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Villalva J, Rapakousiou A, Monclús MA, Fernández Blázquez JP, de la Vega J, Naranjo A, Vera-Hidalgo M, Ruiz-González ML, Pedersen H, Pérez EM. Interlocking Matrix and Filler for Enhanced Individualization and Reinforcement in Polymer-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16565-16572. [PMID: 37602897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor individualization and interfacial adhesion prevent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polymer composites from reaching outstanding mechanical properties. With much larger diameters, but common structural features (high aspect ratio and absence of functional groups for covalent or supramolecular attachment with the polymer), carbon fibers face similar problems, which are addressed by covering the fibers with a thin layer of polymer. This sizing strategy has allowed carbon fibers to become the filler of choice for the highest performing materials. Inspired by this, here we investigate the use of the mechanical bond to wrap SWNTs with a layer of polymeric material to produce SWNTs mechanically interlocked with a layer of polymer. We first validate the formation of mechanically interlocked nanotubes (MINTs) using mixtures of SWNTs of relatively large average diameter (1.6 ± 0.4 nm), which are commercially available at reasonable prices and therefore could be technologically relevant as polymer fillers. We then design and synthesize by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) a polymer decorated with multiple U-shaped molecules, which are later ring-closed around the SWNTs using metathesis. The obtained hybrids contain a high degree of individualized SWNTs and exhibit significantly increased mechanical properties when compared to the matrix polymer. We envision that this strategy could be employed to produce SWNTs interlocked with polymer layers with various designs for polymer reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Monclús
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jimena de la Vega
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Naranjo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Toro SA, Ridruejo A, González C, Monclús MA, Fernández-Blázquez JP. Optimization of Processing Conditions and Mechanical Properties for PEEK/PEI Multilayered Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4597. [PMID: 36365591 PMCID: PMC9653895 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of producing polyetheretherketone/polyetherimide (PEEK/PEI) blends is to combine the outstanding properties that both polymers present separately. Despite being miscible polymers, it is possible to achieve PEEK/PEI multilayered blends in which PEEK crystallinity is not significantly inhibited, as opposed to conventional extruding processes that lead to homogeneous mixtures with total polymer chain interpenetration. This study investigated a 50/50 (volume fraction) PEEK/PEI multilayered polymer blend in which manufacturing parameters were tailored to simultaneously achieve PEEK-PEI adhesion while keeping PEEK crystallinity in order to optimize the mechanical properties of this heterogeneous polymer blend. The interface adhesion was characterized with the use of three-point bending tests, which proved that a processing temperature below the melting point of PEEK produced weak PEEK-PEI interfaces. Results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that under a 350 °C consolidation temperature, there is a partial mixing of PEEK and PEI layers in the interface that provides good adhesion. The thickness of the mixed homogeneous region at this temperature exhibits reduced sensitivity to processing time, which ensures that both polymers essentially remain separate phases. This also entails that multilayered blends with good mechanical properties can be reliably produced with short manufacturing cycles. The combination of mechanical performance and potential joining capability supports their use in a wide range of applications in the automotive, marine, and aerospace industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Andrés Toro
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile 9170022, Chile
| | - Alvaro Ridruejo
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Monclús
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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Toirac B, Garcia-Casas A, Monclús MA, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Esteban J, Jiménez-Morales A. Influence of Addition of Antibiotics on Chemical and Surface Properties of Sol-Gel Coatings. Materials 2022; 15:ma15144752. [PMID: 35888219 PMCID: PMC9317242 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infection is one of the most common causes that leads to joint prosthesis failure. In the present work, biodegradable sol-gel coatings were investigated as a promising controlled release of antibiotics for the local prevention of infection in joint prostheses. Accordingly, a sol-gel formulation was designed to be tested as a carrier for 8 different individually loaded antimicrobials. Sols were prepared from a mixture of MAPTMS and TMOS silanes, tris(tri-methylsilyl)phosphite, and the corresponding antimicrobial. In order to study the cross-linking and surface of the coatings, a battery of examinations (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 29Si-NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, EDS, AFM, and water contact angle, thickness, and roughness measurements) were conducted on the formulations loaded with Cefoxitin and Linezolid. A formulation loaded with both antibiotics was also explored. Results showed that the coatings had a microscale roughness attributed to the accumulation of antibiotics and organophosphites in the surface protrusions and that the existence of chemical bonds between antibiotics and the siloxane network was not evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Toirac
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (A.J.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amaya Garcia-Casas
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (A.J.-M.)
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Monclús
- Micro- and Nano-Mechanics Department, Madrid Institutes for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)—Materials, 28906 Madrid, Spain;
| | - John J. Aguilera-Correa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.A.-C.); (J.E.)
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.A.-C.); (J.E.)
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Jiménez-Morales
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (A.J.-M.)
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Alvaro Alonso Barba Technological Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
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Rapakousiou A, López-Moreno A, Nieto-Ortega B, Bernal MM, Monclús MA, Casado S, Navío C, González LR, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Vilatela JJ, Pérez EM. Stronger aramids through molecular design and nanoprocessing. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe how to build ultrastrong polymeric nanofilms through a combination of molecular design and nanostructuration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luisa R. González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
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Navarro-Baena I, Jacobo-Martín A, Hernández JJ, Castro Smirnov JR, Viela F, Monclús MA, Osorio MR, Molina-Aldareguia JM, Rodríguez I. Single-imprint moth-eye anti-reflective and self-cleaning film with enhanced resistance. Nanoscale 2018; 10:15496-15504. [PMID: 29855639 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antireflective transparent materials are essential for a myriad of applications to allow for clear vision and efficient light transmission. Despite the advances, efficient and low cost solutions to clean antireflective surfaces have remained elusive. Here, we present a practical approach that enables the production of antireflective polymer surfaces based on moth-eye inspired features incorporating photoinduced self-cleaning properties and enhanced mechanical resistance. The methodology involves the fabrication of sub-wavelength moth-eye nanofeatures onto transparent surface composite films in a combined processing step of nanoparticle coating and surface nanoimprinting. The resulting surfaces reduced the optical reflection losses from values of 9% of typical PMMA plastic films to an optimum value of 0.6% in the case of double-sided moth-eye nanoimprinted films. The composite moth-eye topography also showed an improved stiffness and scratch resistance. This technology represents a significant advancement not limited by scale, for the development of antireflective films for low cost application products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Navarro-Baena
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience), C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco. 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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