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Raviglione F, Douzgou S, Scala M, Mingarelli A, D'Arrigo S, Freri E, Darra F, Giglio S, Bonaglia MC, Pantaleoni C, Mastrangelo M, Epifanio R, Elia M, Saletti V, Morlino S, Vari MS, De Liso P, Pavaine J, Spaccini L, Cattaneo E, Gardella E, Møller RS, Marchese F, Colonna C, Gandioli C, Gobbi G, Ram D, Palumbo O, Carella M, Germano M, Tonduti D, De Angelis D, Caputo D, Bergonzini P, Novara F, Zuffardi O, Verrotti A, Orsini A, Bonuccelli A, De Muto MC, Trivisano M, Vigevano F, Granata T, Bernardina BD, Tranchina A, Striano P. Electroclinical features of MEF2C haploinsufficiency-related epilepsy: A multicenter European study. Seizure 2021; 88:60-72. [PMID: 33831796 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is a main manifestation in the autosomal dominant mental retardation syndrome caused by heterozygous variants in MEF2C. We aimed to delineate the electro-clinical features and refine the genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with MEF2C haploinsufficiency. METHODS We thoroughly investigated 25 patients with genetically confirmed MEF2C-syndrome across 12 different European Genetics and Epilepsy Centers, focusing on the epileptic phenotype. Clinical features (seizure types, onset, evolution, and response to therapy), EEG recordings during waking/sleep, and neuroimaging findings were analyzed. We also performed a detailed literature review using the terms "MEF2C", "seizures", and "epilepsy". RESULTS Epilepsy was diagnosed in 19 out of 25 (~80%) subjects, with age at onset <30 months. Ten individuals (40%) presented with febrile seizures and myoclonic seizures occurred in ~50% of patients. Epileptiform abnormalities were observed in 20/25 patients (80%) and hypoplasia/partial agenesis of the corpus callosum was detected in 12/25 patients (~50%). Nine patients harbored a 5q14.3 deletion encompassing MEF2C and at least one other gene. In 7 out of 10 patients with myoclonic seizures, MIR9-2 and LINC00461 were also deleted, whereas ADGRV1 was involved in 3/4 patients with spasms. CONCLUSION The epileptic phenotype of MEF2C-syndrome is variable. Febrile and myoclonic seizures are the most frequent, usually associated with a slowing of the background activity and irregular diffuse discharges of frontally dominant, symmetric or asymmetric, slow theta waves with interposed spike-and-waves complexes. The haploinsufficiency of ADGRV1, MIR9-2, and LINC00461 likely contributes to myoclonic seizures and spasms in patients with MEF2C syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Member of ERN-ITHACA
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Francesca Darra
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Mastrangelo
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Vittore Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Epifanio
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS, E Medea Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Saletti
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Morlino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Padre Pio, snc, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola De Liso
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Julija Pavaine
- Academic Unit of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luigina Spaccini
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cattaneo
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gardella
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Rikke S Møller
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Clara Colonna
- Hospital Neuropsychiatry Service, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandioli
- Hospital Neuropsychiatry Service, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dipak Ram
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Padre Pio, snc, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Padre Pio, snc, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Michele Germano
- Maternal and Pediatric Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Poliambulatorio "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Padre Pio, snc, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Vittore Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego De Angelis
- Pediatric Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Davide Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, University of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | | | - Francesca Novara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Bonuccelli
- Pediatric Neurology Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Tiziana Granata
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Member of ERN EpiCARE
| | - Bernardo Dalla Bernardina
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonia Tranchina
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Mastroianno S, Germano M, Maggio A, Massaro R, Potenza DR, Russo A, Carella M, Di Stolfo G. Electrocardiogram in Friedreich's ataxia: A short-term surrogate endpoint for treatment efficacy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2020; 26:e12813. [PMID: 33151022 PMCID: PMC8293611 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is a rare degenerative neuromuscular disorder, caused by a homozygous GAA triplet repeat expansion in the frataxin (FXN) gene, with a broad clinical phenotype characterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, and loss of lower limb reflexes; cardiac involvement is represented by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac deaths. Currently, no definite therapy is available, while many drugs are under investigation; for this reasons, we need markers of short‐ and long‐term treatment efficacy acting on different tissue for trial evaluation. We describe the case of a 21‐year‐old patient affected by Friedreich's ataxia on wheel‐chair, with initial cardiac involvement and electrocardiographic features characterized by thiamine treatment‐related negative T wave and QTc variations. We discuss plausible physiopathology and potential ECG role implications as an intermediate marker of treatment response in future clinical trials considering patients affected by Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mastroianno
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Michele Germano
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angela Maggio
- Paediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Raimondo Massaro
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Poke G, King C, Muir A, de Valles-Ibáñez G, Germano M, Moura de Souza CF, Fung J, Chung B, Fung CW, Mignot C, Ilea A, Keren B, Vermersch AI, Davis S, Stanley T, Moharir M, Kannu P, Shao Z, Malerba N, Merla G, Mefford HC, Scheffer IE, Sadleir LG. The epileptology of GNB5 encephalopathy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:e121-e127. [PMID: 31631344 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in GNB5 cause an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with neonatal sinus bradycardia. Seizures or epilepsy occurred in 10 of 22 previously reported cases, including 6 children from one family. We delineate the epileptology of GNB5 encephalopathy. Our nine patients, including five new patients, were from seven families. Epileptic spasms were the most frequent seizure type, occurring in eight of nine patients, and began at a median age of 3 months (2 months to 3 years). Focal seizures preceded spasms in three children, with onset at 7 days, 11 days, and 4 months. One child presented with convulsive status epilepticus at 6 months. Three children had burst suppression on electroencephalography (EEG), three had hypsarrhythmia, and one evolved from burst suppression to hypsarrhythmia. Background slowing was present in all after age 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral atrophy in one child and cerebellar atrophy in another. All nine had abnormal development prior to seizure onset and ultimately had profound impairment without regression. Hypotonia was present in all, with contractures developing in two older patients. All individuals had biallelic pathogenic variants in GNB5, predicted by in silico tools to result in protein truncation and loss-of-function. GNB5 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy is characterized by epileptic spasms, focal seizures, and profound impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Poke
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chontelle King
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alison Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michele Germano
- Maternal and Pediatric Department, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Jasmine Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Wing Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Intellectual Disorders of Rare Causes, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Adina Ilea
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Thorsten Stanley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natascia Malerba
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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4
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Mecarelli O, Messina P, Capovilla G, Michelucci R, Romeo A, Beghi E, De Simone R, Cerquiglini A, Vecchi M, Boniver C, Monti F, Ferlazzo E, Gasparini S, Baldassarri C, Cesaroni E, Stranci G, Elia M, Severi S, Pizzanelli C, Ausserer H, Montalenti E, Pieri I, Germano M, Cantisani T, Casellato S, Pruna D. An educational campaign about epilepsy among Italian primary school teachers. 2. The results of a focused training program. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 42:93-7. [PMID: 25500360 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cohort of 582 Italian primary school teachers underwent a questionnaire survey to test their knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy and verify whether an intensive and focused educational program could result in improvement of knowledge and attitudes. The program consisted of a presentation of the clinical manifestations of epilepsy and the distribution of informative brochures and an educational kit on the disease and its management to be used with their students. After several months, 317 teachers were retested using the same questions. Upon retest, the number of "don't know" answers decreased significantly for almost all questions. This was not the case for negative attitudes. The same holds true for teachers believing that epilepsy is a source of learning disability and social disadvantage. These findings support the beliefs that education on epilepsy is more likely to affect ignorance than prejudice and that stronger interventions are needed to counteract stigmatizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriano Mecarelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Azienda Policlinico Umberto 1°, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Messina
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Child Neuropsychiatry Department, Epilepsy Center, "C. Poma Hospital", Mantova, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Epilepsy Center, Department of Neuroscience, "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico" Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italy.
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Germano M, Picollo MI, Spillmann C, Mougabure-Cueto G. Fenitrothion: an alternative insecticide for the control of deltamethrin-resistant populations of Triatoma infestans in northern Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 2014; 28:21-25. [PMID: 23668748 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin-based campaigns to control Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) have decreased in success as a result of the development of insecticide resistance. We compared the in vitro effects of the pyrethroid deltamethrin and two doses of the organophosphate fenitrothion, presented on different materials, on T. infestans from La Esperanza, Argentina. Laboratory tests demonstrated a decrease in susceptibility to deltamethrin in the field population [LD50 : 30.32 nanograms per insect (ng/i)] compared with the reference population (LD50 : 0.13 ng/i), giving a high resistance ratio of 233.42. By contrast, similar susceptibility to fenitrothion was assessed in both the field and reference populations (LD50 : 21.65 ng/i and 21.38 ng/i, respectively). The effectiveness of the formulated insecticides varied according to the surfaces to which they were applied. The application of fenitrothion formulations to glass or brick resulted in mortality of 90-100%. The application of fenitrothion formulations to wood or mud caused mortality in the range of 6.7-56.7%. Resistant insects presented low mortality when exposed to the deltamethrin formulation and high mortality when exposed to fenitrothion formulations. Moreover, the insecticides demonstrated residual activity only when applied to glass. The present work demonstrates that fenitrothion is an alternative to pyrethroids for the management of deltamethrin-resistant insects in La Esperanza. However, this effectiveness is not sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CONICET-CITEDEF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mecarelli O, Messina P, Capovilla G, Michelucci R, Romeo A, Beghi E, Lucibello S, Ferrari A, Vecchi M, de Palma L, Monti F, Ferlazzo E, Gasparini S, Passarelli D, Lodi M, Cesaroni E, Stranci G, Elia M, Severi S, Pizzanelli C, Ausserer H, Dordi B, Montalenti E, Pieri I, Galeone D, Germano M, Cantisani T, Casellato S, Pruna D. An educational campaign toward epilepsy among Italian primary school teachers: 1. Survey on knowledge and attitudes. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 32:84-91. [PMID: 24521730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A questionnaire survey was undertaken to assess the impact of a nationwide educational campaign about epilepsy on the knowledge and attitudes toward the disease among Italian primary school teachers. Five hundred and eighty-two teachers participated. All interviewees were aware of the existence of epilepsy, and most of them had direct experience with the disease. Answers about frequency, causes, outcome, and response to treatments were variable and not correlated with age, residency, and years of experience. Teachers had positive attitudes toward epilepsy, except for the idea that driving and sports can be safe for people with epilepsy. Epilepsy and its treatment were considered a source of learning disability and social disadvantages. Several teachers declared themselves being unable to help a child having seizures. Calling an ambulance was a frequent action. Knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy are improved compared with those reported in our previous studies. Although this may be a positive reflection of the increasing knowledge and the greater availability of information on epilepsy, there are still areas of uncertainty and incorrect behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriano Mecarelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Azienda Policlinico Umberto 1°, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Messina
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Child Neuropsychiatry Department, Epilepsy Center "C. Poma Hospital", Mantova, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Epilepsy Center, Department of Neuroscience, "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico" Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Milano, Italy.
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Alippi A, Bettucci A, Biagioni A, D'Orazio A, Germano M, Passeri D. Photoacoustic cell for ultrasound contrast agent characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:104903. [PMID: 21034110 DOI: 10.1063/1.3480545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustics has emerged as a tool for the study of liquid gel suspension behavior and has been recently employed in a number of new biomedical applications. In this paper, a photoacoustic sensor is presented which was designed and realized for analyzing photothermal signals from solutions filled with microbubbles, commonly used as ultrasound contrast agents in echographic imaging techniques. It is a closed cell device, where photothermal volume variation of an aqueous solution produces the periodic deflection of a thin membrane closing the cell at the end of a short pipe. The cell then acts as a Helmholtz resonator, where the displacement of the membrane is measured through a laser probe interferometer, whereas photoacoustic signal is generated by a laser chopped light beam impinging onto the solution through a glass window. Particularly, the microbubble shell has been modeled through an effective surface tension parameter, which has been then evaluated from experimental data through the shift of the resonance frequencies of the photoacoustic sensor. This shift of the resonance frequencies of the photoacoustic sensor caused by microbubble solutions is high enough for making such a cell a reliable tool for testing ultrasound contrast agent, particularly for bubble shell characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alippi
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Germano M, Alippi A, Bettucci A, Brizi F, Passeri D. Water temperature dependence of single bubble sonoluminescence threshold. Ultrasonics 2010; 50:81-83. [PMID: 19758674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature dependence of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) threshold has been experimentally measured to perform measurements at different temperatures on the very same bubble. Results show lower thresholds, i.e. an easier prime of mechanism, of sonoluminescence at lower water temperatures. Dependence is almost linear at lower temperatures while between 14 degrees C and about 20 degrees C the curve changes its slope reaching soon a virtual independence from water temperature above about 20 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Department of Energetics, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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9
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Germano M, Meleleo D, Montorfano G, Adorni L, Negroni M, Berra B, Rizzo AM. Plasma, red blood cells phospholipids and clinical evaluation after long chain omega-3 supplementation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nutr Neurosci 2007; 10:1-9. [PMID: 17539477 DOI: 10.1080/10284150601153801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), are crucial to brain development and function. Increasing evidence indicates that deficiencies or metabolic imbalances of these fatty acids might be associated with childhood developmental and psychiatric disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Omega-3 are often lacking on modern diets. Moreover preliminary evidences suggest that supplementation with omega-3 LCPUFAs, might help in the management of the ADHD linked behavioural and learning difficulties. However, few studies published to date have involved different populations, study designs, treatments and outcome results. Thus, further researches are required to assess the durability of the treatment effects, to determine optimal composition and dosages of the supplement and to develop reliable ways to identify patients that might have some benefits from this kind of treatment, also because the study of LCPUFAs and their metabolism might offer new approaches to the early identification and management of ADHD. In this paper, we provide new insight on the lipid pattern in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) phospholipids, together with evaluation of the arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio which seems to correlate with the improvement of the patients both from a biochemical and clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Germano
- NPI L R.C.S. Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza S. Giovanni R. (FG), Milan, Italy
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Alippi A, Bettucci A, Germano M, Passeri D. Harmonic and subharmonic acoustic wave generation in finite structures. Ultrasonics 2006; 44:e1313-e1318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Abstract
Shprintzen and Goldberg [1979] described a new autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by omphalocele, scoliosis, pharyngeal and laryngeal hypoplasia, mild dysmorphic face, and learning disabilities. This condition was described in a father and three daughters, one of whom died in infancy, probably of airway narrowing. Here, we report on a second observation of this syndrome in a 6-year-old patient. In our case, omphalocele, imperforate anus, and feeding impairment were the main clinical problems in the neonatal period. Scoliosis appeared during the fourth year of age. The facial appearance is similar to the original patients and additional clinical findings are described which expand the phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Zelante
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "CSS" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (Fg), Italy.
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12
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Passeri D, Alippi A, Bettucci A, Germano M, Rossi M, Terranova ML, Tamburri E, Orlanducci S. Local elastic measurement in nanostructured materials via atomic force acoustic microscopy technique. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Germano M, Gradinaru CC, Shkuropatov AY, van Stokkum IHM, Shuvalov VA, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, van Gorkom HJ. Energy and electron transfer in photosystem II reaction centers with modified pheophytin composition. Biophys J 2004; 86:1664-72. [PMID: 14990494 PMCID: PMC1304002 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy and electron transfer in Photosystem II reaction centers in which the photochemically inactive pheophytin had been replaced by 13(1)-deoxo-13(1)-hydroxy pheophytin were studied by femtosecond transient absorption-difference spectroscopy at 77 K and compared to the dynamics in untreated reaction center preparations. Spectral changes induced by 683-nm excitation were recorded both in the Q(Y) and in the Q(X) absorption regions. The data could be described by a biphasic charge separation. In untreated reaction centers the major component had a time constant of 3.1 ps and the minor component 33 ps. After exchange, time constants of 0.8 and 22 ps were observed. The acceleration of the fast phase is attributed in part to the redistribution of electronic transitions of the six central chlorin pigments induced by replacement of the inactive pheophytin. In the modified reaction centers, excitation of the lowest energy Q(Y) transition produces an excited state that appears to be localized mainly on the accessory chlorophyll in the active branch (B(A) in bacterial terms) and partially on the active pheophytin H(A). This state equilibrates in 0.8 ps with the radical pair. B(A) is proposed to act as the primary electron donor also in untreated reaction centers. The 22-ps (pheophytin-exchanged) or 33-ps (untreated) component may be due to equilibration with the secondary radical pair. Its acceleration by H(B) exchange is attributed to a faster reverse electron transfer from B(A) to. After exchange both and are nearly isoenergetic with the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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Alippi A, Albino M, Angelici M, Bettucci A, Germano M. Space distribution of harmonic mode vibration amplitudes in nonlinear finite piezoelectric transducer. Ultrasonics 2004; 43:1-3. [PMID: 15358522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear elastic vibrations of cylindrical piezoelectric transducers are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A particular behaviour, that relates the space distribution of the fundamental mode vibration to those of the second and third harmonic components, is observed. A simplified physical interpretation of the phenomenon is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alippi
- Department of Energetics, University of Rome "La Sapienza" Via A. Scarpa 14, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Germano M, Alippi A, Angelici M, Bettucci A. Self-interference between forward and backward propagating parts of a single acoustic plate mode. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:046608. [PMID: 12006048 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.046608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Near and far fields of a particular (S(1)) Lamb mode, generated on a steel plate by means of a wedge transducer, are investigated. These show an oscillating behavior of the radial profile of the acoustic field amplitude that can be interpreted and modelled as interference phenomenon between forward and backward propagating parts of the Lamb mode, simultaneously generated at the interface between transducer and plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Department of Energetics, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Germano M, Shkuropatov AY, Permentier H, de Wijn R, Hoff AJ, Shuvalov VA, van Gorkom HJ. Pigment organization and their interactions in reaction centers of photosystem II: optical spectroscopy at 6 K of reaction centers with modified pheophytin composition. Biochemistry 2001; 40:11472-82. [PMID: 11560495 DOI: 10.1021/bi010439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II reaction centers (RC) with selectively exchanged pheophytin (Pheo) molecules as described in [Germano, M., Shkuropatov, A. Ya., Permentier, H., Khatypov, R. A., Shuvalov, V. A., Hoff, A. J., and van Gorkom, H. J. (2000) Photosynth. Res. 64, 189-198] were studied by low-temperature absorption, linear and circular dichroism, and triplet-minus-singlet absorption-difference spectroscopy. The ratio of extinction coefficients epsilon(Pheo)/epsilon(Chl) for Q(Y) absorption in the RC is approximately 0.40 at 6 K and approximately 0.45 at room temperature. The presence of 2 beta-carotenes, one parallel and one perpendicular to the membrane plane, is confirmed. Absorption at 670 nm is due to the perpendicular Q(Y) transitions of the two peripheral chlorophylls (Chl) and not to either Pheo. The "core" pigments, two Pheo and four Chl absorb in the 676-685 nm range. Delocalized excited states as predicted by the "multimer model" are seen in the active branch. The inactive Pheo and the nearby Chl, however, mainly contribute localized transitions at 676 and 680 nm, respectively, although large CD changes indicate that exciton interactions are present on both branches. Replacement of the active Pheo prevents triplet formation, causes an LD increase at 676 and 681 nm, a blue-shift of 680 nm absorbance, and a bleach of the 685 nm exciton band. The triplet state is mainly localized on the Chl corresponding to B(A) in purple bacteria. Both Pheo Q(Y) transitions are oriented out of the membrane plane. Their Q(X) transitions are parallel to that plane, so that the Pheos in PSII are structurally similar to their homologues in purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Alippi A, Bettucci A, Germano M. Conditions for anomalous acousto-optical diffraction by backward propagating acoustic waves. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:026604. [PMID: 11308598 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.026604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence is given of acoustic plate waves, whose group velocity is contradirected with respect to the phase velocity, through a determination of the acoustic wavelength dependence on frequency, in a limited range of frequencies. The dependence dLambda/dOmega>0 between wavelength and frequency is experimentally verified, as the required condition for acousto-optical diffraction, where higher frequency components would scatter light into smaller diffraction angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alippi
- Department of Energetics, Rome University "La Sapienza" and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Sezione di Roma I, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Rinaldi G, Zarrelli MM, Beghi E, Apollo F, Germano M, Viesti PD, Simone P. The international classification of the epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. An algorithm for its use in clinical practice. Epilepsy Res 2000; 41:223-34. [PMID: 10962213 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An algorithm has been structured as a guided reading of the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) syndromic classification to be used in clinical practice by less experienced physicians in newly diagnosed patients. The algorithm followed the original structure of the classification, which identifies major syndromic groups, subgroups, and specific syndromes. Validation required two raters, a resident and a board-certified neurologist, to apply the algorithm with different techniques (direct or recorded interview, medical record consultation) to 19 children and 18 adults with epilepsy with information available at the time of diagnosis. The two raters' diagnoses were compared with those of the caring physicians, and cases where disagreement arose were discussed in conference to achieve consensus. The kappa statistic was used as a measure of inter-rater agreement. Caring physicians and both raters agreed in 51% of cases. Substantial agreement (kappa = 0.75) was obtained between the resident and the neurologist on major diagnostic groups and subgroups, mostly in adults. Agreement with the caring physician was slightly more satisfactory for the resident (kappa=0.67) than for the neurologist (kappa = 0.60). Agreement was better with direct or indirect interview than with record consultation, and improved further after discussion. Agreement was obtained after discussion in 32% of cases, in some of which the caring physician agreed on the resident's diagnosis. Agreement was less satisfactory for specific syndromes. On this basis, an algorithm of the ILAE classification is a fairly reliable instrument only for making a broad syndromic classification of epilepsy at the time of diagnosis. The limits of the algorithm tend mostly to reflect the intrinsic limitations of the classification itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rinaldi
- Divisione Neurologica, Ospedale 'Casa Sofferenca' IRCSS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Alippi A, Bettucci A, Germano M. Anomalous propagation characteristics of evanescent waves. Ultrasonics 2000; 38:817-820. [PMID: 10829778 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-624x(99)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An analysis is done of the crossing of a forbidden region in a thin plate by a backward propagating Lamb wave: the refraction/reflection effects undergone by the coupled modes produced at each boundary of the forbidden region are taken into consideration, as well as the penetration of the backward wave as an evanescent wave. The outcome of the acoustic perturbation is analysed for a few angles of incidence and experiments are performed that confirm the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alippi
- Dipartimento di Energetica, Universita di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy.
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Germano M, Shkuropatov AY, Permentier H, Khatypov RA, Shuvalov VA, Hoff AJ, Van Gorkom HJ. Selective replacement of the active and inactive pheophytin in reaction centres of Photosystem II by 13(1)-deoxo-13(1)-hydroxy-pheophytin a and comparison of their 6 K absorption spectra. Photosynth Res 2000; 64:189-98. [PMID: 16228457 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006407314449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pheophytin a (Pheo) in Photosystem II reaction centres was exchanged for 13(1)-deoxo-13(1)-hydroxy-pheophytin a (13(1)-OH-Pheo). The absorption bands of 13(1)-OH-Pheo are blue-shifted and well separated from those of Pheo. Two kinds of modified reaction centre preparations can be obtained by applying the exchange procedure once (RC(1x)) or twice (RC(2x)). HPLC analysis and Pheo Q(X) absorption at 543 nm show that in RC(1x) about 50% of Pheo is replaced and in RC(2x) about 75%. Otherwise, the pigment and protein composition are not modified. Fluorescence emission and excitation spectra show quantitative excitation transfer from the new pigment to the emitting chlorophylls. Photoaccumulation of Pheo(-) is unmodified in RC(1x) and decreased only in RC(2x), suggesting that the first exchange replaces the inactive and the second the active Pheo. Comparing the effects of the first and the second replacement on the absorption spectrum at 6 K did not reveal substantial spectral differences between the active and inactive Pheo. In both cases, the absorption changes in the Q(Y) region can be interpreted as a combination of a blue shift of a transition at 684 nm, a partial decoupling of chlorophylls absorbing at 680 nm and a disappearance of Pheo absorption in the 676-680 nm region. No absorption decrease is observed at 670 nm for RC(1x) or RC(2x), showing that neither of the two reaction centre pheophytins contributes substantially to the absorption at this wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germano
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Schelvis J, Germano M, Aartsma T, van Gorkom H. Energy transfer and trapping in Photosystem II core particles with closed reaction centers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00048-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Verga V, Malgieri F, Germano M, Sasso FS. [New directions in radiotherapy. The use of fast electrons]. Minerva Med 1979; 70:2603-9. [PMID: 481784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The post-surgical radiotherapy of breast cancer and its problems are discussed and an account is given of recent trends in this field. The use of fast electrons is regarded as an optimal form of management for the chest wall, and the ipsilateral subscapular and internal mammary lymph gland chains.
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Fabbrocini V, Leone P, Saviano G, Germano M. [On spontaneous pneumothorax due to neoplastic metastasis in the lung]. Rass Int Clin Ter 1967; 47:1161-1172. [PMID: 5617475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Minicucci E, Biscione C, Germano M. [Cavitary neoplastic metastases of the lung]. Rass Int Clin Ter 1967; 47:633-41. [PMID: 5607586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Guidi V, Germano M, Tsukamura M. [Effect of beta and gamma-ray irradiations on lyophilized Mycobacterium bovis]. Igaku To Seibutsugaku 1967; 74:141-4. [PMID: 4861828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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