1
|
Abdullah Malik M, Sohail Sajid M, Khalifah Al-Akeel R, Aizaz Alvi M, Muhammad Rizwan H, Abbas H, Maqbool M. Stegomyia indices and pattern recognition of Aedes aegypti ( Diptera: Culicidae) in selected agrogeoclimatic zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103919. [PMID: 38223132 PMCID: PMC10787296 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases especially, dengue is gaining currency nowadays in Pakistan. As there is no approved dengue vaccine available worldwide, prevention and control of vector is the only solution amid prevailing circumstances. The present study is a maiden attempt to screen indoor and outdoor breeding containers for the presence of Aedes (Ae.) aegypti larvae from selected study districts of Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Dera Ghazi Khan (DG Khan), Chakwal, and Faisalabad. A total of 384 houses from each study districts were surveyed for a calendar year. Mosquito larvae were collected, preserved, and identified using standard taxonomic keys. House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI) were estimated. Chi-square analysis was applied to calculate the association between Ae. aegypti larvae and breeding containers. Chakwal was identified with the highest values of Stegomyia indices (HI = 46.61 %, BI = 91.67 %, and CI = 15.28 %) followed by Faisalabad (HI = 34.11 %, BI = 68.75 % and, CI = 13.04 %) and DG Khan (HI = 28.39 %, BI = 68.23 % and, CI = 11.29 %). Earthen jars, tree holes, and water tanks were found significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the abundance of larvae irrespective of the geographical location. However, flower tubs and plastic buckets were found significantly (p < 0.05) associated in Faisalabad and Chakwal while, tyres and plastic bottles were found associated (p < 0.05) with the abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae in Faisalabad and DG Khan. These findings will help the stakeholders to devise appropriate preventive measures in combating the risk of dengue transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah Malik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haider Abbas
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahvish Maqbool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sajid MS, Iqbal A, Rizwan HM, Naz S, Maqbool M, Malik MA, Jawad-ul-Hassan M. Epidemiology and therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic pyrethroid against Haematopinus tuberculatus (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae) in Bubalus bubalis. J HELL VET MED SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.27120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lice (Insecta: Pthiraptera) are common ectoparasite of buffalos (Bubalis bubalis) causing huge economic loss. An epidemiological survey was conducted in selected tehsils (administrative division) of Faisalabad district to determine the prevalence of lice infestation and the efficacy of cypermethrin (CYP) against lice infestation in buffalos. To determine the efficacy of CYP, 40 lice-infested buffaloes were divided into two groups i.e. drug-treated group and control group (each group contains 20 animals). Cypermethrin drug was used as pour-on at day 0 and lice counts were conducted on days 0, 7, 21, 35, 49, and 63 from predilection sites of each animal. Only one species of sucking louse Haematopinus tuberculatus was found in buffalo population of Faisalabad district. The overall prevalence of lice infestation was 37.76%. The variable like age and sex showed significant (P<0.05) variation of lice infestation while breed showed insignificant variation. Among extrinsic factors, seasons, floor pattern, and feeding system showed significant association (P<0.05) with lice infestation, while animal keeping as free or tethered and tehsils showed an insignificant association. On day 7, 100% effective results were obtained while 99.6% at day 21 and 100% from day 35 till day 63. No clinical adverse reaction was observed during this trial and cypermethrin was found efficacious. Based on these results it can be concluded that cypermethrin is an effective drug against lice infestation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Badar SN, Iqbal Z, Sajid MS, Rizwan HM, Shareef M, Malik MA, Khan MN. Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e001221. [PMID: 34076046 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nadeem Badar
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Rawalpindi Division, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,One Health Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, subcampus UVAS Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malik MA, Inam H, Martins RS, Janjua MBN, Zahid N, Khan S, Sattar AK, Khan S, Haider AH, Enam SA. Workplace mistreatment and mental health in female surgeons in Pakistan. BJS Open 2021; 5:6284043. [PMID: 34037208 PMCID: PMC8152181 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite workplace mistreatment, which includes harassment, bullying and gender discrimination(GD)/bias, being serious problems for female surgeons, there are limited data from lower–middle-income countries like Pakistan. This study explored harassment and GD/bias experienced by female surgeons in Pakistan, and the effects of these experiences on mental health and well-being. Methods A nationwide survey was conducted between July and September 2019 in collaboration with the Association of Women Surgeons of Pakistan, an organization consisting of female surgeons and trainees in Pakistan. An anonymous online survey was emailed directly, disseminated via social media platforms (such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram), and sent to surgical programmes in Pakistan. Results A total of 146 women surgeons responded to the survey; 67.1 per cent were trainees and the rest attending surgeons. Overall, 57.5 per cent of surgeons reported experiencing harassment, most common being verbal (64.0 per cent) and mental (45.9 per cent), but this mostly went unreported (91.5 per cent). On multivariable analysis adjusted for age and specialty, workplace harassment (odds ratio 2.02 (95 per cent c.i. 1.09 to 4.45)) and bullying (odds ratio 5.14 (95 per cent c.i. 2.00–13.17)) were significantly associated with severe self-perceived burnout, while having a support system was protective against feelings of depression (odds ratio 0.35 (95 per cent c.i. 0.16 to 0.74)). The overwhelming majority (91.3 per cent) believed that more institutional support groups were needed to help surgeons with stress reduction (78.8 per cent), receiving mentorship (74.7 per cent) and work–life balance (67.8 per cent). Conclusion Workplace mistreatment, in particular harassment and bullying, has a damaging impact on the mental well-being of female surgeons, particularly trainees. The absence of support groups in Pakistan should be urgently addressed so that surgeons, especially trainees, may cope better with potentially harmful workplace stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Inam
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - R S Martins
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M B N Janjua
- Department of Surgery, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A K Sattar
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A H Haider
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S A Enam
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malik IA, Huang H, Wang Y, Wang X, Xiao C, Sun Y, Ullah R, Zhang Y, Wang J, Malik MA, Ahmed I, Xiong C, Finizio S, Kläui M, Gao P, Wang J, Zhang J. Inhomogeneous-strain-induced magnetic vortex cluster in one-dimensional manganite wire. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:201-207. [PMID: 36659173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valance manganites with strong electron correlation exhibit strong potential for spintronics, where emergent magnetic behaviors, such as propagation of high-frequency spin waves and giant topological Hall Effects can be driven by their mesoscale spin textures. Here, we create magnetic vortex clusters with flux closure spin configurations in single-crystal La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 wire. A distinctive transformation from out-of-plane domains to a vortex state is directly visualized using magnetic force microscopy at 4 K in wires when the width is below 1.0 μm. The phase-field modeling indicates that the inhomogeneous strain, accompanying with shape anisotropy, plays a key role for stabilizing the flux-closure spin structure. This work offers a new perspective for understanding and manipulating the non-trivial spin textures in strongly correlated systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics & Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cui Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanwei Sun
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | - Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changmin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Simone Finizio
- Department of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany; Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Department of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany; Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics & Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malik MA, Sharma G, Ganga KP, Sharma S. P89 Role of inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis and its correlation with atrial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac MRI. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehz872.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
ICMR
Aims
Association of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Association of Atrial Fibrillation with inflammation is well delineated in nonvalvular AF as compared to Rheumatic AF. This study evaluated the presence of atrial inflammation, in patients with AF and rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), using cardiac MRI and its correlation with inflammatory markers.
Methods and Results
Twenty RHD patients with predominant mitral stenosis were recruited for the study. Ten patients had persistent AF, three had paroxysmal AF and seven were in sinus rhythm. Patients with AF had lower mitral valve areas. Cardiac MRI showed evidence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the atrial wall in 61.54% (8/13) of patients with AF as compared with only 20% (1/5; p < 0.05) of patients in sinus rhythm. Mean levels of IL-6 were also significantly higher in patients with AF (10.62 ± 5.92 pg/mL versus 4.37 ± 2.68 pg/mL; P= 0.017). IL6 with a cutoff of ≥ 6.5 pg/mL was associated with a sensitivity of 76.92 % and specificity of 71.43 % for prediction of AF. There was also significant association between high IL-6 levels and LGE on MRI (13.13 ± 5.75 pg/mL vs 5.29 ± 3.23pg/mL; P < 0.05)
Conclusion
Patients with MS who developed AF show evidence of atrial inflammatory sequelae in the form of fibrosis as suggested by LGE on cardiac MRI. Systemic inflammation in the form of elevated IL-6 levels correlated significantly with atrial fibrosis and AF.
Table 1: MS patients with or without AF Clinical Features Rhythm P-Value NSR (n = 7) AF (n = 13) Mean Valve Area (cm2) 1.28 ± 0.35 0.83 ± 0.26 < 0.01 Mean Diastolic Gradient (mmHg) 6.29 ± 2.2 11.92 ± 5.65 <0.01 Wilkin Score 7 ± 0.816 8.46 ± 1.66 0.04 LVEF % (non indexed) 59.57 ± 1.13 58.77 ± 2.89 0.49 LA Volume with MRI (ml) 127.50 ± 51.32 284.33 ± 133.12 <0.01 Inflammatory Markers hs-CRP (mg/L) 5.59 ± 3.89 3.94 ± 3.47 0.34 IL6 (pg/mL) 4.37 ± 2.68 10.62 ± 5.92 0.017 sCD-40L (ng/mL) 3.72 ± 3.73 4.77 ± 2.80 0.48 Atrial LGE 0 (0%) 8 (61.5%) 0.04
Abstract P89 Figure. Image 1: Cardiac MRI showing LGE
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Aligarh Muslim University, Center for Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Aligarh, India
| | - G Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - K P Ganga
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rao KL, Menon P, Samujh R, Mahajan JK, Bawa M, Malik MA, Mittal BR. Endoscopic Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Long-term Follow-up. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55:1046-1049. [PMID: 30745475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience with endoscopic management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by injection of a tissue bulking substance - Dextranomer/ hyaluronic acid co-polymer at vesicoureteric junction. DESIGN Retrospective analyses of case records. SETTING Pediatric Surgery department in a tertiary care government Institute. PARTICIPANTS 500 children (767 renal units) consecutively referred to the out-patient department with vesicoureteral reflux noted on micturating cysto-urethrogram (MCU) over a period of 13 years (2004-2016). INTERVENTION Preoperative VUR grading and renal scars on radionuclide scans were documented. Dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer was injected through a cystoscope at the vesicoureteral junction as a day care procedure under short anesthesia. Patients were followed (average duration 27.3 mo) with clinical assessment, periodic urine cultures and renal scans. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cessation of VUR and symptomatic relief / clinical success postoperatively at 3 months. RESULTS Complete symptomatic relief was obtained in 482 (96.4%) patients. In 681 units where MCU was available, 614 (90%) units showed resolution of VUR. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic injection of tissue bulking substances at vesicoureteric junction to stop VUR seems to be an effective intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ln Rao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prema Menon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Correspondence to: Dr Prema Menon, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India,
| | - R Samujh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - J K Mahajan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Bawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - M A Malik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - B R Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Edelblute CM, Malik MA, Heller LC. Antibacterial efficacy of a novel plasma reactor without an applied gas flow against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus on diverse surfaces. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:106-11. [PMID: 27095606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of nonthermal plasma in the clinic has gained recent interest, as the need for alternative or supplementary strategies are necessary for preventing multi-drug resistant infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a novel plasma reactor based on a high current version of sliding discharge and operated by nanosecond voltage pulses without an applied gas flow. This modification is advantageous for both portability and convenience. Bacterial inactivation was determined within a chamber by direct quantification of colony Jing units. Plasma exposure significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis following a 1-min application (p<0.001). S. epidermidis was more susceptible to the plasma after a 5-min exposure compared to E. coli. Temperature and pH measurements taken immediately before and after plasma exposure determined neither heat nor pH changes play a role in bacterial inactivation. Because of the notable effect on S. epidermidis, the effect of plasma exposure on several isolates and strains of the related opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus was quantified. While S. aureus isolates and strains were efficiently inactivated on an agar surface, subsequent testing on other clinically relevant surfaces demonstrated that the inactivation level, although significant, was reduced. This reduction appeared to depend on both the surface texture and the surface moisture content. These findings suggest this novel plasma source lacking an applied gas flow has potential application for surface bacterial decontamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States
| | - M A Malik
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States
| | - L C Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States; School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wani JA, Malik MA, Dar MA, Akhter F, Raina SK. Impact of method of application and concentration of potassium on yield of wheat. J Environ Biol 2014; 35:623-626. [PMID: 25004744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels and methods of potassium application on yield, K uptake and forms of potassium in wheat crop at experimental field of Division of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir. The treatment consisted of 5 levels of potassium (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg K2O ha(-1)) and two methods of application viz Single basal and split (1/2 basal+1/2 at tiller initiation stage). Out of various treatments, split application of potassium @ 80 kg K2O ha(-1) was found superior to single basal application in terms of grain yield (43.20 q ha(-1)) and K uptake (22.89 kg ha(-1)) by grains at harvest. However, it was at par with split application of 60 kg K2O ha(-1). All forms of potassium viz water-soluble, exchangeable, available, boiling HNO3 extractable and lattice increased with increasing levels of potassium and were found maximum (3.20, 62.80, 66.00 ppm 0.723 and 1.440% respectively) when potassium was applied @ 80 kg K2O ha(-1) in two equal splits except for lattice K which was maximum (1.440%) when potassium was applied @ 60 kg K2O ha(-1).
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Kahal
- University of Hull, Diabetes Research Centre, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, 220-236, Anlaby Road, Hull, HU3 2RW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McElwain J, Malik MA, Harte BH, Flynn NM, Laffey JG. Comparison of the C-MAC videolaryngoscope with the Macintosh, Glidescope, and Airtraq laryngoscopes in easy and difficult laryngoscopy scenarios in manikins. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:483-9. [PMID: 20337620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The C-MAC comprises a Macintosh blade connected to a video unit. The familiarity of the Macintosh blade, and the ability to use the C-MAC as a direct or indirect laryngoscope, may be advantageous. We wished to compare the C-MAC with Macintosh, Glidescope and Airtraq laryngoscopes in easy and simulated difficult laryngoscopy. Thirty-one experienced anaesthetists performed tracheal intubation in an easy and difficult laryngoscopy scenario. The duration of intubation attempts, success rates, number of intubation attempts and of optimisation manoeuvres, the severity of dental compression, and difficulty of device use were recorded. In easy laryngoscopy, the duration of tracheal intubation attempts were similar with the C-MAC, Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes; the Glidescope performed less well. The C-MAC and Airtraq provided the best glottic views, but the C-MAC was rated as the easiest device to use. In difficult laryngo-scopy the C-MAC demonstrated the shortest tracheal intubation times. The Airtraq provided the best glottic view, with the Macintosh providing the worst view. The C-MAC was the easiest device to use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J McElwain
- Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals and School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic, infectious, systemic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and is classified as paucibacillary and multibacillary types. It is contagious and has an insidious onset. Clinical presentation is characterised by hypopigmented skin lesions with reduced sensation. Presence of acid-fast bacilli in tissue specimens is regarded as a gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment is based on multi-drug regimens. We report a case of borderline tuberculoid leprosy in a 31-year-old woman.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ali
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Great Western Hospital Swindon, SN3 6BB, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The C-MAC videolaryngoscope is a novel intubation device that incorporates a camera system at the end of its blade, thereby facilitating obtaining a view of the glottis without alignment of the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axes. It retains the traditional Macintosh blade shape and can be used as a direct or indirect laryngoscope. We wished to determine the optimal stylet strategy for use with the C-MAC. Ten anaesthetists were allowed up to three attempts to intubate the trachea in one easy and three progressively more difficult laryngoscopy scenarios in a SimMan manikin with four tracheal tube stylet strategies: no stylet; stylet; directional stylet (Parker Flex-It); and hockey-stick stylet. The use of a stylet conferred no advantage in the easy laryngoscopy scenario. In the difficult scenarios, the directional and hockey-stick stylets performed best. In the most difficult scenario, the median (IQR [range]) duration of the successful intubation attempt was lowest with the hockey-stick stylet; 18 s (15-22 [12-43]) s, highest with the unstyletted tracheal tube; 60 s (60-60 [60, 60]) s and styletted tracheal tube 60 s (29-60 [18-60]) s, and intermediate with the directional stylet 21 s (15-60 [8-60]) s. The use of a stylet alone does not confer benefit in the setting of easy laryngoscopy. However, in more difficult laryngoscopy scenarios, the C-MAC videolaryngoscope performs best when used with a stylet that angulates the distal tracheal tube. The hockey-stick stylet configuration performed best in the scenarios tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J McElwain
- Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malik MA, Zargar SA, Mittal B. Lack of influence of DNA repair gene OGG1 codon 326 polymorphisms of gastric cancer risk in the Kashmir valley. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010; 11:165-168. [PMID: 20593951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to DNA may lead to carcinogenesis but is repaired through activation of pathways involving polymorphic enzymes, including human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1). The present study aimed to assess the role of genetic variants of DNA repair gene OGG1 Ser326Cys in susceptibility to gastric cancer in Kashmir valley. A case control study was performed in 303 subjects (108 gastric cancer and 195 healthy controls), all genotyped through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and the logistic regression model. The distribution of OGG1 genotypes among controls and gastric cancer cases did not show any significant differences. Although smokers and high salted tea drinkers themselves were at higher risk for gastric cancer (OR=8.975, P=0.0001; OR=14.778, P=0.0001), interaction with OGG1 Ser326Cys did not further modulate the risk. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the OGG1 polymorphism does not influence either gastric cancer risk independently or by interaction with smoking or salted-tea consumption in the Kashmir valley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malik MA, Subramaniam R, Maharaj CH, Harte BH, Laffey JG. Randomized controlled trial of the Pentax AWS, Glidescope, and Macintosh laryngoscopes in predicted difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:761-8. [PMID: 19783539 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for the Pentax AWS and the Glidescope to reduce the difficulty of tracheal intubation in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. METHODS Seventy-five consenting patients presenting for surgery requiring tracheal intubation, and who were deemed to possess characteristics indicating an increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, were randomly assigned to undergo intubation using a Macintosh, AWS, or Glidescope laryngoscope (n=25 patients per group). All patients were intubated by one of three anaesthetists experienced in the use of each laryngoscope. RESULTS Both the Glidescope and the AWS significantly reduced the intubation difficulty score compared with the Macintosh. The rate of successful tracheal intubation was lower with the Macintosh (84%) compared with the Glidescope (96%) or the AWS (100%). There were no differences in the duration of tracheal intubation attempts between the devices. Both the Glidescope and the AWS significantly reduced the need for additional manoeuvres and improved the Cormack and Lehane view obtained at laryngoscopy, compared with the Macintosh. Tracheal intubation with the AWS but not the Glidescope reduced the degree of haemodynamic stimulation compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. CONCLUSIONS The AWS and the Glidescope laryngoscopes reduced the difficulty of tracheal intubation to a similar extent compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malik MA, Blusztajn JK, Greenwood CE. Nutrients as trophic factors in neurons and the central nervous system: role of retinoic acid. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 11:2-13. [PMID: 15539337 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/1999] [Accepted: 09/28/1999] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, death, survival, proliferation, and differentiation of a given cell depend on signals produced by neighboring and/or distant cells, resulting in the coordinated development and function of the various tissues. In the nervous system, control of cell survival and differentiation is achieved through the action of a distinct group of polypeptides collectively known as neurotrophic factors. Recent findings support the view that trophic factors also are involved in the response of the nervous system to acute injury. By contrast, nutrients are not traditionally viewed as potential trophic factors; however, there is increasing evidence that at least some influence neuronal differentiation. During development the brain is responsive to variations in nutrient supply, and this increased sensitivity or vulnerability of the brain to nutrient supply may reappear during neuronal repair, a period during which a rapid membrane resynthesis and reestablishment of synthetic pathways occur. To further evaluate the potential of specific nutrients to act as pharmacologic agents in the repair of injured neurons, the effects of retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, and its role as a trophic factor are discussed. This literature review is intended to provide background information regarding the effect of retinoic acid on the cholinergic phenotype and the differentiation of these neurons and to explain how it may promote neuronal repair and survival following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crouch DJ, O'Brien P, Malik MA, Skabara PJ, Wright SP. A one-step synthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots from a novel single source precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:1454-5. [PMID: 12841288 DOI: 10.1039/b301096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the one-step synthesis of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots is reported using the air stable complex cadmium imino-bis(diisopropylphosphine selenide); the ligand is readily prepared from elemental selenium and the precursor, quantum dots of comparable quality to those prepared by conventional methods are obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Crouch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK M13 9PL
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ditta A, Tayyab M, Qavi A, Malik MA, Chaudhry NA. Significance of thyrotrophin and thyroxine estimations in type 1 diabetes. J PAK MED ASSOC 2001; 51:349-51. [PMID: 11768935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether estimation of thyrotrophin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) is significant to assess the thyroid status of diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with type 1 diabetes (25 male and 25 female) aged 9-50 years were included. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.7 +/- 4.3 years. Clinically they were not suffering from any systemic disease or endocrine ailment. Twenty-six, age and sex matched, normal controls were also included. The TSH and and T4 were estimated in the sera of all the subjects using the commercially available ELISA kits. RESULTS The mean +/- SD concentration of TSH was raised significantly (p < 0.001) in the patients as compared to the controls, whereas the T4 concentration was comparable. Furthermore, 30% diabetics showed significantly elevated TSH concentration than the controls. CONCLUSION It is proposed that the estimation of TSH in the patients with type 1 diabetes may be useful in the early identification of thyroid dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ditta
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Malik MA, Greenwood CE, Blusztajn JK, Berse B. Cholinergic differentiation triggered by blocking cell proliferation and treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid. Brain Res 2000; 874:178-85. [PMID: 10960602 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) on markers of cholinergic differentiation in a murine septal cell line, SN56.B5.G4, differed depending upon the cell's proliferative status. To develop a model of non-proliferating cells, aphidicolin, a DNA alpha-polymerase inhibitor, was used. Cessation of proliferation by aphidicolin increased intracellular choline and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the absence of change to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and mRNA and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) mRNA. Importantly, the response to t-RA differed depending upon proliferative status. Consistent with previous reports, t-RA increased ChAT and VAChT mRNA, ChAT activity and intracellular ACh levels in proliferating SN56 cells with no effect on intracellular choline levels. When cells were treated with t-RA while undergoing proliferative arrest, an additive effect of combined treatment was observed on ACh levels; nevertheless, this was only accompanied by an increase in choline levels, VAChT and ChAT mRNAs, but not ChAT activity. Indeed, aphidicolin treatment completely suppressed the t-RA-induced increase in ChAT activity observed in proliferating cells. To explore the response to t-RA in post-mitotic cells, a sequential treatment of aphidicolin and t-RA was employed. t-RA treatment was ineffective in increasing ACh and choline levels, over and above that observed with the aphidicolin treatment alone. Comparable to the combined treatment, sequential treatment lead to an increase in ChAT mRNA without any increase in ChAT activity. In conclusion, both the magnitude and the mechanism(s) of action whereby t-RA enhances the cholinergic phenotype of SN56 cells is dependent upon the cell's proliferative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, M5S 3E2, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- J R Davidson
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
After recovery from persistent diarrhea, some children have recurrent episodes of diarrhea and associated problems. We undertook this study to identify the risk factors responsible for this relapse. All patients reporting at 1 month follow up since discharge, with > 7 diarrheal days, or inadequate weight gain compared to the weight at discharge, constituted the failure group. All others constituted the non-failure group. Various risk factors were studied in 21 cases (failure group), and 42 controls (non-failure group). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association of hospital stay < 5 days (OR 10.6; 95% CI 3.13-36), working mothers (OR 8.5; 95% CI 2.5-27), poor socioeconomic status (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4-14) and presence of younger sibling (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.1-12.6) with failed outcome. On logistic regression analysis, only hospital stay < 5 days (OR 11.7; 95% CI 1.02-134.68) and female children (OR 17.65; 95% CI 1.26-246) remained significant. We therefore conclude, that a short hospital stay, limited optimal contact and limited health education adversely affects the outcome. Pediatricians should be more cautious while managing female children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alam
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarova G, Roussanova D, Jeliazkova B, Yordanov ND, Malik MA, O'Brien P. Charge-transfer photochemistry of bis(diethyl-diselenocarbamato)copper(II). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2000; 56A:351-356. [PMID: 10727152 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(99)00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical reactions of bis(diethyl-diselenocarbamato)copper(II), Cu(Et2dsc)2, complex have been studied in toluene, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and chloroalkane/EtOH mixed solvents. Charge-transfer irradiation induces intramolecular oxidation of the ligand and reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) as evidenced by EPR and UV-Vis spectra of the complex as well as quantum yield results. When photolysis is carried out in CHCl3 or CH2Cl2 or in the solvent mixture CHCl3/EtOH resp. CH2Cl2/EtOH of lower than 1:1 EtOH content, the primary photoproduct CuI(Et2dsc) is further oxidised in a dark reaction with the chloroalkane producing the corresponding paramagnetic mixed-ligand CuII(Et2dsc)Cl complex in equilibrium with its chloride-bridged and EPR silent, dimeric form Cu2(Et2dsc)2Cl2. At low concentration of EtOH the equilibrium is shifted to the dimeric form whereas at higher than 1:1 EtOH content in the mixed solvent CHCl3/EtOH it is shifted to CuII(Et2dsc)Cl. A reaction mechanism is proposed and the role of ethanol is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sarova
- University of Sofia, Department of Chemistry, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Malik MA. Cryptosporidium gastroentiritis in four immunocompetent children presenting with features of intestinal obstruction. Ann Saudi Med 2000; 20:88-90. [PMID: 17322761 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2000.88a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
25
|
Abstract
Age may have a different contribution to normal lung function values in those aged less than 25 years, as compared to older individuals. We report regression equations predicting ventilatory parameters in this age group, as none have been reported from Pakistan. The study was conducted on students of King Edward Medical College Lahore, Pakistan. Participants had never smoked and reported no respiratory symptoms. In addition to anthropometric data, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF50) were measured. Equations predicting normal values of these parameters were derived using SPSS (Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.) P < or = 0.05 was treated as statistically significant. Of the students, 519 took part in the study. All four parameters correlated significantly (P < 0.001) and positively with height. FEF50 had a negative correlation with age in both sexes (P < 0.05). The correlation of other parameters with age was variable and not statistically significant. On multiple regression, height featured as an independent predictor in equations for all parameters. The contribution of age as an independent predictor of ventilatory function was, once again, variable. Independent variables were retained in the raw form as their transformation did not improve the goodness of fit of the derived equations. Only height and age emerged as independent predictors of ventilatory function. Values derived from the equations presented in this study were less than those for height and age matched white Caucasians. Such differences were greater than the 'Asian correction factors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Lead exposure was assessed in a random cohort of 70 male papier mâché workers and compared with 35 age and sex matched controls. Blood-lead levels in workers were significantly higher than in controls (Mean 68.07 +/- 44.64 ug/dl vs 25.52 +/- 16.56 ug/dl respectively; P < 0.001). Urinary lead was also higher in workers (128.53 +/- 52.61 ug/l) compared to controls (91.18 +/- 27.06, P < 0.001), but excretion of urinary coproporphyrin in the two groups was not significantly different (102.78 +/- 153.42 vs 70.03 +/- 27.06 ug/l, P > 0.05). Blood levels bore a significant correlation with age but did not bear any correlation with the duration of exposure. Various modes of exposure to lead included hand mixing of paints, skin application of the paint to match shades and making point of the brush using lips and the tongue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jenkins L, Malik MA, Lik M, Vaczi P. Multiple cigarette burn wounds in a chronic paranoid schizophrenic. S Afr Med J 1996; 86:572. [PMID: 8711568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
28
|
Abstract
Following the identification of an index case of occupational asthma, we assessed the respiratory morbidity in 12 workers exposed to aliphatic polyamines in a chemical factory and in 60 unexposed workers in three other workplaces. Many amine workers reported symptoms of chronic cough (7/12), chronic phlegm (9/12), wheezing (4/12) and exertional breathlessness (3/12). These were significantly more frequent in exposed than in unexposed workers (P < 0.01). They also had significantly greater diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rates (DV-PEFR) than the unexposed workers (P < 0.01). All four amine workers with wheezing reported onset of symptoms after employment at the factory, and all had DV-PEFR greater than 15%, compared to only one control worker (P < 0.01). A second case of occupational asthma was confirmed by bronchial challenge test. The study indicated a very high risk of asthma and chronic airways disease and a need for stringent measures to protect the health of industrial workers exposed to aliphatic amines in Singapore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Ng
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Amir M, Malik MA, Shami IH. Forequarter amputation for tumours of the upper extremity. J PAK MED ASSOC 1993; 43:240-2. [PMID: 8114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Amir
- Department of Surgery, Federal Government Services Hospital, Islamabad
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tayyab M, Ditta A, Malik MA, Khan SW, Chaudhry NA. Significance of thyroid microsomal antibody in Graves' disease. J PAK MED ASSOC 1993; 43:11-3. [PMID: 8474212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid microsomal antibody (MsAb) was estimated in 48 patients with Graves' disease (15 newly diagnosed, 15 on drugs for about 4 weeks and 18 euthyroid with drug treatment) and twenty age and sex matched controls. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD) was based on clinical history, physical examination and thyroid function tests, viz. 131I uptake, thyroid scintigram and serum T3, T4 and TSH levels. MSAb was positive in 93.3% of newly diagnosed as well as hyperthyroid GD patients on drugs. Eighty-three percent euthyroid GD patients and 20% normal controls also showed MSAb positivity. The titres of newly diagnosed patients were significantly raised (P < 0.05) than those of euthyroid patients and controls indicating the diagnostic as well as prognostic significance of MSAb in Graves' disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tayyab
- Postgraduate Medical Institute, K.E. Medical College/Mayo Hospital, Lahore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rahman M, Malik MA, al Mubarak S. Glycaemic index of Pakistani staple foods in mixed meals for diabetics. J PAK MED ASSOC 1992; 42:60-2. [PMID: 1629999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycaemic index of local staple foods was determined. In first phase, the post prandial blood glucose response of isocaloric portion of wheat chapati and gram flour (baisen) chapati, were compared in 11 type II diabetic patients as a part of mixed meal in fasting state, alternately. The glycaemic index of baisen chapati was 39 as compared with wheat chapati. In second phase of the study, 22 type II diabetic patients were given isocaloric portions of wheat chapati and boiled rice as a part of mixed meal alternately. The glycaemic index of rice was 98 as compared with wheat chapati. This study favours the belief that baisen chapati is better and refutes that rice is bad for diabetics. It also upholds that glycaemic index is useful for planning a diabetic diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Malik MA, Puleo DA, Bizios R, Doremus RH. Osteoblasts on hydroxyapatite, alumina and bone surfaces in vitro: morphology during the first 2 h of attachment. Biomaterials 1992; 13:123-8. [PMID: 1550897 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(92)90008-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The morphological responses of individual osteoblasts as they attached and spread on hydroxyapatite, bovine bone, alumina with rough and polished surfaces, and tissue culture polystyrene in vitro were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Depending on the surface tested two different morphological sequences were observed during 2 h of adhesion. On alumina, both rough and smooth, bone, and tissue culture polystyrene the cells were round after 0.5 h, and spread radially during the next 1.5 h until they were almost flat, with a nuclear bulge. On hydroxyapatite, however, the cells were flat and circular at 0.5 h, and the edge of the cytoplasm was hardly discernable. This morphology did not change much during the subsequent 1.5 h. The observed cellular morphological response may be related to the bioreactivity of hydroxyapatite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rattan A, Maheshwari V, Maheshwari NK, Malik A, Malik MA. Application of modified Widal test in specific diagnosis of enteric fever. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27:295-7. [PMID: 2351453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rattan
- Department of Microbiology, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Malik MA, Dreesen DW, de la Cruz A. Toxoplasmosis in sheep in northeastern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:263-5. [PMID: 2298651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Malik MA, Tahir MA, Sawyna V. Angelchik prosthesis. Surgery 1984; 95:126-7. [PMID: 6691179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
37
|
Malik MA, Tesfai K. Compatibility of Rhizobium japonicum with commercial pesticides in vitro. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1983; 31:432-437. [PMID: 6640140 DOI: 10.1007/bf01622274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
38
|
Siddiqui AQ, Tewari SG, Sultana M, Malik MA, Ahmad P. Factors affecting academic achievement of school children. J R Soc Health 1983; 103:50-52. [PMID: 6876060 DOI: 10.1177/146642408310300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
39
|
Malik MA, Trout DL, Emamali BC, Brendza DJ. Intraintestinal carbohydrate in rats during the feeding of glucose or of rat or cooked cornstarch. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982; 169:80-5. [PMID: 7063498 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-169-41311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
Serum glucose, A-cell (IRGA) and total glucagon (IRGT), insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine values were measured in the fasting state and in response to oral glucose, intravenously administered arginine, and a meal of pan-broiled ground beef in 31 symptomatic patients and 11 normal subjects. Twenty-four patients and 11 control subjects had normal glucose tolerance (group 1); seven patients had reactive hypoglycemia (group 2). Under all conditions, serum IRGA value was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Glucose, arginine, or meat increased serum IRGT levels. This response did not differ significantly in the two groups, nor did the secretion of the other measured hormones. We conclude that A-cell insufficiency can contribute to reactive hypoglycemia in the adult.
Collapse
|
41
|
Choong W, Stephenson NC, Ali MA, Malik MA, Phillips DJ. The Crystal Structure of [2,6-Bis(1-methyl-4-methylthio-5-thia-2,3-diazahexa-1,3-dienyl)-pyridine]dithiocyanatonickel(II), a Complex of a Potentially Pentadentate N3S2 Ligand, and a Comparison with Complexes of an N3O2 Ligand. Aust J Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9791199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of
Ni(dapsm)(NCS)2 [dapsm
is 2,6-bis(1-methyl-4-methylthio-5-thia-2,3-diazahexa-1,3-dienyl)pyridinel has been determined from three-dimensional
single-crystal diffractometer X-ray data. Structure refinement was carried out
by least-squares methods to a final R value of 0.059. The ligand dapsm is a potential N3S2
pentadentate, but it coordinates as a tetradentate,
giving a planar N3S donor grouping. Rotation occurs about an N-N
bond in dapsm, moving a potential donor sulfur atom
away from the nickel(II) ion. The pyridine ring of the ligand, and the N3S
donor grouping, are approximately coplanar. Two thiocyanate
groups are coordinated to the nickel, giving a distorted octahedral structure.
The structure and electronic spectrum of Ni(dapsm)-
(NCS)2 are compared with those for seven-coordinate complexes with
the related N3O2 ligand, 2,6-diacetylpyridine bissemicarbazone.
Collapse
|
42
|
Malik MA, Ahmad P, Prasad M, Ahmad SH, Khan KA, Ahmad KN. Liver biopsy in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Indian Pediatr 1978; 15:127-31. [PMID: 308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria. All had normal renal function. Calcium absorption was indexed by a double isotope test. 45Ca hyperabsorption occurred in six patients. Ten kinetic studies were carried out with 47Ca and in six bone turnover was increased. 45Ca absorption correlated well with the calculated bone uptake rate of calcium, and with urine calcium excretion. These results suggest that in sarcoidosis abnormalities in calcium metabolism are fairly common although they rarely result in sustained hypercalcaemia.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Some new, and some
previously reported, bis-chelate complexes of bidentate thiosemicarbazones with
a range of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) salts have been isolated, and they have
been characterized by infrared and electronic spectra, and by magnetic
measurements. The complexes are those of the thiosemicarbazones of acetone,
diethyl ketone and cyclopentanone with nickel(II), and the thiosemicarbazones
of acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, cyclopentanone and benzaldehyde with cobalt(II).
They all have the composition M(tsc)2X2
(some being obtained with solvent of crystallization), and the influence of
metal ion M, the thiosemicarbazone ligand tsc, and
the anion X on the structures is examined. The non-aromatic thiosemicarbazones
gave five-coordinate halo complexes of general type [M(tsc)2X]
X (M = Co, Ni; X = halide). The nitrates appear to have formally six-coordinate
structures of type [M(tsc)2(NO3)]NO3
involving one bidentate nitrate, although the electronic spectra suggest that
the coordination environments of the metal ions resemble those of five- rather
than six-coordinate complexes. The thiocyanato and perchlorato complexes are
considered to be five-coordinate with cobalt and six-coordinate with nickel.
Benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (bztsc) did not yield
nickel(II) complexes, but gave tetrahedral complexes [Co(bztsc)2]
X2 with X = halide, and a six-coordinate thiocyanato complex [Co(bztsc)2(NCS)2] whose reflectance
spectrum may show the effects of tetragonal distortion.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
New complexes of
pyridine-2-carbaldehyde S-methylthiosemicarbazone
(pmts) with nickel(11) and copper(11) are reported, together with magnetic
moments, infrared and electronic spectra. The pale yellow bis-ligand complexes
with nickel perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and
nitrate have the ionic structures [Ni(pmts)2] X2, with
six-coordinate nickel(11) and tridentate ligands. Thiocyanate co-ordination and
bidentate pmts appear to be present in the six-coordinate orange-brown complex
Ni(pmts)2(NCs)2. The complexes,
Ni(pmts)X2 (X = Cl, Br), are
halogen-bridged and six-coordinate. The complexes Cu(pmts)X2 (X = Cl, Br, NO3) do not appear to be five
coordinate, and may be six coordinate.
Collapse
|
46
|
Malik MA. Emotional stress as a precipitating factor in sudden deaths due to coronary insufficiency. J Forensic Sci 1973; 18:47-52. [PMID: 4781752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
47
|
Abstract
The ventilatory functions (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow rate) of West Pakistani immigrants working near Manchester were measured. There were 198 `normal' healthy adult workers aged 25 to 60 years and 129 workers aged 16 to 24 years. The subjects were considered `normal' if they did not admit to persistent cough and phlegm. The regression equations on age and height for the two groups are presented together with the corresponding nomograms for the adult group. Ventilatory function reached its maximum between the ages of 25 and 30 years; smokers and dust-exposed subjects did not differ significantly from non-smokers and non-dust-exposed subjects (P>0·1). This was probably due to their relatively light smoking habits and the short duration of dust exposure. The effects of age, in workers over the age of 25 years, and the predominant effects of height on the FVC, FEV1·0, and PEFR are similar to those found in other studies. The ventilatory capacity of the subjects was found to be somewhat lower than that of Caucasians, about equal to that of Negroes living in America, and higher than that of Indians of Asian origin living in Guyana or of Bantu Negroes in South Africa. The predicted FEV1·0/FVC% in the West Pakistani subjects is a little higher than any calculated from the results of other authors, but its regression on age is consistent with the findings of other studies and, therefore, can be used in clinical practice to assess the pulmonary conductance.
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- M A Malik
- DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, WINNIPEG, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|