1
|
Khan FS, Goher F, Paulsmeyer MN, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) sensors and MYC2 are crucial players during jasmonates-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:1025-1034. [PMID: 37422725 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolve stress-specific responses that sense changes in their external environmental conditions and develop various mechanisms for acclimatization and survival. Calcium (Ca2+ ) is an essential stress-sensing secondary messenger in plants. Ca2+ sensors, including calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calmodulins (CaMs), CaM-like proteins (CMLs), and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), are involved in jasmonates (JAs) signalling and biosynthesis. Moreover, JAs are phospholipid-derived phytohormones that control plant response to abiotic stresses. The JAs signalling pathway affects hormone-receptor gene transcription by binding to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. MYC2 acts as a master regulator of JAs signalling module assimilated through various genes. The Ca2+ sensor CML regulates MYC2 and is involved in a distinct mechanism mediating JAs signalling during abiotic stresses. This review highlights the pivotal role of the Ca2+ sensors in JAs biosynthesis and MYC2-mediated JAs signalling during abiotic stresses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F S Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Goher
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - M N Paulsmeyer
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C-G Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J-Z Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nadeem Z, Iqbal J, Kausar S, Gasmi Benahmed A, Noor S, Khan FS, Saleem I, Munir N, Riaz M, Akram M, Oladoye PO, Salim SA, Abed AA, Elbossaty WF, Gasmi A. Comparative Analysis of the Efficacies of the GeneXpert and Solid Culture Media Techniques in the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:2065-2072. [PMID: 37274882 PMCID: PMC10237581 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.359856.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the predominant infectious diseases causing significant deaths worldwide. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli (MTB) using culture media was officially recognized by World Health Organization. However, there is a significant limitation in the authenticity of evaluation for its effectiveness on clinically important attributes. GeneXpert detects the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) based on the detection of nucleic acid and is able to identify the resistance of both isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) drugs. In this technique, DNA amplification is done using the GeneXpert instrument in the suspected sample with a specific reagent cartridge. Although GeneXpert is a rapid technique compared to other diagnostic tools for MTB identification due to false-negative results, the culture media technique is still considered the gold standard in detecting M. tuberculosis. The current study was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacies of GeneXpert and the solid culture media technique in identifying MTB. Sputum samples of 250 (n=250) suspected tuberculosis (TB) patients were investigated using both diagnostic techniques. The results revealed that out of the 250 suspected patients, 30 (12%) samples were positive with the culture media technique, while only 17 (6.8%) samples showed positive results with GeneXpert. Culture tests and GeneXpert are not equally efficient in detecting M. tuberculosis. The current study's findings showed that the culture-based detection method for M. tuberculosis is more efficient and reliable than GeneXpert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Kausar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, Paris, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, BZ University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - F S Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - N Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - P O Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199
| | - S A Salim
- Al-Mussiab Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq
| | - A A Abed
- Al-Mussiab Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq
| | | | - A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain M, Liaqat I, Bukhari SM, Khan FS, Adalat R, Shafique MS, Azam SM, Ali A, Khalid M, Shahid Z, Iqbal MJ, Slahuddin, Ehsan A. The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247562. [PMID: 34495155 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- GC University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Liaqat
- GC University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukhari
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F S Khan
- University of Sialkot, Department of Biotechnology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - R Adalat
- University of Sialkot, Department of Biotechnology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - M Salman Shafique
- GC University, Department of Chemistry, Atomic Absorption Lab. and Functional Material Lab., Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Azam
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Khalid
- Government Emerson College Multan, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Z Shahid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Javed Iqbal
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Slahuddin
- Universityof Gujrat, Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - A Ehsan
- The University of Lahore, Department of Zoology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain M, Liaqat I, Ali NM, Arshad N, Hanif U, Sajjad S, Sardar AA, Awan UF, Khan FS, Slahuddin. Antibacterial and bacteriostatic potential of coelomic fluid and body paste of Pheretima posthuma (Vaillant, 1868) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) against ampicillin resistant clinical bacterial isolates. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247016. [PMID: 34495153 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheretima posthuma (Vaillant, 1868), a native earthworm of Pakistan and Southeast Asia, has wide utilization in vermicomposting and bioremediation process. In this study, P. posthuma coelomic fluid (PCF) and body paste (PBP) was evaluated as antibacterial agent against ampicillin (AMP) resistant five Gram positive and four Gram negative clinical isolates. The antibacterial effect of different doses (i.e. 25-100 µg/ml) of PCF and PBP along with AMP and azithromycin (AZM) (negative and positive controls, respectively) were observed through disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. All nine clinical isolates were noticed as AMP resistant and AZM sensitive. Antibacterial effects of PCF and PBP were dose dependent and zone of inhibitions (ZI) against all clinical isolates were between 23.4 ± 0.92 to 0 ± 00 mm. The sensitivity profile of PCF and PBP against clinical isolates was noticed as 44.44 and 55.56%, respectively. Both PCF and PBP showed bacteriostatic (BTS) action against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, K. pneumonia, N. gonorrhoeae. Moreover, the cumulative BTS potential of PCF and PBP against all isolates was 66.67 and 55.56%, respectively. The MICs of PCF and PBP were ranged from 50-200 µg/ml against selected isolates. The bacterial growth curves indicated that PCF and PBP inhibited the growth of all isolates at their specific MIC concentrations. However, PBP has better antibacterial potential compared to PCF against selected isolates. Therefore, it is concluded that both PCF and PBP of P. posthuma possess antibacterial and BTS potential against ampicillin resistant clinical isolates. This organism might be considered as a second choice of antibacterial agents and can further be utilized in pharmaceutical industries for novel drug manufacturing by prospecting bioactive potential agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Liaqat
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N M Ali
- GC University, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Arshad
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - U Hanif
- GC University, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Sajjad
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A A Sardar
- GC University, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - U F Awan
- GC University, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F S Khan
- University of Sialkot, Department of Biotechnology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Slahuddin
- University of Gujrat, Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan FS, Sugiyama M, Fujii K, Tver'yanovich YS, Nakano Y. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 using Germanium-Sulfide-Indium amorphous glass structures. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03513. [PMID: 32346624 PMCID: PMC7182728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The research in electrochemical reduction of CO2 is shifting towards the discovery of new and novel materials. This study shows a new class of material, that of Ge-S-In chalcogenide glass, to be active for reduction of CO2 in aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted with bulk and particle form of the material, yielding different product for each structural form. Faradaic efficiency of upto 15% was observed in bulk form for CO production while formic acid with up to 26.1 % faradaic efficiency was measured in powder form. Chalcogenide studies have focused primarily on the photoelectrochemical reduction however these results provide a strong merit for introducing metal in chalcogenide glass structures for electrochemical reduction of CO2. The activity for CO2 reduction and the change in product selectivity reflects that further efforts to improve the glass structures can be undertaken in order to increase the faradaic efficiency and selectivity of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F S Khan
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sugiyama
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Japan
| | | | - Y Nakano
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akram M, Riaz M, Noreen S, Shariati MA, Shaheen G, Akhter N, Parveen F, Akhtar N, Zafar S, Owais Ghauri A, Riaz Z, Khan FS, Kausar S, Zainab R. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for the management of scabies. Dermatol Ther 2019; 33:e13186. [PMID: 31830356 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei), a parasite mite which causes scabies disease resulting in serious public health concern. The long-term scabies disease can lead to complications such as septicemia, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, heart disease, and secondary infections. Timely treatment to the affected patients is required to control the disease and get rid of the causative agent. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can lead to serious consequences. The most common treatment strategy is the use of allopathic medicines which can immediately relieve the patient but have the drawback of side effects. The safe and cost-effective alternative treatment strategy is the use of medicinal plants which have beneficial therapeutic potential against variety of diseases due to the presence of many bioactive phytoconstituents with no or minimal side effects. For the present review, the published articles describing scabies disease and its phytotherapeutic modalities were searched through different data bases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect using the keywords like S. scabiei, prevalence of scabies disease, and phytotherapy of scabies. A large number of medicinal plants, such as Melaleuca alternifolia, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Rosmarinus officinalis, Capsicum annuum, Cinnamomum camphor, Solanum nigrum, and Eupatorium perfoliatum, have been reviewed for the promising future treatments of scabies. All the studied plants have many bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects against scabies and can be utilized for therapeutic purposes for this disease. This literature study has limitations because of the lack of sufficient data due to limited pre-clinical trials in this particular area. This review provides a baseline to explore the therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants against skin diseases. However, extensive studies are required to identify, authenticate, and characterize the bioactive compounds present in these plants which may lead to value addition in pharmaceutical industries providing the cost-effective way of treatment with minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Noreen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey branch), Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- College of Conventional Medicine, Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Owais Ghauri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rayaz College of Eastern Medicine, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zerfishan Riaz
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad S Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Kausar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Min Y, Lowy C, Islam S, Khan FS, Swaminathan R. Relationship between red cell membrane fatty acids and adipokines in individuals with varying insulin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:690-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siblings of children with cancer are at risk for reduced emotional support. The role of emotional social support in the psychological adjustment of siblings of paediatric cancer patients was examined, in the context of age and gender. METHODS The sample consisted of two groups of siblings of children being treated for cancer: siblings referred for behaviour problems (n = 47) and a comparison group of non-referred siblings (n = 25). Forty-two were female, and 30 were male. The mean age was 10.31 years (SD = 2.71). Siblings completed measures of depression, anxiety, behaviour, and emotional social support. One parent of each sibling completed measures of sibling's behaviour and anxiety. RESULTS Siblings who reported more social support endorsed significantly fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fewer behaviour problems, and their parents reported less anxiety and fewer behaviour problems than siblings who reported lower social support. Parents of referred siblings reported significantly more behaviour problems than parents of non-referred siblings. Referred adolescent females reported significantly higher depression scores and were perceived as more anxious than referred adolescent males and non-referred adolescent females. Non-referred younger siblings with high social support were perceived by their parents as having the fewest behaviour problems. CONCLUSIONS High level of social support appears to play a protective role in psychological adjustment of siblings of paediatric cancer patients, with age and gender as modifying factors. Although not all siblings develop behaviour or emotional problems, it is critical to identify those who do in order to intervene accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barrera
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim J, Kirchhoff F, Wilkins JW, Khan FS. Stability of Si-interstitial defects: from point to extended defects. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:503-506. [PMID: 11015949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Trends in the growth of extended interstitial defects are extracted from extensive tight-binding and ab inito local density approximation simulations. With an increasing number of interstitials, the stable defect shape evolves from compact to chainlike to rodlike. The rodlike 311 defect, formed from (011) interstitial chains, is stabilized as it grows, elongating in the chain direction. Accurate parametrization of the defect-formation energy on the number of interstitials and interstitial chains, together with the anisotropy of the interstitial capture radius, enables macroscopic defect-growth simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piñón JD, Mayreddy RR, Turner JD, Khan FS, Bonilla PJ, Weiss SR. Efficient autoproteolytic processing of the MHV-A59 3C-like proteinase from the flanking hydrophobic domains requires membranes. Virology 1997; 230:309-22. [PMID: 9143287 PMCID: PMC7130731 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1996] [Revised: 12/10/1996] [Accepted: 02/17/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The replicase gene of the coronavirus MHV-A59 encodes a serine-like proteinase similar to the 3C proteinases of picornaviruses. This proteinase domain is flanked on both sides by hydrophobic, potentially membrane-spanning, regions. Cell-free expression of a plasmid encoding only the 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) resulted in the synthesis of a 29-kDa protein that was specifically recognized by an antibody directed against the carboxy-terminal region of the proteinase. A protein of identical mobility was detected in MHV-A59-infected cell lysates. In vitro expression of a plasmid encoding the 3CLpro and portions of the two flanking hydrophobic regions resulted in inefficient processing of the 29-kDa protein. However, the efficiency of this processing event was enhanced by the addition of canine pancreatic microsomes to the translation reaction, or removal of one of the flanking hydrophobic domains. Proteolysis was inhibited in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or by mutagenesis of the catalytic cysteine residue of the proteinase, indicating that the 3CLpro is responsible for its autoproteolytic cleavage from the flanking domains. Microsomal membranes were unable to enhance the trans processing of a precursor containing the inactive proteinase domain and both hydrophobic regions by a recombinant 3CLpro expressed from Escherichia coli. Membrane association assays demonstrated that the 29-kDa 3CLpro was present in the soluble fraction of the reticulocyte lysates, while polypeptides containing the hydrophobic domains associated with the membrane pelletes. With the help of a viral epitope tag, we identified a 22-kDa membrane-associated polypeptide as the proteolytic product containing the amino-terminal hydrophobic domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Piñón
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6076, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim J, Yeh ML, Khan FS, Wilkins JW. Surface phonons of the Si(111)-7 x 7 reconstructed surface. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:14709-14718. [PMID: 9980808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Khan FS, Broughton JQ. Relaxation of icosahedral-cage silicon clusters via tight-binding molecular dynamics. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:11754-11761. [PMID: 9996947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.11754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
13
|
Lipavsk P, Khan FS, Wilkins JW. High-field transport in semiconductors. III. Wave-function renormalization. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:6665-6681. [PMID: 9998109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
14
|
Lipavsk P, Khan FS, Kalvová A, Wilkins JW. High-field transport in semiconductors. II. Collision duration time. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:6650-6664. [PMID: 9998108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.6650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
15
|
Lipavsk P, Khan FS, Abdolsalami F, Wilkins JW. High-field transport in semiconductors. I. Absence of the intra-collisional-field effect. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:4885-4896. [PMID: 9997861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.4885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
16
|
Abdolsalami F, Khan FS. Intracollisional field effect in the high-field regime of the quantum transport equation using Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:3494-3503. [PMID: 9994144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
17
|
Khan FS, Broughton JQ. Simulation of silicon clusters and surfaces via tight-binding molecular dynamics. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:3688-3700. [PMID: 9948691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Sarker SK, Davies JH, Khan FS, Wilkins JW. Quantum corrections to the Boltzmann equation for transport in semiconductors in high electric fields. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 33:7263-7266. [PMID: 9938064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
The sulphation of a number of contraceptive steroids by rabbit tissue in vitro was investigated. With liver tissue the three synthetic gestagens (norethisterone, norgesterel and lynestrenol) were sulphated at different rates and none was sulphated as rapidly as dehydroepiandrosterone; sulphation occurred at the tertiary 17 beta-hydroxyl group. The synthetic oestrogen ethynyloestradiol was sulphated more rapidly than dehydroepiandrosterone, both mono and disulphates being formed. Of the other tissues studied, sulphation occurred with stomach and lung but not with heart, spleen, muscle, kidney or adipose tissue. These in vitro studies provide confirmation of in vivo findings regarding sulphate conjugates of the synthetic steroids.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The in vitro metabolism of stereo-isomers (D, L and the racemic mixture DL) of norgestrel by a microsomal fraction from rabbit liver was investigated. The metabolism of the biologically active D-norgestrel was more rapid than that of L-norgestrel which is biologically inactive. This was mainly due to the more ready conversion of D-norgestrel to ring-A reduced metabolites. There was no difference between the two isomers in respect of the amount undergoing hydroxylation; about 40% of each isomer was converted to hydroxylated metabolites after 30 min incubation. However, there were differences between the isomers, D-norgestrel being converted mainly to the 16 beta-hydroxysteroid and L-norgestrel to the 16 alpha-hydroxysteroid. Similar amounts of both isomers were hydroxylated at C-6. The metabolism of the racemic mixture was intermediate between that of the D and L isomers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan FS, Rathnam P, Saxena BB. Purification and properties of human chorionic gonadotropin/lutropin receptor from plasma-membrane and soluble fractions of bovine corpora lutea. Biochem J 1981; 197:7-22. [PMID: 6274326 PMCID: PMC1163050 DOI: 10.1042/bj1970007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-membrane and soluble fractions containing human chorionic gonadotropin/lutropin receptor were prepared from bovine corpora lutea by ultracentrifugation. The plasma-membrane and soluble fractions were studied for physicochemical properties, salts and gangliosides. The receptor preparations obtained from the plasma-membrane purified individually by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, which resulted in a partial dissociation of the hormone-binding subunit from the intact functional receptor unit, which consists of both hormone-binding (regulatory) and adenylate cyclase-associated (catalytic) subunits. The fractions containing the functional receptor unit were further purified by gel filtration on Sepharose-6B and chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. The 'receptor' was finally purified by affinity chromatography on a column of controlled-pore glass covalently coupled to hu man chorionic gonadotropin. The purified receptor from the plasma-membrane and the soluble fractions contained binding capacities of 901000 and 87000 fmol of human chorionic gonadotropin/mg of protein. Yields of 0.02 and 0.22mg of protein were obtained from 250 g of bovine corpora lutea, which represents a 10000- and 1000-fold increase respectively in the specific binding with 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin. Immunization of rabbits with a partially purified receptor fraction generated antibodies that specifically inhibited the binding of the 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin to the receptor.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Howard G, Khan FS, Warren RJ, Fotherby K. Proceedings: Metabolsim of norethisterone oenanthate in vivo and in vitro. J Endocrinol 1975; 65:20P-21P. [PMID: 1151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|