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Margherita M, Gianmarco A, Anna M, Roberto F, Serena F, Milena P, Isabella T, Fabio M, Andrea B. Using ethanol as postharvest treatment to increase polyphenols and anthocyanins in wine grape. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26067. [PMID: 38370263 PMCID: PMC10869903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Red wine grapes are qualitatively evaluated for their content in polyphenols and anthocyanins. Due to certain conditions (weather, latitude, temperature), the concentration of these compounds may be not at the right level for reaching a high-quality wine, thus postharvest technologies can be operated as a remediation strategy. Ethanol is a secondary volatile metabolite and its application has been demonstrated to delay fruit ripening, to reduce decay, and to increase secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effects of ethanol post-harvest application on wine grapes' metabolism and composition. Red wine grapes (Vitis Vinifera L. cv Aglianico) were exposed to different ethanol doses (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mL L-1) for 12, 24, or 36 h. Ethanol increased sugar concentration, malic acid, free amino nitrogen, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. Particularly, anthocyanins reached an average value of 1820 mg/L in treated samples versus the 1200 mg/L of control grapes already after 12 h whatever the concentration was. Moreover, the highest concentration of ethanol modified berry metabolism shifting from aerobic to anaerobic one. Obtained results suggest that 12 h of ethanol postharvest treatment could be an interesting solution to improve anthocyanins in wine grapes, especially when the quality is not as good as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesti Margherita
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alfieri Gianmarco
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Magri Anna
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops (CREA-OFA), Caserta, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Forniti Roberto
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ferri Serena
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Petriccione Milena
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops (CREA-OFA), Caserta, Italy
| | - Taglieri Isabella
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mencarelli Fabio
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bellincontro Andrea
- Department for Innovation of Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Abstract
The arsenical resistance operon of the IncN plasmid R46 consists of 4696 bp and starts with predicted transcriptional control and initiation signals, followed by five genes, arsD, arsA, and arsC. The corresponding Escherichia coli chromosomal ars operon and two staphylococcal ars operons lack arsA and arsD genes. The R46 system contains only the second known versions of arsA and arsD, after those of plasmid R773. Western blot analysis identified the R46 proteins using antibodies against R773 ArsA, ArsD and ArsR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Bruhn
- Biotechnologies Department, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls 83415-2203, USA
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Bassi G, Zaffarana VG, Roberto F, Braito W. Arthroscopic arthrolysis of intra-articular knee stiffness. Chir Organi Mov 1992; 77:271-4. [PMID: 1424960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors report 15 cases of intra-articular knee stiffness treated by arthroscopic arthrolysis with or without section of the alar ligaments. The advantages to using this type of treatment as compared to mobilization in narcosis or arthrotomic arthrolysis are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bassi
- Divisione di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
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Bassi G, Berlanda P, Pellegrino M, Roberto F. A rare case of primary lymphoma of bone of cervical localization. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1990; 16:405-9. [PMID: 2099923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A rare case of primary lymphoma of bone localized in the epistropheus is reported. After emphasizing the difficulty of diagnosis based solely on clinical, radiographic and laboratory data, the authors stress that biopsy is essential to diagnosis. The excellent clinical result, followed up after 5 years, was obtained with surgical excision followed by antiblastic treatment with repeated cycles of VBD, and local and regional lymph node radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bassi
- Divisione di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, P.S.T., I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia
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Macdonald EM, Powell GK, Regier DA, Glass NL, Roberto F, Kosuge T, Morris RO. Secretion of Zeatin, Ribosylzeatin, and Ribosyl-1'' -Methylzeatin by Pseudomonas savastanoi: Plasmid-Coded Cytokinin Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 1986; 82:742-7. [PMID: 16665104 PMCID: PMC1056201 DOI: 10.1104/pp.82.3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin production by strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv savastanoi was measured by immunoaffinity chromatography of the culture medium on immobilized anti-cytokinin antibodies, followed by high performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry. P. savastanoi strain PB213-2 secretes zeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter) and ribosylzeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter). Even higher levels of zeatin (400 nanograms per milliliter) are produced by the olive-specific strain EW1006, which also produces 180 nanograms per milliliter of the recently identified cytokinin, ribosyl-1'' -methylzeatin. The amounts secreted were approximately 1000 times greater than those secreted by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (DA Regier, RO Morris 1982 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 104: 1560-1566). Examination of cytokinin production by plasmid deletion mutants of PB213-2 and EW1006 indicated that cytokinin biosynthesis was specified, at least in part, by plasmid-borne genes. A fragment of the 105 kilobase pair plasmid from EW1006 was cloned into Escherichia coli where its expression resulted in dimethylallyl transferase activity and the secretion of zeatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Macdonald
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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