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Margherita M, Gianmarco A, Anna M, Roberto F, Serena F, Milena P, Isabella T, Fabio M, Andrea B. Using ethanol as postharvest treatment to increase polyphenols and anthocyanins in wine grape. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26067. [PMID: 38370263 PMCID: PMC10869903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Red wine grapes are qualitatively evaluated for their content in polyphenols and anthocyanins. Due to certain conditions (weather, latitude, temperature), the concentration of these compounds may be not at the right level for reaching a high-quality wine, thus postharvest technologies can be operated as a remediation strategy. Ethanol is a secondary volatile metabolite and its application has been demonstrated to delay fruit ripening, to reduce decay, and to increase secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effects of ethanol post-harvest application on wine grapes' metabolism and composition. Red wine grapes (Vitis Vinifera L. cv Aglianico) were exposed to different ethanol doses (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mL L-1) for 12, 24, or 36 h. Ethanol increased sugar concentration, malic acid, free amino nitrogen, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. Particularly, anthocyanins reached an average value of 1820 mg/L in treated samples versus the 1200 mg/L of control grapes already after 12 h whatever the concentration was. Moreover, the highest concentration of ethanol modified berry metabolism shifting from aerobic to anaerobic one. Obtained results suggest that 12 h of ethanol postharvest treatment could be an interesting solution to improve anthocyanins in wine grapes, especially when the quality is not as good as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesti Margherita
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alfieri Gianmarco
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Magri Anna
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops (CREA-OFA), Caserta, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Forniti Roberto
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ferri Serena
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Petriccione Milena
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops (CREA-OFA), Caserta, Italy
| | - Taglieri Isabella
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mencarelli Fabio
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bellincontro Andrea
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Rivolta S, Letzgus M, De Nard F, Gaiazzi M, Principi N, Margherita M, Florio EM, Gervasi F, Castaldi S. Vaccination and immunization status among healthcare students: results from the SAVES survey. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adequate vaccination coverage among healthcare workers, including students in healthcare professions (SHPs), is crucial in order to prevent spreading of infections within healthcare facilities. However, vaccination coverage among SHPs is often inadequate. We aimed to describe the vaccination/immunization status of SHPs of the University of Milan.
Methods
We spread an e-survey to the academic e-mail addresses of postgraduate medical residents and to first- and last-year undergraduate SHPs. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic data (age, sex, education, municipality of residence, internship in high-risk wards) and the reported vaccination/immunization status for Influenza (previous flu season), Varicella, MPR and DTaP vaccines.
Results
Among 5743 invited SHPs, 884 participated in the survey. The study sample comprised 462 medical residents and 422 undergraduate SHPs (medicine 176, nursery 186, midwifery 4, healthcare assistance 32, prevention techniques 24). Median age was 27 years (IQR 7); 68.4% participants were female; 91.3% had attended high school in a lyceum, while others in a professional (2.9%) or technical (5.8%) institute; 36.7% lived in municipalities of < 20.000 inhabitants, while 26.1% of > 250.000. Traineeships took place in high-risk wards for 46% of participants. Reported vaccination coverage for Influenza was 33,7% (with higher coverage for pediatric nursing and midwifery students, medicine students and medical residents). Participants reported immunity (either vaccine or natural immunity) to Varicella in 93,3% cases. Declared vaccination coverage for Hepatitis B was 94,1%; 91,7% participants reportedly completed the MPR schedule, 76,2% the recommended DTaP booster.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccination coverage was suboptimal in our sample of SHPs, suggesting the need of specific educational programs and targeted vaccination campaigns, which may help shaping a positive vaccination attitude for future healthcare professionals.
Key messages
Immunization status for VPDs is suboptimal among Italian students in healthcare professions. The monitoring of the immunization status should include healthcare students actively involved in healthcare activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rivolta
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Letzgus
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F De Nard
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Gaiazzi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Principi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Margherita
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E M Florio
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Gervasi
- Epidemiology Unit, Agency for Health Protection of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Quality Unity, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, Milan, Italy
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