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Grismer LL, Anuar MSS, Muin MA, Ahmad N, Quah ESH. Genetic and morphological concordance and discordance within the Cyrtodactylus brevipalmatus group (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5353:265-275. [PMID: 38220685 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We use data sets from the Cyrtodactylus brevipalmatus group with limited genetic and morphological sampling to demonstrate that not accounting for sampling error may adversely influence decisions regarding species delimitation and diagnosis. Lack of geographic sampling between the endpoints of a species range may recover notable interpopulational genetic differentiation consistent with species-level differentiation. Additionally, small population sample sizes may fail recover statistically different diagnostic morphological differences. Combined, these types of sampling error can produce results seemingly consistent with the recognition of cryptic speciesgenetically delimited populations lacking diagnostic morphological characters. This is the current situation within some lineages of the C. brevipalmatus group whereas in others, sampling error is less problematic and does not jeopardize their taxonomy. We note the potential negative effects for comparative biology as a whole if sampling error is not taken into consideration prior to constructing taxonomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory; Department of Biology; La Sierra University; 4500 Riverwalk Parkway; Riverside; California 92505; USA.; Department of Herpetology; San Diego Natural History Museum; PO Box 121390; San Diego; California; 92112; USA; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Jalan UMS; 88400; Kota Kinabalu; Sabah; Malaysia.
| | - M S Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 Minden; Penang; Malaysia; Center for Marine and Coastal Studies; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM; Pulau Pinang; Malaysia..
| | - M A Muin
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS); Level 5; Hamzah Sendut Library; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM; Penang.
| | - N Ahmad
- Institute for Environment and Development; (LESTARI); Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi; Selangor Darul Eshan; Malaysia.
| | - Evan S H Quah
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Jalan UMS; 88400; Kota Kinabalu; Sabah; Malaysia.; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum; National University of Singapore; 2 Conservatory Drive; 117377; Singapore.
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Quah ESH, Wood PLJ, Anuar MSS, Muin MA. A new species of Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia with an updated checklist of the herpetofauna of Tuba Island. Zootaxa 2020; 4767:zootaxa.4767.1.6. [PMID: 33056576 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new, diminutive species of Rock Gecko Cnemaspis tubaensis sp. nov. of the C. kumpoli group, is described from Tuba Island, Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia and is differentiated from all other species in the kumpoli group by having a unique combination of morphological and color pattern characteristics, including a maximum SVL of 37.0 mm; 10 or 11 supralabials; eight or nine infralabials; 15-18 semi-linearly arranged paravertebral tubercles; lateral caudal furrow present; lateral caudal tubercles on the anterior portion of the tail; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; five or six precloacal pores; 28 or 29 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; smooth ventrals; smooth subcaudals with an enlarged median row of scales; subcaudal region light-grey and speckled with yellow; absence of light-colored ocelli on the shoulder; no yellow postscapular band; dorsum light-brown with sage-green blotches and black spots; flanks with scattered yellow spots; absence of black gular markings in both sexes; and 13.0-22.0% uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2). Cnemaspis tubaensis sp. nov. is the fourth species of Cnemaspis to be described from the Langkawi Archipelago and underscores the underestimated biodiversity of the islands which is in need of more thorough herpetological inventories.
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Key Words
- Reptilia, Integrative taxonomy, phylogeny, molecular systematics, karst, island, conservation, herpetology, reptile, amphibian, discovery
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S H Quah
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515, USA..
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Wood PLJ, Grismer LL, Muin MA, Anuar S, Oaks JR. A new potentially endangered limestone-associated Bent-toed Gecko of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex from northern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2020; 4751:zootaxa.4751.3.2. [PMID: 32230404 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A survey of a limestone forest at Gunung Baling, Kedah, West Malaysia lead to the discovery of an undescribed species of Bent-toed Gecko from the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex. Cyrtodactylus evanquahi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species in the C. pulchellus complex by a suite of morphological and color pattern characteristics: prominent tuberculation, higher number of dark body bands, and a smaller maximum SVL. It is further differentiated from all other species as follows; no tubercles on the ventral surface of the forelimbs, gular region, or in the ventrolateral folds; 31-34 paravetebral dorsal tubercles; 18-23 longitudinal rows of tubercles; 29-33 ventral scales; 22-23 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 32-36 femoroprecloacal pores; a shallow precloacal groove in males; body bands and nuchal loop edged with a thin white line bearing tubercles; no scattered white spots on the dorsum; six or seven dark body bands much thinner than interspaces; 9-11 dark caudal bands on original tail; bands on the original tail separated by immaculate white caudal bands. It is further differentiated by an uncorrected pairwise genetic divergence of 6.50-15.67% from all other congeners in the C. pulchellus complex. It is most closely related to C. pulchellus from Penang Island ∼76 km to the southwest. In addition to the new samples from Gunung Baling, we added four samples of C. bintangrendah from the new locality of Belukar Semang, Perak. The discovery of yet another new species of the C. pulchellus complex from a limestone habitat continues to underscore the high degree of endemism and the importance of these unique habitats for biodiversity, and the continued need for their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry L Jr Wood
- Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 USA. Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA..
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Chan KO, Muin MA, Anuar S, Andam J, Razak N, Aziz MA. First checklist on the amphibians and reptiles of Mount Korbu, the second highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia. CheckList 2019. [DOI: 10.15560/15.6.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study represents the first report on the amphibians and reptiles of Mount Korbu, the highest peak in the Titiwangsa Range (2182 m a.s.l.) and the second highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia. The Titiwangsa Range is the longest and most contiguous mountain range in Peninsular Malaysia, but only three upland localities have been extensively sampled and published on, indicating the urgent need for fieldwork to new localities along this range. We documented 18 species of amphibians from the families Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophryidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae, and Rhacophoridae and 16 species of reptiles from the families Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Scincidae, Colubridae, Pareidae, Viperidae, Testudinidae, and Trionychidae. This study also records significant range extensions for four species and provides the first collated checklist on the herpetofauna of the Titiwangsa Range.
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Grismer LL, Dzukafly Z, Muin MA, Quah ESH, Karin BR, Anuar S, Freitas ES. A new skink of the genus Subdoluseps (Hardwicke amp; Gray, 1828) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2019; 4609:zootaxa.4609.2.10. [PMID: 31717113 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4609.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An integrative taxonomic analysis of Subdoluseps herberti from southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and S. samajaya from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo) recovers the former as paraphyletic with respect to the latter. The analyses recover the three southernmost populations of S. herberti in Peninsular Malaysia as conspecific and the sister lineage of S. samajaya, whereas S. herberti from Thailand and northern Peninsular Malaysia constitute the sister species to S. samajaya plus the southern three Peninsular Malaysian populations. As such, the southern populations are described herein as S. malayana sp. nov. and all three species are referred to as the S. herberti group. Clade boundaries and breaks within this group on the Thai-Malay Peninsula occurring at the Isthmus of Kra, across the Kangar-Pattani line, and between the Thai-Malay Peninsula and Borneo are consistent with phylogeographic patterns of other Sundaic taxa. The discovery of S. malayana sp. nov. continues to underscore the fact that, despite the well-studied nature of the lizard fauna of Peninsular Malaysia, much of it still remains unrealized and for conservation efforts to move forward, field research followed by expeditiously revised taxonomies must continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA 92505, USA..
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Davis HR, Grismer LL, Klabacka RL, Muin MA, Quah ESH, Anuar S, Wood PLJ, Sites JW. The phylogenetic relationships of a new Stream Toad of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from a montane region in Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2016; 4103:137-53. [PMID: 27394624 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Twelve species of Ansonia occur on the Thai-Malay peninsula, of which, five from Peninsular Malaysia, form a monophyletic group. One of these, A. jeetsukumarani, is endemic to the Titiwangsa Mountain Range, in which, we discovered a new population of Ansonia that is not A. jeetsukumarani or even its closest relative. Based on morphology, color pattern, and molecular phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial genes 12s and 16s rRNA, we have determined that this new species, A. smeagol sp. nov., forms the sister lineage to an upland, monophyletic group composed of A. jeetsukumarani, A. lumut, A. malayana, and A. penangensis. We have noted similar biogeographic patterns in other taxa from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range in a number of upland lineages in Peninsular Malaysia. We hypothesize that the phylogeographic structure of these upland populations is a result of stochastic processes stemming from interaction of climate-driven forest dynamics and life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Davis
- Department of Biology La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515 USA.;
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515 USA.;
| | - Randy L Klabacka
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA.;
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.;
| | - Evan S H Quah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.;
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Perry L Jr Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA.;
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA.; unknown
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Grismer LL, Muin MA, Wood PLJ, Anuar S, Linkem CW. The transfer of two clades of Malaysian Sphenomorphus Fitzinger (Squamata: Scincidae) into the genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos, & Brown and the description of a new Malaysian swamp-dwelling species. Zootaxa 2016; 4092:231-42. [PMID: 27394452 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial gene ND2 and its flanking tRNAs indicate the diminutive upland and insular species Sphenomorphus bukitensis, S. butleri, S. langkawiensis, S. perhentianensis, and S. temengorensis form a monophyletic group that is phylogenetically embedded within the Southeast Asian genus Tytthoscincus. The analyses also indicate that a new swamp-dwelling skink from the Bukit Panchor State Park, Pulau Pinang, Peninsular Malaysia is the sister species to the swamp-dwelling species S. sibuensis from Pulau Sibu, Johor and Singapore and that these two are also embedded in the genus Tytthoscincus. By transferring the two Peninsular Malaysian clades of Sphenomorphus into the genus Tytthoscincus, the monophyly of the latter is maintained. The new species T. panchorensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of Tytthoscincus by having a unique combination of morphological and color pattern characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515 USA.;
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.;
| | - Perry L Jr Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA.;
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.;
| | - Charles W Linkem
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.;
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Grismer LL, Wood PL, Anuar S, Quah ESH, Muin MA, Onn CK, Sumarli AX, Loredo AI. Repeated evolution of sympatric, palaeoendemic species in closely related, co-distributed lineages ofHemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) across a sky-island archipelago in Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology; La Sierra University; 4500 Riverwalk Parkway Riverside CA 92515 USA
| | - Perry L. Wood
- Department of Biology; Brigham Young University; 150 East Bulldog Boulevard Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Center for Marine and Coastal Studies; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 Minden Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Evan S. H. Quah
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Penang Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Chan Kin Onn
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Alexandra X. Sumarli
- Department of Biology; La Sierra University; 4500 Riverwalk Parkway Riverside CA 92515 USA
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Sumarli AX, Grismer LL, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ES. First report on the amphibians and reptiles of a remote mountain, Gunung Tebu in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. cl 2015. [DOI: 10.1109/eit.2019.8833875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first herpetological survey and checklist of the Mount Tebu (Gunung Tebu) region including the upland areas of Gunung Tebu, the surrounding lowlands of Hutan Lipur Lata Belatan, and the nearby lowland region of Hutan Lipur Lata Tembaka in Terrengganu, northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Expanding upon the only previous herpetological survey in this region from Gunung Lawit (Dring 1979), we record a total of 106 species including 43 species previously unknown from this portion of Peninsular Malaysia.
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Sumarli AX, Grismer LL, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ES. First report on the amphibians and reptiles of a remote mountain, Gunung Tebu in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. cl 2015. [DOI: 10.15560/11.4.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first herpetological survey and checklist of the Mount Tebu (Gunung Tebu) region including the upland areas of Gunung Tebu, the surrounding lowlands of Hutan Lipur Lata Belatan, and the nearby lowland region of Hutan Lipur Lata Tembaka in Terrengganu, northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Expanding upon the only previous herpetological survey in this region from Gunung Lawit (Dring 1979), we record a total of 106 species including 43 species previously unknown from this portion of Peninsular Malaysia.
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Grismer LL, Quah ESH, Anuar M S S, Muin MA, Wood PL, Nor SAM. A diminutive new species of cave-dwelling Wolf Snake (Colubridae: Lycodon Boie, 1826) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2014:51-67. [PMID: 24943599 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3815.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A newly discovered, diminutive, cave-dwelling, lowland species of the colubrid snake genus Lycodon Boie is described from a limestone cave along the Thai-Malaysian border in the state of Perlis, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Lycodon cavernicolus sp. nov. is most closely related to L. butleri Boulenger, an endemic, upland, forest-dwelling species from Peninsular Malaysia of the fasciatus group but is separated from L. butleri and all other species of the L. fasciatus group and the closely related L. ruhstrati group by having the combination of 245 (male) and 232 (female) ventral scales; 113 (male) and 92 (female) paired, subcaudal scales; a single precloacal plate; nine or 10 supralabials; 10 or 11 infralabials; a maximum total length of 508 mm (female); a relative tail length of 0.25-0.27; an immaculate venter in juveniles and dark-brown, posterior, ventral scale margins in adults; and dorsal and caudal bands in juveniles white. The discovery of L. cavernicolus sp. nov. adds to a rapidly growing list of newly discovered reptiles from karst regions and limestone forests of Peninsular Malaysia, underscoring the fact that these areas should be studied before they are quarried as they harbor a significant portion of the Peninsular Malaysia's herpetological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515 USA.;
| | - Evan S H Quah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.;
| | - Shahrul Anuar M S
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia. Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.;
| | - Perry L Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA.;
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.; unknown
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Grismer LL, Wood PL, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ESH, McGuire JA, Brown RM, Van Tri N, Hong Thai P. Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic species diversity inHemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology; La Sierra University; Riverside CA USA
- Institute for Environment and Development; (LESTARI); Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | - Perry L. Wood
- Department of Biology; Brigham Young University; 150 East Bulldog Boulevard Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Evan S. H. Quah
- Centre for Drug Research; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 Minden Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Jimmy A. McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3160 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3160 USA
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045-7651 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045-7651 USA
| | - Ngo Van Tri
- Department of Environmental Management and Technology; Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnamese Academy of Sciences and Technology; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Thai
- Cam Le Department of Education and Training; Cam Le District Da Nang City Vietnam
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Grismer LL, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ESH, Wood PL. Phylogenetic relationships and description of a new upland species of Bent-toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827) of the C. sworderi complex from northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2013; 3616:239-52. [PMID: 24758805 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and morphological analyses indicate that a new upland species of the Cyrtodactylus sworderi complex, C. tebuensis sp. nov. from Gunung Tebu, Terengganu, Malaysia is most closely related to C. sworderi and together they form the sister lineage to C. quadrivirgatus. Cyrtodactylus tebuensis sp. nov. is differentiated from all other species of Sundaland Cyrtodactylus on the basis of having the unique combination of large, conical, keeled body tubercles; tubercles present on top of head, occiput, nape, and limbs, and extending posteriorly beyond base of tail; 43-51 ventral scales; no transversely enlarged, median subcaudal scales; proximal, subdigital lamellae transversely expanded; 17-21 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; an abrupt transition between posterior and ventral femoral scales; enlarged femoral scales; no femoral or precloacal pores; no precloacal groove; body bearing four wide, bold, dark brown stripes (lateral stripe on each flank and a pair of paravertebral stripes); and a pairwise sequence divergence of 13.0% from its closest relative C. sworderi based on the mitochondrial gene ND2. Cyrtodactylus tebuensis sp. nov. is the first endemic upland species of gekkonid from northeastern Peninsular Malaysia and underscores the necessity for additional field work in all upland systems.
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Wood PL, Quaw SH, Shahrul Anuar MS, Muin MA. A new species of lowland karst dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2013; 3691:538-558. [PMID: 26167602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new species of lowland karst dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch 1887, C. grismeri sp. nov. is described from the southeastern base of the Banjaran Bintang in northern Peninsular Malaysia. It is differentiated from its congeners by a unique combination of characters including size, coloration and scalation. Cnemapis grismeri sp. nov. is most closely related to C. mcguirei, an upland species endemic to the Banjaran Bintang. This phylogeographic pattern is also seen in the upland and lowland Banjaran Bintang species of Cyrtodactylus bintangtinggi and C. bintangrendah, respectively (Grismer et al. 2012). The discovery of yet another endemic gekkonid in the poorly explored karst regions of Peninsular Malaysia underscores the necessity for concentrated collecting efforts in these unique landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry L Wood
- Department of Biology, Brighani Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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Savage AE, Grismer LL, Anuar S, Onn CK, Grismer JL, Quah E, Muin MA, Ahmad N, Lenker M, Zamudio KR. First record of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infecting four frog families from Peninsular Malaysia. Ecohealth 2011; 8:121-128. [PMID: 21541819 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-011-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects amphibians on every continent where they occur and is linked to the decline of over 200 amphibian species worldwide. At present, only three published Bd surveys exist for mainland Asia, and Bd has been detected in South Korea alone. In this article, we report the first survey for Bd in Peninsular Malaysia. We swabbed 127 individuals from the six amphibian families that occur on Peninsular Malaysia, including two orders, 27 genera, and 47 species. We detected Bd on 10 out of 127 individuals from four of five states and five of 11 localities, placing the 95% confidence interval for overall prevalence at 4-14%. We detected no variation in Bd prevalence among regions, elevations, or taxonomic groups. The infection intensity ranged from 1 to 157,000 genome equivalents. The presence of Bd infections in native species without clinical signs of disease suggests that Bd may be endemic to the region. Alternately, Bd may have been introduced from non-native amphibians because of the substantial amphibian food trade in Peninsular Malaysia. Under both scenarios, management efforts should be implemented to limit the spread of non-native Bd and protect the tremendous amphibian diversity in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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