
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano (Italy).
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25
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Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Monti D, Parmeggiani F, Powell RW, Santangelo S, Stewart JD. Opposite Enantioselectivity in the Bioreduction of (Z
)-β-Aryl-β-cyanoacrylates Mediated by the Tryptophan 116 Mutants of Old Yellow Enzyme 1: Synthetic Approach to (R
)- and (S
)-β-Aryl-γ-lactams. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Romagnolo A, Spina F, Brenna E, Crotti M, Parmeggiani F, Varese GC. Identification of fungal ene-reductase activity by means of a functional screening. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:487-93. [PMID: 25986545 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioeconomy stresses the need of green processes promoting the development of new methods for biocatalyzed alkene reductions. A functional screening of 28 fungi belonging to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota isolated from different habitats was performed to analyze their capability to reduce C=C double bonds towards three substrates (cyclohexenone, α-methylnitrostyrene, and α-methylcinnamaldehyde) with different electron-withdrawing groups, i.e., ketone, nitro, and aldehyde, respectively. Almost all the fungi showed this reducing activity. Noteworthy Gliomastix masseei, Mucor circinelloides, and Mucor plumbeus resulted versatile and effective, being able to reduce all the model substrates quickly and with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romagnolo
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michele Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Brenna E, Crotti M, Gatti FG, Manfredi A, Monti D, Parmeggiani F, Santangelo S, Zampieri D. Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)-2-Arylpropanenitriles Catalysed by Ene-Reductases in Aqueous Media and in Biphasic Ionic Liquid-Water Systems. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
We propose a novel circuit for single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) current read-out, for photon timing applications. The circuit consists of a single transistor trans-impedance amplifier with a GHz bandwidth: the feedback loop fixes the SPAD anode voltage and allows us to obtain a high time resolution with a very high equivalent current threshold (almost 700 μA). The trans-impedance stage is followed by a low pass filter that reduces the crosstalk of other on-chip detectors and makes the designed structure suitable for multi-detector systems. The discrete components prototype presented in this letter achieves a state-of-art resolution of 34.4 ps FWHM, presents negligible crosstalk between the different pixels and opens the way for the development of an integrated structure with a large number of channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crotti
- M. Crotti, I. Rech, A. Gulinatti and M. Ghioni (Politecnico di Milano, DEIB, Milan, Italy)
| | - I Rech
- M. Crotti, I. Rech, A. Gulinatti and M. Ghioni (Politecnico di Milano, DEIB, Milan, Italy)
| | - A Gulinatti
- M. Crotti, I. Rech, A. Gulinatti and M. Ghioni (Politecnico di Milano, DEIB, Milan, Italy)
| | - M Ghioni
- M. Crotti, I. Rech, A. Gulinatti and M. Ghioni (Politecnico di Milano, DEIB, Milan, Italy)
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Antonioli S, Miari L, Cuccato A, Crotti M, Rech I, Ghioni M. 8-Channel acquisition system for Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:064705. [PMID: 23822364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, an increasing number of applications require high-performance analytical instruments capable to detect the temporal trend of weak and fast light signals with picosecond time resolution. The Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC) technique is currently one of the preferable solutions when such critical optical signals have to be analyzed and it is fully exploited in biomedical and chemical research fields, as well as in security and space applications. Recent progress in the field of single-photon detector arrays is pushing research towards the development of high performance multichannel TCSPC systems, opening the way to modern time-resolved multi-dimensional optical analysis. In this paper we describe a new 8-channel high-performance TCSPC acquisition system, designed to be compact and versatile, to be used in modern TCSPC measurement setups. We designed a novel integrated circuit including a multichannel Time-to-Amplitude Converter with variable full-scale range, a D∕A converter, and a parallel adder stage. The latter is used to adapt each converter output to the input dynamic range of a commercial 8-channel Analog-to-Digital Converter, while the integrated DAC implements the dithering technique with as small as possible area occupation. The use of this monolithic circuit made the design of a scalable system of very small dimensions (95 × 40 mm) and low power consumption (6 W) possible. Data acquired from the TCSPC measurement are digitally processed and stored inside an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), while a USB transceiver allows real-time transmission of up to eight TCSPC histograms to a remote PC. Eventually, the experimental results demonstrate that the acquisition system performs TCSPC measurements with high conversion rate (up to 5 MHz/channel), extremely low differential nonlinearity (<0.04 peak-to-peak of the time bin width), high time resolution (down to 20 ps Full-Width Half-Maximum), and very low crosstalk between channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antonioli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Over the past years an always growing interest has arisen about the measurement technique of time-correlated single photon counting TCSPC), since it allows the analysis of extremely fast and weak light waveforms with a picoseconds resolution. Consequently, many applications exploiting TCSPC have been developed in several fields such as medicine and chemistry. Moreover, the development of multianode PMT and of single photon avalanche diode arrays led to the realization of acquisition systems with several parallel channels to employ the TCSPC technique in even more applications. Since TCSPC basically consists of the measurement of the arrival time of a photon, the most important part of an acquisition chain is the time measurement block, which must have high resolution and low differential nonlinearity, and in order to realize multidimensional systems, it has to be integrated to reduce both cost and area. In this paper we present a fully integrated time-to-amplitude converter, built in 0.35 μm Si-Ge technology, characterized by a good time resolution (60 ps), low differential nonlinearity (better than 3% peak to peak), high counting rate (16 MHz), low and constant power dissipation (40 mW), and low area occupation (1.38×1.28 mm(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crotti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Crotti M, Aguzzoli L, Carossino E, Accorsi P, Gargano G, Masellis G. [Evaluation and treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum]. Minerva Ginecol 2001; 53:413-9. [PMID: 11723426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Early pregnancy is characterized by nausea and vomiting which are the most frequent symptoms and the main reason for consulting the physician. This pathological aspect of pregnancy is not yet completely understood. The main doubts concern the etiology, the differential diagnosis and the management and follow-up of the patients. The question as to how and when to treat the symptom is still open. The purpose of this study is to examine, through a literature review, the problems and the appropriate medical approach regarding the severe cases or hyperemesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crotti
- Unità Operativa di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale B. Ramazzini di Carpi, Modena, Italy
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