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Xu G, Zha J, Cheng H, Ibrahim MHA, Yang F, Dalton H, Cao R, Zhu Y, Fang J, Chi K, Zheng P, Zhang X, Shi J, Xu Z, Gross RA, Koffas MAG. Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for the de novo biosynthesis of tailored poly-γ-glutamic acid. Metab Eng 2019; 56:39-49. [PMID: 31449877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable polymer naturally produced by Bacillus spp. that has wide applications. Fermentation of γ-PGA using Bacillus species often requires the supplementation of L-glutamic acid, which greatly increases the overall cost. Here, we report a metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum capable of producing γ-PGA from glucose. The genes encoding γ-PGA synthase complex from B. subtilis (pgsB, C, and A) or B. licheniformis (capB, C, and A) were expressed under inducible promoter Ptac in a L-glutamic acid producer C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, which led to low levels of γ-PGA production. Subsequently, C. glutamicum F343 with a strong L-glutamic acid production capability was tested. C. glutamicum F343 carrying capBCA produced γ-PGA up to 11.4 g/L, showing a higher titer compared with C. glutamicum F343 expressing pgsBCA. By introducing B. subtilis glutamate racemase gene racE under Ptac promoter mutants with different expression strength, the percentage of L-glutamic acid units in γ-PGA could be adjusted from 97.1% to 36.9%, and stayed constant during the fermentation process, while the γ-PGA titer reached 21.3 g/L under optimal initial glucose concentrations. The molecular weight (Mw) of γ-PGA in the engineered strains ranged from 2000 to 4000 kDa. This work provides a foundation for the development of sustainable and cost-effective de novo production of γ-PGA from glucose with customized ratios of L-glutamic acid in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Zha
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Hui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Hunter Dalton
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Rong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiahua Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kaijun Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Richard A Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Refai HA, Ibrahim MHA. Structural characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Keratinase from Bacillus pumilus FH9. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:973-980. [PMID: 28743569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus FH9 keratinase was purified to homogeneity with a 59.9% yield through a series of three steps. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass around 50kDa and containing 7.3% carbohydrates. The pure B. pumilus FH9 keratinase was optimally active at pH 9.0 and 60°C. The calculated activation energy for keratin hydrolysis was 24.52kJmol-1 and its temperature quotient (Q10) was 1.19. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters for keratin hydrolysis were as follows: ΔH*=21.75kJmol-1, ΔG*=65.86kJmol-1 ΔS*=-132.46Jmol-1K-1, (ΔG*E-S)=4.74kJmol-1 and ΔG*E-T=-11.254kJmol-1. The pure keratinase exhibited Km, Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km of 5.55mg/ml keratin, 5882Umgprotein-1 323.54s-1 and 58.28 (s-1/mgml-1). The calculated half-life time at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C was 90.69, 59.1, 16.62 and 9.48min, respectively. Similarly, the thermodynamic parameters for irreversible thermal inactivation at temperature ranging from 50 to 80°C were determined. The pure enzyme was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. However, Zn2+, EDTA, Co2+ and Hg2+ significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze different substrates showing its higher proteolytic activity on casein, bovine serum albumin, and collagen, followed by feather, horn and wool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Jones JA, Vernacchio VR, Sinkoe AL, Collins SM, Ibrahim MHA, Lachance DM, Hahn J, Koffas MAG. Experimental and computational optimization of an Escherichia coli co-culture for the efficient production of flavonoids. Metab Eng 2016; 35:55-63. [PMID: 26860871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have enabled the use of microbial production platforms for the renewable production of many high-value natural products. Titers and yields, however, are often too low to result in commercially viable processes. Microbial co-cultures have the ability to distribute metabolic burden and allow for modular specific optimization in a way that is not possible through traditional monoculture fermentation methods. Here, we present an Escherichia coli co-culture for the efficient production of flavonoids in vivo, resulting in a 970-fold improvement in titer of flavan-3-ols over previously published monoculture production. To accomplish this improvement in titer, factors such as strain compatibility, carbon source, temperature, induction point, and inoculation ratio were initially optimized. The development of an empirical scaled-Gaussian model based on the initial optimization data was then implemented to predict the optimum point for the system. Experimental verification of the model predictions resulted in a 65% improvement in titer, to 40.7±0.1mg/L flavan-3-ols, over the previous optimum. Overall, this study demonstrates the first application of the co-culture production of flavonoids, the most in-depth co-culture optimization to date, and the first application of empirical systems modeling for improvement of titers from a co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Victoria R Vernacchio
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Andrew L Sinkoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Shannon M Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Chemistry of Natural Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Daniel M Lachance
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Linares-Pastén JA, Sabet-Azad R, Pessina L, Sardari RRR, Ibrahim MHA, Hatti-Kaul R. Efficient poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production from glycerol using Lactobacillus reuteri and recombinant Escherichia coli harboring L. reuteri propionaldehyde dehydrogenase and Chromobacterium sp. PHA synthase genes. Bioresour Technol 2015; 180:172-176. [PMID: 25600014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate), P(3HP), is a polymer combining good biodegradability with favorable material properties. In the present study, a production system for P(3HP) was designed, comprising conversion of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3HPA) as equilibrium mixture with 3HPA-hydrate and -dimer in aqueous system (reuterin) using resting cells of native Lactobacillus reuteri in a first stage followed by transformation of the 3HPA to P(3HP) using recombinant Escherichia coli strain co-expressing highly active coenzyme A-acylating propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (PduP) from L. reuteri and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaCcs) from Chromobacterium sp. P(3HP) content of up to 40% (w/w) cell dry weight was reached, and the yield with respect to the reuterin consumed by the cells was 78%. Short biotransformation period (4.5h), lack of additives or expensive cofactors, and use of a cheap medium for cultivation of the recombinant strain, provides a new efficient and potentially economical system for P(3HP) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Sabet-Azad
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Pessina
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Dishisha T, Ibrahim MHA, Cavero VH, Alvarez MT, Hatti-Kaul R. Improved propionic acid production from glycerol: combining cyclic batch- and sequential batch fermentations with optimal nutrient composition. Bioresour Technol 2015; 176:80-87. [PMID: 25460987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Propionic acid was produced from glycerol using Propionibacterium acidipropionici. In this study, the impact of the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, and of different modes of high cell density fermentations on process kinetics and -efficiency was investigated. Three-way ANOVA analysis and batch cultivations at varying C/N ratios at pH 6.5 revealed that propionic acid production rate is significantly influenced by yeast extract concentration. Glycerol to yeast extract ratio (ww(-1)) of 3:1 was required for complete glycerol consumption, while maintaining the volumetric productivity. Using this optimum C/N ratio for propionic acid production in cyclic batch fermentation gave propionate yield up to 93mol% and productivity of 0.53gL(-1)h(-1). Moreover, sequential batch fermentation with cell recycling resulted in production rates exceeding 1gL(-1)h(-1) at initial glycerol up to 120gL(-1), and a maximum of 1.63gL(-1)h(-1) from 90gL(-1) glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor Hugo Cavero
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Teresa Alvarez
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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