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Liu YA, Mesentier-Louro LA, Shariati MA, Moss HE, Beres SJ, Liao YJ. High Altitude as a Risk Factor for the Development of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:69-75. [PMID: 36166787 PMCID: PMC10870828 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic high-altitude exposure leads to optic disc edema and retinopathy. It is uncertain whether high-altitude exposure is a risk factor for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS We performed a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional case study of 5 patients with high-altitude-associated NAION (HA-NAION) from April 2014 to April 2019. Main study parameters included known vascular risk factors for NAION, evolution of visual acuity, visual field, optic disc, and macula measurements. RESULTS We studied 5 eyes of 5 patients with HA-NAION that occurred at 7,000-9,000 ft above sea level, 28 patients with classic NAION that developed at sea level (normal altitude NAION or NA-NAION), and 40 controls. All 5 patients with HA-NAION had clinically confirmed NAION by a neuro-ophthalmologist within 3-21 days of onset and comprehensive follow-up evaluations (average follow-up of 23 months). Other than high-altitude exposure, 4 of 5 patients had undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, apnea-hypopnea index 5.4-22.2) and 1 had systemic vascular risk factors. All patients had disc-at-risk in the contralateral eye. The best-corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 to 20/70 (median logMAR 0) at presentation and 20/70 to counting finger (median logMAR 0) at ≥6 months. Automated static perimetry revealed average mean deviation of -18.6 dB at presentation and -22.1 dB at ≥6 months. The average retinal nerve fiber layer was 244 µm (80-348 µm) at onset and 59 µm (55-80 µm) at ≥6 months. The average ganglion cell complex thickness was 50 µm (43-54 µm) at onset and 52 µm (50-55 µm) at ≥6 months. The patients with OSA were started on home continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Visual outcomes were similar in patients with HA-NAION and NA-NAION. - After addressing all NAION risk factors, no new events occurred in the HA-NAION group within 2-8 years with or without repeat high-altitude exposure. CONCLUSIONS NAION can occur under high-altitude conditions. HA-NAION is associated with relatively younger age at onset, disc-at-risk, and OSA. These patients exhibit a relatively progressive course of vision loss after initial onset and severe thinning of optic nerves on optical coherence tomography. Treatment for OSA is recommended, especially with repeated high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin A Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology (YAL, LAM-L, MAS, HEM, SJB, YJL), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Departments of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery (YAL), University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California; and Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences (HEM, SJB, YJL), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Tamargo SB, Bui Thanh T, Pérez M, Otero O, Oliva HR, Falero G, Pérez JL, Cedré MB, Okuskhanova E, Thiruvengadam M, Shariati MA, Sierra GVG. Nanocochleates containing N-Octylglicoside extracted Vibrio cholerae antigens elicited high vibriocidal antibodies titers after intragastric immunization in a mice model. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104902. [PMID: 33930421 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological detergents are used in research laboratories, to extract or solubilize proteins from cell membranes. In order to evaluate the ability to extract antigens from the bacterial cell surface of the wild Vibrio cholerae strain C7258 and study their immunogenic potential by forming proteoliposomes and cochleate and preserving their immunogenicity, the non-ionic detergent, n-Octylglucoside (n-OG), and the Zwitterionic detergent (3-cholamidopropyl dimethylammonio 1-propanesulfonate; CHAPS) were tested in concentrations between 5 and 15%. The anionic detergent sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was used as a reference. Electrophoretic, immunochemical and electron microscopy techniques have characterized the extracts and their chromatographic fractions. With CHAPS and n-OG detergents in concentrations between 5 and 15%, a higher yield was obtained in the extraction of proteins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other components from the bacterial surface compared to 10% DOC. When using 10% DOC, 15% CHAPS and n-OG between 5 and 15%, stable proteoliposomes were formed, of average size between 82 and 93 nm in diameter, with known proportions of proteins, LPS and other components. In some of the concentrations, liposomes were formed with almost pure proteins. Some cholera outer membrane proteins like the 17 kDa protein, which corresponds to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA), which mediates the adhesion to the brush border of the small intestine and the outer membrane protein U (OMPU) were identified with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and purified. The fundamental components of liposomes, proteins and LPS, retained their molecular weights, when compared with known standards and by processing programs of electrophoretic profiles and their antigenicity, without alterations due to the extraction procedure, as could be verified by immune identification techniques with monoclonal antibodies in the case of LPS, significant antigens in this pathogen. The main purpose of the present work was to show that a new anticholera vaccine formulation based on cochleates, containing selected protein and LPS fraction extracted by detergents, is able to elicit protective high titers of bactericidal antibodies after intragastric immunization in the mice model. The objective was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Tamargo
- Latin American School of Medicine, Havana, Cuba; Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products, Ji'An, China
| | - T Bui Thanh
- Pharmacy and Foods Institute, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - M Pérez
- Pharmacy and Foods Institute, University of Havana, Cuba
| | - O Otero
- Finlay Institute for Vaccines, Havana City, Cuba
| | - H R Oliva
- Finlay Institute for Vaccines, Havana City, Cuba
| | - G Falero
- Finlay Institute for Vaccines, Havana City, Cuba
| | - J L Pérez
- Finlay Institute for Vaccines, Havana City, Cuba
| | - M B Cedré
- Finlay Institute for Vaccines, Havana City, Cuba
| | - E Okuskhanova
- Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, 071412, Kazakhstan
| | - M Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - M A Shariati
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University, Orel City, 302026, Russia; K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation; Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Kazakhstan
| | - G V G Sierra
- Group of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries of Cuba (BioCubaFarma), Havana, Cuba; Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products, Ji'An, China.
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Akram M, Riaz M, Noreen S, Shariati MA, Shaheen G, Akhter N, Parveen F, Akhtar N, Zafar S, Owais Ghauri A, Riaz Z, Khan FS, Kausar S, Zainab R. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for the management of scabies. Dermatol Ther 2019; 33:e13186. [PMID: 31830356 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei), a parasite mite which causes scabies disease resulting in serious public health concern. The long-term scabies disease can lead to complications such as septicemia, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, heart disease, and secondary infections. Timely treatment to the affected patients is required to control the disease and get rid of the causative agent. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can lead to serious consequences. The most common treatment strategy is the use of allopathic medicines which can immediately relieve the patient but have the drawback of side effects. The safe and cost-effective alternative treatment strategy is the use of medicinal plants which have beneficial therapeutic potential against variety of diseases due to the presence of many bioactive phytoconstituents with no or minimal side effects. For the present review, the published articles describing scabies disease and its phytotherapeutic modalities were searched through different data bases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect using the keywords like S. scabiei, prevalence of scabies disease, and phytotherapy of scabies. A large number of medicinal plants, such as Melaleuca alternifolia, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Rosmarinus officinalis, Capsicum annuum, Cinnamomum camphor, Solanum nigrum, and Eupatorium perfoliatum, have been reviewed for the promising future treatments of scabies. All the studied plants have many bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects against scabies and can be utilized for therapeutic purposes for this disease. This literature study has limitations because of the lack of sufficient data due to limited pre-clinical trials in this particular area. This review provides a baseline to explore the therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants against skin diseases. However, extensive studies are required to identify, authenticate, and characterize the bioactive compounds present in these plants which may lead to value addition in pharmaceutical industries providing the cost-effective way of treatment with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Noreen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- College of Conventional Medicine, Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Owais Ghauri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rayaz College of Eastern Medicine, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zerfishan Riaz
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad S Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Kausar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Lee GH, Stanford MP, Shariati MA, Ma JH, Liao YJ. Severe, Early Axonal Degeneration Following Experimental Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:7111-8. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ho JK, Stanford MP, Shariati MA, Dalal R, Liao YJ. Optical coherence tomography study of experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and histologic confirmation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:5981-8. [PMID: 23887804 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The optic nerve is part of the central nervous system, and interruption of this pathway due to ischemia typically results in optic atrophy and loss of retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we assessed in vivo retinal changes following murine anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared these anatomic measurements to that of histology. METHODS We induced ischemia at the optic disc via laser-activated photochemical thrombosis, performed serial SD-OCT and manual segmentation of the retinal layers to measure the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and total retinal thickness, and correlated these measurements with that of histology. RESULTS There was impaired perfusion and leakage at the optic disc on fluorescein angiography immediately after AION and severe swelling and distortion of the peripapillary retina on day-1. We used SD-OCT to quantify the changes in retinal thickness following experimental AION, which revealed significant thickening of the GCC on day-1 after ischemia followed by gradual thinning that plateaued by week-3. Thickness of the peripapillary sensory retina was also increased on day-1 and thinned chronically. This pattern of acute retinal swelling and chronic thinning on SD-OCT correlated well with changes seen in histology and corresponded to loss of retinal ganglion layer cells after ischemia. CONCLUSIONS This was a serial SD-OCT quantification of acute and chronic changes following experimental AION, which revealed changes in the GCC similar to that of human AION, but over a time frame of weeks rather than months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Abstract
In this paper we will present and explain coherently the two main algorithms which are currently used in commercial colour flow imaging systems, namely the frequency domain based autocorrelation algorithm and the time domain based cross correlation algorithm. The autocorrelation algorithm is a robust optimum mean frequency baseband estimator, for both high and low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Its main disadvantage is its aliasing problem. However the cross correlation algorithm does not suffer from this problem, and this has been one of the main reasons for its development. The mathematics behind these two algorithms and the general data processing steps used for their implementation will be also presented. The subject of clutter removal filtering will be discussed and valuable points will be made. A practical relevant approach on how to discriminate between wanted blood flow related estimates and unwanted false estimates due to noise will be presented. On the aliasing problem of the autocorrelation algorithm, a promising solution known as spatial tracking of estimated mean frequency does exist, which will be also introduced in detail. Towards the end of this paper other algorithms, which are currently the subject of research and have potential for development, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shariati
- University of Edinburgh, Department of Electrical Engineering, UK
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