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Lee HJ, Kwon YS, Lee JH, Moon YG, Choi J, Hyun M, Tak TK, Kim JH, Heo JD. Pectolinarigenin regulates the tumor-associated proteins in AGS-xenograft BALB/c nude mice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:305. [PMID: 38361124 PMCID: PMC10869406 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectolinarigenin (PEC) is a flavone extracted from Cirsium, and because it has anti-inflammatory properties, anti-cancer research is also being conducted. The objective of this work was to find out if PEC is involved in tumor control and which pathways it regulates in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AGS cell lines were xenografted into BALB/c nude mice to create tumors, and PEC was administered intraperitoneally to see if it was involved in tumor control. Once animal testing was completed, tumor proteins were isolated and identified using LC-MS analysis, and gene ontology of the found proteins was performed. RESULTS Body weight and hematological measurements on the xenograft mice model demonstrated that PEC was not harmful to non-cancerous cells. We found 582 proteins in tumor tissue linked to biological reactions such as carcinogenesis and cell death signaling. PEC regulated 6 out of 582 proteins in vivo and in vitro in the same way. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that PEC therapy may inhibit tumor development in gastric cancer (GC), and proteomic research gives fundamental information about proteins that may have great promise as new therapeutic targets in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jeong Lee
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Kwon
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hong Lee
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Gyu Moon
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kil Tak
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hein Kim
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Bio-Health Research Support Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Piao X, Kim JW, Hyun M, Wang Z, Park SG, Cho IA, Ryu JH, Lee BN, Song JH, Koh JT. Boeravinone B, a natural rotenoid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation through modulating NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. BMB Rep 2023; 56:545-550. [PMID: 37574806 PMCID: PMC10618074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requires novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, we investigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), a natural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhavia diffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsible for bone remodeling. We found that BOB inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function, as determined by TRAP staining and pit formation assay, with no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our results showing that BOB ameliorates ovariectomyinduced bone loss demonstrated that BOB is also effective in vivo. BOB exerted its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, resulting in the suppression of osteoclast-specific gene expression. Further experiments revealed that, at least phenomenologically, BOB promotes osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs but inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that BOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis in vitro by regulating various signaling pathways. These findings suggest that BOB has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 545-550].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Piao
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Suk-Gyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - In A Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Gallagher KJ, Oh K, Hyun M, Jenkins C, Graff B, Schott D, Wisnoskie SB, Lei Y, Hendley S, Rutar F, Wong J, Wang S, Ahmed M, McNeur J, Taylor J, Schmidt M, Dogan SK, Senadheera L, Smith W, Enke CA, Yan Y, Zhou SM. Initial Experience with the Commercial Electron FLASH Research Extension. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S141-S142. [PMID: 37784362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The purpose of this study was to introduce a new commercial electron FLASH system that has the potential to become widely available for FLASH researchers globally. In this study, we first present the initial acceptance and commissioning tests for the FLASH system, and second, we highlight preliminary FLASH effect results from our cell studies. MATERIALS/METHODS A linear accelerator was converted into a commercial research platform with the FLASH Research Extension, enabling the generation of a powerful 16 MeV electron FLASH beam. The dosimetric and stability tests were conducted using various dosimeters (i.e., radiochromic film, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), and a plane-parallel ionization chamber). To evaluate the FLASH effect, normal and cancer cell lines were FLASH irradiated using different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) of 18 pulses/s and 180 pulses/s. RESULTS The electron FLASH mode was able to generate over 1 Gy per pulse at the isocenter and a dose rate of up to 690 Gy/s near the accessory mount of the Linac gantry head. The charge collected by the plane-parallel ionization chamber at the highest PRF (i.e., 180 pulses/s) showed a linear relationship with the delivered number of pulses (i.e., 1 to 99 pulses) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. The absorbed dose measured using radiochromic film and OSLDs agreed within 3%, on average, and followed an inverse square law as the source-to-axis distance (SAD) varied for which the R2 values were 0.9972 and 0.9955 for radiochromic film and OSLDs, respectively. The profile of the FLASH beam was symmetrical but was not as flat as the conventional 16 MeV electron beam due to the use of a thinner custom scattering foil to reduce the degradation of the ultra-high dose rate. The depth-dose curve beyond the build-up region for the FLASH beam was similar to the conventional 16 MeV electron beam for which the range at 50% the maximum dose (R50) agreed within 0.5 mm. The FLASH beam output remained consistent over a 4-month period with a variation of 2.5%, on average. The FLASH sparing effect was observed in vitro for healthy human pancreatic cells. Furthermore, we observed that the highest PRF beam (180 pulses/s) was more effective at destroying pancreatic cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells compared to the lowest PRF beam (18 pulses/s). CONCLUSION The novel commercial FLASH Research Extension system was dosimetrically characterized for pre-clinical FLASH research, and preliminary in vitro results demonstrated the FLASH effect. Given the prevalence of linear accelerators, this new commercial system has the potential to greatly increase the access to FLASH research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Oh
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - M Hyun
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - C Jenkins
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - B Graff
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - D Schott
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Y Lei
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S Hendley
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - F Rutar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - J Wong
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - M Ahmed
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - J McNeur
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - J Taylor
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - M Schmidt
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - S K Dogan
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - W Smith
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - C A Enke
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Y Yan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S M Zhou
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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4
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Oh K, Gallagher KJ, Schott D, Wisnoskie SB, Lei Y, Hendley S, Wang S, Graff B, Jenkins C, Hyun M, Granatowicz A, Schmidt M, Smith W, McNeur J, Baine M, Enke CA, Yan Y, Zhou SM. Commissioning and Initial Validation of Commercial Treatment Planning System for the Electron FLASH Research Extension. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e702-e703. [PMID: 37786060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of commissioning the 16 MeV electron FLASH beam in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) for pre-clinical research purposes. The delivery system consisted of a new commercial solution for which a linear accelerator was modified into a FLASH Research Extension platform. Additionally, preliminary radiation biology results were highlighted to showcase the future use of this system. MATERIALS/METHODS To commission a commercial electron Monte Carlo (MC) for dose calculation of a 16 MeV FLASH beam in the TPS, radiochromic film was used to measure the vendor-required beam data, e.g., profiles and percent depth dose (PDD) curves for cone sizes of 6 × 6 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 15 × 15 cm2 as well as an in-air profile for a 40 × 40 cm2 open field (no cone). Once the electron MC beam model was generated, additional measurements were collected for validation and compared against the calculated dose from the TPS. A treatment planning comparison between the newly commissioned FLASH beam and the conventional electron beam was conducted. Specifically, the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for target volumes and organs at risk were investigated for skin cancer cases previously treated with conventional electron beams. Lastly, the FLASH dose distribution predicted by the electron MC for an in vitro cell study setup was validated with radiochromic film measurements, and initial radiobiology tests were conducted using FLASH and conventional dose-rate electron beams. RESULTS The electron MC calculated dose for the 16 MeV electron FLASH beam agreed with measured PDDs within 1% for all field sizes. The beam profile characteristics, such as penumbra, shape, and full width at half maximum, demonstrated good agreement with less than 0.5 mm difference between the TPS and measurements. There were noticeable differences in the profiles of large fields between the FLASH and conventional dose-rate beam models due to the more forward-peaked FLASH beam. For treatment planning, Regarding DVH, the FLASH dose-rate plan provided comparable plan quality to the conventional dose-rate plan, achieving adequate coverage for the target volumes and sparing the healthy organs and tissues. The electron MC dose prediction for the FLASH beam was also found to be in good agreement with the film measurements of the in vitro cell study setup. Furthermore, the FLASH beam was observed to be more effective with a 20 % increase in killing pancreatic cancer cells compared to the conventional dose rate. CONCLUSION The study successfully incorporated the 16 MeV electron FLASH Research Extension into the commercial TPS using electron Monte Carlo for dose calculation. This will be valuable for pre-clinical cell and animal studies. This research also enables FLASH treatment planning studies, a key component for the future implementation of FLASH into clinical care. Further research is necessary to incorporate the radiation biology effect of FLASH into the treatment planning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oh
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - D Schott
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Y Lei
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S Hendley
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - B Graff
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - C Jenkins
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - M Hyun
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - M Schmidt
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - W Smith
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - J McNeur
- Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
| | - M Baine
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - C A Enke
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Y Yan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - S M Zhou
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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5
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Hyun M, Kim H, Kim J, Lee J, Lee HJ, Rathor L, Meier J, Larner A, Lee SM, Moon Y, Choi J, Han SM, Heo JD. Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress via mitochondrial STAT3 signaling in human prostate stromal cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:157. [PMID: 36750754 PMCID: PMC9905543 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin protects against Cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that causes adverse health effects by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Cd exposure reduces the levels of mitochondrially-localized signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mitoSTAT3) using human prostate stromal cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Melatonin enhances mitoSTAT3 abundance following Cd exposure, which is required to attenuate ROS damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death caused by Cd exposure. Moreover, melatonin increases mitochondrial levels of GRIM-19, an electron transport chain component that mediates STAT3 import into mitochondria, which are downregulated by Cd. In vivo, melatonin reverses the reduced size of mouse prostate tissue and levels of mitoSTAT3 and GRIM-19 induced by Cd exposure. Together, these data suggest that melatonin regulates mitoSTAT3 function to prevent Cd-induced cytotoxicity and could preserve mitochondrial function during Cd-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Hyun
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Jehein Kim
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhong Lee
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jeremy Meier
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Division of Hematology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Andrew Larner
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Seon Min Lee
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongyu Moon
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Park Y, Gaddy M, Hyun M, Jones ME, Aslam HM, Lee MH. Genetic and Chemical Controls of Sperm Fate and Spermatocyte Dedifferentiation via PUF-8 and MPK-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030434. [PMID: 36766775 PMCID: PMC9913519 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the nematode C. elegans germline as a model system, we previously reported that PUF-8 (a PUF RNA-binding protein) and LIP-1 (a dual-specificity phosphatase) repress sperm fate at 20 °C and the dedifferentiation of spermatocytes into mitotic cells (termed "spermatocyte dedifferentiation") at 25 °C. Thus, double mutants lacking both PUF-8 and LIP-1 produce excess sperm at 20 °C, and their spermatocytes return to mitotically dividing cells via dedifferentiation at 25 °C, resulting in germline tumors. To gain insight into the molecular competence for spermatocyte dedifferentiation, we compared the germline phenotypes of three mutant strains that produce excess sperm-fem-3(q20gf), puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf), and puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15). Spermatocyte dedifferentiation was not observed in fem-3(q20gf) mutants, but it was more severe in puf-8(q725); lip-1(zh15) than in puf-8(q725); fem-3(q20gf) mutants. These results suggest that MPK-1 (the C. elegans ERK1/2 MAPK ortholog) activation in the absence of PUF-8 is required to promote spermatocyte dedifferentiation. This idea was confirmed using Resveratrol (RSV), a potential activator of MPK-1 and ERK1/2 in C. elegans and human cells, respectively. Notably, spermatocyte dedifferentiation was significantly enhanced by RSV treatment in the absence of PUF-8, and its effect was blocked by mpk-1 RNAi. We, therefore, conclude that PUF-8 and MPK-1 are essential regulators for spermatocyte dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis. Since these regulators are broadly conserved, we suggest that similar regulatory circuitry may control cellular dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis in other organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyong Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Matthew Gaddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariah E. Jones
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Hafiz M. Aslam
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Myon Hee Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Correspondence:
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Squizzato F, Hyun M, Sen I, D’Oria M, Bower T, Oderich G. Predictors of Long-Term Aortic Growth and Disease Progression in Patients With Aortic Dissection, Intramural Hematoma, and Penetrating Aortic Ulcer. J Vasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Lee HJ, Lee JH, Lee SM, Kim NH, Moon YG, Tak TK, Hyun M, Heo JD. Cadmium induces cytotoxicity in normal mouse renal MM55.K cells. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:131-140. [PMID: 32191530 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1739236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of cadmium (Cd) occurs through accumulation in the environment. The precise mechanism underlying Cd toxicity remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we studied the effects of Cd on MM55.K cells and investigated the mechanisms underlying Cd-induced cell death. CdCl2 significantly elevated apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, and caspase-dependent cell death. Moreover, immunoblotting results revealed that CdCl2 down-regulated the inhibitor of apoptotic protein such as survivin and Bcl-2 which led to the activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP in MM55.K cells. Besides, CdCl2 caused the up-regulation of ROS-related proteins such as HO-1 and ER stress-related proteins such as GRP78 and CHOP in MM55.K cells. CdCl2 toxicity resulted in the down-regulation of the AKT pathway that leads to the up-regulation of phosphorylated JNK and p38 in MM55.K cells. Thus, CdCl2 induce toxicity by AKT/MAPK regulation and causing ROS production, ER stress, ΔΨm loss, and apoptotic cell death in normal mouse renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jeong Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hong Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Gyu Moon
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kil Tak
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
All females adopt an evolutionary conserved reproduction strategy; under unfavorable conditions such as scarcity of food or mates, oocytes remain quiescent. However, the signals to maintain oocyte quiescence are largely unknown. Here, we report that in four different species - Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis remanei, Drosophila melanogaster, and Danio rerio - octopamine and norepinephrine play an essential role in maintaining oocyte quiescence. In the absence of mates, the oocytes of Caenorhabditis mutants lacking octopamine signaling fail to remain quiescent, but continue to divide and become polyploid. Upon starvation, the egg chambers of D. melanogaster mutants lacking octopamine signaling fail to remain at the previtellogenic stage, but grow to full-grown egg chambers. Upon starvation, D. rerio lacking norepinephrine fails to maintain a quiescent primordial follicle and activates an excessive number of primordial follicles. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved function of the noradrenergic signal in maintaining quiescent oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Kim
- grid.202119.90000 0001 2364 8385Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212 South Korea
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA ,grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Present Address: Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeongsangnam-do, 52834 South Korea
| | - Masahiko Hibi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Young-Jai You
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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10
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Cantwell MT, Farrar JS, Lownik JC, Meier JA, Hyun M, Raje V, Waters MR, Celi FS, Conrad DH, Harris TE, Larner AC. STAT3 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the induction phase of primary Myf5+ brown adipogenesis. Cytokine 2018; 111:434-444. [PMID: 29934048 PMCID: PMC6289720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic fat is a promising target for new therapies in diabetes and obesity. Understanding how thermogenic fat develops is important to develop rational strategies to treat obesity. Previously, we have shown that Tyk2 and STAT3, part of the JAK-STAT pathway, are necessary for proper development of classical brown fat. Using primary preadipocytes isolated from newborn mice we demonstrate that STAT3 is required for differentiation and robust expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1). We also confirm that STAT3 is necessary during the early induction stage of differentiation and is dispensable during the later terminal differentiation stage. The inability of STAT3-/- preadipocytes to differentiate can be rescued using Wnt ligand secretion inhibitors when applied during the induction stage. Through chemical inhibition and RNAi, we show that it is the canonical β-catenin pathway that is responsible for the block in differentiation; inhibition or knockdown of β-catenin can fully rescue adipogenesis and UCP1 expression in the STAT3-/- adipocytes. During the induction stage, Wnts 1, 3a, and 10b have increased expression in the STAT3-/- adipocytes, potentially explaining the increased levels and activity of β-catenin. Our results for the first time point towards an interaction between the JAK/STAT pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the early stages of in-vitro adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Cantwell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jared S Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph C Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy A Meier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Daniel H Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Andrew C Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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11
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Hyun M. Concurrent use of prescription drugs and herbal medicinal products in patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Meier JA, Hyun M, Cantwell M, Raza A, Mertens C, Raje V, Sisler J, Tracy E, Torres-Odio S, Gispert S, Shaw PE, Baumann H, Bandyopadhyay D, Takabe K, Larner AC. Stress-induced dynamic regulation of mitochondrial STAT3 and its association with cyclophilin D reduce mitochondrial ROS production. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaag2588. [PMID: 28351946 PMCID: PMC5502128 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with various physiological and pathological functions, mainly as a transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus upon tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cytokine stimulation. In addition, a small pool of STAT3 resides in the mitochondria, where it serves as a sensor for various metabolic stressors including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially localized STAT3 largely exerts its effects through direct or indirect regulation of the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). It has been assumed that the amounts of STAT3 in the mitochondria are static. We showed that various stimuli, including oxidative stress and cytokines, triggered a signaling cascade that resulted in a rapid loss of mitochondrially localized STAT3. Recovery of the mitochondrial pool of STAT3 over time depended on phosphorylation of Ser727 in STAT3 and new protein synthesis. Under these conditions, mitochondrially localized STAT3 also became competent to bind to cyclophilin D (CypD). Binding of STAT3 to CypD was mediated by the amino terminus of STAT3, which was also important for reducing mitochondrial ROS production after oxidative stress. These results outline a role for mitochondrially localized STAT3 in sensing and responding to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Meier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Marc Cantwell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Claudia Mertens
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer Sisler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter E Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Andrew C Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Kim J, Lee HY, Ahn J, Hyun M, Lee I, Min KJ, You YJ. NHX-5, an Endosomal Na+/H+ Exchanger, Is Associated with Metformin Action. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18591-9. [PMID: 27435670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.744037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most impactful diseases worldwide. The most commonly prescribed anti-diabetic drug is metformin. In this study, we identified an endosomal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) as a new potential target of metformin from an unbiased screen in Caenorhabditis elegans The same NHE homolog also exists in flies, where it too mediates the effects of metformin. Our results suggest that endosomal NHEs could be a metformin target and provide an insight into a novel mechanism of action of metformin on regulating the endocytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jheesoo Ahn
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Inhwan Lee
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Young-Jai You
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and the Nagoya Research Center for Brain & Neural Circuits, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Hyun M, Labby Z, DeWerd L. TH-AB-201-11: Small-Field Beam Quality Corrections and Their Clinical Impact for Flattened and Unflattened Fields of the TrueBeam. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Hyun M, Choi S, Stevnsner T, Ahn B. The Caenorhabditis elegans Werner syndrome protein participates in DNA damage checkpoint and DNA repair in response to CPT-induced double-strand breaks. Cell Signal 2015; 28:214-223. [PMID: 26691982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The RecQ helicases play roles in maintenance of genomic stability in species ranging from Escherichia coli to humans and interact with proteins involved in DNA metabolic pathways such as DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Our previous studies found that the Caenorhabditis elegans WRN-1 RecQ protein (a human WRN ortholog) exhibits ATP-dependent 3'-5' helicase activity and that the WRN-1 helicase is stimulated by RPA-1 on a long forked DNA duplex. However, the role of WRN-1 in response to S-phase associated with DSBs is unclear. We found that WRN-1 is involved in the checkpoint response to DSBs after CPT, inducing cell cycle arrest, is recruited to DSBs by RPA-1 and functions upstream of ATL-1 and ATM-1 for CHK-1 phosphorylation in the S-phase checkpoint. In addition, WRN-1 and RPA-1 recruitments to the DSBs require MRE-11, suggesting that DSB processing controlled by MRE-11 is important for WRN-1 at DSBs. The repair of CPT-induced DSBs is greatly reduced in the absence of WRN-1. These observations suggest that WRN-1 functions downstream of RPA-1 and upstream of CHK-1 in the DSB checkpoint pathway and is also required for the repair of DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Byungchan Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hyun M, Choi B, Seo H, Lee E, Choi S, Xu S, Ngow H, Lee J, Lee K, Kim J, Lee S, Na J, Choi C, Lim H, Kim J, Rha S, Kim E, Park C, Oh D. Risk of increased insulin resistance with statin therapy for non-dyslipidemic asians. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Hyun M, DeWerd L. WE-AB-BRB-07: Alanine and Monte Carlo Determined Beam Quality Corrections for Nonstandard Fields of the Varian TrueBeam Accelerator. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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18
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Lee EY, Kim GT, Hyun M, Kim S, Seok S, Choi R, Lee MY, Chung CH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activation ameliorates albuminuria by preventing nephrin loss and restoring podocyte integrity in Type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:4069-79. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hyun M, Park S, Kim E, Kim DH, Lee SJ, Koo HS, Seo YS, Ahn B. Physical and functional interactions of Caenorhabditis elegans WRN-1 helicase with RPA-1. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1336-45. [PMID: 22257160 DOI: 10.1021/bi200791p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans Werner syndrome protein, WRN-1, a member of the RecQ helicase family, has a 3'-5' DNA helicase activity. Worms with defective wrn-1 exhibit premature aging phenotypes and an increased level of genome instability. In response to DNA damage, WRN-1 participates in the initial stages of checkpoint activation in concert with C. elegans replication protein A (RPA-1). WRN-1 helicase is stimulated by RPA-1 on long DNA duplex substrates. However, the mechanism by which RPA-1 stimulates DNA unwinding and the function of the WRN-1-RPA-1 interaction are not clearly understood. We have found that WRN-1 physically interacts with two RPA-1 subunits, CeRPA73 and CeRPA32; however, full-length WRN-1 helicase activity is stimulated by only the CeRPA73 subunit, while the WRN-1(162-1056) fragment that harbors the helicase activity requires both the CeRPA73 and CeRPA32 subunits for the stimulation. We also found that the CeRPA73(1-464) fragment can stimulate WRN-1 helicase activity and that residues 335-464 of CeRPA73 are important for physical interaction with WRN-1. Because CeRPA73 and the CeRPA73(1-464) fragment are able to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), the stimulation of WRN-1 helicase by RPA-1 is most likely due to the ssDNA binding activity of CeRPA73 and the direct interaction of WRN-1 and CeRPA73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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20
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Lim S, Lee K, Joo Y, Lee W, Yoon S, Sohn S, Bae S, Hyun M, Kim H, Eom H. The importance of imatinib dose intensity in imatinib plus combination chemotherapy in newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Lee K, Kim M, Hyun M, Song H, Kim J, Park K, Lee W, Cho Y, Bae S, Ryoo H. Cancer pain management with hydromorphone OROS in Korean cancer patients: Evaluation of its clinical usefulness in reduction of breakthrough pain medication frequency: Multicenter, prospective, open-label study. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e19566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Min Y, Cheong J, Kim H, Lee K, Yoon S, Lee J, Park H, Kim H, Shim H, Seung C, Kim C, Chung J, Hyun M, Jo D, Jung C. P102 A multi-center, open label study evaluating the efficacy of iron chelation therapy with deferasirox in transfusional iron overload patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or aplastic anemia using quantitative R2 MRI. Leuk Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(09)70183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The highly conserved RecQ helicases are essential for the maintenance of genomic stability. Werner syndrome protein, WRN, is one of five human RecQ helicase homologues, and a deficiency of the protein causes a hereditary premature aging disorder that is characterized by genomic instability. A WRN orthologue, wrn-1 lacking the exonuclease domain, has been identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. wrn-1(RNAi) in C. elegans has a shortened life span, increased sensitivity to DNA damage, and accelerated aging phenotypes. However, little is known about its enzymatic activity. We purified the recombinant C. elegans WRN-1 protein (CeWRN-1) and then investigated its substrate specificity in vitro to improve our understanding of its function in vivo. We found that CeWRN-1 is an ATP-dependent 3'-5' helicase capable of unwinding a variety of DNA structures such as forked duplexes, Holliday junctions, bubble substrates, D-loops, and flap duplexes, and 3'-tailed duplex substrates. Distinctly, CeWRN-1 is able to unwind a long forked duplex compared to human WRN. Furthermore, CeWRN-1 helicase activity on a long DNA duplex is stimulated by C. elegans replication protein A (CeRPA) that is shown to interact with CeWRN-1 by a dot blot. The ability of CeWRN-1 to unwind these DNA structures may improve the access for DNA repair and replication proteins that are important for preventing the accumulation of abnormal structures, contributing to genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680749, Korea
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24
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Hyun M, Lee J, Lee K, May A, Bohr VA, Ahn B. Longevity and resistance to stress correlate with DNA repair capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:1380-9. [PMID: 18203746 PMCID: PMC2275101 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is an important mechanism by which cells maintain genomic integrity. Decline in DNA repair capacity or defects in repair factors are thought to contribute to premature aging in mammals. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a good model for studying longevity and DNA repair because of key advances in understanding the genetics of aging in this organism. Long-lived C. elegans mutants have been identified and shown to be resistant to oxidizing agents and UV irradiation, suggesting a genetically determined correlation between DNA repair capacity and life span. In this report, gene-specific DNA repair is compared in wild-type C. elegans and stress-resistant C. elegans mutants for the first time. DNA repair capacity is higher in long-lived C. elegans mutants than in wild-type animals. In addition, RNAi knockdown of the nucleotide excision repair gene xpa-1 increased sensitivity to UV and reduced the life span of long-lived C. elegans mutants. These findings support that DNA repair capacity correlates with longevity in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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Kim M, Lee K, Hyun M, Do Y, Song H, Kim J, Baek J, Bae S, Ryoo H, Park K. Palliative chemotherapy preferences and factors that influence patient choice in advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
16010 Background: We conducted this prospective study to determine the treatment preference of patients receiving chemotherapy in a palliative setting. We investigated the survival threshold for justifying toxicity, the factors influencing individual preference for chemotherapy, and the attitude of patients towards randomized trials. Methods: 138 patients (median age, 58 years; 73% male) with advanced cancer who had received at least one cycle of palliative chemotherapy were recruited. General demographic information, patient preferences for palliative chemotherapy, and randomized trials were determined using structured patient interviews. Results: The median age was 58 years (range, 25–77 years), and the majority of the study population were male (73%). 73 patients (60.1%) answered that they had some support by dependents. Fewer than half were given information about the impact of their chemotherapy on survival (n = 64, 48.1%), and just over one third of patients (n = 53, 40.5%) were presented with an alternative to anticancer therapy, such as supportive care (p < 0.001). While 75.7% of patients agreed to receive chemotherapy with mild toxicity, only 57.9% of patients agreed to chemotherapy with severe toxicity (p = 0.002). The median survival threshold was 12 months for mild toxicity, and 21 months for severe toxicity. Patients who experienced improvement of symptoms or quality of life were more likely to judge the treatment as acceptable. 105 patients (78.4%) refused a clinical trial with randomization between a conventional chemotherapy and supportive care. There were 85 patients (62.6%) that would refuse randomization between conventional chemotherapy and investigational chemotherapy. Finally, 58.6% of patients agreed to participate in trials with investigational agents. Conclusions: In the palliative setting, a discussion of prognosis and the merits of chemotherapy is a necessary part of the treatment decision-making processes, and choosing the proper treatment for cancer patients. Individual preferences assume greater importance in this setting. Randomized trials must be carefully designed with a priori equipoise. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kim
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K. Lee
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - M. Hyun
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Do
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Song
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Baek
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Bae
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Ryoo
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K. Park
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Kyoungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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Bae S, Ryoo H, Kim K, Hyun D, Lee S, Yei J, Bae J, Yun S, Lee K, Hyun M. P-192 Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with paclitaxel followed by paclitaxel and carboplatin consolidation in patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XPF) protein is a structure-specific endonuclease in a complex with ERCC1 and is essential for nucleotide excision repair (NER). We report a single cDNA of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) encoding highly similar protein to human XPF and other XPF members. We propose to name the corresponding C. elegans gene xpf. Messenger RNA for C. elegans xpf is 5'-tagged with a SL2 splice leader, suggesting an operon-like expression for xpf. Using RNAi, we showed that loss of C. elegans xpf function caused hypersensitivity to ultra-violet (UV) irradiation, as observed in enhanced germ cell apoptosis and increased embryonic lethality. This study suggests that C. elegans xpf is conserved in evolution and plays a role in the repair of UV-damaged DNA in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Park
- Department of Microbiology and Genetic Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
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Ryoo HM, Bae SH, Lee HI, Lee JL, Lee KH, Hyun M, Park KU. Oxaliplatin, UFT and oral leucovorin combination chemotherapy in 5-fluorouracil refractory colorectal carcinoma: A phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H.-M. Ryoo
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S. H. Bae
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - H. I. Lee
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. L. Lee
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K. H. Lee
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - M. Hyun
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - K. U. Park
- Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Daegu Catholic Univ Hospital, Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea; YeungNam Univ Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Dong Guk Univ Hospital, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize whether adult depressives with either bipolar or unipolar disorder differ in the prevalence of childhood sexual or physical abuse. METHOD The investigators reviewed data from patients who were evaluated over a 2-year period by a semi-structured clinical interview. In total, 333 cases with a bipolar or unipolar diagnosis were included in the present study. RESULTS A childhood history of abuse, in particular sexual abuse, was significantly more frequent in bipolar subjects compared with unipolar subjects. Consistent with previous studies, women reported higher rates of sexual abuse than men, although no interaction by diagnosis was shown. Sexual abuse incidence in male samples was markedly dissimilar, with male bipolar subjects demonstrating a significantly increased rate of sexual abuse and combined sexual and physical abuse compared with unipolar male subjects. CONCLUSION The increased incidence of sexual abuse in women supports growing evidence of gender differences in sexual abuse among adult depressives. In contrast to literature reports, the finding that male bipolar patients have significantly increased rates of sexual abuse histories suggests differences in psychiatric depressive subgroups. This result may reflect the particular characteristics of our cohort (treatment resistant, privately insured, and educated). Further work will aid in characterizing sexual abuse prevalence in other male bipolar samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hyun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Anxiety and Depression, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA
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30
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Benari B, Kiat H, Erel J, Hyun M, Wang FP, Williams C, Friedman JD, Germano G, Van Train KF, Berman D. Repeatability of treadmill exercise ejection fraction and wall motion using technetium 99m-labeled sestamibi first-pass radionuclide ventriculography. J Nucl Cardiol 1995; 2:478-84. [PMID: 9420829 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-3581(05)80039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peak treadmill exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) with technetium 99m has recently been validated for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, the repeatability of this technique for determination of both LVEF and regional wall motion has not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Each of 27 clinically stable patients underwent two treadmill exercise RVG studies within 40 +/- 51 days. The level of exercise achieved in the two tests was similar (double product: 26,357 +/- 3877 vs 26,621 +/- 4287), and there was no change in clinical or treatment status between the studies. Acquisition and processing were accomplished with a mobile multicrystal camera and a new version of a commercial software (Scinticor SIM 400 V. 4.1 BETA, Milwaukee, Wis.) that uses two left ventricular regions of interest. The two tests were compared to assess agreement (repeatability) on both an automatically calculated LVEF and wall motion in five left ventricular segments (basal anterior, distal anterior, apical, distal inferior, and basal inferior), with a 3-point semiquantitative visual score. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements (reproducibility) also were assessed on quantitative exercise LVEF derived from the same RVG test from a separate group of 20 patients with a broad range of exercise LVEF. The first and second treadmill exercise LVEFs were highly correlated (r = 0.92, SEE = 3.96, y = 0.97x + 0.58; and r = 0.99, SEE = 1.32, y = 0.99x + 0.25, respectively). Results of segmental visual score agreement between the first and the second treadmill first-pass studies were as follows: overall, 86% (116/135, kappa = 0.74); basal anterior, 85% (23/27, kappa = 0.72); distal anterior, 85% (23/27, kappa = 0.84); apical, 93% (25/27, kappa = 0.85); distal inferior, 93% (25/27, kappa = 0.80); and basal inferior, 67% (18/27, kappa = 0.64). CONCLUSION Treadmill exercise first-pass RVG is a highly repeatable and reproducible test for quantitative LVEF and visual regional wall motion analysis. Our results imply the procedure may be useful for serial follow-up of patients with coronary artery disease and for the evaluation of the efficacy of medical or interventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Benari
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Friedman JD, Berman DS, Kiat H, Bietendorf J, Hyun M, Van Train KF, Wang FP. Rest and treadmill exercise first-pass radionuclide ventriculography: validation of left ventricular ejection fraction measurements. J Nucl Cardiol 1994; 1:382-8. [PMID: 9420721 DOI: 10.1007/bf02939959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the accuracy of rest and treadmill exercise first-pass radionuclide ventriculographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 40 patients underwent treadmill exercise first-pass and bicycle exercise equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. To determine the frequency of technically adequate treadmill exercise first-pass studies, an additional 128 consecutive patients undergoing treadmill exercise first-pass procedures during stress 99mTc-labeled sestamibi myocardial perfusion studies were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS The treadmill exercise first-pass procedure used a multicrystal camera and an 241Am point source to allow for correction of patient motion. Excellent correlations were observed between resting first-pass and resting equilibrium LVEF (r = 0.91; standard error of the estimate = 5.6). A high correlation was also observed between treadmill exercise first-pass and bicycle equilibrium exercise LVEF measurements (r = 0.85, standard error of the estimate = 7.6). Treadmill first-pass LVEF systematically underestimated the bicycle equilibrium LVEF. Intraobserver agreement for rest and exercise first-pass LVEF was high (r values of 0.98 and 0.94, respectively). Of the 168 consecutive treadmill exercise first-pass studies evaluated for technical adequacy, 21 (12.5%) were deemed technically inadequate, with most of the sources of error being avoidable. The frequency of technically adequate studies was as high (87%) in high levels of exercise (Bruce stages 3 and 4) as in lower levels (88%). The findings of this study validate the first-pass treadmill exercise LVEF measurement. CONCLUSION This procedure now provides the option for combining the information of peak treadmill exercise LVEF with measurements of exercise myocardial perfusion from the same injection of radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Friedman
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Prigent FM, Hyun M, Berman DS, Rozanski A. Effect of motion on thallium-201 SPECT studies: a simulation and clinical study. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:1845-50. [PMID: 8229222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patient motion on 201Tl SPECT studies has been reported as a source of artifacts, systematic studies on motion patterns and resultant artifacts are lacking. Accordingly, we simulated 74 motion patterns upon a normal study. The tomograms were assessed for presence of defects: The "motion pixel area index" ranged from 1 to 83; 26 of 30 (87%) simulations with an index > or = 21 had defects, whereas 38 of 44 (86%) simulations with an index < 21 were normal. Defect location was dependent on motion direction; defect intensity was dependent on its magnitude and timing. Review of data acquisition in 164 recent normal patient studies revealed motion in 42 (26%). Motion was generally minimal and caused defects in only seven (4%). Thus, mild motion is unlikely to produce defects. In our laboratory, motion is now an infrequent source of artifacts; severe motion produces recognizable patterns that depend on its direction, magnitude and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Prigent
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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