1
|
Trometer N, Pecourneau J, Feng L, Navarro-Huerta JA, Lazarin-Bidóia D, de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager S, Maes L, Fortes Francisco A, Kelly JM, Meunier B, Cal M, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Davioud-Charvet E. Synthesis and Anti-Chagas Activity Profile of a Redox-Active Lead 3-Benzylmenadione Revealed by High-Content Imaging. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38606978 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a neglected tropical disease which is a top priority target of the World Health Organization. The disease, endemic mainly in Latin America, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and has spread around the globe due to human migration. There are multiple transmission routes, including vectorial, congenital, oral, and iatrogenic. Less than 1% of patients have access to treatment, relying on two old redox-active drugs that show poor pharmacokinetics and severe adverse effects. Hence, the priorities for the next steps of R&D include (i) the discovery of novel drugs/chemical classes, (ii) filling the pipeline with drug candidates that have new mechanisms of action, and (iii) the pressing need for more research and access to new chemical entities. In the present work, we first identified a hit (4a) with a potent anti-T. cruzi activity from a library of 3-benzylmenadiones. We then designed a synthetic strategy to build a library of 49 3-(4-monoamino)benzylmenadione derivatives via reductive amination to obtain diazacyclic benz(o)ylmenadiones. Among them, we identified by high content imaging an anti-amastigote "early lead" 11b (henceforth called cruzidione) revealing optimized pharmacokinetic properties and enhanced specificity. Studies in a yeast model revealed that a cruzidione metabolite, the 3-benzoylmenadione (cruzidione oxide), enters redox cycling with the NADH-dehydrogenase, generating reactive oxygen species, as hypothesized for the early hit (4a).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Trometer
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémy Pecourneau
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Liwen Feng
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - José A Navarro-Huerta
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva Lautenschlager
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, CDE-S7.27 Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vahekeni N, Brillatz T, Rahmaty M, Cal M, Keller-Maerki S, Rocchetti R, Kaiser M, Sax S, Mattli K, Wolfram E, Marcourt L, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Mäser P. Antiprotozoal Activity of Plants Used in the Management of Sleeping Sickness in Angola and Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel and Nymphaea lotus L. Active against T. b. rhodesiense. Molecules 2024; 29:1611. [PMID: 38611890 PMCID: PMC11013945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Folk medicine is widely used in Angola, even for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in spite of the fact that the reference treatment is available for free. Aiming to validate herbal remedies in use, we selected nine medicinal plants and assessed their antitrypanosomal activity. A total of 122 extracts were prepared using different plant parts and solvents. A total of 15 extracts from seven different plants exhibited in vitro activity (>70% at 20 µg/mL) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms. The dichloromethane extract of Nymphaea lotus (leaves and leaflets) and the ethanolic extract of Brasenia schreberi (leaves) had IC50 values ≤ 10 µg/mL. These two aquatic plants are of particular interest. They are being co-applied in the form of a decoction of leaves because they are considered by local healers as male and female of the same species, the ethnotaxon "longa dia simbi". Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of eight active molecules: gallic acid (IC50 0.5 µg/mL), methyl gallate (IC50 1.1 µg/mL), 2,3,4,6-tetragalloyl-glucopyranoside, ethyl gallate (IC50 0.5 µg/mL), 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-glucopyranoside (IC50 20 µg/mL), gossypetin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (IC50 5.5 µg/mL), and hypolaetin-7-O-glucoside (IC50 5.7 µg/mL) in B. schreberi, and 5-[(8Z,11Z,14Z)-heptadeca-8,11,14-trienyl] resorcinol (IC50 5.3 µg/mL) not described to date in N. lotus. Five of these active constituents were detected in the traditional preparation. This work provides the first evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of these plants in the management of sleeping sickness in Angola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vahekeni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Théo Brillatz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Rahmaty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Keller-Maerki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Rocchetti
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Sax
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Mattli
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland (E.W.)
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland (E.W.)
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.B.); (L.M.); (E.F.Q.); (J.-L.W.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (M.C.); (S.K.-M.); (R.R.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren R, Wang X, Leas DA, Scheurer C, Hoevel S, Cal M, Chen G, Zhong L, Katneni K, Pham T, Patil R, Sil D, Walters MJ, Schulze TT, Neville AJ, Dong Y, Wittlin S, Kaiser M, Davis PH, Charman SA, Vennerstrom JL. Antimalarial Dibenzannulated Medium-Ring Keto Lactams. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1964-1980. [PMID: 37695781 PMCID: PMC10860121 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We discovered dibenzannulated medium-ring keto lactams (11,12-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,g]azonine-6,13-diones) as a new antimalarial chemotype. Most of these had chromatographic LogD7.4 values ranging from <0 to 3 and good kinetic solubilities (12.5 to >100 μg/mL at pH 6.5). The more polar compounds in the series (LogD7.4 values of <2) had the best metabolic stability (CLint values of <50 μL/min/mg protein in human liver microsomes). Most of the compounds had relatively low cytotoxicity, with IC50 values >30 μM, and there was no correlation between antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. The four most potent compounds had Plasmodium falciparum IC50 values of 4.2 to 9.4 nM and in vitro selectivity indices of 670 to >12,000. They were more than 4 orders-of-magnitude less potent against three other protozoal pathogens (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani) but did have relatively high potency against Toxoplasma gondii, with IC50 values ranging from 80 to 200 nM. These keto lactams are converted into their poorly soluble 4(1H)-quinolone transannular condensation products in vitro in culture medium and in vivo in mouse blood. The similar antiplasmodial potencies of three keto lactam-quinolone pairs suggest that the quinolones likely contribute to the antimalarial activity of the lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongguo Ren
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Derek A Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Christian Scheurer
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Hoevel
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gong Chen
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Longjin Zhong
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kasiram Katneni
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thao Pham
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rahul Patil
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Diptesh Sil
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Matthias J Walters
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Thomas T Schulze
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Andrew J Neville
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren R, Wang X, Leas DA, Häberli C, Cal M, Dong Y, Kaiser M, Keiser J, Vennerstrom JL. Antischistosomal tetrahydro-γ-carboline sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128546. [PMID: 35031451 PMCID: PMC8826590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We discovered tetrahydro-γ-carboline sulfonamides as a new antischistosomal chemotype. The aryl sulfonamide and tetrahydro-γ-carboline substructures were required for high antischistosomal activity. Increasing polarity improved solubility and metabolic stability but decreased antischistosomal activity. We identified two compounds with IC50 values <5 µM against ex vivo Schistosoma mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongguo Ren
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Derek A. Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boberg M, Cal M, Kaiser M, Jansson-Löfmark R, Mäser P, Ashton M. Enantiospecific antitrypanosomal in vitro activity of eflornithine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009583. [PMID: 34252098 PMCID: PMC8297939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamine synthesis inhibitor eflornithine is a recommended treatment for the neglected tropical disease Gambian human African trypanosomiasis in late stage. This parasitic disease, transmitted by the tsetse fly, is lethal unless treated. Eflornithine is administered by repeated intravenous infusions as a racemic mixture of L-eflornithine and D-eflornithine. The study compared the in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of the two enantiomers with the racemic mixture against three Trypanosoma brucei gambiense strains. Antitrypanosomal in vitro activity at varying drug concentrations was analysed by non-linear mixed effects modelling. For all three strains, L-eflornithine was more potent than D-eflornithine. Estimated 50% inhibitory concentrations of the three strains combined were 9.1 μM (95% confidence interval [8.1; 10]), 5.5 μM [4.5; 6.6], and 50 μM [42; 57] for racemic eflornithine, L-eflornithine and D-eflornithine, respectively. The higher in vitro potency of L-eflornithine warrants further studies to assess its potential for improving the treatment of late-stage Gambian human African trypanosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Boberg
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Cal
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Jansson-Löfmark
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ashton
- Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leas DA, Sanford AG, Wu J, Cal M, Kaiser M, Wittlin S, Hemsley RM, Darner EB, Lui LM, Davis PH, Vennerstrom JL. Diaryl Ureas as an Antiprotozoal Chemotype. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1578-1583. [PMID: 33971090 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We now describe the physicochemical profiling, in vitro ADME, and antiparasitic activity of eight N,N'-diarylureas to assess their potential as a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal chemotype. Chromatographic LogD7.4 values ranged from 2.5 to 4.5; kinetic aq. solubilities were ≤6.3 μg/mL, and plasma protein binding ranged from 95 to 99%. All of the compounds had low intrinsic clearance values in human, but not mouse, liver microsomes. Although no N,N'-diarylurea had submicromolar potency against Trypanosoma cruzi, two had submicromolar potencies against Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and five had submicromolar potencies against Leishmania donovani. Plasmodium falciparum appeared to be the most susceptible to growth inhibition by this compound series. Most of the N,N'-diarylureas had antiprotozoal selectivities ≥10. One N,N'-diarylurea had demonstrable activity in mouse models of malaria and toxoplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Austin G. Sanford
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jianbo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M. Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Elyssa B. Darner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - LeeAnna M. Lui
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rocha-Hasler M, de Oliveira GM, da Gama AN, Fiuza LFDA, Fesser AF, Cal M, Rocchetti R, Peres RB, Guan XL, Kaiser M, Soeiro MDNC, Mäser P. Combination With Tomatidine Improves the Potency of Posaconazole Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:617917. [PMID: 33747979 PMCID: PMC7970121 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.617917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoles such as posaconazole (Posa) are highly potent against Trypanosoma cruzi. However, when tested in chronic Chagas disease patients, a high rate of relapse after Posa treatment was observed. It appears that inhibition of T. cruzi cytochrome CYP51, the target of azoles, does not deliver sterile cure in monotherapy. Looking for suitable combination partners of azoles, we have selected a set of inhibitors of sterol and sphingolipid biosynthetic enzymes. A small-scale phenotypic screening was conducted in vitro against the proliferative forms of T. cruzi, extracellular epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Against the intracellular, clinically relevant forms, four out of 15 tested compounds presented higher or equal activity as benznidazole (Bz), with EC50 values ≤2.2 μM. Ro48-8071, an inhibitor of lanosterol synthase (ERG7), and the steroidal alkaloid tomatidine (TH), an inhibitor of C-24 sterol methyltransferase (ERG6), exhibited the highest potency and selectivity indices (SI = 12 and 115, respectively). Both were directed to combinatory assays using fixed-ratio protocols with Posa, Bz, and fexinidazole. The combination of TH with Posa displayed a synergistic profile against amastigotes, with a mean ΣFICI value of 0.2. In vivo assays using an acute mouse model of T. cruzi infection demonstrated lack of antiparasitic activity of TH alone in doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg. As observed in vitro, the best combo proportion in vivo was the ratio 3 TH:1 Posa. The combination of Posa at 1.25 mpk plus TH at 3.75 mpk displayed suppression of peak parasitemia of 80% and a survival rate of 60% in the acute infection model, as compared to 20% survival for Posa at 1.25 mpk alone and 40% for Posa at 10 mpk alone. These initial results indicate a potential for the combination of posaconazole with tomatidine against T. cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rocha-Hasler
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Nefertiti da Gama
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Frieda Fesser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Rocchetti
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raiza Brandão Peres
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism in Human Health and Diseases Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Mäser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagen JP, Darner G, Anderson S, Higgins K, Leas DA, Mitra A, Mashinson V, Wol T, Vera-Esquivel C, Belter B, Cal M, Kaiser M, Wallick A, Warner RC, Davis PH. Activity of diphenyl ether benzyl amines against Human African Trypanosomiasis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103590. [PMID: 32179269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect-borne parasite Trypanosoma brucei plagues humans and other animals, eliciting the disease Human African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness. This disease poses the biggest threat to the people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the high toxicity and difficulties with administration of currently available drugs, a novel treatment is needed. Building on known Human African trypanosomiasis structure-activity relationship (SAR), we now describe a number of functionally simple diphenyl ether analogs which give low micromolar activity (IC50 = 0.16-0.96 μM) against T. b. rhodesiense. The best compound shows favorable selectivity against the L6 cell line (SI = 750) and even greater selectivity (SI = 1200) against four human cell lines. The data herein provides direction for the ongoing optimization of antitrypanosomal diphenyl ethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Hagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States.
| | - Grant Darner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Samuel Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Katie Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Derek A Leas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Ananya Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Victoria Mashinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Tasloach Wol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Carlos Vera-Esquivel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Bret Belter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wallick
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Rosalie C Warner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Cal M, Kaiser M, Buckner FS, Lepesheva GI, Sanford AG, Wallick AI, Davis PH, Vennerstrom JL. A new chemotype with promise against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126778. [PMID: 31706668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyridyl benzamide 2 is a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi, but not other protozoan parasites, and had a selectivity-index of ≥10. The initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicates that benzamide and sulfonamide functional groups, and N-methylpiperazine and sterically unhindered 3-pyridyl substructures are required for high activity against T. cruzi. Compound 2 and its active analogs had low to moderate metabolic stabilities in human and mouse liver microsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederick S Buckner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Galina I Lepesheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Austin G Sanford
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alexander I Wallick
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wiedemar N, Zwyer M, Zoltner M, Cal M, Field MC, Mäser P. Expression of a specific variant surface glycoprotein has a major impact on suramin sensitivity and endocytosis in Trypanosoma brucei. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:595-608. [PMID: 32123811 PMCID: PMC6996322 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Suramin was introduced into the clinic a century ago and is still used to treat the first stage of acute human sleeping sickness. Due to its size and sixfold negative charge, uptake is mediated through endocytosis and the suramin receptor in trypanosomes is thought to be the invariant surface glycoprotein 75 (ISG75). Nevertheless, we recently identified a variant surface glycoprotein (VSGSur) that confers strong in vitro resistance to suramin in a Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense line. In this study, we introduced VSGSur into the active bloodstream expression site of a T. b. brucei line. This caused suramin resistance and cross resistance to trypan blue. We quantified the endocytosis of different substrates by flow cytometry and showed that the expression of VSGSur strongly impairs the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and transferrin, both imported by receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, bulk endocytosis and endocytosis of the trypanolytic factor were not affected, and the VSGSur -expressors did not exhibit a growth phenotype in the absence of suramin. Knockdown of ISG75 was synergistic with VSGSur expression, indicating that these two proteins are mediating distinct suramin resistance pathways. In conclusion, VSGSur causes suramin resistance in T. brucei bloodstream forms by decreasing specific, receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wiedemar
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michaela Zwyer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Martin Zoltner
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mark C. Field
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wiedemar N, Graf FE, Zwyer M, Ndomba E, Kunz Renggli C, Cal M, Schmidt RS, Wenzler T, Mäser P. Beyond immune escape: a variant surface glycoprotein causes suramin resistance in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Microbiol 2017; 107:57-67. [PMID: 28963732 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Suramin is one of the first drugs developed in a medicinal chemistry program (Bayer, 1916), and it is still the treatment of choice for the hemolymphatic stage of African sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Cellular uptake of suramin occurs by endocytosis, and reverse genetic studies with T. b. brucei have linked downregulation of the endocytic pathway to suramin resistance. Here we show that forward selection for suramin resistance in T. brucei spp. cultures is fast, highly reproducible and linked to antigenic variation. Bloodstream-form trypanosomes are covered by a dense coat of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), which protects them from their mammalian hosts' immune defenses. Each T. brucei genome contains over 2000 different VSG genes, but only one is expressed at a time. An expression switch to one particular VSG, termed VSGSur , correlated with suramin resistance. Reintroduction of the originally expressed VSG gene in resistant T. brucei restored suramin susceptibility. This is the first report of a link between antigenic variation and drug resistance in African trypanosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wiedemar
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice E Graf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Zwyer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Ndomba
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Christina Kunz Renggli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Remo S Schmidt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Wenzler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel CH-4001, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smietniansky M, Gonzalez Zalazar E, Boietti B, Ardiles V, Cal M, Riggi E, Camera L, De Santibañes E. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FRAILTY AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Smietniansky
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Gonzalez Zalazar
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Boietti
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Ardiles
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Cal
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Riggi
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Camera
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. De Santibañes
- Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cal M, Ioset JR, Fügi MA, Mäser P, Kaiser M. Assessing anti-T. cruzi candidates in vitro for sterile cidality. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:165-170. [PMID: 27639944 PMCID: PMC5030316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Total clearance of the T. cruzi infection - referred to herein as "sterile cure" - seems to be a critical prerequisite for new drug candidates for Chagas disease, ensuring long-term beneficial effects for patients in the chronic indeterminate stage. This requirement is notably supported by the recent findings of clinical studies involving posaconazole and fosravuconazole, where the majority of patients treated eventually relapsed after an apparent clearance of parasitaemia at the end of treatment. We have adapted an in vitro system to predict the ability of a compound to deliver sterile cure. It relies on mouse peritoneal macrophages as host cells for Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. The macrophages do not proliferate, allowing for long-term testing and wash-out experiments. Giemsa staining followed by microscopy provides a highly sensitive and specific tool to quantify the numbers of infected host cells. Combining macrophages as host cells and Giemsa staining as the read-out, we demonstrate that posaconazole and other CYP51 inhibitors are unable to achieve complete clearance of an established T. cruzi infection in vitro in spite of the fact that these compounds are active at significantly lower concentrations than the reference drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox. Indeed, a few macrophages remained infected after 96 h of drug incubation in the presence of CYP51 inhibitors-albeit at a very low parasite load. These residual T. cruzi amastigotes were shown to be viable and infective, as demonstrated by wash-out experiments. We advocate characterizing any new anti-T. cruzi early stage candidates for sterile cidality early in the discovery cascade, as a surrogate for delivery of sterile cure in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, CH-1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthia A Fügi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
We discovered three diimidazolines with high antiplasmodial selectivity that had IC50 values of 1.9-28 nM against cultured Plasmodium falciparum. We also identified a gem-dimethyl diimidazoline with high antitrypanosomal selectivity that had an IC50 value of 26 nM against cultured Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Two 2-imidazoline heterocycles in a para orientation on a N-phenylbenzamide or similar core structure were required for high antiprotozoal activity. Ring expansion of the imidazoline as well as heterocyclic variants with pKa values of <7 all decreased activity significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College
of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College
of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College
of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong Y, Wang X, Cal M, Kaiser M, Vennerstrom JL. Activity of diimidazoline amides against African trypanosomiasis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:944-8. [PMID: 24398295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified several diimidazoline mono- and diamides that were as potent as pentamidine against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro. All of these were also less cytotoxic than pentamidine, but none was as effective as the latter in a T. brucei rhodesiense-infected mouse model. A single imidazoline may be sufficient for high antitrypanosomal activity provided that a second weak base functional group is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mokoka TA, Zimmermann S, Julianti T, Hata Y, Moodley N, Cal M, Adams M, Kaiser M, Brun R, Koorbanally N, Hamburger M. In vitro screening of traditional South African malaria remedies against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. Planta Med 2011; 77:1663-1667. [PMID: 21412695 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three hundred extracts were prepared from plants traditionally used in South Africa to treat malaria and screened in vitro for activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. For the 43 extracts which inhibited the growth of one or more parasites to more than 95 % at 9.7 µg/mL, the IC₅₀ values against all four protozoal parasites and cytotoxic IC₅₀s against rat myoblast L6 cells were determined. Amongst the most notable results are the activities of AGATHOSMA APICULATA (IC₅₀ of 0.3 µg/mL) against Plasmodium falciparum, as well as Salvia repens and Maytenus undata against Leishmania donovani with IC₅₀s of 5.4 µg/mL and 5.6 µg/mL, respectively. This screening is the starting point for a HPLC-based activity profiling project in antiprotozoal lead discovery.
Collapse
|
18
|
Malebo HM, Tanja W, Cal M, Swaleh SAM, Omolo MO, Hassanali A, Séquin U, Hamburger M, Brun R, Ndiege IO. Antiplasmodial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-leishmanial and cytotoxicity activity of selected Tanzanian medicinal plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:226-34. [PMID: 20734703 DOI: 10.4314/thrb.v11i4.50194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiplasmodial, anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial activity of 25 plant extracts obtained from seven Tanzanian medicinal plants: Annickia (Enantia) kummeriae (Annonaceae), Artemisia annua (Asteraceae), Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae), Drypetes natalensis (Euphorbiaceae), Acridocarpus chloropterus (Malpighiaceae), Maytenus senegalensis (Celastraceae) and Neurautanenia mitis (Papilonaceae), were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum K1, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB 900 and axenic Leishmania donovani MHOM-ET-67/82. Out of the 25 extracts tested, 17 showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 0.04-5.0 microg/ml), 7 exhibited moderate anti-trypanosomal activity (IC50 2.3-2.8 microg/ml), while 5 displayed mild anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 8.8-9.79 microg/ml). A. kummeriae, A. annua, P. microcarpa, D. natalensis, M. senegalensis and N. mitis extracts had good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 0.04-2.1 microg/ml) and selectivity indices (29.2-2,250 microg/ml). The high antiplasmodial, moderate anti-trypanosomal and mild anti-leishmanial activity make these plants good candidates for bioassay-guided isolation of anti-protozoal compounds which could serve as new lead structures for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Malebo
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
García Barreiro J, Rodriguez A, Cal M, Alvarez A, Martelo Villar F. Treatment of postoperative pain for burn patients with intravenous analgesia in continuous perfusion using elastomeric infusors. Burns 2005; 31:67-71. [PMID: 15639368 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative pain after surgery with patients suffering from burns tends to be moderate or severe, and its treatment requires a combination of high-strength analgesics (opioids) with others having different action mechanisms according to the concept of multimodal analgesia. AIMS In this article we propose the use of continuous intravenous analgesia with morphine using elastomeric infusors at fixed dose for the treatment of this kind of pain. An evaluation is made of its analgesic efficacy, side effects and level of satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study was made of 17 burn patients operated on in our unit who received continuous intravenous analgesia during the postoperative period, with morphine at 1mg/h, using elastomeric infusors for a period of 24h. Its analgesic efficacy was analysed using the visual analogical scale (VAS) at different moments; side effects and the level of acceptance by the patient was also evaluated. RESULTS The results confirm a good analgesic effect after 2h from starting perfusion (VAS < 3). The side effects reveal a similar or lesser incidence to the use of morphine in bolus or using the PCA system, and in no cases did they require treatment to be halted. The level of acceptance of the procedure by patients was good. CONCLUSION This method reveals a high level of analgesic efficacy in the postoperative period with burn patients in this study. However, it is important to note the lower results obtained in the first hours of perfusion, and proposing a heavy initial dose of analgesics when starting perfusion. This is presented as an efficient analgesic method that is easy to apply, has a low cost, and the possibility of extending its indications to ambulatory treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J García Barreiro
- Plastic Surgery and Burn Service, Juan Canalejo University Hospital Complex, Xubias de Arriba S/N, Pol. Adormideras Ed., Torremar de S. Amaro P-18, 15002 La Coruña, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|