1
|
Oladigbolu KK, Bunce C, Raji LA, Abah ER, Umar MM, Buchan JC. Visual outcome following posterior capsule rupture during manual small incision cataract surgery. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:948-953. [PMID: 34121746 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_272_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The quality of cataract surgery can be measured by visual outcome, which is sometimes limited by intraoperative complications, most commonly posterior capsular rupture. Aims The aim of the study was to assess visual outcome at the last visit (≥8 weeks) following posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in patients who had manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) managed without access to an automated vitrector. Methods A review of medical records of all manual small incision cataract surgeries performed between January 2013 and December 2016 at the National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria was conducted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed using STATA 14.0 to examine risk factors for the development of a poor visual outcome and to assess the impact of PCR on development of poor visual outcome. Results In total, 405 patients were operated on with MSICS (50.6% males). Mean age was 62.4 (SD 12.6) years. PCR was the most common complication (n = 19 (4.7%)). The proportion of good outcomes (≥6/18) rose from 12.4% non-PCR and 0.0% for those with PCR at day 1 postoperative review, to 71.5 and 26.3%, respectively, by final follow up (P = 0.001). Patients with PCR were 7.0 (P = 0.0001) times more likely to have borderline/poor visual outcome (<6/18) compared to those without PCR. Age >60 years increased the odds of borderline/poor by 1.4 times (P = 0.002). Conclusion PCR significantly affects the visual outcome of cataract patients in settings with no facilities for automated vitrectomy. Minimizing complications will improve visual outcome of cataract patients and increase uptake of cataract surgical services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Oladigbolu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - C Bunce
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London (KCL), UK
| | - L A Raji
- Department of Community Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - E R Abah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - M M Umar
- Department of Community Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - J C Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Adamu MD, Ladan M, Willis R, Umar MM, Alada J, Aliero AA, Bakhtiari A, Flueckiger RM, Olobio N, Nwosu C, Damina M, Gwom A, Labbo AA, Boisson S, Isiyaku S, William A, Rabiu MM, Pavluck AL, Gordon BA, Solomon AW. Impact Survey Results after SAFE Strategy Implementation in 15 Local Government Areas of Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara States, Nigeria. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019; 25:103-114. [PMID: 30806537 PMCID: PMC6444276 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1481984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine prevalence of trachoma after interventions in 15 local government areas (LGAs) of Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara States, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based impact survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected, except in Arewa LGA, where we selected 25 villages from each of four subunits to obtain finer-resolution prevalence information. Villages were selected with probability proportional to size. In each village, 25 households were enrolled and all consenting residents aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Information on sources of household water and types of sanitation facilities used was collected through questioning and direct observation. Results: The number of households enrolled per LGA ranged from 623 (Kware and Tangaza) to 2488 (Arewa). There have been marked reductions in the prevalence of TF and TT since baseline surveys were conducted in all 15 LGAs. Eight of the 15 LGAs have attained TF prevalences <5% in children, while 10 LGAs have attained TT prevalences <0.2% in persons aged ≥15 years. Between 49% and 96% of households had access to water for hygiene purposes within 1 km of the household, while only 10–59% had access to improved sanitation facilities. Conclusion: Progress towards elimination of trachoma has been made in these 15 LGAs. Collaboration with water and sanitation agencies and community-based trichiasis surgery are still needed in order to eliminate trachoma by the year 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mpyet
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.,b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.,c Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Joel Alada
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria.,h Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Olobio
- j National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Boisson
- l Department of Public Health, the Environment and Social Determinants of Health , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Gordon
- l Department of Public Health, the Environment and Social Determinants of Health , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- n Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom.,o London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , United Kingdom.,p Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muhammad N, Mpyet C, Adamu MD, William A, Umar MM, Muazu H, Onyebuchi U, Isiyaku S, Flueckiger RM, Chu BK, Willis R, Pavluck A, Dalhatu A, Ogoshi C, Olobio N, Gordon BA, Solomon AW, For The Global Trachoma Mapping Project. Prevalence of trachoma in the area councils of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria: results of six population-based surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019; 25:11-17. [PMID: 30806532 PMCID: PMC6444205 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1367409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) global trachoma elimination programme recommends mapping of trachoma at district level for planning of elimination activities in affected populations. This study aimed to provide data on trachoma prevalence for the Area Councils of Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Methods: Using the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols, in March and April 2014, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in each of the six Area Councils of FCT. Signs were defined based on the WHO simplified grading scheme. Results: 98% to 100% of the targeted households were enrolled in each Area Council. The number of children aged 1–9 years examined per Area Council ranged from 867 to 1248. The number of persons aged ≥15 years examined ranged from 1302 to 1836. The age-adjusted prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular in 1–9-year-olds was <5% in each Area Council. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.0% to 0.3%; two Area Councils (Gwagwalada and Kwali) had prevalences above the 0.2% elimination threshold. The proportion of households with access to improved latrines and water sources ranged from 17 to 90% and 39 to 85% respectively. Conclusions: Gwagwalada and Kwali Area Councils need to perform more trichiasis surgeries to attain the trichiasis elimination prevalence target of 0.2% in persons aged ≥15 years. No Area Council requires mass antibiotic administration for the purposes of trachoma’s elimination as a public health problem. All Area Councils need to accelerate provision of access to improved water sources and latrine facilities, to achieve universal coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasiru Muhammad
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Caleb Mpyet
- b Ophthalmology Department , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.,c Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.,d Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology International, Division of Ophthalmology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Adamani William
- b Ophthalmology Department , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Sunday Isiyaku
- b Ophthalmology Department , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria
| | | | - Brian K Chu
- h Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | | | - Alex Pavluck
- h Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | - Abbas Dalhatu
- i Federal Capital Territory Health Services , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Chris Ogoshi
- n Health and Development Support Programme , Jos , Nigeria
| | | | - Bruce A Gordon
- j Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom.,l London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , United Kingdom.,m Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Adamu MD, Umar MM, Tafida A, Ogoshi C, Maidaura A, Isiyaku S, William A, Willis R, Bakhtiari A, Olobio N, Solomon AW, for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project. Prevalence of Trachoma in Four Local Government Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018; 25:86-92. [PMID: 30806552 PMCID: PMC6444196 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1467468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of trachoma and water and sanitation coverage in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria: Birnin Kudu, Buji, Dutse and Kiyawa. METHODOLOGY A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each LGA using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. From each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-population size sampling; in each village, 25 households were selected using the random walk technique. All residents aged ≥1 year in selected households were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis, defined according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading scheme definitions. Water, sanitation and hygiene data were also collected through questioning and direct observation. RESULTS In 2458 households of four LGAs, 10,669 residents were enumerated. A total of 9779 people (92% of residents) were examined, with slightly more females examined (5012; 51%) than men. In children aged 1-9 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of TF ranged from 5.1% (95% CI 2.5-9.0%) in Birnin Kudu to 12.8% (95% CI 7.6-19.4%) in Kiyawa, while the age- and gender-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years ranged from 1.9% (95% CI 1.4-2.5%) in Birnin Kudu to 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.0) in Dutse. Access to improved water sources was above 80% in all LGAs surveyed but access to improved sanitation facilities was low, ranging from 23% in Buji to 50% in Kiyawa. CONCLUSION Trachoma is a public health problem in all four LGAs surveyed. The full SAFE strategy needs to be implemented to achieve trachoma elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mpyet
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Sightsavers, Kaduna, Nigeria
- Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology International, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony W. Solomon
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Adamu MD, Muazu H, Umar MM, Goyol M, Yahaya HB, Onyebuchi U, Ogoshi C, Hussaini T, Isiyaku S, William A, Flueckiger RM, Chu BK, Willis R, Pavluck AL, Olobio N, Phelan S, Macleod C, Solomon AW. Prevalence of Trachoma in Kano State, Nigeria: Results of 44 Local Government Area-Level Surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017; 24:195-203. [PMID: 28276755 PMCID: PMC6837865 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1265657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kano State, Nigeria. METHODS A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each Kano LGA. We used a two-stage systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy to select 25 households from each of 25 clusters in each LGA. All consenting household residents aged 1 year and above were examined for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis. RESULTS State-wide crude prevalence of TF in persons aged 1-9 years was 3.4% (95% CI 3.3-3.5%), and of trichiasis in those aged ≥15 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.1-2.4%). LGA-level age- and sex-adjusted trichiasis prevalence in those aged ≥15 years ranged from 0.1% to 2.9%. All but 4 (9%) of 44 LGAs had trichiasis prevalences in adults above the elimination threshold of 0.2%. State-wide prevalence of trichiasis in adult women was significantly higher than in adult men (2.6% vs 1.8%; OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7; p = 0.001). Four of 44 LGAs had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds between 10 and 15%, while another six LGAs had TF prevalences between 5 and 9.9%. In 37 LGAs, >80% of households had access to water within 30 minutes round-trip, but household latrine access was >80% in only 19 LGAs. CONCLUSION Trichiasis is a public health problem in most LGAs in Kano. Surgeons need to be trained and deployed to provide community-based trichiasis surgery, with emphasis on delivery of such services to women. Antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement are needed in 10 LGAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mpyet
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.,b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Musa Goyol
- f Netherlands Leprosy Relief , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Hadi Bala Yahaya
- g Department of Ophthalmology , Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital , Kano , Nigeria
| | - Uwazoeke Onyebuchi
- h National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Chu
- k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas Olobio
- h National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Sophie Phelan
- l Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Colin Macleod
- m Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- l Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland.,m Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,n London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muhammad N, Mpyet C, Adamu MD, William A, Umar MM, Goyol M, Muazu H, Onyebuchi U, Isiyaku S, Flueckiger RM, Chu BK, Willis R, Pavluck AL, Alhassan A, Olobio N, Gordon BA, Solomon AW. Mapping Trachoma in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Results of 23 Local Government Area-Level, Population-Based Prevalence Surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:46-54. [PMID: 27918227 PMCID: PMC5706975 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1250918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To prepare for global elimination of trachoma by 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mapping of trachoma at district-level to enable planning of elimination activities in affected populations. The aim of our study was to provide data on trachoma for each local government area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria, as such data were previously unavailable. METHOD As part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP), a population-based cross-sectional trachoma survey was conducted in each of the 23 LGAs of Kaduna State, between May and June 2013. The protocols of the GTMP were used. RESULTS The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years was between 0.03% and 8% across the LGAs, with only one LGA (Igabi) having a TF prevalence ≥5%. The LGA-level prevalences of trichiasis in persons aged 15 years and older were between 0.00% and 0.78%. Eleven LGAs had trichiasis prevalences of 0.2% and over in adults; a threshold equivalent to 1 case per 1000 total population. The LGA-level proportion of households with access to improved water sources ranged from 9% to 96%, while household access to latrines ranged from 5% to 99%. CONCLUSION Kaduna State has generally hypoendemic trachoma, but a few trichiasis surgeries are still required to attain the WHO elimination targets. Better access to improved water and sanitation is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasiru Muhammad
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Caleb Mpyet
- b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.,c Ophthalmology Department , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Chu
- h Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Gordon
- j Water Sanitation and Hygiene, Department of Public Health , Social and Environmental Determinants of Health, World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,l London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adamu MD, Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Umar MM, Muazu H, Olamiju F, Isiyaku S, Onyebuchi U, Bosso UA, William A, Nwobi BC, Willis R, Flueckiger RM, Pavluck A, Chu BK, Olobio N, Solomon AW. Prevalence of Trachoma in Niger State, North Central Nigeria: Results of 25 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Carried Out with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:63-69. [PMID: 27918223 PMCID: PMC5706972 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1242757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in each of the 25 local government areas (LGAs) of Niger State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each Niger State LGA between March and April 2014, as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). GTMP protocols were used in planning and conduct of the surveys. Using probability proportional to size, 25 clusters were selected; in each of these clusters, 25 households were enrolled for the survey. All residents aged 1 year and older were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Additionally, we collected data on household water and sanitation facilities. Results: Only one LGA (Kontagora) had TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds above 10%; one other LGA (Rafi) had TF prevalence between 5.0 and 9.9%. Six LGAs need trichiasis surgical services provided to achieve a prevalence of <1 case of trichiasis per 1000 total population. The proportion of households with access to improved water sources ranged from 23 to 100%, while household-level access to improved latrines ranged from 8 to 100% across the LGAs. Conclusion: The prevalence of trachoma is relatively low in most of Niger State. There is a need for community-based trichiasis surgical services in a small number of LGAs. The trachoma elimination program could engage water and sanitation agencies to augment access to improved water and sanitation facilities, for human rights reasons. Kontagora and Rafi need community-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of active trachoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Caleb Mpyet
- b Sightsavers, Nigeria country office , Kaduna , Nigeria.,c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- a Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Sunday Isiyaku
- b Sightsavers, Nigeria country office , Kaduna , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Chu
- i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur, GA , USA
| | | | - Anthony W Solomon
- j Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Adamu MD, Muazu H, Umar MM, Abdull M, Alada J, Goyol M, Onyebuchi U, Olamiju F, Isiyaku S, William A, Nwobi BC, Willis R, Flueckiger RM, Pavluck A, Chu BK, Olobio N, Solomon AW. Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:39-45. [PMID: 27846369 PMCID: PMC5706969 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1238945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trichiasis in each of the 20 local government areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State, Nigeria. METHODS We undertook a population-based prevalence survey in each LGA in Bauchi State, employing the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 2-stage, systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy. Using probability proportional to size, we selected 25 clusters, in each of which 25 households were selected by random walk. All residents of selected households 1 year and older were examined for TF, trachomatous inflammation - intense, and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. RESULTS Only two LGAs in Bauchi State had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds over 5%, with none having TF prevalences of 10% or greater. Only one LGA had a trichiasis prevalence in adults below the elimination threshold; all the others had trichiasis at levels suggestive of public health significance. In all 20 LGAs, more than 60% of households were within 1 km of an improved source of water for hygiene. CONCLUSION Efforts need to be made in Bauchi State to provide trichiasis surgery in order to avert trachomatous blindness. Water supplies needs to be sustained and good personal hygiene practices assured so that elimination of trachoma as a public health problem will be achieved and sustained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mpyet
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.,b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mohammed Abdull
- g Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital , Bauchi , Nigeria
| | - Joel Alada
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Musa Goyol
- h Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Jos , Nigeria
| | - Uwaezuoke Onyebuchi
- i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin C Nwobi
- i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Alex Pavluck
- k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | - Brian K Chu
- k Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | - Nicholas Olobio
- i National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- l Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,m London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mpyet C, Muhammad N, Adamu MD, Muazu H, Umar MM, Alada J, Onyebuchi U, Olamiju F, Isiyaku S, William A, Willis R, Flueckiger RM, Pavluck A, Chu BK, Mohammed D, Olobio N, Solomon AW. Trachoma Mapping in Gombe State, Nigeria: Results of 11 Local Government Area Surveys. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:406-411. [PMID: 27726459 PMCID: PMC6839962 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1230633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the need or otherwise for establishment of a trachoma elimination program in Gombe State, Nigeria, by estimating the population-based prevalence of trachoma in each Local Government Area (LGA) of Gombe. Methods Using a multi-stage, systematic, random, and quasi-random sampling approach and Global Trachoma Mapping Project support, we selected 25 clusters in each LGA. In each cluster, we selected 25 households and all consenting residents aged 1 year and older were examined for trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Results No LGA in Gombe State had a TF prevalence ≥5% in 1–9-year-olds. All LGAs had trichiasis prevalences above the elimination threshold and should be targeted for community-based delivery of trichiasis surgery. Only three LGAs had household-level improved wash water access of greater than 80%. Access to improved sanitation facilities was also poor as household access to improved sanitation facilities was above 80% in only one LGA. Conclusion A trachoma program focused on delivery of trichiasis surgery is required in Gombe. Improvements in water and sanitation, through engagement with other sectors, are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Mpyet
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Jos , Jos , Nigeria.,b Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dantani Adamu
- d Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department , Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joel Alada
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Nigeria
| | - Uwazoeke Onyebuchi
- g National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Chu
- i Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
| | | | - Nicholas Olobio
- g National Trachoma Control Program, Department of Public Health , Federal Ministry of Health , Abuja , Nigeria
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- k Clinical Research Department , London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,l London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, and near vision spectacle coverage in a rural population of Northwestern Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional prevalence study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six hundred and fifty people of at least 40 years of age, in 13 clusters (50 per cluster) were examined using a multi-stage random sampling with probability proportional to size. The survey was conducted from April 7 to 28, 2012 at Bungudu Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Presbyopia was defined as the inability to read N8 at 40 cm. Presbyopic Spectacle Correction Coverage (PSCC) was calculated, and information on barriers to using near vision spectacles identified. RESULTS The crude prevalence of presbyopia was 30.4%, 95% CI: (26.8%-34.1%). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P=0.0005) and individuals with at least secondary education (P=0.022). The age specific prevalence of presbyopia was three times (63.5%) more among those aged 70 years and above, as compared to those within 40-49 years age group (19.3%). The met need was 0.2%, the unmet need 30.2%, and a PSCC of 0.7%. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were unawareness and lack of felt need. CONCLUSION The prevalence of presbyopia in Bungudu is relatively low compared to other reports with major risk factors being increasing age, female sex and attainment of higher education. The presbyopic spectacles correction coverage is very low with high unmet need thus there is a need to create awareness, and provide affordable and accessible optical services in the affected population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murtala Muhammad Umar
- Zamfara State Eye Care Programme, King Fahad IBN Abdul-Azeez Women and Children Hospital, Zamfara State, Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Muhammad
- Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|