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Villalva J, Rapakousiou A, Monclús MA, Fernández Blázquez JP, de la Vega J, Naranjo A, Vera-Hidalgo M, Ruiz-González ML, Pedersen H, Pérez EM. Interlocking Matrix and Filler for Enhanced Individualization and Reinforcement in Polymer-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16565-16572. [PMID: 37602897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor individualization and interfacial adhesion prevent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polymer composites from reaching outstanding mechanical properties. With much larger diameters, but common structural features (high aspect ratio and absence of functional groups for covalent or supramolecular attachment with the polymer), carbon fibers face similar problems, which are addressed by covering the fibers with a thin layer of polymer. This sizing strategy has allowed carbon fibers to become the filler of choice for the highest performing materials. Inspired by this, here we investigate the use of the mechanical bond to wrap SWNTs with a layer of polymeric material to produce SWNTs mechanically interlocked with a layer of polymer. We first validate the formation of mechanically interlocked nanotubes (MINTs) using mixtures of SWNTs of relatively large average diameter (1.6 ± 0.4 nm), which are commercially available at reasonable prices and therefore could be technologically relevant as polymer fillers. We then design and synthesize by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) a polymer decorated with multiple U-shaped molecules, which are later ring-closed around the SWNTs using metathesis. The obtained hybrids contain a high degree of individualized SWNTs and exhibit significantly increased mechanical properties when compared to the matrix polymer. We envision that this strategy could be employed to produce SWNTs interlocked with polymer layers with various designs for polymer reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Monclús
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jimena de la Vega
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Naranjo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Silvestri A, Zayas-Arrabal J, Vera-Hidalgo M, Di Silvio D, Wetzl C, Martinez-Moro M, Zurutuza A, Torres E, Centeno A, Maestre A, Gómez JM, Arrastua M, Elicegui M, Ontoso N, Prato M, Coluzza I, Criado A. Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by graphene field-effect transistors. Nanoscale 2023; 15:1076-1085. [PMID: 36546457 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated a global health crisis, causing over 2 million casualties and altering human daily life all over the world. This pandemic emergency revealed the limitations of current diagnostic tests, highlighting the urgency to develop faster, more precise and sensitive sensors. Graphene field effect transistors (GFET) are analytical platforms that enclose all these requirements. However, the design of a sensitive and robust GFET is not a straightforward objective. In this work, we report a GFET array biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the human membrane protein involved in the virus internalisation: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By finely controlling the graphene functionalisation, by tuning the Debye length, and by deeply characterising the ACE2-spike protein interactions, we have been able to detect the target protein with an extremely low limit of detection (2.94 aM). This work set the basis for a new class of analytical platforms, based on human membrane proteins, with the potential to detect a broad variety of pathogens, even before their isolation, being a powerful tool in the fight against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Julian Zayas-Arrabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Desire Di Silvio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Wetzl
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Moro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Amaia Zurutuza
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elias Torres
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alba Centeno
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Maestre
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gómez
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Arrastua
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Elicegui
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Ontoso
- Graphenea Semiconductor SLU., Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 3412 7 Trieste, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ivan Coluzza
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Criado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Universidade da Coruña, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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3
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Martínez-Periñán E, García-Mendiola T, Enebral-Romero E, Del Caño R, Vera-Hidalgo M, Vázquez Sulleiro M, Navío C, Pariente F, Pérez EM, Lorenzo E. A MoS 2 platform and thionine-carbon nanodots for sensitive and selective detection of pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113375. [PMID: 34087724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the combination of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and à la carte functionalized carbon nanodots (CNDs) for the development of DNA biosensors for selective and sensitive detection of pathogens. MoS2 flakes prepared through liquid-phase exfoliation, serves as platform for thiolated DNA probe immobilization, while thionine functionalized carbon nanodots (Thi-CNDs) are used as electrochemical indicator of the hybridization event. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies confirmed the interaction of Thi-CNDs with DNA. As an illustration of the pathogen biosensor functioning, DNA sequences from InIA gen of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria and open reading frame sequence (ORF1ab) of SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected and quantified with a detection limit of 67.0 fM and 1.01 pM, respectively. Given the paradigmatic selectivity of the DNA hybridization, this approach allows pathogen detection in the presence of other pathogens, demonstrated by the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in presence of Escherichia coli. We note that this design is in principle amenable to any pathogen for which the DNA has been sequenced, including other viruses and bacteria. As example of the application of the method in real samples it has been used to directly detect Listeria monocytogenes in cultures without any DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania García-Mendiola
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Rafael Del Caño
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Navío
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Pariente
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Vázquez Sulleiro M, Quirós-Ovies R, Vera-Hidalgo M, Gómez IJ, Sebastián V, Santamaría J, Pérez EM. Covalent Cross-Linking of 2H-MoS 2 Nanosheets. Chemistry 2021; 27:2993-2996. [PMID: 33231902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The combination of 2D materials opens a wide range of possibilities to create new-generation structures with multiple applications. Covalently cross-linked approaches are a ground-breaking strategy for the formation of homo or heterostructures made by design. However, the covalent assembly of transition metal dichalcogenides flakes is relatively underexplored. Here, a simple covalent cross-linking method to build 2H-MoS2 -MoS2 homostructures is described, using commercially available bismaleimides. These assemblies are mainly connected vertically, basal plane to basal plane, creating specific molecular sized spaces between MoS2 sheets. Therefore, this straightforward approach gives access to the controlled connection of sulfide-based 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Quirós-Ovies
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- CEITEC Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Wielend D, Vera-Hidalgo M, Seelajaroen H, Sariciftci NS, Pérez EM, Whang DR. Mechanically Interlocked Carbon Nanotubes as a Stable Electrocatalytic Platform for Oxygen Reduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:32615-32621. [PMID: 32573248 PMCID: PMC7383929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocking redox-active anthraquinone onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (AQ-MINT) gives a new and advanced example of a noncovalent architecture for an electrochemical platform. Electrochemical studies of AQ-MINT as an electrode reveal enhanced electrochemical stability in both aqueous and organic solvents compared to physisorbed AQ-based electrodes. While maintaining the electrochemical properties of the parent anthraquinone molecules, we observe a stable oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using such AQ-MINT electrodes, 7 and 2 μmol of H2O2 are produced over 8 h under basic and neutral conditions, while the control system of SWCNTs produces 2.2 and 0.5 μmol, respectively. These results reveal the potential of this rotaxane-type immobilization approach for heterogenized electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wielend
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA
Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hathaichanok Seelajaroen
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA
Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dong Ryeol Whang
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-Daro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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6
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Quirós-Ovies R, Vázquez Sulleiro M, Vera-Hidalgo M, Prieto J, Gómez IJ, Sebastián V, Santamaría J, Pérez EM. Controlled Covalent Functionalization of 2 H-MoS 2 with Molecular or Polymeric Adlayers. Chemistry 2020; 26:6629-6634. [PMID: 32101348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most air-stable 2D materials are relatively inert, which makes their chemical modification difficult. In particular, in the case of MoS2 , the semiconducting 2 H-MoS2 is much less reactive than its metallic counterpart, 1T-MoS2 . As a consequence, there are hardly any reliable methods for the covalent modification of 2 H-MoS2 . An ideal method for the chemical functionalization of such materials should be both mild, not requiring the introduction of a large number of defects, and versatile, allowing for the decoration with as many different functional groups as possible. Herein, a comprehensive study on the covalent functionalization of 2 H-MoS2 with maleimides is presented. The use of a base (Et3 N) leads to the in situ formation of a succinimide polymer layer, covalently connected to MoS2 . In contrast, in the absence of base, functionalization stops at the molecular level. Moreover, the functionalization protocol is mild (occurs at room temperature), fast (nearly complete in 1 h), and very flexible (11 different solvents and 10 different maleimides tested). In practical terms, the procedures described here allow for the chemist to manipulate 2 H-MoS2 in a very flexible way, decorating it with polymers or molecules, and with a wide range of functional groups for subsequent modification. Conceptually, the spurious formation of an organic polymer might be general to other methods of functionalization of 2D materials, where a large excess of molecular reagents is typically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quirós-Ovies
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Prieto
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- CEITEC Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Vera-Hidalgo M, Giovanelli E, Navío C, Pérez EM. Mild Covalent Functionalization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Maleimides: A "Click" Reaction for 2H-MoS 2 and WS 2. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3767-3771. [PMID: 30677294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) make them promising candidates as active nanomaterials for catalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedical applications. Chemical modification of TMDCs is expected to be key in modifying/adding new functions that will help make such promise a reality. We present a mild method for the modification of the basal planes of 2H-MoS2 and WS2. We exploit the soft nucleophilicity of sulfur to react it with maleimide derivatives, achieving covalent functionalization of 2H-TMDCs under very mild conditions. Extensive characterization proves that the reaction occurs through Michael addition. The orthogonality and versatility of the thiol-ene "click" chemistry is expected to allow the à la carte chemical manipulation of TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia , C/Faraday 9 , Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Emerson Giovanelli
- IMDEA Nanociencia , C/Faraday 9 , Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina Navío
- IMDEA Nanociencia , C/Faraday 9 , Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia , C/Faraday 9 , Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
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8
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Blanco M, Nieto-Ortega B, de Juan A, Vera-Hidalgo M, López-Moreno A, Casado S, González LR, Sawada H, González-Calbet JM, Pérez EM. Positive and negative regulation of carbon nanotube catalysts through encapsulation within macrocycles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2671. [PMID: 29991679 PMCID: PMC6039438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most attractive applications of carbon nanomaterials is as catalysts, due to their extreme surface-to-volume ratio. The substitution of C with heteroatoms (typically B and N as p- and n-dopants) has been explored to enhance their catalytic activity. Here we show that encapsulation within weakly doping macrocycles can be used to modify the catalytic properties of the nanotubes towards the reduction of nitroarenes, either enhancing it (n-doping) or slowing it down (p-doping). This artificial regulation strategy presents a unique combination of features found in the natural regulation of enzymes: binding of the effectors (the macrocycles) is noncovalent, yet stable thanks to the mechanical link, and their effect is remote, but not allosteric, since it does not affect the structure of the active site. By careful design of the macrocycles' structure, we expect that this strategy will contribute to overcome the major hurdles in SWNT-based catalysts: activity, aggregation, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blanco
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Nieto-Ortega
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto de Juan
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Moreno
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Casado
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa R González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José M González-Calbet
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Burzurí E, Vera-Hidalgo M, Giovanelli E, Villalva J, Castellanos-Gomez A, Pérez EM. Simultaneous assembly of van der Waals heterostructures into multiple nanodevices. Nanoscale 2018; 10:7966-7970. [PMID: 29616692 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) are made of different two-dimensional (2D) layers stacked on top of each other, forming a single material with unique properties that differ from those of the individual 2D constituent layers, and that can be modulated through the interlayer interaction. These hetero-materials can be artificially made by mechanical stamping, solution processing or epitaxial growth. Alternatively, franckeite has been recently described as an example of a naturally-occurring vdWH that can be exfoliated down to nanometer thicknesses. Research on vdWHs has so far been limited to manually exfoliated and stamped individual devices. Here, a scalable and fast method to fabricate vdWH nanodevices from liquid phase exfoliated nanoflakes is reported. The transport and positioning of the flakes into localized submicrometer structures is achieved simultaneously in multiple devices via a dielectrophoretic process. The complex vdWH is preserved after dielectrophoresis and the properties of the resulting field-effect transistors are equivalent to those fabricated via mechanical exfoliation and stamping. The combination of liquid phase exfoliation and dielectrophoretic assembly is particularly suited for the study of vdWHs and applications where large-scale fabrication is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Burzurí
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c\Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Nieto-Ortega B, Villalva J, Vera-Hidalgo M, Ruiz-González L, Burzurí E, Pérez EM. Band-Gap Opening in Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulation of an Organic Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Nieto-Ortega
- IMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; c/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; c/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; c/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Luisa Ruiz-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Enrique Burzurí
- IMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; c/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience; Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco; c/Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
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