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Bush SH, Lawlor PG, Ryan K, Centeno C, Lucchesi M, Kanji S, Siddiqi N, Morandi A, Davis DHJ, Laurent M, Schofield N, Barallat E, Ripamonti CI. Delirium in adult cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:iv143-iv165. [PMID: 29992308 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S H Bush
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P G Lawlor
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K Ryan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin
- St Francis Hospice, Dublin
- School of Medicine, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Centeno
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Navarra Hospital, Pamplona
- Palliative Medicine Group, Oncology Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research IdiSNA, Pamplona
- ATLANTES Research Program, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Lucchesi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Kanji
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York
- Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - A Morandi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aged Care Unit, Ancelle Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - D H J Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, UK
| | - M Laurent
- Internal Medicine and Geriatric Department, APHP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil
- University Paris Est (UPE), UPEC A-TVB DHU, CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Aging) Unit EA 7376, Créteil, France
| | | | - E Barallat
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - C I Ripamonti
- Department of Onco-Haematology Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Shah N, Abeysundara L, Dutta P, Christodoulidou M, Wylie S, Richards T, Schofield N. The association of abdominal muscle with outcomes after scheduled abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:1107-1111. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Shah
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - L. Abeysundara
- Department of Anaesthesia and Royal Free Peri-operative Research Group; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - P. Dutta
- Department of Radiology; Lister Hospital; East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust; UK
| | - M. Christodoulidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - S. Wylie
- Department of Anaesthesia and Royal Free Peri-operative Research Group; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - T. Richards
- Department of Surgery; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - N. Schofield
- Department of Anaesthesia and Royal Free Peri-operative Research Group; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Schofield N, Sugavanam A, Henley M, Thompson K, Riddell A, Mallett SV. Anin vitrostudy comparing two dose regimes of fresh frozen plasma on conventional and thromboelastographic tests of coagulation after major hepatic resection. Transfus Med 2015; 25:85-91. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Henley
- Department of Anaesthesia; London UK
| | | | - A. Riddell
- KD Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis Unit; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
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Schofield N. Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Anaesthesia: Anaesthesia for Emergency Care J.Nolan & J.Soar (eds) Oxford University Press, 2012 ISBN 7980199588978, 400 pp. Price £34.99. Anaesthesia 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Schofield
- Fellow in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge; UK
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Pearson S, Chudleigh P, Simpson S, Schofield N. Learning to invest better: Using ex post investment analysis on agri-environmental research and development. Research Evaluation 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/reseval/rvs008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lowe J, Luber J, Levitsky S, Hantak E, Montgomery J, Schiestl N, Schofield N, Marra S. Evaluation of the topical hemostatic efficacy and safety of TISSEEL VH S/D fibrin sealant compared with currently licensed TISSEEL VH in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind clinical study. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2007; 48:323-31. [PMID: 17505437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM TISSEEL VH is the only commercially available fibrin sealant indicated as an adjunct to conventional methods of hemostasis during cardiac surgery. A next generation fibrin sealant (TISSEEL VH S/D) has been developed in frozen, ready-to-use form with an added virus inactivation step (solvent/detergent [S/D] treatment) to provide added safety and convenience to the currently licensed product. This study was performed to compare efficacy and safety of the two products. METHODS Phase 3, prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study to compare TISSEEL VH S/D to TISSEEL VH during cardiac surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis at the primary treatment site within 5 min, and maintained hemostasis until surgical closure. RESULTS The proportion of patients who achieved hemostasis at the primary treatment site within 5 min, and maintained hemostasis until surgical closure was 88.2% for TISSEEL VH S/D and 89.6% for TISSEEL VH in the intent-to-treat population. The difference in proportions, TISSEEL VH S/D minus TISSEEL VH, was 1.4% with a standard error of 3.70%. The lower 97.5% confidence bound of this difference was 8.6%, which is above the predefined noninferiority margin of 15%. Therefore, TISSEEL VH S/D is at least as efficacious as TISSEEL VH. The safety profile of TISSEEL VH S/D was very similar to that of currently licensed TISSEEL VH as assessed by the safety endpoints. CONCLUSION TISSEEL VH S/D is safe and effective for use as an adjunct to hemostasis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lowe
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Zhu Z, Ng K, Schofield N, Howe D. Improved analytical modelling of rotor eddy current loss in brushless machines equipped with surface-mounted permanent magnets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1049/ip-epa:20040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The neuropeptide, galanin, has been implicated to play a significant role in numerous physiological functions, including reproduction. Studies on several species have shown that galanin enhances gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone secretion. In rodents, a subset of GnRH neurones expresses galanin in a sexually dimorphic manner and it has been suggested that this may underpin the differences in GnRH secretion observed between the sexes. However, there are few data available for other species. Previous studies in sheep have shown that the distribution of GnRH neurones overlaps with galanin cells. The primary objectives of our study were to determine whether GnRH and galanin coexist in the sheep brain and, importantly, if a sex difference is apparent in the colocalization of these two peptides. Using immunocytochemistry coupled to high temperature antigen retrieval, we found that all GnRH neurones in the ovine brain colocalize with galanin. There is also a distinct population of galanin neurones that do not secrete GnRH. In addition, the distribution of galanin-immunoreactive cells was similar to that previously reported for colchicine treated ewes and, in agreement with earlier studies, the number of GnRH neurones did not differ between rams and ewes or between ewes killed at different stages of the oestrous cycle. These results suggest that, in sheep, GnRH and galanin may be cosecreted but the functional significance of this coexpression and possible cosecretion remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dufourny
- University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology, Laramie, WY 82071-3166, USA
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Schofield N, Burt A. Issues in environmental water allocation--an Australian perspective. Water Sci Technol 2003; 48:83-88. [PMID: 14653637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental water allocation is a critical issue in Australia and internationally. It has been prominent in Australia for a little over ten years during which time major policy and scientific advances have been made, but little implementation. This paper examines current understanding of environmental water allocation across a broad range of disciplines including the biophysical sciences, social sciences, economics, law, and policy. Development of practical methods for assessing environmental water requirements and experience with implementation in Australia are discussed. The paper concludes with thoughts on future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schofield
- Land and Water Australia, GPO Box 2181, Canberra, New South Wales, 2601, Australia
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Schofield N, Quinn J, Haddock G, Barrowclough C. Schizophrenia and substance misuse problems: a comparison between patients with and without significant carer contact. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001; 36:523-8. [PMID: 11824845 DOI: 10.1007/s001270170001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many researchers and clinicians in the mental health field have given much attention over the last few years to patients with co-morbid problems of schizophrenia and substance use. This population is becoming a focus of attention for all service providers owing to the suggested increase in numbers of patients with these dual diagnoses and the observed negative effects on patients and costs to services. The advantages for providing family interventions in schizophrenia are now well established and increasingly these interventions are being evaluated for families of dual diagnosis patients. Many dually diagnosed patients do not, however, have a great deal of contact with a carer/relative. This paper looks at whether differences exist between patients with a dual diagnosis that have carer contact and those who do not have carer contact in terms of their illness history and type of substance use. For the purpose of this article 'carer' refers to an individual who is an informal carer or relative with whom the client has weekly contact of 10 h. Many of these carers provide the client with emotional, physical and material support. METHOD The identification process for both'carer contact' and 'no carer contact' patients was conducted through the screening of the hospital's care programme approach (CPA) lists and through contact with care coordinators and consultants. Case notes of all patients identified were screened and information on demographic data, duration of illness, admissions and substance use was collected. RESULTS Results indicated that the 'no carer contact' group was older and had significantly more days in hospital at last admission. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that as patients get older their contact with significant others decreases, i. e. loss of contact with key relatives is due to age rather than severity of substance use. Furthermore, patients' reduced contact results in them having longer stays in hospital possibly because they will not receive additional support when discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schofield
- Academic Department of Clinical Psychology, Withington Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Barrowclough C, Haddock G, Tarrier N, Lewis SW, Moring J, O'Brien R, Schofield N, McGovern J. Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family intervention for patients with comorbid schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:1706-13. [PMID: 11579006 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity of substance abuse disorders with schizophrenia is associated with a greater risk for serious illness complications and poorer outcome. Methodologically sound studies investigating treatment approaches for patients with these disorders are rare, although recommendations for integrated and comprehensive treatment programs abound. This study investigates the relative benefit of adding an integrated psychological and psychosocial treatment program to routine psychiatric care for patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders. METHOD The authors conducted a randomized, single-blind controlled comparison of routine care with a program of routine care integrated with motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family or caregiver intervention. RESULTS The integrated treatment program resulted in significantly greater improvement in patients' general functioning than routine care alone at the end of treatment and 12 months after the beginning of the study. Other benefits of the program included a reduction in positive symptoms and in symptom exacerbations and an increase in the percent of days of abstinence from drugs or alcohol over the 12-month period from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a program of routine care integrated with motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior therapy, and family intervention over routine psychiatric care alone for patients with comorbid schizophrenia and alcohol or drug abuse or dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barrowclough
- Academic Division of Clinical Psychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Schofield N. Psychiatric nurses expressed conflicting feelings in the decision to use physical restraints. Evidence-Based Mental Health 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/ebmh.4.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Edgar B, Schofield N, Campbell A. Informing river management policies and programs with science. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:185-195. [PMID: 11419127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wisdom has it that we already have enough science to address the problems causing degradation of our environment, including rivers. This is not true. However it is the case that we could be using existing knowledge better, and that we could be doing more to learn the lessons from the huge sums being spent on river restoration and management. Informing good policy and practical on-ground management with R&D outputs has proven to be is difficult, but essential. This paper reviews some of the history of water and river management in Australia and how perceptions of rivers have evolved. It discusses the challenge of enhancing the linkages between science, policy and practice in river management. It outlines the knowledge exchange, R&D and capacity building strategies of the National Rivers Consortium--a new initiative whose founding partners are LWRRDC, the MDBC, CSIRO Land and Water and the Western Australian Waters and Rivers Commission. This strategic collaboration between policy makers, river managers and scientists brings together organisations with responsibility and expertise to improve the health and management of Australian rivers. The National Rivers Consortium is making a major investment in knowledge exchange and capacity building, based on direct personal contact and learning by doing. The Consortium is establishing a program of training activities targeting river managers and policy makers, based on the best available science and high quality information products. It will support river managers as they plan and implement river restoration and protection projects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the key knowledge gaps that remain impediments to the better management of Australia's unique and diverse river landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Edgar
- Land and Water Australia, GPO Box 2182, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Czaplewski LG, McKeating J, Craven CJ, Higgins LD, Appay V, Brown A, Dudgeon T, Howard LA, Meyers T, Owen J, Palan SR, Tan P, Wilson G, Woods NR, Heyworth CM, Lord BI, Brotherton D, Christison R, Craig S, Cribbes S, Edwards RM, Evans SJ, Gilbert R, Morgan P, Randle E, Schofield N, Varley PG, Fisher J, Waltho JP, Hunter MG. Identification of amino acid residues critical for aggregation of human CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. Characterization of active disaggregated chemokine variants. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:16077-84. [PMID: 10347159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.23.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed) self-associate to form high-molecular mass aggregates. To explore the biological significance of chemokine aggregation, nonaggregating variants were sought. The phenotypes of 105 hMIP-1alpha variants generated by systematic mutagenesis and expression in yeast were determined. hMIP-1alpha residues Asp26 and Glu66 were critical to the self-association process. Substitution at either residue resulted in the formation of essentially homogenous tetramers at 0.5 mg/ml. Substitution of identical or analogous residues in homologous positions in both hMIP-1beta and RANTES demonstrated that they were also critical to aggregation. Our analysis suggests that a single charged residue at either position 26 or 66 is insufficient to support extensive aggregation and that two charged residues must be present. Solution of the three-dimensional NMR structure of hMIP-1alpha has enabled comparison of these residues in hMIP-1beta and RANTES. Aggregated and disaggregated forms of hMIP-1alpha, hMIP-1beta, and RANTES generally have equivalent G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated biological potencies. We have therefore generated novel reagents to evaluate the role of hMIP-1alpha, hMIP-1beta, and RANTES aggregation in vitro and in vivo. The disaggregated chemokines retained their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inhibitory activities. Surprisingly, high concentrations of RANTES, but not disaggregated RANTES variants, enhanced infection of cells by both M- and T-tropic HIV isolates/strains. This observation has important implications for potential therapeutic uses of chemokines implying that disaggregated forms may be necessary for safe clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Czaplewski
- British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Watlington Road, Oxford OX4 5LY, United Kingdom.
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