Sleeve gastrectomy links the attenuation of diabetic kidney disease to the inhibition of renal tubular ferroptosis through down-regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway

PURPOSE

To investigate how sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a typical operation of bariatric surgery, attenuated symptom, and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

METHODS

DKD model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin in Wistar rats. SG was performed, and the group subjected to sham surgery served as control. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery, followed by sample collection for the subsequent experiment. The HK-2, a renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line derived from human, was utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms.

RESULTS

SG improved metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis, and could alleviate DKD in terms of renal function indices as well as histological and morphological structures in DM rats, accompanied with a significant reduction in renal tubular injury. Compared with sham group, SG reduced the renal tubular ferroptosis. To further clarify the mechanism involved, in vitro experiments were performed. In the presence of high glucose, renal tubular TGF-β1 secretion was significantly increased in HK-2 cell line, which led to activation of ferroptosis through TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of TGF-β1 receptor and phosphorylation of Smad3 significantly ameliorated TGF-β1-mediated ferroptosis. In vivo experiments also found that SG improved the hyperglycemic environment, reduced renal TGF-β1 concentrations, and down-regulated the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

With the capacity to lower the glucose, SG could attenuate the ferroptosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in DKD rats, and eventually attenuated DKD.

E3 ubiquitin ligase rififylin has yin and yang effects on rabbit cardiac transient outward potassium currents (Ito) and corresponding channel proteins

Genome-wide association studies have reported a correlation between a SNP of the RING finger E3 ubiquitin protein ligase rififylin (RFFL) and QT interval variability in humans (Newton-Cheh et al., 2009). Previously, we have shown that RFFL downregulates expression and function of the human-like ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel and corresponding rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) in adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes. Here, we report that RFFL also affects the transient outward current (Ito), but in a peculiar way. RFFL overexpression in adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes significantly decreases the contribution of its fast component (Ito,f) from 35% to 21% and increases the contribution of its slow component (Ito,s) from 65% to 79%. Since Ito,f in rabbits is mainly conducted by Kv4.3, we investigated the effect of RFFL on Kv4.3 expressed in HEK293A cells. We found that RFFL overexpression reduced Kv4.3 expression and corresponding Ito,f in a RING domain-dependent manner in the presence or absence of its accessory subunit Kv channel-interacting protein 2. On the other hand, RFFL overexpression in Kv1.4-expressing HEK cells leads to an increase in both Kv1.4 expression level and Ito,s, similarly in a RING domain-dependent manner. Our physiologically detailed rabbit ventricular myocyte computational model shows that these yin and yang effects of RFFL overexpression on Ito,f, and Ito,s affect phase 1 of the action potential waveform and slightly decrease its duration in addition to suppressing IKr. Thus, RFFL modifies cardiac repolarization reserve via ubiquitination of multiple proteins that differently affect various potassium channels and cardiac action potential duration.

AAV9-based PMM2 gene replacement augments PMM2 expression and improves glycosylation in primary fibroblasts of patients with phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG)

Inherited deficiency of phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) (aka PMM2-CDG) is the most common congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and has no cure. With debilitating morbidity and significant mortality, it is imperative to explore novel, safe, and effective therapies for the disease. Our Proof-of-Concept study showed that AAV9-PMM2 infection of patient fibroblasts augmented PMM2 expression and improved glycosylation. Thus, AAV9-PMM2 gene replacement is a promising therapeutic strategy for PMM2-CDG patients.

Noninvasive Radiation Markers Based on Lung Cancer CT Images and Dosimetry Features to Predict the Immune Response to Radiotherapy in Tumor Microenvironment

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

For lung cancer patients with complex conditions, doctors need to determine treatment plan in combination with changes of immune response during radiotherapy. It was urgent to find a strategy to predict immune response to intervene the treatment at an early stage.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The radiotherapy process and tumor microenvironment status of 105 lung cancer patients were tracked and recorded in our hospital from 2019 to 2022, public database TCGA-LUAD/LUSC queue of TCIA image data was downloaded as external verification set. Data was analyzed according to the following methods: First, the 3D slicer software was used to process the CT imageomics data, and the doseomics information was calculated by DVHmetrics package from R software. Then Python was brought in to develop a non-invasive radiation scoring system through machine learning methods (T-test, LASSO, random forest and Xgboost). Finally, combined with the clinical information related to the patient's immune response, a nomogram was made to study the correlation between the score markers and the ratio of CD4 cells/CD8 cells in the tumor microenvironment, the prognosis of lung cancer, as well as the incidence of radiation pneumonia.

RESULTS

The radiation markers score formula was obtained with CT imageomics and DVH dosimics features, which achieved an AUC of 0.67-0.75 in predicting CD4/CD8 condition in tumor microenvironment after radiotherapy. It was worth noticing that in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer, it was difficult to distinguish between the radiation score and the patient's survival status (P>0.05). However, we found that the radiation pneumonitis of lung cancer patients in the low score group (42.6%) was significantly higher than that in the high score group (13.4%).

CONCLUSION

Radiation markers score was a non-invasive method to evaluate the immune response of patients with lung cancer, which can be used to predict the incidence of radiation pneumonitis.

First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment

We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment, which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of 5.9 ton. During the (1.09±0.03)  ton yr exposure used for this search, the intrinsic ^{85}Kr and ^{222}Rn concentrations in the liquid target are reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of (15.8±1.3)  events/ton yr keV in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between 3.3 and 60.5 keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.58×10^{-47}  cm^{2} for a WIMP mass of 28  GeV/c^{2} at 90% confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure.

"Double-edged sword" effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor development and carcinogenesis

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small reactive molecules produced by cellular metabolism and regulate various physiological and pathological functions. Many studies have shown that ROS plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibition of tumor cells. Different concentrations of ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect on the occurrence and development of tumors. A certain concentration of ROS can activate growth-promoting signals, enhance the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, and cause damage to biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, ROS can enhance the body's antitumor signal at higher levels by initiating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. This review analyzes ROS's unique bidirectional regulation mechanism on tumor cells, focusing on the key signaling pathways and regulatory factors that ROS affect the occurrence and development of tumors and providing ideas for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of ROS action and its clinical application.

Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T

Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from multiply interacting massive particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This Letter places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1×10^{12} and 2×10^{17}  GeV/c^{2}. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale.

[Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical decortication for stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and feasibility of "double-portal" video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical(VATS) decortication among patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema, and then to evaluate the recovery of chest deformity. Method: This study was a single center retrospective study. A total of 49 patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema who underwent VATS pleural decortication at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 2017 and April 2021 were enrolled, including 38 males, and 11 females, aged 13-60 (27.5±10.4) years. The safety and feasibility of VATS were further evaluated. The inner circumference of the chest on sternal and xiphoid planes on chest CT scans before and 1, 3, 6, 12months after decortication were collected through the measuring software of the CT. The samples in-pair test was used to compare the changes in the chest to reflect the recovery of the chest deformity. Results: In the 49 patients, The surgical time was (186±61) min, and the volume of blood loss was (366±267) ml. There were 8 cases (16.33%) with postoperative complications during the perioperative period. Constant air leak and pneumonia were the main postoperative complications. No relapse of empyema or dissemination of tuberculosis occured during the period of follow-up. Before surgery, the inner thoracic circumference of the thorax at the level of the carina plane was (655±54) mm, and the inner thoracic circumference of the thorax at the level of the xiphoid plane was (720±69) mm. Patients were followed for 12-36 months. The inner thoracic circumference of the thoracic cavity at the level of carina was (666±51), (667±47) and (671±47) mm at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months after operation, which were significantly larger than that at the level of carina before operation (all P<0.05). The inner thoracic circumference diameter of the thoracic cavity measured at the xiphoid level at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months after the operation was (730±65), (733±63) and (735±63) mm respectively(all P<0.05).The inner thoracic circumference of the thoracic cavity increased significantly than that before surgery (P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, there was significant difference in the improvement of the inner thoracic circumference of the carina plane in patients with age less than 20 years and FEV₁% less than 80% (P=0.015, P=0.003). The improvement in the inner thoracic circumference of the carina plane in patients with pleural thickening≥8 mm compared with those with less than 8 mm was not statistically different(P=0.070). Conclusions: For some patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema, pleural decortication under thoracoscopy is safe and feasible, and can significantly restore the inner thoracic circumference of the patient's chest, improve the collapse of the patient's chest, and have significant clinical effect. The "double-portal VATS" surgical technology has the advantage of less trauma, wide operation field, large operation space and is easy to master, which is worth further exploring for clinical application.

An interpretable machine learning model for real-time sepsis prediction based on basic physiological indicators

OBJECTIVE

In view of the important role of risk prediction models in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, and the limitations of existing models in terms of timeliness and interpretability, we intend to develop a real-time prediction model of sepsis with high timeliness and clinical interpretability.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We used eight real-time basic physiological monitoring indicators of patients, including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, temperature and blood glucose, extracted three-hour dynamic feature sequences, and calculated 3 linear parameters (mean, standard deviation, and endpoint value), a 24-dimensional feature vector was constructed, and finally a real-time sepsis prediction model was constructed based on the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanation (LIME) interpretability method.

RESULTS

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Accuracy and F1 scores of Extremely Randomized Trees we built were higher than those of other models, with AUROC above 0.76, showing the best performance. The Imbalance XGBoost has a high specificity (0.86) in predicting sepsis. The LIME local interpretable model we built can display a large amount of valid model prediction details for clinical workers' reference, including the prediction probability and the influence of each feature on the prediction result, thus effectively assisting the work of clinical workers and improving diagnostic efficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

This model can provide real-time dynamic early warning of sepsis for critically ill patients under supervision and provide a reference for clinical decision support. At the same time, interpretive analysis of sepsis prediction models can improve the credibility of the models.

[Uterine POLE mutant endometrioid carcinoma combined with human papilloma virus-associated cervical adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review]

Independent primary uterine and cervical adenocarcinoma are rare and difficult to identify their origins, which makes treatment decision difficult. A 46-year-old female with endometrioid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated of the uterine cervix was reported. The patient presented with increased menstrual flow, contact bleeding and watery leucorrhea for more than one year, and the imaging findings showed abnormal uterine morphology, irregular margins, and multiple abnormal signals in uterine cavity and myometrium, which suggested multiple leiomyomas of the uterus. The signal intensity in the right muscle layer was markedly enhanced, suggesting a smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential. A large number of cystic hypointensity was seen in the cervix, and multiple cysts were considered. The initial preoperative diagnosis was multiple leiomyoma of the uterus, and a hysterectomy operation was planned. During the operation, the uterus was sent for frozen sections. There was a mass in the endometrium of the fundus, with a soft grayish-red cut surface and a clear border with the myometrium, and there was a grayish-white nodule in the cervix with a hard grayish-white cut surface. The two masses were well demarcated from each other, and the distance between them was 30 mm. The result of the frozen sections indicated the malignant tumor of the endometrium, and the extended hysterectomy+pelvic lymphadenectomy+partial resection of the greater omentum was performed. After the operation, the paraffin sections were sent to the Department of Pathology of the Peking University Third Hospital for histochemistry, POLE gene sequencing and HPV RNAscope tests, and the final diagnosis was a synchronous endometrioid carcinoma (POLE-mutant according to the WHO classification) and an adenocarcinoma, HPV-associated of the uterine cervix. Now the patient had been treated with 2 cycles of chemotherapy and her condition was fine. Through the analysis of the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular detection results of this case, the importance of applying HPV RNAscope and TCGA molecular typing in the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinomas and endometrial carcinomas was emphasized. At the same time, gynecologists should not blindly rely on intraoperative frozen sections, and should pay attention to preoperative pathological examination, and make appropriate operation methods according to the results in order to prevent passivity in the surgery.

Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT

We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 ton liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to (15.8±1.3)  events/(ton×year×keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and ∼5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 ton-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter.

[Bedside monitoring of lung perfusion by electrical impedance tomography]

As a non-invasive and radiation-free bedside imaging method, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can perform real-time regional pulmonary ventilation evaluation and pulmonary blood flow monitoring for patients, thus realizing bedside ventilation/perfusion matching visualization, effectively guiding the pathophysiological mechanism of hypoxemia, and providing a new method for the study of pulmonary blood flow. EIT has also played a unique and irreplaceable role in COVID-19 research and treatment. At the same time, as functional imaging, the operation details and image reconstruction algorithm of this technology still need to be further optimized by more researches to provide a more robust evaluation in clinical application. In this paper, EIT pulmonary blood flow monitoring methods, operation and implementation of monitoring indicators, application and related research progress will be described.

Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^{222}$$\end{document}222Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim $$\end{document}∼17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^{222}$$\end{document}222Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$\end{document}-0.7+0.5) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document}μBq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.

Context Matters: Social Psychological Factors That Underlie Academic Performance across Seven Institutions

To enhance equity and diversity in undergraduate biology, recent research in biology education focuses on best practices that reduce learning barriers for all students and improve academic performance. However, the majority of current research into student experiences in introductory biology takes place at large, predominantly White institutions. To foster contextual knowledge in biology education research, we harnessed data from a large research coordination network to examine the extent of academic performance gaps based on demographic status across institutional contexts and how two psychological factors, test anxiety and ethnicity stigma consciousness, may mediate performance in introductory biology. We used data from seven institutions across three institution types: 2-year community colleges, 4-year inclusive institutions (based on admissions selectivity; hereafter, inclusive), and 4-year selective institutions (hereafter, selective). In our sample, we did not observe binary gender gaps across institutional contexts, but found that performance gaps based on underrepresented minority status were evident at inclusive and selective 4-year institutions, but not at community colleges. Differences in social psychological factors and their impacts on academic performance varied substantially across institutional contexts. Our findings demonstrate that institutional context can play an important role in the mechanisms underlying performance gaps.

Linc00703 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression by modulating CyclinD1/CDK4 expression

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to detect the expression of linc00703 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of linc00703 in NSCLC using in vitro experiments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The carcinoma tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from 32 patients diagnosed with NSCLC, from which the RNA was extracted. The relative expression of linc00703 in NSCLC tissues was detected via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The NSCLC cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells were selected, in which the relative expression of linc00703 was determined via qRT-PCR. Next, the linc00703 overexpression plasmids were designed and synthesized, and then transiently transfected into NSCLC cells. After 48 h, the overexpression efficiency was detected. Finally, the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution and expressions of downstream molecular markers were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively, after overexpression of linc00703 in NSCLC cells.

RESULTS

The results of qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of linc00703 was down-regulated by 5.14 times on average in 29 out of 32 cases of NSCLC tissues, and it was also down-regulated in NSCLC cells. Besides, it was found through CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry that after overexpression of linc00703 in NSCLC cells, the cell proliferation was inhibited, the apoptosis was enhanced, and the cell cycle was arrested in G1/G0 phase. Furthermore, the results of Western blotting showed that after overexpression of linc00703, the protein expressions of cyclinD1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) declined, while those of cyclinE1 and CDK2 did not change.

CONCLUSIONS

The expression of linc00703 is down-regulated in NSCLC, and it suppresses the occurrence and development of NSCLC via mediating the expression of cyclinD1/CDK4.

Medical ozone induces proliferation and migration inhibition through ROS accumulation and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB suppression in human liver cancer cells in vitro

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and leading cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Ozone has been proposed as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of various disorders.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential anticancer effects of the ozone on liver cancer cells.

METHOD

The liver cancer cell line of bel7402 and SMMC7721 was used in this study. Proliferation was evaluated using the CCK-8 and the colony formation assay. Wond healing assay and transwell assay without Matrigel were used to evaluate their migration ability. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination. Glutathione detection kit was used for measurement of glutathione level. Protein expression was estimated by western blot analysis.

RESULTS

Ozone treatment inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation, colony formation. Ozone induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which could be elucidated by the change of protein levels of p53, p21, Cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cdc2, and CDK4. We also found that ozone treatment inhibited migration ability by inhibiting EMT-relating protein. Ozone also induced ROS accumulation and decreased glutathione level decreased, which contributed to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that pre-treatment of liver cancer cells with N-acetylcysteine resisted ozone-induced effects.

CONCLUSIONS

Ozone restrains the proliferation and migration potential and EMT process of liver cancer cells via ROS accumulation and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB suppression.

MicroRNA-597 inhibits NSCLC progression through negatively regulating CDK2 expression

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have shown that microRNA-597 serves as a tumor suppressor gene. However, the role of microRNA-597 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-597 in NSCLC, and to further explore the possible underlying mechanism.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to examine microRNA-597 level in tumor tissues and para-cancerous normal tissues collected from 50 patients with NSCLC. The interplay between microRNA-597 expression and clinical indicators, as well as prognosis of NSCLC patients, was analyzed. Meanwhile, qPCR was used to verify microRNA-59 level in NSCLC cell lines. Subsequently, microRNA-597 overexpression and knockdown models were constructed using lentivirus in NSCLC cell lines (including H1299 and PC-9). The impacts of microRNA-597 on the biological functions of NSCLC cells were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, respectively. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assay and recovery experiment were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism.

RESULTS

QPCR results indicated that microRNA-597 level in NSCLC tissues was remarkably lower than that of adjacent normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared with patients with high expression of microRNA-597, patients with low expression of microRNA-597 exhibited significantly higher incidence of pathological stage and lower overall survival rate (p<0.05). Similarly, compared with NC group, the proliferation ability of NSCLC cells was remarkably weakened in microRNA-597 overexpression group (p<0.05). However, the opposite results were observed in microRNA-597 inhibitor group (p<0.05). CDK2 expression was found remarkably elevated in NSCLC cell lines as well as in tissue samples CDK2 expression. Meanwhile, CDK2 expression was negatively correlated with microRNA-597 expression. Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that overexpression of CDK2 could significantly attenuate the luciferase activity of wild-type microRNA-597 vector without attenuating that of mutant vector CDK2 expression. This further suggested that microRNA-597 could target bind to CDK2. Furthermore, cell recovery experiment revealed that CDK2 could reverse the impact of microRNA-597 on the malignant progression of NSCLC.

CONCLUSIONS

MicroRNA-597 expression was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, as well as cell lines. Meanwhile, microRNA-597 expression was associated with the pathological staging and poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. In addition, microRNA-597 might suppress the malignant progression of NSCLC through the regulation of CDK2.

[Advances in researches on neoadjuvant therapy for resectable colorectal liver metastasis]

Surgery is recognized as the core treatment for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), while its recurrence rate remains relatively high, even for resectable CRLM. This hints that the efficacy of treatment involves not only technological factors of surgery, but also biological behavior of tumor. For resectable CRLM, neoadjuvant therapy is beneficial to eliminate the micro-metastasis, reduce postoperative recurrence rate, screen tumor biological behavior and improve prognosis. However, questions about which kind of CRLM patients fits for neoadjuvant therapy and what regimen should be used are still debatable. This paper reviews stratified management of resectable CRLM, choice of neoadjuvant regimen, especially the application value of targeted therapy, based on the latest guidelines and studies.

The endosomal trafficking regulator LITAF controls the cardiac Nav1.5 channel via the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2

The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation.

A Comparative Analysis of Immunohistochemical Profile of Primary and Metastatic Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma

Introduction/Objective

Beta catenin plays an important role in cancer tumorigenesis and have been found to be associated with metastasis in a variety of tumors. Analyzing TCGA data, we found that 30% of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma cases have beta-catenin mutations. We hypothesize that beta-catenin mutation may be associated with metastasis of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. ER and PR expression was also compared to determine any changes after metastasis.

Methods

Retrospective institutional review of all endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (192 cases) between 2011 to 2018 was performed, including 149 cases of FIGO grade I, 38 cases of FIGO grade II and 5 cases of FIGO grade III. 19 cases with paired primary and metastatic specimen were identified. Immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) was carried out for ER, PR and beta-catenin.

Results

Median patient age was 56 years. The most common metastatic site was vagina, accounting for 68% of metastasis (14/19), followed by bladder (3/19), lung (2/19) and rectum (1/19). The primary and metastatic carcinoma of all 19 cases exhibit very similar morphology. All of those cases were positive and concordant for ER and PR in primary and metastatic endometrioid carcinoma. On the other hand, nuclear beta-catenin staining caused by mutation was positive in 5 metastatic carcinoma but not in primary carcinoma.

Conclusion

IHC expression of ER and PR remains unchanged between primary and metastatic carcinoma, demonstrating the reliability of ER and PR to confirm the origin of metastatic carcinoma. 26% of the metastatic carcinoma (5/19) exhibit nuclear beta-catenin staining but not in primary carcinoma, suggesting the possible role of beta-catenin in metastasis of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma.

Correlations of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms with onset and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms with the onset and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 400 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (disease group) and healthy controls (control group) in our hospital were selected as research subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood. UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms rs8330, rs4148323 and rs35003977 were detected after Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression level of UGT1A1. The survival of patients was analyzed combined with their prognosis. Moreover, the expression of UGT1A1 gene in lung cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed by bioinformatics, and the prognosis was analyzed.

RESULTS

According to the expression level of UGT1A1 gene from TCGA and GTEx databases, UGT1A1 gene was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues but lowly expressed in normal lung tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Combined with the expression level of UGT1A1 and the prognostic information of lung cancer patients from TCGA database, patients with higher expression level of UGT1A1 gene exhibited significantly better prognosis than those with lower level (p=0.0013), suggesting that UGT1A1 gene is an anti-oncogene. There were statistically differences in allele distribution of UGT1A1 gene polymorphism rs8330 between the disease group and control group (p=0.003), and the frequency of allele G was higher in disease group. Moreover, the distribution of genotypes of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms rs8330 (p=0.006) and rs4148323 (p=0.003) in the disease group was significantly different from that in the control group, and the frequencies of GG genotype of polymorphisms rs8330 and rs4148323 were higher in the disease group. Statistically significant differences in the distribution of recessive models of UGT1A1 gene polymorphism rs8330 were observed between the disease group and control group (p=0.047), and the disease group exhibited a lower frequency of recessive model GC + CC than control group. There were evident differences in the distribution of haplotype GGT of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms rs8330, rs4148323 and rs35003977 between the disease group and control group (p=0.004), and the frequencies of haplotype GGT were higher in the disease group than those in the control group. UGT1A1 gene polymorphism rs8330 was remarkably associated with gene expression (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of UGT1A1 gene in patients carrying genotype CC declined notably compared with that in patients carrying genotypes GG and GC (p<0.05). Furthermore, the polymorphism rs8330 had a significant correlation with the survival of patients in disease group (p=0.0001), and patients with genotype CC had the worst prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms are prominently correlated with the onset and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Chi3l1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by promoting macrophage infiltration

The article "Chi3l1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by promoting macrophage infiltration, by Y. Wang, M. Zhong, W. Wang, Y.-H. Li, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (11): 4996-5003-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18091-PMID: 31210337" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18091.

MiR-1-3p suppresses cell proliferation and invasion and targets STC2 in gastric cancer

OBJECTIVE

MiR-1 has been reported to act as an inhibitory microRNA in gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism by which miR-1-3p blocks the progression of GC by targeting stanniocalcin 2 (STC2).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression level of miR-1-3p in GC was assessed via quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Expressions of STC2 were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Proliferation and invasion assays were detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and transwell assays, respectively. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding sites between miR-1-3p and STC2.

RESULTS

MiR-1-3p was significantly down-regulated in GC. Moreover, abnormal expression of miR-1-3p was correlated with GC tumor size. Functionally, overexpression of miR-1-3p inhibited proliferation and invasion in GC by inhibiting stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) expressions. In contrast, STC2 was significantly up-regulated in GC. Furthermore, miR-1-3p negatively regulated STC2 expression in GC. The upregulation of STC2 weakened the inhibitory effect of miR-1-3p in GC.

CONCLUSIONS

MiR-1-3p suppressed cell proliferation and invasion by targeting STC2 in GC, providing a novel therapeutic target for GC.

Long noncoding RNA CASC15 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and facilitates cell proliferation and metastasis via targeting miR-130b-3p

OBJECTIVE

Recent researches have discovered a class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are dysregulated in various tumors and linked to carcinogenesis. This study aims to uncover the molecular functions of lncRNA CASC15 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect CASC15 expression in 55 NSCLC samples and four NSCLC cell lines. Besides, the function of CASC15 was detected through proliferation assay, transwell assay, and wound healing assay in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the interaction between CASC15 and miR-130b-3p in NSCLC was studied by performing dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, tumor formation and metastasis assay were performed in vivo.

RESULTS

CASC15 expression was remarkably upregulated in NSCLC samples compared with that in adjacent samples. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in NSCLC were inhibited via knockdown of CASC15 in vitro. Moreover, RT-qPCR results revealed that miR-130b-3p was upregulated via knockdown of CASC15 in vitro. In addition, miR-130b-3p was a direct target of CASC15 in NSCLC. Tumor formation and metastasis were inhibited after CASC15 was knockdown in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study indicates that CASC15 could promote metastasis and proliferation of NSCLC through sponging miR-130b-3p in vitro and in vivo, which may offer a new therapeutic intervention for NSCLC patients.

Long non-coding RNA OR3A4 is associated with poor prognosis of human non-small cell lung cancer and regulates cell proliferation via up-regulating SOX4

OBJECTIVE

Recent studies have uncovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression of malignant tumors. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common type of fatal cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the specific function of lncRNA OR3A4 in the progression of NSCLC, and to explore the possible underlying mechanism.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

LncRNA OR3A4 expression in 52-paired NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation assay and cell apoptosis assay were used to investigate the function of OR3A4 in NSCLC. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was explored by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay.

RESULTS

OR3A4 expression was remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues when compared with adjacent normal tissues. The overall survival of NSCLC patients in high OR3A4 expression group was significantly worse than those in low OR3A4 expression group. After the silence of OR3A4, the proliferation of NSCLC cells was significantly inhibited. Besides, the apoptosis of NSCLC cells was remarkably promoted after the silence of OR3A4. Meanwhile, knockdown of OR3A4 significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of SOX4 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the expression of SOX4 was found upregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cells.

CONCLUSIONS

These above results suggested that OR3A4 could promote cell proliferation and suppress cell apoptosis in NSCLC through up-regulating SOX4. Our findings demonstrated that OR3A4 might serve as a new therapeutic intervention for NSCLC patients.

LncRNA HAGLROS accelerates the progression of lung carcinoma via sponging microRNA-152

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiling of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HAGLROS and microRNA-152 in lung carcinoma (LCa), and to explore their regulatory effects on the malignant progression of LCa.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression of HAGLROS in 44 paired LCa tissues and matched adjacent tissues was determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between HAGLROS expression and clinical indexes of LCa patients was analyzed. Furthermore, HAGLROS expression in LCa cell lines was detected as well. The HAGLROS over-expression and knockdown models were established in A549 and SPC-A1 cells by transfection of pcDNA-HAGLROS and anti-HAGLROS, respectively. The biological influences of HAGLROS on LCa cells were evaluated through a series of functional experiments. Furthermore, the potential relationship between HAGLROS and microRNA-152 was analyzed.

RESULTS

HAGLROS was highly expressed in LCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. LCa patients with a higher expression of HAGLROS presented significantly worse tumor stage, a higher rate of lymphatic metastasis, and a lower survival. The knockdown of HAGLROS significantly attenuated the proliferative and migratory abilities of LCa cells. Meanwhile, HAGLROS over-expression obtained the opposite results. MicroRNA-152 was negatively correlated with HAGLROS in LCa. Rescue experiments showed that the knockdown of microRNA-152 reversed the regulatory effects of HAGLROS on proliferative and migratory abilities of LCa cells.

CONCLUSIONS

HAGLROS expression is correlated with tumor stage and lymphatic metastasis of LCa patients. Furthermore, HAGLROS accelerates proliferation and migration of LCa cells by regulating microRNA-152.

LncRNA FBXL19-AS1 promotes proliferation and metastasis via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE

To detect the relative expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 19-antisense RNA 1 (FBXL19-AS1) in tissues and cells of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and investigate the mechanism of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via in vitro experiments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The relative expression of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in NSCLC tissues and cells was detected via quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The colony formation assay was performed to study the impact of interference with lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 expression on NSCLC cell proliferation. The flow cytometry was applied to determine the influence of si-FBXL19-AS1 on the cycle distribution of NSCLC cells. After the interference with lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 expression, the transwell assay was utilized to measure the changes in the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells, while the expression changes in EMT-related molecular markers was detected via Western blotting.

RESULTS

The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in NSCLC tissues and cells was up-regulated. According to the results of the colony formation assay, the proliferative capacity of NSCLC cells was decreased after the interference with lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 expression. In flow cytometry, it was indicated that the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase in the experimental group compared with that in the control group. The transwell assay results showed that the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells were weakened after the interference with lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 expression. The results of the Western blotting assay revealed that the expressions of EMT-related molecular markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, etc.) were changed.

CONCLUSIONS

The expression of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in NSCLC tissues and cells is up-regulated, and the highly expressed lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 can promote NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the EMT.

Chi3l1 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by promoting macrophage infiltration

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the role of Chi3l1 in Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In vivo model of liver injury was established in mice administrated with APAP (250 mg/kg) or equivalent phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mouse liver tissues were collected at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after treatment, respectively. ALT levels and apoptosis were evaluated. Additionally, we established APAP-induced acute liver injury model in wild-type (WT) mice and Chi3l1-deficient (Chi3l1-/-) mice. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from mouse liver, and the amounts of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils were then counted by flow cytometry. Serum levels of cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were extracted from each mouse.

RESULTS

After APAP stimulation, Chi3l1-/- mice showed more severe liver injury than that of WT mice, which was manifested as higher ALT levels and more necrotic or apoptotic cells. Compared with WT mice, Chi3l1-/- mice expressed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and IL-6), macrophage-associated molecules (CD68 and CD86), as well as the amounts of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils. In addition, higher expressions of inflammatory cytokines were found in BMDMs extracted from WT mice treated with those BMDM lysates derived from Chi3l1-/- mice than those of non-treated cells. APAP-treated Chi3l1-/- mice exhibited more severe liver injury than that of WT mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirmed that Chi3l1 protects the liver function from APAP-induced injury by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and macrophage infiltration.

[Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preservation of the left colic artery: anatomical basis and surgical experience]

In order to increase the blood supply of anastomosis, surgeons choose to preserve the left colon artery (LCA) during the laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. However, surgeons are always ailed by hemorrhage and incompletely dissection of No. 253 lymph nodes. One reason is the shortage of understanding the relationship between inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), LCA, and inferior mesenteric vein before surgery. Another reason is that surgeon always remove the lymph nodes around LCA, while don't normatively resect No. 253 lymph nodes, which affect the overall survival rate. Therefore, the "medial-to-lateral approach" for laparoscopic preservation with LCA radical resection in rectal cancer was suggested in this article. The CT technique could be used to analyze the IMA classification, which contribuated to the standard conservation of LCA. Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer could be completed of high quality, through accurate definition and exactly dissection of the No. 235 lymph nodes.

Late INa Blocker GS967 Supresses Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Transgenic Rabbit Model of Long QT Type 2

BACKGROUND

Long QT syndrome has been associated with sudden cardiac death likely caused by early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardias (PVTs). Suppressing the late sodium current (INaL) may counterbalance the reduced repolarization reserve in long QT syndrome and prevent EADs and PVTs.

METHODS

We tested the effects of the selective INaL blocker GS967 on PVT induction in a transgenic rabbit model of long QT syndrome type 2 using intact heart optical mapping, cellular electrophysiology and confocal Ca2+ imaging, and computer modeling.

RESULTS

GS967 reduced ventricular fibrillation induction under a rapid pacing protocol (n=7/14 hearts in control versus 1/14 hearts at 100 nmol/L) without altering action potential duration or restitution and dispersion. GS967 suppressed PVT incidences by reducing Ca2+-mediated EADs and focal activity during isoproterenol perfusion (at 30 nmol/L, n=7/12 and 100 nmol/L n=8/12 hearts without EADs and PVTs). Confocal Ca2+ imaging of long QT syndrome type 2 myocytes revealed that GS967 shortened Ca2+ transient duration via accelerating Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (INCX)-mediated Ca2+ efflux from cytosol, thereby reducing EADs. Computer modeling revealed that INaL potentiates EADs in the long QT syndrome type 2 setting through (1) providing additional depolarizing currents during action potential plateau phase, (2) increasing intracellular Na+ (Nai) that decreases the depolarizing INCX thereby suppressing the action potential plateau and delaying the activation of slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ channels (IKs), suggesting important roles of INaL in regulating Nai.

CONCLUSIONS

Selective INaL blockade by GS967 prevents EADs and abolishes PVT in long QT syndrome type 2 rabbits by counterbalancing the reduced repolarization reserve and normalizing Nai. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.

miR-146a alleviates the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by microglia activation via targeting TRAF6

OBJECTIVE

To identify the role of miR-146a and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) for improving the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by microglia activation.

METHODS

Mouse microglial cell line (BV2 cell) was employed and treated with lipopolysaccharide. Mouse hippocampal nerve cell line (HT22 cell) was then grown in BV2 conditioned medium, and miR-146a overexpression and silencing cell lines were constructed. CCK8 and clone formation test were utilized to evaluate the proliferation ability of the transfected cells, and the level of inflammatory factors was measured by ELISA. Apoptosis was determined extensively by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-related protein and TRAF6 protein expressions were verified by Western blot. TRAF6 was identified to be the target gene of miR-146a based on double Luciferase Report. Finally, both TRAF6 and miR-146a were used to treat HT22 cells and the above indexes were detected repeatedly.

RESULTS

Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 expressions in BV2 cells increased significantly. miR-146a overexpression distinctly increased the cell proliferation ability and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression ((Bcl-2, p < 0.05); meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of cells, apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 associated X and cleaved caspase-3), and TRAF6 gene and protein expressions were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, these above results were reversed for miR-146a silence. There is a targeting relationship between miR-146a and TRAF6. Silencing TRAF6 gene can promote HT22 cells' proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. The effect of miR-146a on HT22 cells was reversed by adding TRAF6 mimics to miR-146a overexpression cells.

CONCLUSION

miR-146a can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons caused by microglia activation via targeting TRAF6 and down-regulating its expression.

[Vertical supraumbilical incision versus left lower oblique incision for specimen retrieval during laparoscopic rectal surgery]

Objective: To compared the short-term surgical outcomes of the vertical supraumbilical incision with the left lower oblique incision for specimen retrieval in laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria: (1) rectal cancer confirmed by colonoscopy and pathological examination; (2) undergoing the operation for the first time; (3) laparoscopic rectal surgery performed by the same surgeon team; (4) age of > 18 years and < 76 years old. According to above criteria, clinical data of 178 consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Renji Hospital between March 2015 and December 2017 were collected. Based on incision site of the mini-laparotomy, patients were classified to the vertical supraumbilical incision group (n=75) and the left lower oblique incision group (n=103). There were no significant differences in baseline data, such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tumor diameter, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, score of American Society of Anesthesiologists, TNM stage, between the two groups (all P>0.05). Perioperative variables and follow-up data were compared between two groups. Results: Between the vertical supraumbilical incision group and the left lower oblique incision group, the operation time [(131.7±3.7) minutes vs. (138.5±3.5) minutes], operative bleeding volume [(138.9±11.5) ml vs. (154.3±10.3) ml], length of auxiliary incision [(4.0±0.1) cm vs. (4.0±0.1) cm], and distance from anastomosis to dentate line [(3.8±0.1) cm vs. (4.2±0.1) cm] were not significantly different (all P>0.05). As compared to the left lower oblique incision group, patients in vertical supraumbilical incision group had earlier flatus [(62.7±2.3) hours vs. (69.2±1.7) hours, t=2.282, P=0.023], earlier ambulation [(41.9±1.8) hours vs. (46.78±1.42) hours, t=2.131, P=0.032], lower pain VAS scores at postoperative 24 hours (2.0±0.1 vs. 2.4±0.1, t=2.172, P=0.032) and 48 hours (2.7±0.1 vs. 3.0±0.1, P<0.05), and lower incidence of postoperative incisional hernia [6.7% (5/75) vs. 9.7% (10/103), χ(2)=3.942, P=0.042]. However, the postoperative fluids intake time, hospitalization days, pain VAS scores at postoperative 12 hours and postoperative complications (wound infection, anastomotic leakage, urinary retention, intestinal obstruction) were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The vertical supraumbilical incision in laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer can reduce the degree of postoperative pain, facilitate early recovery of intestinal function and decrease the incidence of incisional hernia.

[Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Renji hospital]

Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that NCP can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, now it is a difficult task that with the premise of how to maximize the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, we can provide the highest quality medical services to ensure the orderly development of previous clinical work. Referring to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for NCP (Trial Version 4 and 5)" and combining the actual practice situation in our hospital with the "Summary of New Coronavirus Files of Shanghai Renji Hospital", we summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the NCP epidemiology, meanwhile under such situation aiming the procedure of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, we share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of NCP to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed NCP, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed NCP should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under-5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with NCP must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our "Renji experience" will be beneficial to colleagues.

[Countermeasures and treatment for aortic acute syndrome with novel coronavirus pneumonia]

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has cost a great loss to the health and economic property of Chines people. Under such a special circumstance, how to deal with such patients with acute aortic syndrome has become a serious challenge. Rapid diagnosis of concomitant NCP, safe and effective transportation, implementation of the interventional procedure, protection of vascular surgical team and postoperative management and follow-up of such patients have become urgent problems for us. Combined with the latest novel government documents, the literature and the experiences from Wuhan, we answered the above questions briefly and plainly. It also hopes to inspire the national vascular surgeons to manage critical emergencies in vascular surgery and even routine vascular diseases with NCP, as a final point to limit the severe epidemic situation, and minimize the damage of NCP.

MiR-1269a acts as an onco-miRNA in non-small cell lung cancer via down-regulating SOX6

OBJECTIVE

Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains one of the leading death-causing malignant tumors worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to participate in the development and progression of NSCLC. However, the role of miR-1269a in NSCLC still needs to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of miR-1269a in NSCLC and its underlying mechanism.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to measure the expression level of miR-1269a in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. After transfection with miR-1269a mimics or inhibitors, the expression level of miR-1269a in NSCLC was up- or down-regulated. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry assay was applied to verify the cell cycle distributions of established cell lines. The potential target of miR-1269a was determined by using dual-luciferase and Western blot assays.

RESULTS

miR-1269a was significantly over-expressed in NSCLC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of miR-1269a was also up-regulated in NSCLC-derived cell lines. Up-regulation of miR-1269a improved the abilities of cell proliferation, colony formation, and induced cell cycle transition. Meanwhile, down-regulation of miR-1269a decreased the capacities of cell proliferation, colony formation, and arrested the cell cycle. It was further implicated that SOX6 was verified as a target of miR-1269a in NSCLC and over-expressed SOX6 could rescue the effect of miR-1269a up-regulation.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated that miR-1299a could function as an onco-miRNA in NSCLC and promote NSCLC growth via down-regulating the expression of SOX6.

Mutation Analysis of Pre-mRNA Splicing Genes PRPF31, PRPF8, and SNRNP200 in Chinese Families with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa

BACKGROUND

To screen variants in pre-mRNA Splicing genes in 95 Chinese autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) families.

METHODS

Clinical examination and pedigree analysis were performed. Targeted exome sequencing (TES) and / or Sanger sequencing were performed to detect the variants in genes of Splicing factors and conduct intra-familiar segregation analysis with DNA available. In silico analysis was performed to predict pathogenicity of variants in protein level and in vitro splicing assays were performed to compare splicing variants with their corresponding wildtype about their splicing effect.

RESULTS

In this study, total nine different variants were identified in PRPF31, SNRNP200, and PRPF8 respectively, including six PRPF31 variants [five novel variants 322+1G>A, c.527+2T>G, c.590T>C(p.Leu197Pro), c.1035_1036insGC (p.Pro346Argfs X18), and c.1224dupG (p.Gln409AlafsX66) plus one reported variant c.1060C>T (p.Arg354X)], a recurrent PRPF8 variant c.6930G>T (p.Arg2310Ser), two SNRNP200 variants [one heterozygous and homozygous SNRNP200 recurrent variant c.3260G>A (p.Ser1087Leu), and a reported heterozygous c.2042G>A(p.Arg681His)]. In family 20009, incomplete penetrance was observed. A novel PRPF31 missense variant c.590T>C (p.Leu197Pro) was predicted to be pathogenic in protein level via in silico analysis and in vitro splicing assay demonstrated that two novel splicing PRPF31 variants c.322+1G>A and c.527+2T>G affect splicing compared with the wildtype.

CONCLUSIONS

In our studies, RP-causing variants of pre-mRNA Splicing genes (PRPF31, PRPF8 and SNRNP200) were identified in nine of the ninety-five adRP families respectively, which extend the spectra of RP variant and phenotype. And we provide the first example that SNRNP200-related RP can be caused by both heterozygous and homozygous variants of this gene.

LITAF (Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor) Regulates Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channels by Modulating NEDD (Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Downregulated Protein) 4-1 Ubiquitin Ligase

BACKGROUND

The turnover of cardiac ion channels underlying action potential duration is regulated by ubiquitination. Genome-wide association studies of QT interval identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near genes involved in protein ubiquitination. A genetic variant upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor) gene prompted us to determine its role in modulating cardiac excitation.

METHODS

Optical mapping was performed in zebrafish hearts to determine Ca2+ transients. Live-cell confocal calcium imaging was performed on adult rabbit cardiomyocytes to determine intracellular Ca2+handling. L-type calcium channel (LTCC) current (ICa,L) was measured using whole-cell recording. To study the effect of LITAF on Cav1.2 (L-type voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2) channel expression, surface biotinylation, and Westerns were performed. LITAF interactions were studied using coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay.

RESULTS

LITAF knockdown in zebrafish resulted in a robust increase in calcium transients. Overexpressed LITAF in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes resulted in a decrease in ICa,L and Cavα1c abundance, whereas LITAF knockdown increased ICa,L and Cavα1c protein. LITAF-overexpressing decreases calcium transients in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes, which was associated with lower Cavα1c levels. In tsA201 cells, overexpressed LITAF downregulated total and surface pools of Cavα1c via increased Cavα1c ubiquitination and its subsequent lysosomal degradation. We observed colocalization between LITAF and LTCC in tsA201 and cardiomyocytes. In tsA201, NEDD (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein) 4-1, but not its catalytically inactive form NEDD4-1-C867A, increased Cavα1c ubiquitination. Cavα1c ubiquitination was further increased by coexpressed LITAF and NEDD4-1 but not NEDD4-1-C867A. NEDD4-1 knockdown abolished the negative effect of LITAF on ICa,L and Cavα1c levels in 3-week-old rabbit cardiomyocytes. Computer simulations demonstrated that a decrease of ICa,L current associated with LITAF overexpression simultaneously shortened action potential duration and decreased calcium transients in rabbit cardiomyocytes.

CONCLUSIONS

LITAF acts as an adaptor protein promoting NEDD4-1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of LTCC, thereby controlling LTCC membrane levels and function and thus cardiac excitation.

Transient Outward K+ Current (Ito) Underlies the Right Ventricular Initiation of Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Transgenic Rabbit Model of Long-QT Syndrome Type 1

BACKGROUND

Sudden death in long-QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1), an inherited disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in KCNQ1, is triggered by early afterdepolarizations (EADs) that initiate polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (pVT). We investigated ionic mechanisms that underlie pVT in LQT1 using a transgenic rabbit model of LQT1.

METHODS

Optical mapping, cellular patch clamping, and computer modeling were used to elucidate the mechanisms of EADs in transgenic LQT1 rabbits.

RESULTS

The results showed that shorter action potential duration in the right ventricle (RV) was associated with focal activity during pVT initiation. RV cardiomyocytes demonstrated higher incidence of EADs under 50 nmol/L isoproterenol. Voltage-clamp studies revealed that the transient outward potassium current (I_to) magnitude was 28% greater in RV associated with KChiP2 but with no differences in terms of calcium-cycling kinetics and other sarcolemmal currents. Perfusing with the I_to blocker 4-aminopyridine changed the initial focal sites of pVT from the RV to the left ventricle, corroborating the role of I_to in pVT initiation. Computer modeling showed that EADs occur preferentially in the RV because of the larger conductance of the slow-inactivating component of I_to, which repolarizes the membrane potential sufficiently rapidly to allow reactivation of I_Ca,L before I_Kr has had sufficient time to activate.

CONCLUSIONS

I_to heterogeneity creates both triggers and an arrhythmogenic substrate in LQT1. In the absence of I_Ks, I_to interactions with I_Ca,L and I_Kr promote EADs in the RV while prolonging action potential duration in the left ventricle. This heterogeneity of action potential enhances dispersion of refractoriness and facilitates conduction blocks that initiate pVTs.

NCX-Mediated Subcellular Ca2+ Dynamics Underlying Early Afterdepolarizations in LQT2 Cardiomyocytes

Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is a congenital disease characterized by loss of function mutations in hERG potassium channels (I_Kr). LQT2 is associated with fatal ventricular arrhythmias promoted by triggered activity in the form of early afterdepolarizations (EADs). We previously demonstrated that intracellular Ca²⁺ handling is remodeled in LQT2 myocytes. Remodeling leads to aberrant late RyR-mediated Ca²⁺ releases that drive forward-mode Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) current and slow repolarization to promote reopening of L-type calcium channels and EADs. Forward-mode NCX was found to be enhanced despite the fact that these late releases do not significantly alter the whole-cell cytosolic calcium concentration during a vulnerable period of phase 2 of the action potential corresponding to the onset of EADs. Here, we use a multiscale ventricular myocyte model to explain this finding. We show that because the local NCX current is a saturating nonlinear function of the local submembrane calcium concentration, a larger number of smaller-amplitude discrete Ca²⁺ release events can produce a large increase in whole-cell forward-mode NCX current without increasing significantly the whole-cell cytosolic calcium concentration. Furthermore, we develop novel insights, to our knowledge, into how alterations of stochastic RyR activity at the single-channel level cause late aberrant Ca²⁺ release events. Experimental measurements in transgenic LTQ2 rabbits confirm the critical arrhythmogenic role of NCX and identify this current as a potential target for antiarrhythmic therapies in LQT2.