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Jatteppanavar B, Choudhury A, Panda PK, Bairwa M. Community-acquired multidrug-resistant pneumonia, bacteraemia, and infective endocarditis: A case report. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:87459. [PMID: 38633471 PMCID: PMC11019630 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i1.87459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has increased globally, with extensive drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria posing a threat to patients. CASE SUMMARY This case report describes a young man admitted for suspected tropical fever infections who experienced rapid deterioration in health. Despite negative results for tropical fever infections, he had neutrophilic leucocytosis, acute kidney injury, and chest imaging findings suggestive of bilateral consolidations. On day two, he was diagnosed with infective endocarditis with possible rheumatic heart disease and MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and community-acquired pneumonia. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, he did not respond and succumbed to death on day five. CONCLUSION This case highlights that clinicians/public should be aware of MDR community-acquired pneumonia, bacteraemia, and endocarditis which ultimately culminate in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early identification of pathogenic strain and prompt antibiotic treatment are a mainstay for the management and prevention of early fatalities. Simultaneously, route cause analysis of community-acquired MDR/XDR pathogens is a global need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
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Narayan S, Bhutra N, Kumar S, G J, Choudhury A, Kumar N, Shriwastav DUK, Bairwa M. Supraglottic Myxedema Presenting as a Complication of Hypothyroidism: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e56903. [PMID: 38659542 PMCID: PMC11042784 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxedema is a medical emergency with high mortality rates if not treated aggressively. Here, we present a middle-aged female with complaints of generalized body swelling for one year, shortness of breath, hoarseness of voice, neck swelling, and cough for 20 days. The patient was diagnosed to be having severe hypothyroidism with polyserositis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the neck and thorax revealed extensive soft tissue edema causing airway narrowing, bilateral pleural effusion, moderate pericardial effusion, and features of atypical pneumonia. The patient was started on levothyroxine and antibiotics as per cultures to which she had initially improved; however, she developed ventilator-associated pneumonia leading to sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome followed by refractory type 1 respiratory failure and succumbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Narayan
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Nidhi Bhutra
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Jithesh G
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, RISHIKESH, IND
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Nitin Kumar
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | | | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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Shah B, Kajal S, Bhalla AS, Madan K, Viswanathan GK, Thakar A, Sikka K, Bairwa M, Verma H. Prolonged Itraconazole Therapy as Sole Treatment for Patients with Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:545-551. [PMID: 37377280 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the mainstay of treatment for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is surgical debridement along with topical or systemic steroids. However, prolonged systemic steroid therapy comes with side effects and is also sometimes contraindicated. Systemic antifungals have been used earlier as an adjunct to steroids or in refractory cases, but they have not been used as the sole primary treatment. OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of sole Itraconazole therapy in patients with AFRS by comparison of clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters before and after treatment. METHODS Thirty-four patients diagnosed with localized sino-nasal AFRS were recruited and started on the tablet Itraconazole 200 mg orally twice daily for 3 months with q2weekly monitoring of liver function tests. The baseline clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters were then compared with those after completion of 3 months of Itraconazole therapy. RESULTS There was significant difference between all the parameters-clinical: SNOT-22 score (p < 0.001) and Meltzer endoscopy score (p < 0.001), radiological: Lund-Mackay score (p = 0.004) and 20-point CT score (p = 0.002), and biochemical: serum total IgE (p < 0.001), Aspergillus-specific IgE (p < 0.001), and absolute eosinophil count (p < 0.001). The clearance of the disease was more in anterior sinuses than the posterior ones. CONCLUSION Prolonged Itraconazole can be given as sole therapy in AFRS, especially in patients for whom steroids are contraindicated or in those who are awaiting surgery. It can result in symptomatic and radiological improvement, but surgery still remains the definitive treatment option for AFRS for complete clearance of disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:545-551, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S Kajal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - A S Bhalla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - K Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Viswanathan
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - A Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - K Sikka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - M Bairwa
- Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - H Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Kant R, Singh A, Raina R, Dhingra V, Bairwa M, Kanwar V. Real-world safety and effectiveness of Pistacia lentiscus (mastic gum) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: 24-week interim analysis postintervention. Indian J Pharmacol 2024; 56:4-9. [PMID: 38454582 PMCID: PMC11001183 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_555_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal neuropathies are frequently found in diabetic patients. AIM The aim of this study was to find out the safety, adverse reactions, and long-term effectiveness of Pistacia lentiscus plant extract (mastic gum) in diabetic gastroparesis (DG) with respect to sustainable improvement in gastroparesis symptoms (Gastrointestinal Cardinal Symptom Index [GCSI] score) by observational follow-up study of a single-centric double-blind noninferiority randomized control trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight individuals were recruited and equally randomized in two study groups based on GCSI score and TC99 radionuclide gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES), i.e. the mastic gum group and the levosulpiride group. After 24 weeks, the GCSI score was recalculated in both the groups, and patients were evaluated for the safety, adverse reactions, and long-term effectiveness of mastic gum and the standard drug levosulpiride. RESULTS In the extended study, mean GCSI score changes at 24 weeks were statistically significant (P < 0.001) (t-test) between the two groups. In the mastic gum arm, the change in mean GCSI score at 24 weeks was statistically nonsignificant mean ± (standard deviation [SD]) 16.7± (3.81) compared to the GCSI score at 2-month postintervention mean (SD) 16.35± (2.27) (intragroup P = 0.89) (repeated measures ANOVA). It strongly indicates that mastic gum provided a sustainable improvement in DG symptoms in comparison to levosulpiride, with excellent subjective well-being postintervention, without any obvious significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION Six-month (24-week) interim analysis of patients suggests that mastic gum gives a sustainable improvement in DG symptoms without any obvious adverse effects as compared to levosulpiride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajaypal Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohit Raina
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Dhingra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Varsha Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Thockchom N, Bairwa M, Kant R, Kumar B, Bahurupi Y, Goyal B. Prognostic Significance of Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock: Insights From a Longitudinal Tertiary Care Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45894. [PMID: 37885490 PMCID: PMC10599194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading contributors to global mortality and morbidity, causing multi-organ failure, mainly involving cardiovascular failure, both systolic and diastolic dysfunction, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. There is little clinical data on the correlation with the mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with sepsis and septic shock and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our study sought to assess whether the severity of diastolic dysfunction could predict 28-day mortality. METHODOLOGY The study included T2DM patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis and septic shock defined according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock at a tertiary care center in northern India. A total of 132 patients (age = 61.01 ± 13.12 years; 62% male; mean APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score = 25.74 ± 4.79; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score = 12.34 ± 3.36) underwent transthoracic echocardiography within two hours of ICU admission till 28 days of admission or till mortality occurred. Clinical variables (APACHE II and SOFA score) and cardiac biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), troponin I, and creatine phosphokinase-MB, were measured at the time of admission and after 72 hours to compare with mortality. Diastolic dysfunction was defined according to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) 2009 guidelines, classifying subjects into grade 0 (normal), if early diastolic velocity (e') ≥ 8 cm/s; grade 1 (impaired relaxation), if e' < 8 cm/s and early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities (E/A) ratio < 0.8; grade 2 (pseudo normal), if e' < 8 cm/s, E/A = 0.8-1.5, and peak E-wave velocity by the peak e' velocity (E/e') ratio = 9-12; and grade 3 (restrictive), if e' < 8 cm/s, E/A > 2, deceleration time (DT) < 160 ms, and E/e' ≥ 13. RESULTS Thirty-seven (40.65%) out of 132 patients had diastolic dysfunction on initial echocardiography, while 54 (59.34%) had diastolic dysfunction on at least subsequent echocardiography. Total mortality was 68.93% with the highest mortality (100%) observed among those with grade 3 diastolic dysfunction. The 28-day mortality with diastolic dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock patients showed significant results (p < 0.001), indicating that with a higher E/A ratio or higher grade of diastolic dysfunction with the increase in SOFA score, the early ICU mortality is the highest and have the shortest duration of ICU stay with mean ± SD = 6.2 ± 2.48, as compared to other grades with 100% mortality. Also, the cardiac biomarker NT-pro-BNP was markedly elevated with a mean ± SD value of 503 ± 269.3 pg/ml, indicating early predicted mortality. No correlation was detected between mortality and the mean levels of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION Our study concluded that diastolic dysfunction is an important and strongest independent mortality predictor in patients with T2DM with severe sepsis and septic shock, and the higher the grade of diastolic dysfunction, the higher the mortality with the lowest mean ICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonita Thockchom
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Ravi Kant
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Barun Kumar
- Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Bela Goyal
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
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Choudhury A, Thokchom N, Jain V, Bairwa M. Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis: A Rare Benign Cutaneous Complication of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin. Cureus 2022; 14:e31173. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mohan B, N P K, Choudhury A, Bairwa M. Acute Chest Syndrome Masquerading As Sepsis: A Rare Presentation of Sickle Cell Anemia Complication. Cureus 2022; 14:e30208. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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8
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Ronanki K, Bairwa M, Kant R, Bahurupi Y, Kumar R. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a Predictor of Severity of Sepsis in Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study From North India. Cureus 2022; 14:e28282. [PMID: 36168379 PMCID: PMC9505634 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a common clinical syndrome in critical patients in the medical intensive care unit. Many scoring systems and biomarkers are introduced to detect unfavorable outcomes in sepsis patients. This study aims to identify pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a predictor of sepsis in patients who are critically ill and admitted to intensive care units. Materials and methods: This prospective observational survey purposively included 100 patients with sepsis identified by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines in the medical intensive care unit at one of the apex care centers in North India. Socio-demographic and clinical profiles were collected using a structured and validated checklist. Simple and multi-linear regression analyses were used to determine PTX3 as a predictor of sepsis. Results: A total of 100 patients were prospectively observed. Among them, 61% were males, and 39% were females, with a mean age of 50.78 (±13.53) years. From nine potential predictors, lactate (95% CI: 1.048-1.890, B: 1.469, p < 0.001), procalcitonin (95% CI: 0.136-0.270, B: 0.203, p < 0.001), and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) scores (95% CI: 0.112-0.450, B: 0.281, p = 0.001) significantly predict the changes in PTX3 level (R-square: 0.842, adjusted R-square: 0.826) in patients. Conclusions: PTX3 was found to correlate with the severity of sepsis as SOFA score and other markers like lactate, procalcitonin, and APACHE-II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score.
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Chandel A, Dheeraj D, G J, Bairwa M. Bowel Gangrene Is a Rare but Dreaded Complication of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning. Cureus 2022; 14:e27885. [PMID: 36127979 PMCID: PMC9481188 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity throughout the world, and one of the most common pesticide poisonings is organophosphates, followed by phosphides. Ingestion of aluminum phosphide can induce severe gastrointestinal irritation leading to hemorrhage and ulcerations. Gastrointestinal ischemia, gangrene, and hemorrhage in the ileum secondary to aluminum phosphide poisoning have not been reported in the literature. The authors report a case of an 18-year-old man who had consumed 10 grams of Celphos, aluminum phosphide powder. The patient developed lower gastrointestinal ischemia and hemorrhage due to the direct effect of aluminum phosphide, leading to bowel gangrene. The gangrenous segment caused fecal peritonitis and sepsis, leading to multiorgan failure and death. This case report emphasizes the significance of the corrosive nature of aluminum phosphide; lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a rare but fatal complication of aluminum phosphide poisoning.
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Kant R, Totaganti M, Mohan B, Bairwa M, Panda PK, Tyagi A, Prasad A, Bahurupi Y. Clinical Characteristics of 100 Patients With COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis From a Tertiary Care Center in North India. Cureus 2022; 14:e25652. [PMID: 35800201 PMCID: PMC9252165 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a new challenge in healthcare facilities. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Methodology This retrospective, single-center case series included patients who were hospitalized and diagnosed with COVID-19 and mucormycosis at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (North India) from April 15, 2021, onwards and last followed up on June 30, 2021. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, microbiological, pathological, and outcome data were then collected and analyzed. Results Of the 100 consecutive inpatients with CAM, 95 (95%) had diabetes mellitus. At the onset of illness, the most common manifestations were facial swelling (85%), eye swelling (83%), headache (68%), pain around the eyeball (67%), malaise (57%), and fever (50%). The most common organ involved on examination was the nose and paranasal sinus (96%), followed by the orbit (83%), palate (19%), and cranial nerves (7%). Pulmonary involvement was seldom observed (1%). Predominant pathological findings were the presence of aseptate hyphae (75%), necrosis (75%), angioinvasion (36%), and perineural invasion (2.6%). During the last follow-up, 13 patients died, with 11 (84.6%) having severe COVID-19 and two (15.3%) having moderate COVID-19. Conclusions Steroid use and diabetes mellitus are the significant risk factors of CAM. Patients with CAM usually present with face/eye swelling with radiological involvement of the nose and sinus and may die because of severe COVID-19.
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Gupta H, Parchani A, Choudhury A, G J, Pathania M, Bairwa M. Atrial Fibrillation in Scrub Typhus: A Series of Four Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e25338. [PMID: 35774709 PMCID: PMC9236644 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is an acute febrile zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted by the bite of chigger mite. Patients with scrub typhus can have many different presentations such as acute hearing loss, interstitial pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, pericarditis, meningoencephalitis, acute renal failure, acute hepatic failure, and septic shock. The occurrence of multi-organ dysfunction is responsible for high mortality seen in scrub typhus patients. Cardiovascular involvement can also occur in the form of arrhythmia, which leads to an increase in mortality in these patients, and if associated with ischemic heart disease and acute heart failure, it leads to higher mortality. The early use of antibiotics and telemetry monitoring along with aggressive management of patients can decrease the complications and mortality seen in these patients. This study describes a series of four scrub typhus patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation who were managed with either direct current (DC) cardioversion, amiodarone, or diltiazem.
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Kumar R, Haokip H, Tamanna, Bairwa M. Prevalence of delirium and predictors of longer intensive care unit stay: A prospective analysis of 207 mechanical ventilated patients. J Mental Health Hum Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_228_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kant R, Yadav P, Bairwa M. Effectiveness of the Internet-Based Versus Face-to-Face Interaction on Reduction of Tobacco Use Among Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2021; 13:e19380. [PMID: 34925983 PMCID: PMC8654642 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature reported the effectiveness of internet-based interventions over face-to-face interaction on tobacco quitting; however, limited sample size reinforces to integrate and analyze these studies' findings to reach a single conclusion. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the internet as an intervention approach versus face-to-face interaction on reducing tobacco use among adults. A systematic search was performed through various electronic databases such as Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Academia. Reference lists of the eligible articles were also screened. Full-text articles were included as per eligibility criteria (PICO framework). No ethnicity restriction was applied. A total of 13 studies were selected for meta-analysis, with 3852 and 3908 participants in intervention and control groups, respectively. Forest plot favours the intervention group at one month follow up for tobacco quitting (OR: 2.37, CI: 1.86-3.02, P=0.00001, I2=0%), at three months (OR: 1.88, CI: 1.48-2.40, P=0.00001, I2=42%) at six months (OR: 2.02, CI: 1.64-2.50, P=0.00001, I2=38%) and at one year of follow-up (OR: 1.43, CI: 1.18-1.74, P=0.00001, I2=36%) comparing to control group. Conclusively, internet and web-based interventions are highly useful in tobacco quitting at one month, three months, six months, and one year of follow-up compared to face-to-face interaction or no intervention, although the level of evidence was moderate. Additionally, limited trials in developing countries, arising need for research on internet use for tobacco control in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Poonam Yadav
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Dehradun, IND
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Singh V, Prasad A, Panda PK, Totaganti M, Tyagi AK, Thaduri A, Rao S, Bairwa M, Singh AK. Mixed invasive fungal infections among COVID-19 patients. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:19-27. [PMID: 35747732 PMCID: PMC9175149 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.4.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The healthcare system in India collapsed during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A fungal epidemic was announced amid the pandemic with several cases of COVID-associated mucormycosis and pulmonary aspergillosis being reported. However, there is limited data regarding mixed fungal infections in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we present a series of ten consecutive COVID-19 patients with mixed invasive fungal infections (MIFIs). Materials and Methods Among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in May 2021 at a tertiary care center in North India, 10 cases of microbiologically confirmed COVID-19-associated mucormycosis-aspergillosis (CAMA) were evaluated. Results All patients had diabetes and the majority of them were infected with severe COVID-19 pneumonia (6/10, 60%) either on admission or in the past month while two were each of moderate (20%) and mild (20%) categories of COVID-19; and were treated with steroid and cocktail therapy. The patients were managed with amphotericin-B along with surgical intervention. In total, 70% of all CAMA patients (Rhizopus arrhizus with Aspergillus flavus in seven and Aspergillus fumigatus complex in three patients) survived. Conclusion The study findings reflected the critical importance of a high index of clinical suspicion and accurate microbiological diagnosis in managing invasive dual molds and better understanding of the risk and progression of MIFIs among COVID-19 patients. Careful scrutiny and identification of MIFIs play a key role in the implementation of effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amber Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manjunath Totaganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhinav Thaduri
- Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalinee Rao
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Kumar R, Beniwal K, Bahurupi Y, Kant R, Bairwa M. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Health Care Workers: A Quick Online Survey in India. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:445-452. [PMID: 34871485 PMCID: PMC8648495 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a large number of deaths along with severe socio-economic effects. The vaccine is considered to be the last hope to control viral transmission. This study aimed to explore the determinants of health care workers' (HCWs) willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A structured, pre-validated, and pre-tested questionnaire was administered online to 599 HCWs including physicians, residents, and nurses from different types of healthcare set-ups across India. Information was collected regarding vaccine acceptability, attitude toward vaccination, and reasons for hesitancy. The chi-square test, followed by multinomial regression analysis, was applied to determine the factors associated with HCWs' vaccination willingness. RESULTS It was found that 73 % (n=437) of HCWs were willing to accept the vaccines, while 10.85% (n=65) refused and 16.2% (n=96) needed more time to decide. Gender (P<0.001), occupation (P=0.040), working as front-line workers (P=0.008), vaccine manufacturing country preferences (P<0.001), and perceived risk of catching COVID-19 in the next 6 months (P=0.005) had a significant association with intent to receive vaccination (the response were "yes" vs. "no" and "not sure"). The reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety and efficacy concerns, antivaccine attitude and beliefs, personal choice, and not wanting to take a vaccine before others. CONCLUSION The majority of HCWs agreed to take COVID-19 vaccines once available. Nevertheless, providing support to manage evolving vaccine environments will help change the perception of HCWs who refuse or are reluctant to take the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Kalpana Beniwal
- Department of Nursing, Assistant Nursing Superintendent, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Division of Diabetic and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
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Kumar R, Bairwa M, Beniwal K, Kant R. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, determinants of potential vaccination, and hesitancy in public: A call for effective health communication. J Educ Health Promot 2021; 10:392. [PMID: 34912928 PMCID: PMC8641716 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_327_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease rapidly spreads across the entire world in < 2 months and gravely jeopardizes the regular human routine. The medical fraternity recommends a vaccine as one of the best solutions to save the universe. However, to be effective, the population should reflect an encouraging attitude to accept it. The study aimed to measure vaccine acceptability and reason for hesitancy among the public. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight hundred and forty one adults visiting a tertiary care hospital responded to a pretested validated questionnaire on vaccine acceptability and hesitancy. The Chi-square test and independent t-test, followed by multinomial logistic regression, were used to analyze the findings. RESULTS Overall, 53.4% (n = 445) of participants interested to take vaccine, 27.2% (n = 229) were not sure, and the remaining 19.4% (n = 163) did not intent to vaccinate. Gender (P = 0.013), information on the vaccine (P = 0.022), chances to get coronavirus disease in the next 6 months (P < 0.001), awareness on India COVID-19 vaccine (P < 0.001), Indian manufacturing company of vaccine (P < 0.001), family history of the laboratory-confirmed case (P < 0.001), and health status (P = 0.011) found a significant association with intention to vaccination (a response "yes" vs. "no" and "not sure"). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included specific antivaccine attitudes and beliefs, a concern of fear and phobia, lack of information, and safety issues on the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS This institute-specific survey revealed that approximately every 4 in 8 people were not sure to take the vaccine, and one in five people refused to be vaccinated. The study recommends using target-based health education to understand and address vaccine-specific concerns to enhance vaccine coverage, and boost confidence among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kalpana Beniwal
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetic and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Panda PK, Singh BO, Moirangthem B, Bahurupi YA, Saha S, Saini G, Dhar M, Bairwa M, Pai VS, Agarwal A, Sindhwani G, Handu S, Kant R. Antiviral Combination Clinically Better Than Standard Therapy in Severe but Not in Non-Severe COVID-19. Clin Pharmacol 2021; 13:185-195. [PMID: 34616188 PMCID: PMC8487855 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s325083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Definitive antiviral treatment is not available for COVID-19 infection, with the exception of remdesivir, which still evokes many doubts. Various monotherapy or combination therapies with antivirals or other agents have been tried. The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir–ritonavir in combination with ribavirin in mild–severe COVID-19. Patients and Methods A single-center, open-label, parallel-arm, stratified randomized controlled trial evaluated the therapeutic potential of combination antiviral therapies. Enrolled patients in the severe category were randomized into three groups: (A) standard treatment, (B) hydroxychloroquine+ribavirin+standard treatment, or (C) lopinavir+ritonavir+ribavirin+standard treatment; while the non-severe category comprised two groups: (A) standard treatment or (B) hydroxychloroquine+ribavirin. Combination antivirals were given for 10 days and followed for 28 days. The primary endpoints were safety, symptomatic and laboratory recovery of organ dysfunctions, and time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative report. Results In total, 111 patients were randomized: 24, 23, and 24 in severe categories A, B, and C, respectively, and 20 in each of the non-severe groups. Two patients receiving ribavirin experienced drug induced liver injury, and another developed QT prolongation after hydroxychloroquine. In the severe category, 47.6%, 55%, and 30.09% in A, B, and C groups, respectively, showed symptomatic recovery, compared to 93.3% and 86.7% in A and B groups, respectively, in the non-severe category at 72 hours (P>0.05). Conclusion Though the results failed to show statistical superiority of the antiviral combination therapies to that of the standard therapy in both the severe and non-severe categories in symptomatic adult patients of COVID-19 due to very small sized trial, clinically hydroxychloroquine+ribavirin therapy is showing better recovery by 7.4% than standard therapy in the former category. However, results do indicate the benefit of standard therapy in the non-severe category by 6.6%. Furthermore, the dose of ribavirin needs to be reconsidered in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Budha O Singh
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Bikram Moirangthem
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Yogesh Arvind Bahurupi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Girraj Saini
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Minakshi Dhar
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Srinivasa Pai
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Girish Sindhwani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
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Bairwa M, Kumar R, Ajmal M, Bahurupi Y, Kant R. Predictors of critical illness and mortality based on symptoms and initial physical examination for patients with SARS-CoV-2: A retrospective cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1028-1034. [PMID: 34153728 PMCID: PMC8213400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An unidentified cluster of pneumonia was identified in Wuhan city of China in the last week of December 2019, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). The current study explored the predictors associated with critical illness and mortality based on symptoms at the time of admission and initial physical examination findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 249 records of laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 patients were analyzed. Demographic profile and findings of initial physical examination were collected and analyzed. Bivariate logistic and multivariable stepwise forward regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of critical illness and mortality. RESULTS A total of 249 records of SARS-COV-2 patients were retrospectively studied, of whom 66 (26.5%) developed a critical illness, and 58 (23.29%) died. The mean age of patients was 45.15 (16.34) years; 171 (68.71%) were men. From 27 potential predictors for developing a critical illness, 15 were reported independent predictors for critical illness, and 13 were for increased risk of mortality. Stepwise forward regression reported dyspnea as a single strongest predictor (OR, 5.800, 95% CI-2.724-12.346; p = 0.001, R2 = 0.272) to develop critical illness. Likewise, the respiratory rate was alone reported as a strong predictor (OR, 1.381, 95% CI- 1.251-1.525; p = 0.000, R2 = 0.329) for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Coronavirus disease is a new challenge to the medical fraternity, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of potential risk factors could help clinicians assess patients' risk with unfavourable outcomes and improve hospitalization decisions in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
| | - Mohammed Ajmal
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Division of Diabetic and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
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Bairwa M, Kumar R, Yadav P, Bahurupi Y, Kant R. Awareness, perception, and mitigating measures on COVID-19: Do we still need to educate our masses on COVID-19? J Educ Health Promot 2021; 10:275. [PMID: 34485572 PMCID: PMC8395875 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1605_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 was declared an emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in 2020. This study assesses patients' awareness, perception, and mitigating measures taken during the COVID-19 outbreak visiting an apex tertiary health-care center in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, in a tertiary care public hospital, North India, using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The survey included 809 patients using a consecutive sampling strategy. The self-structured and prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect information on study variables. Chi-square test and independent samples t-test, followed by binary and multivariate logistic regression, was used to determine the factors associated with awareness toward COVID-19. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 32.41 (±11.24) years. Multivariate logistic regression shows that married participants (OR: 0.660, 95 % CI: 0.440-0.989, P= 0.044), reading books/magazine or attended institutional lectures (OR: 2.241, 95% CI: 1.545-3.249, P = 0.001), and watching television and radio (OR: 1.824, 95% CI: 1.283-2.592, P = 0.001) are significantly more aware than their counterparts. Participants with higher income group (>20,000 Indian rupee) significantly had higher awareness than participants having salary <10,000 rupees (OR: 0.280, 95% CI: 0.178-0.440, P = 0.001) or 10,001-20,000 rupees (OR: 0.481, 95% CI: 0.297-0.777, P = 0.003). Patients avoiding traveling across or abroad had significantly much reasonably good awareness than their counterparts (OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.139-0.918, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Participants demonstrated good awareness, encouraging perception, and complied with appropriate mitigating measures during the outbreak. Considering frequent waves and the pandemic's long duration, consistent reinforcement of government measures, including masks, maintaining social distance, and frequent handwashing, is much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetic and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Kant R, Yadav P, Kishore S, Bairwa M, Singh M. Is it time to consider shreds of epidemiological and environmental evidence associated with high transmission of COVID-19? J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2120-2125. [PMID: 34322402 PMCID: PMC8284217 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2371_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus named COVID-19 that emerged in late December from Wuhan affected almost the entire globe. Recent studies provided new insight into the high transmission of the disease. This review explores the current evidence of epidemiological and environmental factors associated with high transmission of COVID-19. Even transmission and symptoms found among cats, dogs, ferrets, and tiger suggested low species barrier of the virus. The airborne transmission was found even up to 4 m, and fecal transmission with virus particles and RNA in sewage and wastewater suggests rethinking containment strategies. However, temperature, humidity, and pollution were also associated with transmission and mortality trends of COVID-19. To better mitigate and contain the current pandemic, it is a need of hours to consider the recent shreds of evidence to prevent further spread and require detailed investigations of these evidences by extensive epidemiological and meteorological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- General Medicine, AIIMS, Uttrakhand, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- College of Nursing, AIIMS, Uttrakhand, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Mukesh Bairwa
- General Medicine, AIIMS, Uttrakhand, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Uttrakhand, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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21
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Bairwa M, Kumar R, Beniwal K, Kalita D, Bahurupi Y. Hematological profile and biochemical markers of COVID-19 non-survivors: A retrospective analysis. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:100770. [PMID: 33997479 PMCID: PMC8106521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route and bodily contact. The fatality in COVID-19 cases was alarming in the initial days. This study analyzes hematological and biochemical markers of COVID-19 non-survivors. Material and methods In this single-center study, records of 249 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were studied for hematological profile and biochemical markers. Records of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 disease hospitalized between April 14, 2020, to August 15, 2020, were included in the analysis. Results Significantly, the disease mortality was associated with increased procalcitonin (P < 0.05), C-reactive protein (P < 0.05), aspartate transaminase (P < 0.05), serum potassium (P < 0.05), neutrophils count (P < 0.05), white blood cell count (P < 0.05), prothrombin time (P < 0.05) and activated prothrombin time (P < 0.05) in patients reported abnormal x-ray findings. Further, patients with abnormal radiological findings significantly showed a reduced level of lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05), oxygen saturation (P < 0.05), and partial oxygen pressure (P < 0.05). Reduced level of aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) reported significant association with mortality among patients with COVID-19. Conclusions The clinicians may consider the hematological and biochemical parameters in the patients with COVID-19 in future decision-making. These indicators might support clinical decisions to identify high fatality cases and poor diagnosis in the initial admission phase. In COVID-19 patients, we recommend close monitoring on procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, neutrophils count, and white blood cell count as a clinical indicator for potential progression to critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kalpana Beniwal
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Agarwal M, Aishwarya ., Bairwa M, Ravikant .. Scrub Typhus with Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An Atypical Sequela due to Delayed Diagnosis. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/49948.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection which is endemic to the tropical regions of South-East Asia including the sub-Himalayan belt of North India. Clinical manifestations of scrub typhus range from self-limiting acute febrile illness to sometimes fatal multi- organ involvement. However, it does not usually involve the central nervous system, if affected meningoencephalitis is the most common presentation. Hereby the authors report a 60-year-old patient of scrub encephalitis who developed acute onset ascending, symmetric flaccid quadriparesis with sensory involvement. Electrophysiological studies and demonstration of antiganglioside antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of AMSAN variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The patient was treated successfully with five days of intravenous immunoglobulins. She became ambulatory with complete recovery four weeks after discharge. Guillain-Barré syndrome is a treatable entity and should be evaluated in all cases of scrub typhus having a similar presentation. It can lead to a diagnostic challenge that can often be missed as it is a rare presentation of scrub infection. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary for better outcomes.
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Kant R, Yadav P, Kishore S, Kumar R, Bairwa M. Circadian dysynchrony among nurses performing shift work at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a preliminary study. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2020; 12:166-172. [PMID: 33500747 PMCID: PMC7811955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm is intracellular molecular mechanisms, influenced by environmental factors such as light, noise, mealtime, and sleep pattern. Shift work affects the sleep pattern, mealtime and psychological aspects of workers. This study aims to compare the effect of shift work on circadian dysynchrony among nurses in two different groups based on the duration of shift work. MATERIAL AND METHOD It was a cross-sectional, preliminary study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. The study enrolled 170 nurses (aged <35 years) performing shift duties for last 3 years (group-1) and 1 year (group-2) respectively in a 1:1 ratio. Tools used to collect data were case reporting form (demographic and clinical variables, anthropometric measures), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 27.39±2.89 vs. 26.14±2.45 in group 1 and 2. We found significant positive correlation of duration of shift work with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.000), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.001), body fat % (P=0.019), weight (P=0.034), hip circumference (HC) (P=0.000) and also significant difference between means of DBP (P=0.001) and HC (P=0.003) in both groups. Whereas bad sleep quality was found in 79% and 66% of participants in group 1 and 2 respectively, the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety in groups 1 and 2 was 60% and 37% respectively. CONCLUSION Long duration of shift work increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors as a consequence of circadian dysynchrony and varies with the duration of shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikesh, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikesh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikesh, India
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Mehta V, Gupta PK, Bairwa M, Rahul JS. Living and dying with drug resistant tuberculosis - Are we doing enough? J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4492-4493. [PMID: 33110900 PMCID: PMC7586639 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_846_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Mehta
- PDCC Infectious Diseases, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of General Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jakkula Sam Rahul
- Neuroanaesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Roy S, Kant R, Kumar B, Khapre M, Bairwa M. Systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, a harbinger of microvascular complications: A cross-sectional study from North India. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120944134. [PMID: 32713196 PMCID: PMC7510373 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120944134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of sub-clinical left ventricular dysfunction among asymptomatic diabetic patients, while the secondary objectives were to determine its association with microvascular complications and to find correlation with the baseline clinical and demographic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 226 type 2 diabetic patients who did not have any diagnosed cardiac disease, baseline ECG abnormality or cardiac symptoms. Two-dimensional strain echocardiography was performed to estimate the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction by measuring global longitudinal strain rate (cutoff < 18). Its association with microvascular complications was analysed with SPSS 23 software. Other baseline clinical parameters and demographic profile were also analysed. RESULT Among 226 patients (151 males, 75 females), cardiac abnormality was found in 29.2% patients. Diabetic microvascular complications (e.g. neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy) were strongly associated with it (each with p < 0.0001) in addition to dyslipidaemia, history of hypertension, higher body mass index and poor glycaemic parameters. Among them, proteinuria showed a linear inverse relationship without any specific cutoff value. CONCLUSION It was found that sub-clinical left ventricular dysfunction was found in significantly high proportion among patients with microvascular complications. Hence, routine screening of all diabetics for such complications and subsequently high-risk patients undergoing strain echocardiography can be a very cost-effective diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
- Shankar Roy, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences–Rishikesh, Residential Complex, Building No. 84 (Room No 84218), Rishikesh 249201, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism (Department of Internal Medicine), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Barun Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Khapre
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
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Kumari S, Dhawan P, Panda PK, Bairwa M, Pai VS. Rising visceral leishmaniasis in Holy Himalayas (Uttarakhand, India) - A cross-sectional hospital-based study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1362-1369. [PMID: 32509616 PMCID: PMC7266208 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1174_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apart from the rarity of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in high altitude (>2000 ft), the combination triad of VL, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome, and Himalayas is rarely being reported. Here, we studied the triad in the Himalayan region, attending a single tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analysis of case records of seven confirmed VL patients. A systematic master chart review analyzed the demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome details of these patients. Results: These cases were diagnosed as VL by clinical findings and confirmed by rk-39 anti-body and demonstration of LD bodies in bone marrow smears. All cases without any travel history to endemic regions presented with prolonged fever (>1 months duration), anorexia, weight loss, and having hepatosplenomegaly and bi-or pan-cytopenia. All cases were having HLH, confirmed based on the HScore system (online calculation), and liver injury having transaminitis. Kidney involvement was seen in 27% cases. All cases improved with liposomal amphotericin-B, but one had cardiac arrest after blood transfusion reaction. Conclusion: Clinician of the non-endemic zone should suspect VL in patients with fever of unknown origin and have a high suspicion in cases of HLH and liver involvement and vice versa. Kidney involvement is seen in one-third of the VL cases. Liposomal amphotericin-B is recommended in this region. The leishmaniasis prevalent in these areas should further be subject to comparison with endemic parts, and a large-scale study is needed to find the reason of the rising vector from the holy Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Kumari
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Dhawan
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Venkatesh S Pai
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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