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Vescovini A, Lomazzi L, Giglio M, Manes A. Numerical Study on the Damage of a Carbon Woven Composite Panel Subjected to Blast Loading. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4269. [PMID: 37959949 PMCID: PMC10648481 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast loading represents a critical dynamic condition for engineering structures. While the response of metal materials to such a condition has been studied in detail, the behavior of composites has not been properly addressed yet. In this context, this work leverages numerical methods to assess the damage that occurs in a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plate subjected to close-range blast loading. Numerical analyses were carried out using two methods, i.e., the pure Lagrangian and hybrid coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approaches. The simulations were validated against observations from a benchmark experimental test taken from the literature. The results showed that (i) the hybrid approach seems to be the most promising solution in terms of efficiency and accuracy; (ii) the Lagrangian approach can accurately reproduce the experimental observations, even though it comes with strong limitations; and (iii) the numerically predicted damage adheres to the experimentally observed damage, although the simulation outcome is influenced by the modeling technique used to describe the behavior of the composite material. We consider the approaches presented in this paper promising for investigation of blast-loaded composite structures, and further improvements can be achieved by (i) refining the description of the material behavior, e.g., by including the strain rate sensitivity; and (ii) better modeling the boundary conditions.
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Villalva J, Rapakousiou A, Monclús MA, Fernández Blázquez JP, de la Vega J, Naranjo A, Vera-Hidalgo M, Ruiz-González ML, Pedersen H, Pérez EM. Interlocking Matrix and Filler for Enhanced Individualization and Reinforcement in Polymer-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16565-16572. [PMID: 37602897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor individualization and interfacial adhesion prevent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polymer composites from reaching outstanding mechanical properties. With much larger diameters, but common structural features (high aspect ratio and absence of functional groups for covalent or supramolecular attachment with the polymer), carbon fibers face similar problems, which are addressed by covering the fibers with a thin layer of polymer. This sizing strategy has allowed carbon fibers to become the filler of choice for the highest performing materials. Inspired by this, here we investigate the use of the mechanical bond to wrap SWNTs with a layer of polymeric material to produce SWNTs mechanically interlocked with a layer of polymer. We first validate the formation of mechanically interlocked nanotubes (MINTs) using mixtures of SWNTs of relatively large average diameter (1.6 ± 0.4 nm), which are commercially available at reasonable prices and therefore could be technologically relevant as polymer fillers. We then design and synthesize by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) a polymer decorated with multiple U-shaped molecules, which are later ring-closed around the SWNTs using metathesis. The obtained hybrids contain a high degree of individualized SWNTs and exhibit significantly increased mechanical properties when compared to the matrix polymer. We envision that this strategy could be employed to produce SWNTs interlocked with polymer layers with various designs for polymer reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Villalva
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Monclús
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jimena de la Vega
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Naranjo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Mezher R, Arayro J, Hascoet N, Chinesta F. Study of Concentrated Short Fiber Suspensions in Flows, Using Topological Data Analysis. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:1229. [PMID: 34573854 PMCID: PMC8466080 DOI: 10.3390/e23091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the discrete simulation of the flow of concentrated suspensions encountered in the forming processes involving reinforced polymers, and more particularly the statistical characterization and description of the effects of the intense fiber interaction, occurring during the development of the flow induced orientation, on the fibers' geometrical center trajectory. The number of interactions as well as the interaction intensity will depend on the fiber volume fraction and the applied shear, which should affect the stochastic trajectory. Topological data analysis (TDA) will be applied on the geometrical center trajectories of the simulated fiber to prove that a characteristic pattern can be extracted depending on the flow conditions (concentration and shear rate). This work proves that TDA allows capturing and extracting from the so-called persistence image, a pattern that characterizes the dependence of the fiber trajectory on the flow kinematics and the suspension concentration. Such a pattern could be used for classification and modeling purposes, in rheology or during processing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Mezher
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait; (R.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Jack Arayro
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait; (R.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Nicolas Hascoet
- PIMM Lab, ESI Group Chair, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, 151 Boulevard de Hopital, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Francisco Chinesta
- PIMM Lab, ESI Group Chair, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, 151 Boulevard de Hopital, 75013 Paris, France;
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Córdova RK, Elías-Zúiga A, Elizalde LE, Siller HR, Sánchez JA, Rodríguez CA, Ortega W. Polymeric Materials Reinforced with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: A Constitutive Material Model. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:2873-2891. [PMID: 28811414 PMCID: PMC5521287 DOI: 10.3390/ma6072873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we have modified an existing material model introduced by Cantournet and co-workers to take into account softening and residual strain effects observed in polymeric materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes when subjected to loading and unloading cycles. In order to assess the accuracy of the modified material model, we have compared theoretical predictions with uniaxial extension experimental data obtained from reinforced polymeric material samples. It is shown that the proposed model follows experimental data well as its maximum errors attained are lower than 2.67%, 3.66%, 7.11% and 6.20% for brominated isobutylene and paramethylstyrene copolymer reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (BIMSM-MWCNT), reinforced natural rubber (NR-MWCNT), polybutadiene-carbon black (PB-CB), and PC/ABS reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- René K Córdova
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
| | - Alex Elías-Zúiga
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
| | - Luis E Elizalde
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140 Saltillo, Coahuila CP25250, Mexico.
| | - Héctor R Siller
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio Sánchez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
| | - Ciro A Rodríguez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Ortega
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey CP64849, Mexico.
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