1
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Wing
- From the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Allison Kimball
- From the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Michelle Rengarajan
- From the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zubiri L, Molina GE, Mooradian MJ, Cohen J, Durbin SM, Petrillo L, Boland GM, Juric D, Dougan M, Thomas MF, Faje AT, Rengarajan M, Guidon AC, Chen ST, Okin D, Medoff BD, Nasrallah M, Kohler MJ, Schoenfeld SR, Karp-Leaf RS, Sise ME, Neilan TG, Zlotoff DA, Farmer JR, Bardia A, Sullivan RJ, Blum SM, Semenov YR, Villani AC, Reynolds KL. Effect of a multidisciplinary Severe Immunotherapy Complications Service on outcomes for patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002886. [PMID: 34544895 PMCID: PMC8454442 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2017, Massachusetts General Hospital implemented the Severe Immunotherapy Complications (SIC) Service, a multidisciplinary care team for patients hospitalized with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), a unique spectrum of toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study's objectives were to evaluate the intervention's (1) effect on patient outcomes and healthcare utilization, and (2) ability to collect biological samples via a central infrastructure, in order to study the mechanisms responsible for irAEs. METHODS A hospital database was used to identify patients who received ICIs for a malignancy and were hospitalized with severe irAEs, before (April 2, 2016-October 3, 2017) and after (October 3, 2017-October 24, 2018) SIC Service initiation. The primary outcome was readmission rate after index hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) for admissions, corticosteroid and non-steroidal second-line immunosuppression use, ICI discontinuation, and inpatient mortality. RESULTS In the pre-SIC period, 127 of 1169 patients treated with ICIs were hospitalized for irAEs; in the post-SIC period, 122 of 1159. After SIC service initiation, reductions were observed in irAE readmission rate (14.8% post-SIC vs 25.9% pre-SIC; OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.95; p=0.036) and readmission LOS (median 6 days post-SIC vs 7 days pre-SIC; 95% CI -16.03 to -0.14; p=0.046). No significant pre-initiation and post-initiation differences were detected in corticosteroid use, second-line immunosuppression, ICI discontinuation, or inpatient mortality rates. The SIC Service collected 789 blood and tissue samples from 234 patients with suspected irAEs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that establishing a highly subspecialized care team focused on irAEs is associated with improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare utilization. Furthermore, the SIC Service successfully integrated blood and tissue collection safety into routine care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Zubiri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel E Molina
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan J Mooradian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justine Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sienna M Durbin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Petrillo
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Center for Cancer Research, Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex T Faje
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Rengarajan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda C Guidon
- Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mazen Nasrallah
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minna J Kohler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara R Schoenfeld
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca S Karp-Leaf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan E Sise
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel A Zlotoff
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Farmer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven M Blum
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Mass General Center for Cancer Research, Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry L Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molina GE, Zubiri L, Cohen JV, Durbin SM, Petrillo L, Allen IM, Murciano‐Goroff YR, Dougan M, Thomas MF, Faje AT, Rengarajan M, Guidon AC, Chen ST, Okin D, Medoff BD, Nasrallah M, Kohler MJ, Schoenfeld SR, Karp Leaf RS, Sise ME, Neilan TG, Zlotoff DA, Farmer JR, Mooradian MJ, Bardia A, Mai M, Sullivan RJ, Semenov YR, Villani AC, Reynolds KL. Temporal Trends and Outcomes Among Patients Admitted for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study from 2011 to 2018. Oncologist 2021; 26:514-522. [PMID: 33655682 PMCID: PMC8176966 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to characterize severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) seen among hospitalized patients and to examine risk factors for irAE admissions and clinically relevant outcomes, including length of stay, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) discontinuation, readmission, and death. METHODS Patients who received ICI therapy (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, or any ICI combination) at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and were hospitalized at MGH following ICI initiation between January 1, 2011, and October 24, 2018, were identified using pharmacy and hospital admission databases. Medical records of all irAE admissions were reviewed, and specialist review with defined criteria was performed. Demographic data, relevant clinical history (malignancy type and most recent ICI regimen), and key admission characteristics, including dates of admission and discharge, immunosuppressive management, ICI discontinuation, readmission, and death, were collected. RESULTS In total, 450 admissions were classified as irAE admissions and represent the study's cohort. Alongside the increasing use of ICIs at our institution, the number of patients admitted to MGH for irAEs has gradually increased every year from 9 in 2011 to 92 in 2018. The hospitalization rate per ICI recipient has declined over that same time period (25.0% in 2011 to 8.5% in 2018). The most common toxicities leading to hospitalization in our cohort were gastrointestinal (30.7%; n = 138), pulmonary (15.8%; n = 71), hepatic (14.2%; n = 64), endocrine (12.2%; n = 55), neurologic (8.4%; n = 38), cardiac (6.7%; n = 30), and dermatologic (4.4%; n = 20). Multivariable logistic regression revealed statistically significant increases in irAE admission risk for CTLA-4 monotherapy recipients (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; p < .001) and CTLA-4 plus PD-1 combination therapy recipients (OR, 1.88; p < .001), relative to PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy recipients, and patients with multiple toxicity had a 5-fold increase in inpatient mortality. CONCLUSION This study illustrates that cancer centers must be prepared to manage a wide variety of irAE types and that CTLA-4 and combination ICI regimens are more likely to cause irAE admissions, and earlier. In addition, admissions for patients with multi-organ involvement is common and those patients are at highest risk of inpatient mortality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The number of patients admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has gradually increased every year and the most common admissions are for gastrointestinal (30.7%), pulmonary (15/8%), and hepatic (14.2%) events. Readmission rates are high (29% at 30 days, 49% at 180 days) and 64.2% have to permanently discontinue immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Importantly, multiple concurrent toxicities were seen in 21.6% (97/450) of irAE admissions and these patients have a fivefold increased risk of inpatient death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Molina
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leyre Zubiri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Justine V. Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sienna M. Durbin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Laura Petrillo
- Division of Palliative Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian M. Allen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Center for Cancer Research, Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Center for Cancer Research, Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander T. Faje
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michelle Rengarajan
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amanda C. Guidon
- Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven T. Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Benjamin D. Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mazen Nasrallah
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Minna J. Kohler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara R. Schoenfeld
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rebecca S. Karp Leaf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan E. Sise
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tomas G. Neilan
- Cardio‐Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel A. Zlotoff
- Cardio‐Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jocelyn R. Farmer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Meghan J. Mooradian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Minh Mai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yevgeniy R. Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexandra Chloé Villani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases. Mass General Center for Cancer Research Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kerry L. Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zubiri L, Molina GE, Mooradian M, Durbin S, Dougan M, Thomas M, Faje A, Rengarajan M, Guidon AC, Chen ST, Nasrallah M, Kohler M, Sise M, Neilan TG, Zlotoff DA, Bardia A, Sullivan RJ, Semenov YR, Villani AC, Reynolds KL. Impact of multidisciplinary severe immunotherapy complication service on outcomes for cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2654 Background: The exponential increase in FDA-approved indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer care has resulted in therapeutic success but also in the occurrence of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) that can represent a significant clinical challenge. On October 3 2017, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) implemented the Severe Immunotherapy Complications (SIC) Service, a multi-disciplinary care team for patients hospitalized with irAEs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of SIC Service on 1) healthcare utilization and 2) patients outcomes. Methods: Using pharmacy and hospital admission databases, a list of patients was identified that both received ICI for a malignancy and were hospitalized with severe irAEs in the period prior to initiation of the SIC service and after SIC initiation. The pre-SIC period was defined as an admission between 4/2/2016 through 10/3/2017, and the post-SIC period as an admission from 10/3/2017 through 10/24/2018. The rate of readmission after the index hospitalization was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included lengths of stay (LOS) for both initial irAE admissions and readmissions, use of corticosteroids and non-steroidal second-line immunosuppression, ICI discontinuation, and inpatient mortality in the pre- and post-SIC periods. Results: Among 1169 patients treated in the pre-SIC service intervention period; 127 were hospitalized for irAE. Among 1159 patients treated in the post-SIC intervention 122 were hospitalized for irAE. SIC Service implementation was associated with a significant reduction in irAE readmission rates (post-SIC 14.8% vs. pre-SIC 25.9%; odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95; p=0.036). The length of stay, rates of corticosteroid use, second-line immunosuppression, and ICI discontinuation for irAE, as well as inpatient mortality rates were not significantly different before and after SIC Service implementation. Conclusions: This is the first study to report that establishing a highly subspecialized care team focused on irAEs can be associated with improved clinical outcomes for patients receiving ICI therapy. Such care teams may play an essential part in optimizing irAE care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda C Guidon
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Steven T. Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Kerry Lynn Reynolds
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rengarajan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rengarajan M, Theriot JA. Rapidly dynamic host cell heterogeneity in bacterial adhesion governs susceptibility to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2097-2106. [PMID: 32583738 PMCID: PMC7530904 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between host cells and individual pathogenic bacteria determine the clinical severity of disease during systemic infection in humans. Vascular endothelial cells, which line the lumen of blood vessels, represent a critical barrier for a bacterium in the bloodstream. These cells adopt a myriad of phenotypes that may modulate their susceptibility to infection; however, the precise determinants of their heterogeneity in susceptibility are not known. Here, we show that heterogeneity in susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection among primary human vascular endothelial cells can be attributed entirely to robust, preexisting host cell heterogeneity in bacterial adhesion, and we find no evidence for significant heterogeneity in later steps of infection. High susceptibility to adhesion decays rapidly, within 30–60 min. Thus, rapidly fluctuating, nongenetic variability in bacterial adhesion diversifies susceptibility to infection, both among host cells and within individual cells over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185-1800
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Strohbehn IA, Lee M, Seethapathy H, Chute D, Rahma O, Guidon A, Neilan TG, Zlotoff DA, Okin D, Rengarajan M, Reynolds K, Sise ME. Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients on Dialysis: A Retrospective Case Series. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:299-302. [PMID: 32417401 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.02.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Strohbehn
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Meghan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Harish Seethapathy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Donald Chute
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda Guidon
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Zlotoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Rengarajan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Meghan E Sise
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eberly LA, Richterman A, Beckett AG, Wispelwey B, Marsh RH, Cleveland Manchanda EC, Chang CY, Glynn RJ, Brooks KC, Boxer R, Kakoza R, Goldsmith J, Loscalzo J, Morse M, Lewis EF, Abel S, Adams A, Anaya J, Andrews EH, Atkinson B, Avutu V, Bachorik A, Badri O, Bailey M, Baird K, Bakshi S, Balaban D, Barshop K, Baumrin E, Bayomy O, Beamesderfer J, Becker N, Berg DD, Berman AN, Blum SM, Boardman AP, Boden K, Bonacci RA, Brown S, Campbell K, Case S, Cetrone E, Charrow A, Chiang D, Clark D, Cohen AJ, Cooper A, Cordova T, Cuneo CN, de Feria AA, Deffenbacher K, DeFilippis EM, DeGregorio G, Deutsch AJ, Diephuis B, Divakaran S, Dorschner P, Downing N, Drescher C, D'Silva KM, Dunbar P, Duong D, Earp S, Eckhardt C, Elman SA, England R, Everett K, Fedotova N, Feingold-Link T, Ferreira M, Fisher H, Foo P, Foote M, Franco I, Gilliland T, Greb J, Greco K, Grewal S, Grin B, Growdon ME, Guercio B, Hahn CK, Hasselfeld B, Haydu EJ, Hermes Z, Hildick-Smith G, Holcomb Z, Holroyd K, Horton L, Huang G, Jablonski S, Jacobs D, Jain N, Japa S, Joseph R, Kalashnikova M, Kalwani N, Kang D, Karan A, Katz JT, Kellner D, Kidia K, Kim JH, Knowles SM, Kolbe L, Kore I, Koullias Y, Kuye I, Lang J, Lawlor M, Lechner MG, Lee K, Lee S, Lee Z, Limaye N, Lin-Beckford S, Lipsyc M, Little J, Loewenthal J, Logaraj R, Lopez DM, Loriaux D, Lu Y, Ma K, Marukian N, Matias W, Mayers JR, McConnell I, McLaughlin M, Meade C, Meador C, Mehta A, Messenger E, Michaelidis C, Mirsky J, Mitten E, Mueller A, Mullur J, Munir A, Murphy E, Nagami E, Natarajan A, Nsahlai M, Nze C, Okwara N, Olds P, Paez R, Pardo M, Patel S, Petersen A, Phelan L, Pimenta E, Pipilas D, Plovanich M, Pong D, Powers BW, Rao A, Ramirez Batlle H, Ramsis M, Reichardt A, Reiger S, Rengarajan M, Rico S, Rome BN, Rosales R, Rotenstein L, Roy A, Royston S, Rozansky H, Rudder M, Ryan CE, Salgado S, Sanchez P, Schulte J, Sekar A, Semenkovich N, Shannon E, Shaw N, Shorten AB, Shrauner W, Sinnenberg L, Smithy JW, Snyder G, Sreekrishnan A, Stabenau H, Stavrou E, Stergachis A, Stern R, Stone A, Tabrizi S, Tanyos S, Thomas C, Thun H, Torres-Lockhart K, Tran A, Treasure C, Tsai FD, Tsaur S, Tschirhart E, Tuwatananurak J, Venkateswaran RV, Vishnevetsky A, Wahl L, Wall A, Wallace F, Walsh E, Wang P, Ward HB, Warner LN, Weeks LD, Weiskopf K, Wengrod J, Williams JN, Winkler M, Wong JL, Worster D, Wright A, Wunsch C, Wynter JS, Yarbrough C, Yau WY, Yazdi D, Yeh J, Yialamas MA, Yozamp N, Zambrotta M, Zon R. Identification of Racial Inequities in Access to Specialized Inpatient Heart Failure Care at an Academic Medical Center. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006214. [PMID: 31658831 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial inequities for patients with heart failure (HF) have been widely documented. HF patients who receive cardiology care during a hospital admission have better outcomes. It is unknown whether there are differences in admission to a cardiology or general medicine service by race. This study examined the relationship between race and admission service, and its effect on 30-day readmission and mortality Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study from September 2008 to November 2017 at a single large urban academic referral center of all patients self-referred to the emergency department and admitted to either the cardiology or general medicine service with a principal diagnosis of HF, who self-identified as white, black, or Latinx. We used multivariable generalized estimating equation models to assess the relationship between race and admission to the cardiology service. We used Cox regression to assess the association between race, admission service, and 30-day readmission and mortality. RESULTS Among 1967 unique patients (66.7% white, 23.6% black, and 9.7% Latinx), black and Latinx patients had lower rates of admission to the cardiology service than white patients (adjusted rate ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98, for black; adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97 for Latinx). Female sex and age >75 years were also independently associated with lower rates of admission to the cardiology service. Admission to the cardiology service was independently associated with decreased readmission within 30 days, independent of race. CONCLUSIONS Black and Latinx patients were less likely to be admitted to cardiology for HF care. This inequity may, in part, drive racial inequities in HF outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Eberly
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.E.)
| | - Aaron Richterman
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Anne G Beckett
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bram Wispelwey
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Regan H Marsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine (R.H.M., E.C.C.M., C.Y.C), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Cindy Y Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine (R.H.M., E.C.C.M., C.Y.C), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.Y.C)
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (R.J.G)
| | - Katherine C Brooks
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Boxer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rose Kakoza
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Goldsmith
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine (J.G., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Morse
- Department of Medicine (A.R., A.G.B., B.W., K.C.B., R.K., J.L., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine (J.G., M.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eldrin F Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Medicine (E.F..L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ortega FE, Rengarajan M, Chavez N, Radhakrishnan P, Gloerich M, Bianchini J, Siemers K, Luckett WS, Lauer P, Nelson WJ, Theriot JA. Adhesion to the host cell surface is sufficient to mediate Listeria monocytogenes entry into epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2945-2957. [PMID: 28877987 PMCID: PMC5662255 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes invades epithelial cells by binding to the host cell receptor E-cadherin, a component of the adherens junction. E-cadherin serves primarily as an adhesive to mediate bacterial invasion; the canonical E-cadherin/catenin/F-actin complex is not required for this process. The intestinal epithelium is the first physiological barrier breached by the Gram-positive facultative pathogen Listeria monocytogenes during an in vivo infection. Listeria monocytogenes binds to the epithelial host cell receptor E-cadherin, which mediates a physical link between the bacterium and filamentous actin (F-actin). However, the importance of anchoring the bacterium to F-actin through E-cadherin for bacterial invasion has not been tested directly in epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that depleting αE-catenin, which indirectly links E-cadherin to F-actin, did not decrease L. monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells in tissue culture. Instead, invasion increased due to increased bacterial adhesion to epithelial monolayers with compromised cell–cell junctions. Furthermore, expression of a mutant E-cadherin lacking the intracellular domain was sufficient for efficient L. monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells. Importantly, direct biotin-mediated binding of bacteria to surface lipids in the plasma membrane of host epithelial cells was sufficient for uptake. Our results indicate that the only requirement for L. monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells is adhesion to the host cell surface, and that E-cadherin–mediated coupling of the bacterium to F-actin is not required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian E Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | - Julie Bianchini
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | | | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rengarajan M, Hayer A, Theriot JA. Endothelial Cells Use a Formin-Dependent Phagocytosis-Like Process to Internalize the Bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005603. [PMID: 27152864 PMCID: PMC4859537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells act as gatekeepers that protect underlying tissue from blood-borne toxins and pathogens. Nevertheless, endothelial cells are able to internalize large fibrin clots and apoptotic debris from the bloodstream, although the precise mechanism of such phagocytosis-like uptake is unknown. We show that cultured primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) internalize both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria bacteria comparably, in a phagocytosis-like process. In contrast with previously studied host cell types, including intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes, we find that endothelial internalization of Listeria is independent of all known pathogenic bacterial surface proteins. Consequently, we exploited the internalization and intracellular replication of L. monocytogenes to identify distinct host cell factors that regulate phagocytosis-like uptake in HUVEC. Using siRNA screening and subsequent genetic and pharmacologic perturbations, we determined that endothelial infectivity was modulated by cytoskeletal proteins that normally modulate global architectural changes, including phosphoinositide-3-kinase, focal adhesions, and the small GTPase Rho. We found that Rho kinase (ROCK) is acutely necessary for adhesion of Listeria to endothelial cells, whereas the actin-nucleating formins FHOD1 and FMNL3 specifically regulate internalization of bacteria as well as inert beads, demonstrating that formins regulate endothelial phagocytosis-like uptake independent of the specific cargo. Finally, we found that neither ROCK nor formins were required for macrophage phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes, suggesting that endothelial cells have distinct requirements for bacterial internalization from those of classical professional phagocytes. Our results identify a novel pathway for L. monocytogenes uptake by human host cells, indicating that this wily pathogen can invade a variety of tissues by using a surprisingly diverse suite of distinct uptake mechanisms that operate differentially in different host cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rengarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Theriot
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Theriot J, Rengarajan M. Exploitation of host cell processes for bacterial cell‐to‐cell spread (99.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.99.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Quintero OA, DiVito MM, Adikes RC, Kortan MB, Case LB, Lier AJ, Panaretos NS, Slater SQ, Rengarajan M, Feliu M, Cheney RE. Human Myo19 is a novel myosin that associates with mitochondria. Curr Biol 2009; 19:2008-13. [PMID: 19932026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pleomorphic organelles that have central roles in cell physiology. Defects in their localization and dynamics lead to human disease. Myosins are actin-based motors that power processes such as muscle contraction, cytokinesis, and organelle transport. Here we report the initial characterization of myosin-XIX (Myo19), the founding member of a novel class of myosin that associates with mitochondria. The 970 aa heavy chain consists of a motor domain, three IQ motifs, and a short tail. Myo19 mRNA is expressed in multiple tissues, and antibodies to human Myo19 detect an approximately 109 kDa band in multiple cell lines. Both endogenous Myo19 and GFP-Myo19 exhibit striking localization to mitochondria. Deletion analysis reveals that the Myo19 tail is necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial localization. Expressing full-length GFP-Myo19 in A549 cells reveals a remarkable gain of function where the majority of the mitochondria move continuously. Moving mitochondria travel for many micrometers with an obvious leading end and distorted shape. The motility and shape change are sensitive to latrunculin B, indicating that both are actin dependent. Expressing the GFP-Myo19 tail in CAD cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial run lengths in neurites. These results suggest that this novel myosin functions as an actin-based motor for mitochondrial movement in vertebrate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Quintero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hallem EA, Rengarajan M, Ciche TA, Sternberg PW. Nematodes, bacteria, and flies: a tripartite model for nematode parasitism. Curr Biol 2007; 17:898-904. [PMID: 17475494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
More than a quarter of the world's population is infected with nematode parasites, and more than a hundred species of nematodes are parasites of humans [1-3]. Despite extensive morbidity and mortality caused by nematode parasites, the biological mechanisms of host-parasite interactions are poorly understood, largely because of the lack of genetically tractable model systems. We have demonstrated that the insect parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster constitute a tripartite model for nematode parasitism and parasitic infection. We find that infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis, which contain Photorhabdus in their gut, can infect and kill Drosophila larvae. We show that infection activates an immune response in Drosophila that results in the temporally dynamic expression of a subset of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, and that this immune response is induced specifically by Photorhabdus. We also investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IJ recovery, the developmental process that occurs in parasitic nematodes upon host invasion and that is necessary for successful parasitism. We find that the chemosensory neurons and signaling pathways that control dauer recovery in Caenorhabditis elegans also control IJ recovery in Heterorhabditis, suggesting conservation of these developmental processes across free-living and parasitic nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa A Hallem
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Okuno T, Rengarajan M. Letter: Effect of hypertransfusions on the neonate. Lancet 1976; 1:1411. [PMID: 59049 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)93060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|