1
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Leas DA, Sanford AG, Wu J, Cal M, Kaiser M, Wittlin S, Hemsley RM, Darner EB, Lui LM, Davis PH, Vennerstrom JL. Diaryl Ureas as an Antiprotozoal Chemotype. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1578-1583. [PMID: 33971090 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We now describe the physicochemical profiling, in vitro ADME, and antiparasitic activity of eight N,N'-diarylureas to assess their potential as a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal chemotype. Chromatographic LogD7.4 values ranged from 2.5 to 4.5; kinetic aq. solubilities were ≤6.3 μg/mL, and plasma protein binding ranged from 95 to 99%. All of the compounds had low intrinsic clearance values in human, but not mouse, liver microsomes. Although no N,N'-diarylurea had submicromolar potency against Trypanosoma cruzi, two had submicromolar potencies against Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and five had submicromolar potencies against Leishmania donovani. Plasmodium falciparum appeared to be the most susceptible to growth inhibition by this compound series. Most of the N,N'-diarylureas had antiprotozoal selectivities ≥10. One N,N'-diarylurea had demonstrable activity in mouse models of malaria and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Austin G. Sanford
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jianbo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M. Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Elyssa B. Darner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - LeeAnna M. Lui
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
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2
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Wang X, Cal M, Kaiser M, Buckner FS, Lepesheva GI, Sanford AG, Wallick AI, Davis PH, Vennerstrom JL. A new chemotype with promise against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126778. [PMID: 31706668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyridyl benzamide 2 is a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi, but not other protozoan parasites, and had a selectivity-index of ≥10. The initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicates that benzamide and sulfonamide functional groups, and N-methylpiperazine and sterically unhindered 3-pyridyl substructures are required for high activity against T. cruzi. Compound 2 and its active analogs had low to moderate metabolic stabilities in human and mouse liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederick S Buckner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Galina I Lepesheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Austin G Sanford
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alexander I Wallick
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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3
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Aretz CD, Morwitzer MJ, Sanford AG, Hogan AM, Portillo MV, Kharade SV, Kramer M, McCarthey JB, Trigueros RR, Piermarini PM, Denton JS, Hopkins CR. Discovery and Characterization of 2-Nitro-5-(4-(phenylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)- N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)anilines as Novel Inhibitors of the Aedes aegypti Kir1 ( AeKir1) Channel. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:917-931. [PMID: 30832472 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviral diseases such as Zika, dengue fever, and chikungunya are transmitted to humans by infected adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and affect a large portion of the world's population. The Kir1 channel in Ae. aegypti ( AeKir1) is an important ion channel in the functioning of mosquito Malpighian (renal) tubules and one that can be manipulated in order to disrupt excretory functions in mosquitoes. We have previously reported the discovery of various scaffolds that are active against the AeKir1 channel. Herein we report the synthesis and biological characterization of a new 2-nitro-5-(4-(phenylsulfonyl) piperazin-1-yl)- N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)anilines scaffold as inhibitors of AeKir1. This new scaffold is more potent in vitro compared to the previously reported scaffolds, and the molecules kill mosquito larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sujay V. Kharade
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meghan Kramer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - James B. McCarthey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Peter M. Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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4
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Mccarthey JB, Aretz CD, Morwitzer MD, Sanford AG, Hogan AM, Portillo MV, Kharade SV, Kramer M, Rusconi R, Piermarini PM, Denton JS, Hopkins CR. Discovery and characterization of a novel class of phenylsulfonylpiperazine containing compounds as inhibitors of the
Aedes aegypti
Kir1 (
Ae
Kir1) potassium channel. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.862.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D Aretz
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Melody D Morwitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Austin G Sanford
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Alicia M Hogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Madeline V Portillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
| | - Sujay V Kharade
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Meghan Kramer
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | | | | | - Jerod S Denton
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE
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5
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Sanford AG, Schulze TT, Potluri LP, Hemsley RM, Larson JJ, Judge AK, Zach SJ, Wang X, Charman SA, Vennerstrom JL, Davis PH. Novel Toxoplasma gondii inhibitor chemotypes. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:107-111. [PMID: 29081387 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We profiled three novel T. gondii inhibitors identified from an antimalarial phenotypic high throughput screen (HTS) campaign: styryl 4-oxo-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one KG3, tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran KG7, and benzoquinone hydrazone KG8. These compounds inhibit T. gondii in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 2μM, comparable to that of 0.25 to 1.5μM for the control drug pyrimethamine. KG3 had no measurable cytotoxicity against five mammalian cell lines, whereas KG7 and KG8 inhibited the growth of 2 of 5 cell lines with KG8 being the least selective for T. gondii. None of the compounds were mutagenic in an Ames assay. Experimental gLogD7.4 and calculated PSA values for the three compounds were well within the ranges predicted to be favorable for good ADME, even though each compound had relatively low aqueous solubility. All three compounds were metabolically unstable, especially KG3 and KG7. Multiple IP doses of 5mg/kg KG7 and KG8 increased survival in a T. gondii mouse model. Despite their liabilities, we suggest that these compounds are useful starting points for chemical prospecting, scaffold-hopping, and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sanford
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - T T Schulze
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L P Potluri
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R M Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J J Larson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A K Judge
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S J Zach
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - X Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - J L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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6
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Wu J, Wang C, Leas D, Vargas M, White KL, Shackleford DM, Chen G, Sanford AG, Hemsley RM, Davis PH, Dong Y, Charman SA, Keiser J, Vennerstrom JL. Progress in antischistosomal N,N'-diaryl urea SAR. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:244-248. [PMID: 29317164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Diaryl ureas have recently emerged as a new antischistosomal chemotype. We now describe physicochemical profiling, in vitro ADME, plasma exposure, and ex vivo and in vivo activities against Schistosoma mansoni for twenty new N,N'-diaryl ureas designed primarily to increase aqueous solubility, but also to maximize structural diversity. Replacement of one of the 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl substructures of lead N,N'-diaryl urea 1 with azaheterocycles and benzoic acids, benzamides, or benzonitriles decreased lipophilicity, and in most cases, increased aqueous solubility. There was no clear relationship between lipophilicity and metabolic stability, although all compounds with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-pyridyl substructures were metabolically stable. N,N'-diaryl ureas containing 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-pyridyl, 2,2-difluorobenzodioxole, or 4-benzonitrile substructures had high activity against ex vivo S. mansoni and relatively low cytotoxicity. N,N-diaryl ureas with 3-trifluoromethyl-4-pyridyl and 2,2-difluorobenzodioxole substructures had the highest exposures whereas those with 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl substructures had the best in vivo antischistosomal activities. There was no direct correlation between compound exposure and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chunkai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Derek Leas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mireille Vargas
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gong Chen
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Austin G Sanford
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ryan M Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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7
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Schulze TT, Ali JM, Bartlett ML, McFarland MM, Clement EJ, Won HI, Sanford AG, Monzingo EB, Martens MC, Hemsley RM, Kumar S, Gouin N, Kolok AS, Davis PH. De novo Assembly and Analysis of the Chilean Pencil Catfish Trichomycterus areolatus Transcriptome. J Genomics 2016; 4:29-41. [PMID: 27672404 PMCID: PMC5033730 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomycterus areolatus is an endemic species of pencil catfish that inhabits the riffles and rapids of many freshwater ecosystems of Chile. Despite its unique adaptation to Chile's high gradient watersheds and therefore potential application in the investigation of ecosystem integrity and environmental contamination, relatively little is known regarding the molecular biology of this environmental sentinel. Here, we detail the assembly of the Trichomycterus areolatus transcriptome, a molecular resource for the study of this organism and its molecular response to the environment. RNA-Seq reads were obtained by next-generation sequencing with an Illumina® platform and processed using PRINSEQ. The transcriptome assembly was performed using TRINITY assembler. Transcriptome validation was performed by functional characterization with KOG, KEGG, and GO analyses. Additionally, differential expression analysis highlights sex-specific expression patterns, and a list of endocrine and oxidative stress related transcripts are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Schulze
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ali
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska - Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, United States
| | - Maggie L Bartlett
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Madalyn M McFarland
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Emalie J Clement
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Harim I Won
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Austin G Sanford
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Elyssa B Monzingo
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Matthew C Martens
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Ryan M Hemsley
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Sidharta Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
| | - Nicolas Gouin
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile;; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas, La Serena, Chile;; Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA;; Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, USA
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