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Cárdenas G, Chávez-Canales M, Espinosa AM, Jordán-Ríos A, Malagon DA, Murillo MFM, Araujo LVT, Campos RLB, Wong-Chew RM, González LER, Cresencio KI, Velázquez EG, de la Cerda MR, Leyva Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Hernández-Medel ML, León-Hernández M, Quero KM, Monciváis AS, Sarmiento EB, Reynoso RIA, Reyes DM, Del Río Ambriz LR, Hernández JSG, Cruz J, Ferrer SIV, Huerta L, Fierro NA, Hernández M, Pérez-Tapia M, Meneses G, Rosas G, Hernández-Aceves JA, Cervantes-Torres J, Valdez RA, Rodríguez AF, Espíndola-Arriaga E, Ortiz M, Salazar EA, Barba CC, Besedovsky H, Romano MC, Jung H, Bobes RJ, Soldevila G, López-Alvarenga JC, Fragoso G, Laclette JP, Sciutto E. Intranasal Versus Intravenous Dexamethasone to Treat Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102960. [PMID: 38290199 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV2 induces flu-like symptoms that can rapidly progress to severe acute lung injury and even death. The virus also invades the central nervous system (CNS), causing neuroinflammation and death from central failure. Intravenous (IV) or oral dexamethasone (DXM) reduced 28 d mortality in patients who required supplemental oxygen compared to those who received conventional care alone. Through these routes, DMX fails to reach therapeutic levels in the CNS. In contrast, the intranasal (IN) route produces therapeutic levels of DXM in the CNS, even at low doses, with similar systemic bioavailability. AIMS To compare IN vs. IV DXM treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS A controlled, multicenter, open-label trial. Patients with COVID-19 (69) were randomly assigned to receive IN-DXM (0.12 mg/kg for three days, followed by 0.6 mg/kg for up to seven days) or IV-DXM (6 mg/d for 10 d). The primary outcome was clinical improvement, as defined by the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) ordinal scale. The secondary outcome was death at 28 d between IV and IN patients. Effects of both treatments on biochemical and immunoinflammatory profiles were also recorded. RESULTS Initially, no significant differences in clinical severity, biometrics, and immunoinflammatory parameters were found between both groups. The NEWS-2 score was reduced, in 23 IN-DXM treated patients, with no significant variations in the 46 IV-DXM treated ones. Ten IV-DXM-treated patients and only one IN-DXM patient died. CONCLUSIONS IN-DMX reduced NEWS-2 and mortality more efficiently than IV-DXM, suggesting that IN is a more efficient route of DXM administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Cárdenas
- Neurology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Research Unit Universidad Autónoma de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Espinosa
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Anica Malagon
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoana Leyva
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joselin Hernández-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mireya León-Hernández
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Medina Quero
- Hospital Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jocelyn Cruz
- Neurology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Iván Valdés Ferrer
- Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Huerta
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nora Alma Fierro
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Bioprocess Development and Research Unit, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Meneses
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Alberto Hernández-Aceves
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Valdez
- Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anai Fuentes Rodríguez
- National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Erick Espíndola-Arriaga
- National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Mauricio Ortiz
- National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Evelyn Alvarez Salazar
- National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Carlos Castellanos Barba
- National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Hugo Besedovsky
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marta C Romano
- Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helgi Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; National Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Gladis Fragoso
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Inmunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Garibay-Nieto N, Pedraza-Escudero K, Omaña-Guzmán I, Garcés-Hernández MJ, Villanueva-Ortega E, Flores-Torres M, Pérez-Hernández JL, León-Hernández M, Laresgoiti-Servitje E, Palacios-González B, López-Alvarenga JC, Lisker-Melman M, Vadillo-Ortega F. Metabolomic Phenotype of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mexican Children Living with Obesity. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1785. [PMID: 37893503 PMCID: PMC10608521 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease or MASLD is the main cause of chronic liver diseases in children, and it is estimated to affect 35% of children living with obesity. This study aimed to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with two advanced stages of MASLD (hepatic steatosis and hepatic steatosis plus fibrosis) in Mexican children with obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis derived from a randomized clinical trial conducted in children and adolescents with obesity aged 8 to 16 years. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured, and targeted metabolomic analyses were carried out using mass spectrometry. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were estimated using transient elastography (Fibroscan® Echosens, Paris, France). Three groups were studied: a non-MASLD group, an MASLD group, and a group for MASLD + fibrosis. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to identify the discrimination between the study groups and to visualize the differences between their heatmaps; also, Variable Importance Projection (VIP) plots were graphed. A VIP score of >1.5 was considered to establish the importance of metabolites and biochemical parameters that characterized each group. Logistic regression models were constructed considering VIP scores of >1.5, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were estimated to evaluate different combinations of variables. Results: The metabolic MASLD phenotype was associated with increased concentrations of ALT and decreased arginine, glycine, and acylcarnitine (AC) AC5:1, while MASLD + fibrosis, an advanced stage of MASLD, was associated with a phenotype characterized by increased concentrations of ALT, proline, and alanine and a decreased Matsuda Index. Conclusions: The metabolic MASLD phenotype changes as this metabolic dysfunction progresses. Understanding metabolic disturbances in MASLD would allow for early identification and the development of intervention strategies focused on limiting the progression of liver damage in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayely Garibay-Nieto
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.G.-N.); (K.P.-E.); (I.O.-G.); (M.J.G.-H.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Karen Pedraza-Escudero
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.G.-N.); (K.P.-E.); (I.O.-G.); (M.J.G.-H.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.G.-N.); (K.P.-E.); (I.O.-G.); (M.J.G.-H.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - María José Garcés-Hernández
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.G.-N.); (K.P.-E.); (I.O.-G.); (M.J.G.-H.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Eréndira Villanueva-Ortega
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.G.-N.); (K.P.-E.); (I.O.-G.); (M.J.G.-H.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Mariana Flores-Torres
- Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Pérez-Hernández
- Hepatology Clinic, Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable, Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga
- Department of Population Health & Biostatistics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Mauricio Lisker-Melman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
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Méndez-García LA, Bueno-Hernández N, Cid-Soto MA, De León KL, Mendoza-Martínez VM, Espinosa-Flores AJ, Carrero-Aguirre M, Esquivel-Velázquez M, León-Hernández M, Viurcos-Sanabria R, Ruíz-Barranco A, Cota-Arce JM, Álvarez-Lee A, De León-Nava MA, Meléndez G, Escobedo G. Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020434. [PMID: 35208888 PMCID: PMC8880058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, as a control (n = 20), or 48 mg sucralose (n = 20), every day for ten weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure serum glucose and insulin every 15 min for 3 h and provided fecal samples to assess gut microbiota using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sucralose intake altered the abundance of Firmicutes without affecting Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes. Two-way ANOVA revealed that volunteers drinking sucralose for ten weeks showed a 3-fold increase in Blautia coccoides and a 0.66-fold decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus compared to the controls. Sucralose consumption increased serum insulin and the area under the glucose curve compared to water. Long-term sucralose ingestion induces gut dysbiosis associated with altered insulin and glucose levels during an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Miguel A. Cid-Soto
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Karen L. De León
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Viridiana M. Mendoza-Martínez
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Aranza J. Espinosa-Flores
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Miguel Carrero-Aguirre
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Mireya León-Hernández
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Metabolomics, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (K.L.D.L.); (V.M.M.-M.); (A.J.E.-F.); (M.C.-A.); (M.E.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.V.-S.)
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Julián M. Cota-Arce
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.); (M.A.D.L.-N.)
| | - Angélica Álvarez-Lee
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.); (M.A.D.L.-N.)
| | - Marco A. De León-Nava
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico; (J.M.C.-A.); (A.Á.-L.); (M.A.D.L.-N.)
| | - Guillermo Meléndez
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.E.); Tel.: +52-552-789-2000 (ext. 5646) (G.E.)
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.E.); Tel.: +52-552-789-2000 (ext. 5646) (G.E.)
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Cárdenas G, Chávez-Canales M, Espinosa AM, Jordán-Ríos A, Malagon DA, Murillo MFM, Araujo LVT, Campos RLB, Wong-Chew RM, González LER, Cresencio KI, Velázquez EG, de la Cerda MR, Leyva Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Hernández-Medel ML, León-Hernández M, Quero KM, Monciváis AS, Díaz SH, Martínez IRZ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Salazar INM, Sarmiento EB, Peña AF, Hernández PS, Reynoso RIA, Reyes DM, del Río Ambriz LR, Bonilla RAA, Cruz J, Huerta L, Fierro NA, Hernández M, Pérez-Tapia M, Meneses G, Espíndola-Arriaga E, Rosas G, Chinney A, Mendoza SR, Hernández-Aceves JA, Cervantes-Torres J, Rodríguez AF, Alor RO, Francisco SO, Salazar EA, Besedovsky H, Romano MC, Bobes RJ, Jung H, Soldevila G, López-Alvarenga J, Fragoso G, Laclette JP, Sciutto E. Intranasal dexamethasone: a new clinical trial for the control of inflammation and neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Trials 2022; 23:148. [PMID: 35164840 PMCID: PMC8845269 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By end December of 2021, COVID-19 has infected around 276 million individuals and caused over 5 million deaths worldwide. Infection results in dysregulated systemic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and critical illness. Cells of the central nervous system are also affected, triggering an uncontrolled neuroinflammatory response. Low doses of glucocorticoids, administered orally or intravenously, reduce mortality among moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. However, low doses administered by these routes do not reach therapeutic levels in the CNS. In contrast, intranasally administered dexamethasone can result in therapeutic doses in the CNS even at low doses. Methods This is an approved open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administered in low doses to moderate and severe COVID-19 adult patients. The protocol is conducted in five health institutions in Mexico City. A total of 120 patients will be randomized into two groups (intravenous vs. intranasal) at a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will be treated with the corresponding dexamethasone scheme for 10 days. The primary outcome of the study will be clinical improvement, defined as a statistically significant reduction in the NEWS-2 score of patients with intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administration. The secondary outcome will be the reduction in mortality during hospitalization. Conclusions This protocol is currently in progress to improve the efficacy of the standard therapeutic dexamethasone regimen for moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04513184. Registered November 12, 2020. Approved by La Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS) with identification number DI/20/407/04/36. People are currently being recruited. Graphical abstract ![]()
REVIVAL is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study to compare the standard low doses of intravenous dexamethasone with weight-adjusted low doses of intranasal dexamethasone. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the respiratory tract more effectively than intravenous administration. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the central nervous system in therapeutic concentrations, even at low doses. REVIVAL aims to reduce central failures and sequelae by controlling not only systemic inflammation but also neuroinflammation.
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Bueno-Hernández N, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Alcántara-Suárez R, Gómez-Arauz AY, Espinosa-Flores AJ, de León-Barrera KL, Mendoza-Martínez VM, Sánchez Medina GA, León-Hernández M, Ruiz-Barranco A, Escobedo G, Meléndez G. Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Nutr J 2020; 19:32. [PMID: 32284053 PMCID: PMC7155288 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35 years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48 mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96 mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15 min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15 min during both OGTTs. RESULTS Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10 weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0 min (7.5 ± 3.4 vs 8.8 ± 4.1 μIU/mL; p = 0.01), 30 min (91.3 ± 56.2 vs 110.1 ± 49.4 μIU/mL; p = 0.05), 105 min (47.7 ± 24.4 vs 64.3 ± 48.2 μIU/mL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (44.8 ± 22.1 vs 63.1 ± 47.8 μIU/mL; p = 0.01) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at - 15 min (87.9 ± 4.6 vs 91.4 ± 5.4 mg/dL; p = 0.003), 0 min (88.7 ± 4 vs 91.3 ± 6 mg/dL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (95.2 ± 23.7 vs 106.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL; p = 0.009) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96 mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p = 0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p = 0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48 mg sucralose group (6.04 ± 3.19 vs 4.86 ± 2.13; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT03703141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Suárez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Nutrition Division, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Y Gómez-Arauz
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aranza J Espinosa-Flores
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen L de León-Barrera
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viridiana M Mendoza-Martínez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A Sánchez Medina
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya León-Hernández
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ruiz-Barranco
- Clinical Nutrition Division, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Meléndez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
- Clinic of Medical and Nutritional Trials (MENTRIALS), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Vadillo-Ortega F, Caballero AE, Ibarra-González I, Herrera-Rosas A, Serratos-Canales MF, León-Hernández M, González-Chávez A, Mummidi S, Duggirala R, López-Alvarenga JC. Correction: Family history and obesity in youth, their effect on acylcarnitine/aminoacids metabolomics and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Structural equation modeling approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198379. [PMID: 29795696 PMCID: PMC5967812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Vadillo-Ortega F, Caballero AE, Ibarra-González I, Herrera-Rosas A, Serratos-Canales MF, León-Hernández M, González-Chávez A, Mummidi S, Duggirala R, López-Alvarenga JC. Family history and obesity in youth, their effect on acylcarnitine/aminoacids metabolomics and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Structural equation modeling approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193138. [PMID: 29466466 PMCID: PMC5821462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural equation modeling (SEM) can help understanding complex functional relationships among obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), family history of obesity, targeted metabolomics and pro-inflammatory markers. We tested two hypotheses: 1) If obesity precedes an excess of free fatty acids that increase oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, there would be an increase of serum acylcarnitines, amino acids and cytokines in obese subjects. Acylcarnitines would be related to non-alcoholic fatty disease that will induce insulin resistance. 2) If a positive family history of obesity and type 2 diabetes are the major determinants of the metabolomic profile, there would be higher concentration of amino acids and acylcarnitines in patients with this background that will induce obesity and NAFLD which in turn will induce insulin resistance. METHODS/RESULTS 137 normoglycemic subjects, mean age (SD) of 30.61 (8.6) years divided in three groups: BMI<25 with absence of NAFLD (G1), n = 82; BMI>30 with absence of NAFLD (G2), n = 24; and BMI>30 with NAFLD (G3), n = 31. Family history of obesity (any) was present in 53%. Both models were adjusted in SEM. Family history of obesity predicted obesity but could not predict acylcarnitines and amino acid concentrations (effect size <0.2), but did predict obesity phenotype. CONCLUSION Family history of obesity is the major predictor of obesity, and the metabolic abnormalities on amino acids, acylcarnitines, inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Vinculation Unit Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
- Research department, Universidad Mexico Americana del Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Reding-Bernal A, Sánchez-Pedraza V, Moreno-Macías H, Sobrino-Cossio S, Tejero-Barrera ME, Burguete-García AI, León-Hernández M, Serratos-Canales MF, Duggirala R, López-Alvarenga JC. Heritability and genetic correlation between GERD symptoms severity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation markers in families living in Mexico City. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178815. [PMID: 28582452 PMCID: PMC5459455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (ρG) between GERD symptoms severity, metabolic syndrome components, and inflammation markers in Mexican families. Methods Cross-sectional study which included 32 extended families resident in Mexico City. GERD symptoms severity was assessed by the ReQuest in Practice questionnaire. Heritability and genetic correlation were determined using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines software. Results 585 subjects were included, the mean age was 42 (±16.7) years, 57% were women. The heritability of the severity of some GERD symptoms was h2 = 0.27, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.34 (p-value <1.0x10-5) for acidity complaints, lower abdominal complaints, sleep disturbances, and total ReQuest score, respectively. Heritability of metabolic syndrome components ranged from 0.40 for fasting plasma glucose to 0.61 for body mass index and diabetes mellitus. The heritability for fibrinogen and C-reactive protein was 0.64 and 0.38, respectively. Statistically significant genetic correlations were found between acidity complaints and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.40); sleep disturbances and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.36); acidity complaints and diabetes mellitus (ρG = 0.49) and between total ReQuest score and fasting plasma glucose (ρG = 0.43). The rest of metabolic syndrome components did not correlate with GERD symptoms. Conclusion Genetic factors substantially explain the phenotypic variance of the severity of some GERD symptoms, metabolic syndrome components and inflammation markers. Observed genetic correlations suggest that these phenotypes share common genes. These findings suggest conducting further investigation, as the determination of a linkage analysis in order to identify regions of susceptibility for developing of GERD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Reding-Bernal
- Research Division, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (ARB); (JCLA)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mireya León-Hernández
- Research Division, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ARB); (JCLA)
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