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Zanuzzi CN, Bravi ME, Scrochi MR, Nishida F, Fuentealba NA, Diessler ME, Sguazza HG, Muglia CI, Gimeno EJ, Portiansky EL, Barbeito CG, Galosi CM. Microvascular lesions and changes in cell proliferation and death, and cytokine expression in the placentas of mice experimentally infected with Equid Herpesvirus 1. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:121-128. [PMID: 27892860 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the changes observed in the placentas of mice experimentally infected with an abortigenic strain of EHV-1 at mid-pregnancy and euthanized at days 3 and 4 post-infection. We analyzed microscopic vascular alterations, cell proliferation and death by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and the IL-10 by qPCR and flow cytometry. Infected mice showed slight respiratory signs and ruffled fur during the first two days post-infection. Virus isolation and DNA detection were positive only in the lungs of the infected mice. Vascular congestion, increase in the labyrinth area, and a significant reduction in fetal capillary endothelium surface of infected placentas were found. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in the infected placentas, whereas the apoptosis was significantly increased. IL10, TNF and IFN-γ showed different expression in the infected placentas and uteri. The effects of EHV-1 during pregnancy depend on different pathogenic mechanisms in which vascular alterations, and cell death and proliferation and local cytokine changes are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Zanuzzi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - M E Bravi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT), Argentina
| | - M R Scrochi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - F Nishida
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - N A Fuentealba
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M E Diessler
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - H G Sguazza
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - C I Muglia
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Immunological and Physiopathological Studies (IIFP), Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - E J Gimeno
- National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - E L Portiansky
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C M Galosi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Scientific Research Commission (CIC) of Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Valera AR, Fuentealba NA, Zanuzzi CN, Corva SG, Pecoraro MR, Barbeito CG, Galosi CM. Systemic infection induced by intranasal inoculation of Bovine herpesvirus 1.1 in pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:709-16. [PMID: 23602434 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) causes repeated outbreaks of upper respiratory disease and abortion in cattle. The systemic effects of BoHV-1.1 in rabbits, using intranasal inoculation are reported. Female rabbits were divided into four groups and inoculated with the virus 10 days before mating, and at 15 or 22 days of pregnancy. Studies of the clinical signs, antibody production, virus isolation, and DNA detection as well as histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on lungs, kidneys, spleen, placentas, uteri and foetal tissues. All virus-inoculated animals developed respiratory clinical signs and a humoral response. BoHV-1.1 was isolated from nasal swabs and plasma rich in leukocytes, and viral DNA was detected in blood, dead foetuses and placentas. Histopathological lesions were found in the respiratory tract and some placentas and foetuses were immunohistochemically positive. Intranasal inoculation might be useful to study the systemic effects of BoHV-1.1 infection in the rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Valera
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 & 118, P.O. Box 296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sguazza GH, Fuentealba NA, Tizzano MA, Galosi CM, Pecoraro MR. Complete genome amplification of equine influenza virus subtype 2. Rev Argent Microbiol 2009; 41:207-211. [PMID: 20085182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports a method for rapid amplification of the complete genome of equine influenza virus subtype 2 (H3N8). A ThermoScript reverse transcriptase instead of the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase or Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase was used. This enzyme has demonstrated higher thermal stability and is described as suitable to make long cDNA with a complex secondary structure. The product obtained by this method can be cloned, used in later sequencing reactions or nested-PCR with the purpose of achieving a rapid diagnosis and characterization of the equine influenza virus type A. This detection assay might be a valuable tool for diagnosis and screening of field samples as well as for conducting molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Sguazza
- Catedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Martínez JP, Martín Ocampos GP, Fernandez LC, Fuentealba NA, Cid de la Paz V, Barrandeguy M, Galosi CM. Detection of equine herpesvirus 1 genome 1B in Argentina. REV SCI TECH OIE 2006; 25:1075-9. [PMID: 17361771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine the genomic variation of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) isolated in Argentina between 1979 and the first half of 2004, DNA sequences from all 69 strains isolated were analysed. Sixty strains were recovered from aborted fetuses, one from leucocyte-rich plasma from a horse with respiratory signs and eight from cases of neonatal disease. The DNA was extracted from rabbit kidney epithelial (RK13) cells infected with each strain and digested with three restriction endonucleases (BamHI, Bg/II and KpnI). Two strains could be differentiated using BamHI restriction and were assigned to the EHV-1 1B prototype group. Only one of these two strains was typed EHV-1 1B with Bg/II. DNA digestion with KpnI was ineffective. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the EHV-1 1B genome has been present in Argentina since at least 1996. The finding of two strains with this electropherotype suggests that there is genomic heterogeneity among Argentinian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Martínez
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 & 118, CC296, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Galosi CM, Barbeito CG, Martin Ocampos GP, Martinez JP, Ayala MA, Corva SG, Fuentealba NA, Gimeno EJ. An Argentine equine herpesvirus strain with special restriction patterns protect mice challenged with a pathogenic strain. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2006; 53:412-7. [PMID: 17062117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) was first isolated in Argentina in 1979. This strain SPv has special restriction patterns, but a previous study demonstrated that SPv did not modify its growth in cell culture. In addition, it showed low virulence in the mouse respiratory model consistently with results found in female BALB/C at different state of gestation. This study evaluates in a mouse respiratory model, if primary infection with SPv strain protects animals from subsequent challenge with a pathogenic strain. Body weight loss was not observed in mice intranasally inoculated with SPv strain and challenged with HH1 Japanese strain. The SPv primary infection does not completely prevent clinical presentation by HH1 infection but the SPv inoculated animals recovered more quickly, with less intense and less persistent histological lesions. The challenge infection caused a rapid and prolonged increase in anti-EHV-1 antibodies in the mice previously infected with SPv, along with a more rapid reduction of viral titres in lungs. In this work it was demonstrated that this EHV-1 strain constitute a good immunogen. These results show that this SPv strain could be considered to produce an EHV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Galosi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aries, Argentina.
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