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VanNostrand M, Bae M, Ramsdell JC, Kasser SL. Information processing speed and disease severity predict real-world ambulation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture 2024; 111:99-104. [PMID: 38657478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in real-world gait quality and quantity are multifaceted for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), encompassing mobility, cognition, and fear of falling. However, these factors are often examined independently, limiting insights into the combined contributions they make to real-world ambulation. RESEARCH QUESTION How do mobility, cognition, and fear of falling contribute to real-world gait quality and quantity in individuals with MS? METHODS Twenty individuals with MS underwent a series of cognitive assessments, including the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT), Stroop Test, and the Selective Reminding Test (SRT). Participants also completed the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I) and walking impairment using the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS). Following the in-lab session, participants wore an inertial sensor on their lower back and asked to go about their typical daily routines for three days. Metrics of gait speed, stride regularity, time spent walking, and total bouts were extracted from the real-world data. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between both real-world gait speed and stride regularity and the SDMT, FES-I, and PDDS. Backward linear regression analysis was conducted for gait speed and stride regularity, with PDDS and SDMT included in the final model for both metrics. These variables explained 63% of the variance in gait speed and 69% of the variance in stride regularity. Results were not significant for gait quantity after adjusting for age and sex. SIGNIFICANCE The study's results provide insight regarding the roles of cognition, walking impairment, and fear of falling on real-world ambulation. Deeper understanding of these contributions can inform the development of targeted interventions that aim to improve walking. Additionally, the absence of significant correlations between gait metrics, cognition, and fear of falling with gait quantity underscores the need for further research to identify factors that increased walking in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael VanNostrand
- University of Vermont, Rehabilitation and Movement Science, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Myeongjin Bae
- University of Vermont, Rehabilitation and Movement Science, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - John C Ramsdell
- University of Vermont, Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Susan L Kasser
- University of Vermont, Rehabilitation and Movement Science, Burlington, VT, USA
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Gell NM, Dittus K, Caefer J, Martin A, Bae M, Patel KV. Remotely delivered exercise to older rural cancer survivors: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:596-605. [PMID: 36374436 PMCID: PMC9662104 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the feasibility of remotely delivered exercise (tele-exercise) for older, rural cancer survivors and to explore the effects of tele-exercise on physical function, physical activity, and patient-reported outcomes. METHODS Participants were rural cancer survivors age ≥ 60 years (79% female; mean age 70.4 ± 5.7) randomly assigned to the remotely delivered EnhanceFitness (tele-EF) exercise program, inclusive of aerobic, strength, and balance training and led by American Council on Exercise certified instructors for 1 h, 3 days/week for 16 weeks (n = 20) or to a waitlist control group (n = 19). We assessed feasibility, physical function, accelerometer-measured physical activity, and patient-reported outcomes at baseline and post intervention. RESULTS Among those screened as eligible, 44 (64%) consented to participate with 39 randomized after completing baseline measures. Attrition was equivalent between groups (n = 1, each) with 95% completing the study. The median class attendance rate was 86.9% (interquartile range: 79-94%). Compared to controls, tele-EF participants had statistically significant improvement in the five-time sit-to-stand test (- 3.4 vs. - 1.1 s, p = 0.03, effect size = 0.44), mean daily light physical activity (+ 38.5 vs 0.5 min, p = 0.03, effect size = 0.72) and step counts (+ 1977 vs. 33, p = 0.01, effect size = 0.96). There were no changes in self-efficacy for exercise, fatigue, or sleep disturbance between groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that tele-EF is feasible in older, rural cancer survivors and results in positive changes in physical function and physical activity. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Tele-EF addresses common barriers to exercise for older, rural cancer survivors, including limited accessible opportunities for professional instruction and supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Gell
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, 306B Rowell 106 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Kim Dittus
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jacqueline Caefer
- Department of Physical Therapy Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Martin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, 306B Rowell 106 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Myeongjin Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, 306B Rowell 106 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kushang V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Gell NM, Bai Y, Herbert M, Hoffman EV, Reynolds R, Bae M, Dittus K, Phelan EA, Patel KV. Exercise Intensity Among Older Adults Participating From Home in Remotely Delivered EnhanceFitness. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:972-977. [PMID: 37369368 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine exercise intensity among older adults participating from home in remotely delivered EnhanceFitness (Tele-EF). Exercise intensity was assessed through Fitbit-measured heart rate and the Borg 10-point rating of perceived exertion over 1 week of a 16-week exercise program. Outcomes included mean minutes spent at or above the heart rate reserve calculated threshold for moderate intensity and mean rating of perceived exertion. Pearson and Spearman rank correlations were used to examine associations between baseline characteristics with exercise intensity. During the 60-min classes, the 55 participants achieved moderate intensity for a mean of 21.0 min (SD = 13.5) and had a mean rating of perceived exertion of 4.9 (SD = 1.2). There were no significant associations between baseline characteristics and exercise intensity. Older adults can achieve sustained moderate-intensity exercise during Tele-EF supervised classes. Baseline physical function, physical activity, and other health characteristics did not limit ability to exercise at a moderate intensity, though further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Gell
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT,USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,USA
| | - Melanie Herbert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
| | - Elise V Hoffman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
| | - Rebecca Reynolds
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT,USA
| | - Myeongjin Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT,USA
| | - Kim Dittus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT,USA
| | - Elizabeth A Phelan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
| | - Kushang V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,USA
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Gell NM, Bae M, Patel KV, Schmitz K, Dittus K, Toth M. Physical function in older adults with and without a cancer history: Findings from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3498-3507. [PMID: 37431861 PMCID: PMC10782821 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies identified physical function limitations in older cancer survivors, but few have included objective measures and most focused on breast and prostate cancer survivors. The current study compared patient-reported and objective physical function measures between older adults with and without a cancer history. METHODS Our cross-sectional study used a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling, Medicare beneficiaries from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 7495). Data collected included patient-reported physical function, including a composite physical capacity score and limitations in strength, mobility, and balance, and objectively measured physical performance metrics, including gait speed, five time sit-to-stand, tandem stand, and grip strength. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex sampling design. RESULTS Thirteen percent of participants (n = 829) reported a history of cancer, of which more than half (51%) reported a diagnosis other than breast or prostate cancer. In models adjusted for demographics and health history, older cancer survivors had lower Short Physical Performance Battery scores (unstandardized beta [B] = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.08), slower gait speed (B = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01), reduced grip strength (B = -0.86; 95% CI: -1.44, -0.27), worse patient-reported composite physical capacity (B = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.18) and patient-reported upper extremity strength (B = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50) compared to older adults without cancer. Additionally, the burden of physical function limitations was greater in women than in men, which may be explained by cancer type. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend studies in breast and prostate cancer to show worse objective and patient-reported physical function outcomes in older adults with a range of cancer types compared to those without a cancer history. Moreover, these burdens seem to disproportionately affect older adult women, underscoring the need for interventions to address functional limitations and prevent further health consequences of cancer and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Gell
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Myeongjin Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Kushang V. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Kathryn Schmitz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kim Dittus
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Michael Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
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Giroux C, Sogoloff B, Bergmans L, Bae M, Vannostrand M, Kasser SL. An Exploratory Study of Community Mobility in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis Across Different Ambulation Levels. Int J MS Care 2023; 25:145-151. [PMID: 37469334 PMCID: PMC10353691 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2022-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify differences in community mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) at various ambulation levels. METHODS Seventy-one adults with MS completed a survey about their mobility impairment and avoidance of challenging mobility tasks. Individuals were categorized as having mild, moderate, or severe gait impairment. RESULTS Participants across the different functional groups significantly differed in perceived ambulation disability, fatigue impact, falls efficacy, quality of life, challenges with dual-tasking, and self-efficacy for community mobility. There were no significant differences between the mild and moderate gait impairment groups in crossing a busy street or going out in different ambient conditions. Significant differences were found between those with mild impairment and those with severe impairment in avoidance of various terrain elements, heavy manual doors, postural transitions, attentional situations, and crowded places. The only environmental dimension that significantly differed across all 3 groups was carrying 2 or more items, in which avoidance increased as ambulation worsened. CONCLUSIONS Avoidance behavior for particular environmental features can begin relatively early in the disease process. This underscores the need to further study mobility differences, community ambulation, and participation restrictions in adults with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Giroux
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
| | - Barbara Sogoloff
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
| | - Lance Bergmans
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
| | - Myeongjin Bae
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
| | - Michael Vannostrand
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
| | - Susan L. Kasser
- From the Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA (CG, BS, LB, MB, MV, SLK)
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Bae M, Kasser SL. High intensity exercise training on functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 75:104748. [PMID: 37178578 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest and evidence for high intensity training (HIT) in clinical populations, including persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). While HIT has been shown to be a safe modality in this group, it is still unclear what collective knowledge exists for HIT on functional outcomes. This study examined HIT modalities (e.g., aerobic, resistance, functional training) on functional outcomes such as walking, balance, postural control, and mobility in persons with MS. METHODS High intensity training studies, including RCTs and non-RCTs, that targeted functional outcomes in persons with MS were included in the review. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTSDiscus, and CINAHL in April 2022. Other literature search methods were performed via website and citation searching. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by TESTEX for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. This review synthesized the following data: study design and characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and effect sizes. RESULTS Thirteen studies (6 RCTs and 7 non-RCTs) were included in the systematic review. The included participants (N = 375) had varying functional levels (EDSS range: 0-6.5) and phenotypes (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive). HIT modalities involving high intensity aerobic training (n = 4), high intensity resistance training (n = 7), and high intensity functional training (n = 2), revealed a significant and consistent benefit on walking speed and walking endurance in response to HIT, while the evidence regarding balance and mobility improvement was less clear. CONCLUSION Persons with MS can successfully tolerate and adhere to HIT. While HIT appears to be an effective modality for improving some functional outcomes, the heterogeneous testing protocols, HIT modalities, and exercise doses among the studies preclude any conclusive evidence for its effectiveness thus necessitating future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Susan L Kasser
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
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Conejos J, Kim J, Yadana Moe T, Choe W, Bae M, Lee J, Lee J, Lee B, Park J, Moon J, Lee H. PSXII-17 Supplementing ten essential amino acids alters beta-casein expression and cell and medium protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Conejos
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Yadana Moe
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - W Choe
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- CJ CheilJedang Research Institute of Biotechnology,Suwon, Republic of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - B Lee
- CJ CheilJedang Research Institute of Biotechnology,Suwon, Republic of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - J Park
- CJ CheilJedang Research Institute of Biotechnology,Suwon, Republic of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - J Moon
- CJ CheilJedang Research Institute of Biotechnology,Suwon, Republic of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University,Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee D, Bae M, Seo EJ. 515P Clinical significance of bone marrow chromosomal analysis in rhabdomyosarcoma. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw597.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim H, Lee Y, Jo N, Bae M, Lee J. The Effect of Food Restraint and Disinhibition Level on Time Course of Visual Attention to High-Calorie Food. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bae M, Cho S, Song J, Lee GY, Kim K, Yang J, Cho K, Kim SY, Byun Y. Metalloprotease-specific poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-peptide-doxorubicin conjugate for targeting anticancer drug delivery based on angiogenesis. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2003; 29:15-23. [PMID: 12866360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a novel cancer-targeting drug-delivery system based on angiogenesis, in which the enzymatic activity of type IV collagenases is used to cleave the inactive drug conjugate, thereby activating drug fragments. In this study, the amount and distribution of metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 secreted from Lewis lung carcinoma (LCC) cells and the formation of blood vessels were evaluated by gelatin zymography, in situ film zymography and immunostaining. LLC cells secreted MMP-2 and MMP-9, thereby distributing large amounts of MMPs around a solid tumor. The newly developed blood vessels were also found in a solid LLC tumor. The anticancer drug conjugate (mPEG-GPLGV-DOX) was synthesized by conjugating doxorubicin with Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val (GPLGV) peptide and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG). GPLGV pentapeptide was used as a substrate for MMP-2 and MMP-9, where the cleavage of Gly-Val bond by MMP was expected. In addition, mPEG was grafted to peptide-doxorubicin conjugate to increase the circulation time in the body and to reduce the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug. The mPEG-GPLGV-DOX conjugate formed a micelle structure in aqueous solution, with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of about 0.25 mg/ml and a diameter of 73.1 +/- 12.7 nm at 1 mg/ml. In an in vivo experiment, mPEG-GPLGV-DOX showed 20% chemotherapeutic activity compared with free doxorubicin. Although a 50 mg/kg dose of mPEG-GPLGV-DOX showed similar therapeutic effects to a 10 mg/kg dose of doxorubicin, the life span of mice in the conjugate group was significantly increased. Therefore, an efficient anticancer drug-delivery system could be created by increasing therapeutic efficiency and decreasing drug-toxicity by optimizing the degradation rate of the peptide link by MMP and circulation time in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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Tocheri MW, Marzke MW, Liu D, Bae M, Jones GP, Williams RC, Razdan A. Functional capabilities of modern and fossil hominid hands: three-dimensional analysis of trapezia. Am J Phys Anthropol 2003; 122:101-12. [PMID: 12949830 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) trapezium models from Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Australopithecus afarensis (A.L.333-80), and Homo habilis (O.H.7-NNQ) were acquired through laser digitizing. Least-square planes were generated for each articular surface, and the angles between the planes were compared. Each extant species displays an overall pattern that distinguishes it from the others. The observed angles in G. gorilla and P. troglodytes are more similar to one other than either is to H. sapiens. Our results, obtained from using new 3D modeling and analytical tools, raise interesting questions about the functional capabilities of the fossil trapezia. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that A.L.333-80 is morphologically more similar to that of modern humans, whereas the O.H.7 trapezium is more similar to that of the gorilla. Significant differences between A.L.333-80 and the extant species occur, but some similarities to humans suggest the ability to form the distinctively human forceful pad-to-side and three-jaw chuck grips. Some key morphological differences from humans highlighted and quantified by our research suggest limitations in the functional capabilities of the O.H.7 trapezium, particularly in those that facilitate pronation at the base of the second metacarpal. If the O.H.7 trapezium represents part of the hand responsible for manufacturing and using the stone tools found at Olduvai, our results suggest that the hand manipulated the stones in a way for which we have no modern analog. Alternative considerations are that the O.H.7 trapezium is not representative of other trapezia from its species (i.e., N=1), or that it represents another primate or hominid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2402, USA.
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Bae M. Troglitazone but not rosiglitazone induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human and rat hepatoma cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s037842740200468x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Song BJ, Soh Y, Bae M, Pie J, Wan J, Jeong K. Apoptosis of PC12 cells by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is mediated through selective activation of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 130-132:943-54. [PMID: 11306108 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lipid peroxides such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) are produced when cells are exposed to toxic chemicals. However, the mechanism by which HNE induces cell death has been poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of HNE-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by measuring the activities of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases involved in early signal transduction pathways. Within 15-30 min after HNE treatment, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) was maximally activated, before returning to control level after 1 h post-treatment. In contrast, activities of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase remained unchanged from their basal levels. SEK1, an upstream kinase of JNK, was also activated (phosphorylated) within 5 min after HNE treatment and remained activated for up to 60 min. Marked activation of the JNK pathway through SEK1 was demonstrated by the transient transfection of cDNA for wild type SEK1 and JNK into COS-7 cells. Furthermore, significant reductions in JNK activation and HNE-induced cell death were observed when the dominant negative mutant of SEK1 was co-transfected with JNK. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with a survival promoting agent, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, prevented both the HNE-induced JNK activation and apoptosis. Nonaldehyde, a nontoxic aldehyde, caused neither apoptosis nor JNK activation. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, had no effect on HNE-induced apoptosis. All these data suggest that the HNE-mediated apoptosis of PC12 cells is likely to be mediated through the selective activation of the SEK1-JNK pathway without activation of ERK or p38 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 12420 Parklawn Drive, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Kwak H, Bae M, Lee M, Sung H, Shin J, Ahn G, Kim Y, Lee C, Cho M. Effects of cartap on the early-life stages of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:717-723. [PMID: 11080351 DOI: 10.1007/s0012800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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Bae M, Cha S, Kim C, Jung T, Park J. Direct invasion of the mediastinal lymph node by tumor in non-small cell lung cancer: T4 or N2 disease? Lung Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shin M, Kim B, Mar W, Fang M, Son J, Kim M, Kwak H, Bae M, Byun T, Park S, Chun B, Byun J, An G, Lee B, Cho M. Mutagenicity of recombinant antihemophilic factor (GC-gamma AHF). Arzneimittelforschung 2000; 50:316-21. [PMID: 10758786 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the mutagenic potential of recombinant antihemophilic factor VIII (GC-gamma AHF). Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) reversion assay with/without histidine moiety, chromosomal aberration assay on Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells and supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood were performed. GC-gamma AHF containing histidine did show inconsistent and irregular mutagenic effects on S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 both in the absence and presence of the metabolic activation system, however, GC-gamma AHF without histidine showed no mutagenic effects regardless of the metabolic activation system, thus suggesting that the histidine moiety in GC-gamma AHF might cause inconsistent mutagenic effect. Also GC-gamma AHF did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in the cytogenetic test. In classical and supravital micronucleus assay, no significant increases were observed in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated peripheral lymphocytes in male ICR mice. These results strongly indicate that GC-gamma AHF has no genetic toxicity under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Kim SS, Kim EY, Park KY, Suh SD, Park HK, Shin YO, Bae M, Lee JS. Introduction of human immunodeficiency virus 2 infection into South Korea. Acta Virol 2000; 44:15-22. [PMID: 10989687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) share mode of transmission, their epidemiologic characteristics differ and international spread of HIV-2 has been limited. To investigate the extent of HIV-2 infection in South Korea and to clarify the characteristic of HIV-2 isolates, we describe epidemiological, serological and genetic analyses of five HIV-2 isolates from South Korea. Five of 964 HIV antibody-positive serum specimens showed positive reactivity by HIV1/2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA), HIV-2 Western blot analysis, HIV-2 particle agglutination (PA) test and line immunoassay (LIA) but negative or indeterminate one by HIV-1 PA test and HIV-1 Western blot analysis. To confirm HIV-2 infection by genetic analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on five HIV-2 seropositive samples. PCR products from gag (197 bp) and env gene regions (137 bp) were obtained with three of the five samples with HIV-2 specific gag primers and with all the five samples with env primers. To obtain larger sequences for a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, we performed PCR for a 1191 bp env region of HIV-2 but only two such products were obtained. For the phylogenetic analysis, three 197 bp gag and two 1191 bp env PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Based on the gag and env sequences alignments, three isolates (KR4063, KR7051 and KR8091) were clustered phylogenetically within HIV-2 subtype A. In conclusion, HIV-2 virus is present in South Korea and was detected in five subjects. Furthermore, the prevalence of HIV-2 infection should be monitored continuously in South Korea to assess the spread of this virus and to assist in the diagnosis of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kim
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Although the issue of uncompensated care (bad debt plus charity care) has been actively debated in the public arena, there has been little discussion of the bad debt issue alone. This issue is important since issues of bad debt, charity care and uncompensated care are significantly different from each other. Based on 1992 State of Missouri data, the results of our study indicate that more efficient hospitals (measured by occupancy rate), hospitals with more patients covered by prospective payment systems (measured by Medicare discharges), and for-profit hospitals incurred significantly less bad debt cost than other hospitals. However, the difference in bad debt between for-profit hospitals and not-for-profit hospitals is dissipated when using a multivariate statistical model. In addition, this study also reveals that hospitals which provide more charity care have the lowest bad debt costs. Policy implications are also discussed.
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Kwon IW, Bae M. Health status of Asian Pacific Americans in Missouri. Mo Med 1995; 92:648-52. [PMID: 8559128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic increase in Asian Pacific Americans has created a different set of social, economic and health issues for the country as well as for this state. Asian Pacific Americans are extremely heterogeneous and bipolar in socioeconomic status and health issues. Asian Pacific Islander Americans come from over 43 countries and speak over 100 languages and dialects. This study reveals that in this state, 23% of Asian Pacific American households are linguistically isolated. Almost 20% of Asian Pacific American families (married couples with children under 5 years old) have an income below the poverty line. The need for severe mental health service is four times higher for southeast Asian refugees than the overall population. The death rates from communicable disease and suicide are lowest for Asian Pacific Americans, and for Asian Pacific Americans, the age-adjusted death rates are widely different. For example, people with Hawaiian background appear to have a high incidence of death from heart disease (363.3 per 100,000) whereas Chinese experienced a higher incidence of death from cancer (70.2 per 100,000). The Asian Pacific Americans have the lowest infant mortality rate. This paper suggests that providers, educators and legislators should pay more attention to Asian Pacific American communities regarding socioeconomic and health care needs to create a healthy and productive community.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Kwon
- St. Louis University School of Business & Administration, MO 63108, USA
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