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Egu DT, Schmitt T, Ernst N, Ludwig RJ, Fuchs M, Hiermaier M, Moztarzadeh S, Morỏn CS, Schmidt E, Beyersdorfer V, Spindler V, Steinert LS, Vielmuth F, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. EGFR Inhibition by Erlotinib Rescues Desmosome Ultrastructure and Keratin Anchorage and Protects Against Pemphigus Vulgaris IgG-Induced Acantholysis in Human Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00301-4. [PMID: 38642796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a severe blistering disease caused by autoantibodies primarily against the desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (DSG)1 and DSG3 which impair desmosome integrity. Especially for the acute phase, additional treatment options allowing to reduce corticosteroids would fulfill an unmet medical need. Here, we provide evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition by erlotinib ameliorates pemphigus vulgaris immunoglobulin G (PV-IgG) -induced acantholysis in intact human epidermis. PV-IgG caused phosphorylation of EGFR (Y845) and SRC in human epidermis. In line with that, a phosphotyrosine kinome analysis revealed a robust response associated with EGFR and SRC family kinase signaling in response to PV-IgG but not pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies. Erlotinib inhibited PV-IgG-induced epidermal blistering and EGFR phosphorylation, loss of desmosomes as well as ultrastructural alterations of desmosome size, plaque symmetry, keratin filament insertion and restored the desmosome midline considered as hallmark of mature desmosomes. Erlotinib enhanced both single molecule DSG3 binding frequency and strength and delayed DSG3 fluorescence recovery supporting that EGFR inhibition increases DSG3 availability and cytoskeletal anchorage. Our data indicate that EGFR is a promising target for pemphigus therapy due to its link to several signaling pathways known to be involved in pemphigus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Tadesse Egu
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nancy Ernst
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Joachim Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Sebastià Morỏn
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vivien Beyersdorfer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Letyfee Sarah Steinert
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Magdalena Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Limberg MM, Weihrauch T, Gray N, Ernst N, Hartmann K, Raap U. Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils in Bullous Pemphigoid. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1019. [PMID: 37509055 PMCID: PMC10377006 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, of which the incidence has increased in recent years. BP is characterized by circulating IgG and IgE autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230. Although autoantibodies trigger inflammatory cascades that lead to blister formation, effector cells and cell-mediated autoimmunity must also be considered as important factors in the pathogenesis of BP. The aim of this review is to outline the current knowledge on the role of eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren M Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weihrauch
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Ernst
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Division of Allergy, Departments of Dermatology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
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Zillikens H, Kasprick A, Osterloh C, Gross N, Radziewitz M, Hass C, Hartmann V, Behnen-Härer M, Ernst N, Boch K, Vidarsson G, Visser R, Laskay T, Yu X, Petersen F, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K. Topical Application of the PI3Kβ-Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor TGX-221 Is an Effective Treatment Option for Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713312. [PMID: 34557502 PMCID: PMC8452940 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) have been implemented in pathogenesis of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune skin disease caused by type VII collagen (COL7) autoantibodies. Mechanistically, inhibition of specific PI3K isoforms, namely PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ, impaired immune complex (IC)-induced neutrophil activation, a key prerequisite for EBA pathogenesis. Data unrelated to EBA showed that neutrophil activation is also modulated by PI3Kα and γ, but their impact on the EBA has, so far, remained elusive. To address this and to identify potential therapeutic targets, we evaluated the impact of a panel of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors (PI3Ki) on neutrophil function in vitro, and in pre-clinical EBA mouse models. We document that distinctive, and EBA pathogenesis-related activation-induced neutrophil in vitro functions depend on distinctive PI3K isoforms. When mice were treated with the different PI3Ki, selective blockade of PI3Kα (alpelisib), PI3Kγ (AS-604850), or PI3Kβ (TGX-221) impaired clinical disease manifestation. When applied topically, only TGX-221 impaired induction of experimental EBA. Ultimately, multiplex kinase activity profiling in the presence of disease-modifying PI3Ki identified unique signatures of different PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors on the kinome of IC-activated human neutrophils. Collectively, we here identify topical PI3Kβ inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zillikens
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Colin Osterloh
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Natalie Gross
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Radziewitz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cindy Hass
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Veronika Hartmann
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martina Behnen-Härer
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nancy Ernst
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Boch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Sherry N, Ernst N, French J, Kontos AP, Collins MW. A-40 Predictors of Failed Effort Testing at Initial Clinic Visit for Concussion Rehabilitation and Outcomes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa036.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Neuropsychological evaluation of concussion typically includes performance validity testing to assess effort. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of effort testing as part of initial screening for concussion rehabilitation, including determining the factors that predict effort testing and evaluate outcomes between “good effort” and “failed effort” groups.
Method
Records of 76 patients aged 16–66 years old (M = 40.58 years, SD = 14.18) seen for rehabilitation of non-sport concussion from 2018–2019 were reviewed. Patients completed clinical interview, neurocognitive screening (ImPACT), effort testing (Word Memory Test), vestibular/oculomotor screening (VOMS), and the post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS). A logistic regression (LR) was conducted to predict effort, with predictors including mental health history, secondary gain, work injury, days post-injury, and PCSS. A series of one-way ANOVAs evaluated outcomes from concussion rehabilitation between the good and failed effort groups.
Results
Failed effort occurred in 42% of cases. The LR accurately classified 81.8% of individuals, with mental health history (p = .01) and PCSS (p = .02) as the only significant predictors of effort. There were no differences in recovery time (p = .56) between effort groups, but the failed effort group took longer to return to work (p = .03). Half of individuals who failed effort were seen until discharge, and 69% of them reported no symptoms/mild symptoms at discharge.
Conclusions
Failure of effort testing was predicted by a history of mental health and high symptom burden. Individuals who fail effort testing at initial visit for concussion rehabilitation take longer to return to functional activity but are capable of achieving recovery with compliance and appropriate rehabilitation.
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Ernst N, Friedrich M, Bieber K, Kasperkiewicz M, Gross N, Sadik C, Zillikens D, Schmidt E, Ludwig R, Hartmann K. Expression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 is increased in skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:486-492. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ernst
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - M. Friedrich
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Laboratory of Emerging Infections Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Germany
| | - K. Bieber
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - M. Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - N. Gross
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - C.D. Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - D. Zillikens
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - E. Schmidt
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - R.J. Ludwig
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Division of Allergy Department of Dermatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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Ernst N, Trbovich A, Eagle SR, Bitzer H, Kontos AP. A-17 Psychological Resilience and Concussion Recovery in Athletes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa036.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Psychological resilience has been positively associated with sport achievement and psychological well-being, while being negatively associated with psychological distress. Lower psychological resilience may also increase the risk of protracted recovery from concussion. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and clinical outcomes among adolescent and young adult athletes.
Method
Fifty-seven patients (11–22 years; m = 15.2, SD = 2.76) were diagnosed with a sport-related concussion (SRC) within two weeks of injury. Patients completed the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) at first visit in addition to neurocognitive screening (ImPACT) and vestibular/oculomotor screening (VOMS). Participants were divided into “Low”, “Moderate” and “High” resilience using CD-RISC-10 tertiles. A series of one-way ANOVAS with pairwise comparisons (Tukey post-hoc test) were used to compare groups across outcomes measures.
Results
Significant differences were present between the High Resilience (m = 15.22 days; SD = 8.87) and Low Resilience (m = 30.95 days; SD = 23.76) groups in Days to Clearance (p = .032), DASS-21 Total score (p = 0.01), DASS-21 Depression subscale (p = 0.022), DASS-21 Anxiety subscale (p = 0.01), and DASS-21 Stress subscale (p = 0.002). No significant relationships were observed between resilience and ImPACT, VOMS, or PCSS score for any group.
Conclusions
Athletes with low psychological resilience immediately following concussion had a recovery time twice that of athletes with high resilience. All groups in the study exhibited recovery times within a normal time frame (i.e., ≤ 30 days), but high psychological resiliency may serve as a protective factor for recovery outcomes among athletes experiencing concussion.
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Sandel Sherry N, Ernst N, Doman J, Holland C, Bitzer H, Kontos AP. Incremental Validity of Components of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening for Concussion. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz026.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool for concussion evaluates symptom provocation (in a fixed order) across the following neuromotor tasks: smooth pursuits (SP), saccades-horizontal (Sac-H), saccades-vertical (Sac-V), near point of convergence (NPC), vestibular-ocular reflex-horizontal (VOR-H), vestibular-ocular reflex-vertical (VOR-V), and visual motion sensitivity (VMS). The current study evaluates the incremental validity of each VOMS component in consecutive order.
Methods
Retrospective record review of 193 subjects (49% male) aged 10–22 years old diagnosed with concussion (sport and non-sport injuries) and demonstrated an abnormal VOMS (defined by symptom provocation >2 or NPC >5cm) at initial evaluation in a specialty concussion clinic. Hierarchical regression was performed with VOMS total score (range: 0-320) as the dependent variable and each VOMS component as predictors in seven consecutive steps.
Results
The model was significant (p<.001) at each step; the final model including all seven VOMS components in order (SP, Sac-H, Sac-V, NPC, VOR-H, VOR-V, and VMS) was significant, F(7,185)= 6.87, p<.001 and accounted for 20.6% of the variance in total VOMS score. The only significant predictors in the final model included: SP (p=.01), NPC (p=.04), and VOR-H (p=.04).
Conclusion
Provocation of symptoms on SP, NPC, and VOR-H are the best predictors of total VOMS score. NPC and VOR-H symptom provocation provide unique value to vestibular screening beyond symptom provocation on SP and after completion of all other VOMS components. This information may be clinically useful when vestibular screening must be expedited (e.g., highly symptomatic patient, sideline assessment).
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Ernst N, Sufrinko A, Collins M, Kontos A. Reliability and Consistency of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Assessment Near Point of Convergence (NPC) Trials. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz026.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To examine the reliability of near point of convergence (NPC) across three trials and determine if one trial of NPC is adequate to identify receded NPC post-concussion.
Methods
Participants included 263 concussed patients (64.3% male; age=16.92±3.49 years) evaluated within 21 days of injury. NPC was measured in centimeters from the tip of the nose using a fixation stick and a Gulick anthropometric tape measure. A two-way, mixed effect, absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1) was conducted to evaluate reliability across the three trials. A chi-square analysis examined consistency of NPC classification (normal/abnormal) on the initial trial compared to average across three trials.
Results
Reliability of the three trials was high (.91 [95%CI, .89–.93]). Agreement between Trial 1 classification and classification based on average of all three trials was high (96.2%). Of the 10 participants who were classified differently for Trial 1 compared to average trials, 8 had borderline (e.g., 4–6 cm) measurements on the first trial.
Conclusion
NPC measurement across trials is reliable for the overall sample, but those who fell well below (i.e. 0–1cm) or well above (>8cm) clinical cutoffs on the first trial were almost always below or above respective cutoffs on the average convergence (>99%). Results suggest it is important to measure NPC across multiple trials for patients with initial borderline measurement.
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Olsen D, Schroeder R, Boettcher A, Ernst N, Mietchen J, Heinrichs R, Martin P. C - 51Specificity of Reliable Digit Span in Dementia Evaluations. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Boettcher A, Ernst N, Schroeder R, Martin P, Olsen D. C - 39Are Any of the TOMM Trials Related to Neurocognitive Ability in Validly Performing Outpatients? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Öhrvik H, Grujic M, Waern I, Gustafson AM, Ernst N, Roers A, Hartmann K, Pejler G. Mast cells promote melanoma colonization of lungs. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68990-69001. [PMID: 27602499 PMCID: PMC5356606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have been implicated in malignant processes, mainly through clinical correlative studies and by experiments performed using animals lacking mast cells due to defective c-kit signaling. However, mast cell-deficient mouse models based on c-kit defects have recently been questioned for their relevance. Here we addressed the effect of mast cells in a tumor setting by using transgenic Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ mice, in which the deficiency of mast cells is independent of c-kit defects. Melanoma cells (B16.F10) were administered either subcutaneously or intravenously into Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ mice or Mcpt5-Cre− R-DTA+ littermate controls, followed by the assessment of formed tumors. In the subcutaneous model, mast cells were abundant in the tumor stroma of control mice but were absent in Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ mice. However, the absence of mast cells did not affect tumor size. In contrast, after intravenous administration of B16.F10 cells, melanoma colonization of the lungs was markedly reduced in Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ vs. Mcpt5-Cre− R-DTA+ animals. Decreased melanoma colonization of the lungs in Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ animals was accompanied by increased inflammatory cell recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting that mast cells suppress inflammation in this setting. Further, qPCR analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in lungs of Mcpt5-Cre+ R-DTA+ vs. control Mcpt5-Cre− R-DTA+ animals, suggesting an impact of mast cells on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, this study reveals that mast cells promote melanoma colonization of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirjana Grujic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Waern
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Gustafson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nancy Ernst
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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DiCarlo G, McClain M, Ernst N, Haggerty K. B-46Ecological Validity of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery-Screening Module and Texas Functional Living Scale in a Post-Acute Acquired Brain Injury Population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Adolphs N, Ernst N, Schulz M, Thomale UW, Hoffmeister B. Die operative Korrektur von Varianten des Schädelaufbaus – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. Zentralbl Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ernst N, Yay A, Bíró T, Tiede S, Humphries M, Paus R, Kloepper JE. β1 integrin signaling maintains human epithelial progenitor cell survival in situ and controls proliferation, apoptosis and migration of their progeny. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84356. [PMID: 24386370 PMCID: PMC3874009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β1 integrin regulates multiple epithelial cell functions by connecting cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). While β1 integrin-mediated signaling in murine epithelial stem cells is well-studied, its role in human adult epithelial progenitor cells (ePCs) in situ remains to be defined. Using microdissected, organ-cultured human scalp hair follicles (HFs) as a clinically relevant model for studying human ePCs within their natural topobiological habitat, β1 integrin-mediated signaling in ePC biology was explored by β1 integrin siRNA silencing, specific β1 integrin-binding antibodies and pharmacological inhibition of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a key component of the integrin-induced signaling cascade. β1 integrin knock down reduced keratin 15 (K15) expression as well as the proliferation of outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSKs). Embedding of HF epithelium into an ECM rich in β1 integrin ligands that mimic the HF mesenchyme significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of ORSKs, while K15 and CD200 gene and protein expression were inhibited. Employing ECM-embedded β1 integrin-activating or -inhibiting antibodies allowed to identify functionally distinct human ePC subpopulations in different compartments of the HF epithelium. The β1 integrin-inhibitory antibody reduced β1 integrin expression in situ and selectively enhanced proliferation of bulge ePCs, while the β1 integrin-stimulating antibody decreased hair matrix keratinocyte apoptosis and enhanced transferrin receptor (CD71) immunoreactivity, a marker of transit amplifying cells, but did not affect bulge ePC proliferation. That the putative ILK inhibitor QLT0267 significantly reduced ORSK migration and proliferation and induced massive ORSK apoptosis suggests a key role for ILK in mediating the ß1 integrin effects. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ePCs in human HFs require β1 integrin-mediated signaling for survival, adhesion, and migration, and that different human HF ePC subpopulations differ in their response to β1 integrin signaling. These insights may be exploited for cell-based regenerative medicine strategies that employ human HF-derived ePCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ernst
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA ‘‘Lendület’’ Cellular Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Stephan Tiede
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Martin Humphries
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ernst N, Bozdech G, Block JH. The Interaction of Molecules with Field Emitter Surfaces Studied by Field Ion Appearance Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19780820716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ernst N, Tiede S, Tronnier V, Kruse C, Zechel C, Paus R. An improved, standardised protocol for the isolation, enrichment and targeted neural differentiation of Nestin+ progenitors from adult human dermis. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:549-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tiede S, Kloepper JE, Ernst N, Poeggeler B, Kruse C, Paus R. Nestin in Human Skin: Exclusive Expression in Intramesenchymal Skin Compartments and Regulation by Leptin. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2711-20. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ernst N, Ahlhelm F, Reith W, Fassbender K, Ruprecht K. Stellenwert der Duplexsonografie zur Verlaufskontrolle nach Stentimplantation im Vertebralisstromgebiet. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Haaß A, Ernst N, Papanagiotou P, Backens M, Pitzen T, Steudel WI, Bogdanov EI. Pulsatiler Liquorfluss durch das Myelon – ein neuer Pathomechanismus zentromedullärer Symptome der spondylogenen zervikalen Myelopathie. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tiede S, Ernst N, Bayat A, Paus R, Tronnier V, Zechel C. Basic fibroblast growth factor: A potential new therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Ann Anat 2009; 191:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Köndgen S, Kühl H, N'Goran PK, Walsh PD, Schenk S, Ernst N, Biek R, Formenty P, Mätz-Rensing K, Schweiger B, Junglen S, Ellerbrok H, Nitsche A, Briese T, Lipkin WI, Pauli G, Boesch C, Leendertz FH. Pandemic human viruses cause decline of endangered great apes. Curr Biol 2008; 18:260-4. [PMID: 18222690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Commercial hunting and habitat loss are major drivers of the rapid decline of great apes [1]. Ecotourism and research have been widely promoted as a means of providing alternative value for apes and their habitats [2]. However, close contact between humans and habituated apes during ape tourism and research has raised concerns that disease transmission risks might outweigh benefits [3-7]. To date only bacterial and parasitic infections of typically low virulence have been shown to move from humans to wild apes [8, 9]. Here, we present the first direct evidence of virus transmission from humans to wild apes. Tissue samples from habituated chimpanzees that died during three respiratory-disease outbreaks at our research site, Côte d'Ivoire, contained two common human paramyxoviruses. Viral strains sampled from chimpanzees were closely related to strains circulating in contemporaneous, worldwide human epidemics. Twenty-four years of mortality data from observed chimpanzees reveal that such respiratory outbreaks could have a long history. In contrast, survey data show that research presence has had a strong positive effect in suppressing poaching around the research site. These observations illustrate the challenge of maximizing the benefit of research and tourism to great apes while minimizing the negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Köndgen
- Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Ernst N, de Boer MJ, Zijlstra F, Suryapranata H, Dambrink JHE, Hoorntje JCA, van 't Hof AWJ. Primary angioplasty: preprocedural pharmacological therapy. Neth Heart J 2006; 14:55-61. [PMID: 25696594 PMCID: PMC2557156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coronary angioplasty has been shown to be an effective reperfusion therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, not only for those who present to PTCA centres but also for patients who present to hospitals without angioplasty facilities. With the increasing use of primary angioplasty more patients will be transferred to a (tertiary) PTCA centre. An increase in treatment delay is associated with a worse clinical outcome. The importance of an open infarct-related vessel at acute angiography is becoming clear. Pharmacological pretreatment of patients during transportation to a PTCA centre with the aim to open the infarct-related vessel in advance might be beneficial. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers seem to be the agents of choice for facilitated PTCA. The safety and (cost) effectiveness of this pretreatment of patients transported to undergo primary angioplasty remain to be evaluated.
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Rohr M, Ernst N, Schrader A. Compatibility Testing of Colored Cosmetics - A New Tool for Objective Testing Near Infrared Remission Spectroscopy (NIR-RS). Int J Cosmet Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2005.00268_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Van de WH, Ernst N, Hollak F, de BM, Dambrink J, Hoorntje J, Gosselink A, Suryapranata H, Zijlstra F, van't HA, Kolkman J. 1217: Feasibility of Including Patients with Acute MI in A Randomised Controlled trial by Ambulance Nurses Only: Preliminary Results of the Ongoing Tirofiban in Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (On-Time) Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/147451510300200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Ernst
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - F. Hollak
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Boer M.J. de
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J.H.E. Dambrink
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J.C.A. Hoorntje
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. Suryapranata
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - F. Zijlstra
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - J.J.E. Kolkman
- Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Ernst N, Zijlstra F, de Boer MJ, Dambrink JHE, Gosselink ATM, Henriques JPS, van 't Hof AWJ, Hoorntje JCA, van der Horst JCC, Suryapranata H. The importance of patency of the infarct-related artery in treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Neth Heart J 2003; 11:11-14. [PMID: 25696139 PMCID: PMC2499828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of patency of the infarct-related artery on the coronary angiogram, both before and after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, on 30-day mortality. METHOD Data of 1702 consecutive patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction were collected prospectively from 1994 to 2000. RESULTS Patients with a (partially) patent infarct artery before primary angioplasty had less damage to the myocardium and a lower 30-day mortality (1.6% versus 3.4%, p=0.04) compared with patients with an occluded artery. Patients with pre-hospital treatment with aspirin and heparin more often presented with a patent artery before angioplasty (31% versus 20%, p<0.001). After primary angioplasty, 95% of patients had a patent artery with a 30-day mortality of 2.2%. The 5% of patients with failed angioplasty had extensive myocardial damage and a 30-day mortality rate of 17%. CONCLUSION Patency of the infarct-related artery on the coronary angiogram, both before and after primary angioplasty, has a major impact on 30-day mortality.
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Van Horn L, Ernst N. A summary of the science supporting the new National Cholesterol Education Program dietary recommendations: what dietitians should know. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:1148-54. [PMID: 11678485 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Richter WS, Fischer S, Ernst N, Munz DL. Extraction of long-chain fatty acids in isolated rat heart during acute low-flow ischemia. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:1101-8. [PMID: 11438634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although beta-oxidation of fatty acids is suppressed rapidly during ischemia, the behavior of fatty acid extraction at different flow rates is incompletely understood. This study assessed the relationship between flow and extraction of (123)I-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) in the isolated heart model, especially at low flow. METHODS Isolated hearts from male Wistar rats (n = 15) were subjected to retrograde perfusion with constant flow (Krebs Henseleit solution containing 10 mmol/L glucose). A latex balloon in the left ventricle allowed isovolumetric contractions and ventricular pressure measurements. The extraction of (123)I-IPPA was assessed with the indicator dilution technique and (99m)Tc-albumin as the intravascular reference. The flow was either increased from the control flow (8 mL/min) until 300% or reduced until 10%. (123)I-IPPA extraction was measured three times before and 10 min after flow alteration. The tracer uptake was estimated from the product of net extraction and flow. RESULTS The mean (123)I-IPPA extraction at the control flow (third measurement) was 51.6% +/- 2.8%. Between flow rates of approximately 25% and 300%, (123)I-IPPA extraction increased exponentially at decreasing flow rates. At flow rates < or =25% of the control flow, (123)I-IPPA extraction was exponentially higher than predicted. (123)I-IPPA uptake and flow changed largely in parallel. During low flow, the rate-pressure product showed the expected decline (perfusion-contraction matching). CONCLUSION The extraction of (123)I-IPPA is preserved and slightly increased (relative to flow) during acute low-flow ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Richter
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Nilius N, Ernst N, Freund H. Photon emission spectroscopy of individual oxide-supported silver clusters in a scanning tunneling microscope. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:3994-3997. [PMID: 11019258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photon emission spectra of individual alumina-supported silver clusters have been measured for the first time. The light emission stimulated by electron injection from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope can be assigned to the (1,0) mode of the Mie-plasmon resonance in small silver particles. As cluster sizes decrease, the resonance position shifts to higher energies and the linewidth increases. In the size range examined (1.5-12 nm), intrinsic size effects are discussed as possible origins for the observed size dependence of the Mie resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nilius
- Fritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Ernst N, Ulrichskötter S, Schmalix WA, Rädler J, Galneder R, Mayer E, Gersting S, Plank C, Reinhardt D, Rosenecker J. Interaction of liposomal and polycationic transfection complexes with pulmonary surfactant. J Gene Med 1999; 1:331-40. [PMID: 10738550 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-2254(199909/10)1:5<331::aid-jgm60>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of genes to the airways holds promise for the treatment of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and asthma. Current non-viral gene delivery systems lack sufficient transfection efficiency. Pulmonary surfactant has been reported to be a barrier to gene transfer into the airways. Here we analyze the interaction of liposomal and polycationic transfection complexes with pulmonary surfactant. METHODS The efficiency of non-viral transfection of cultured human airway epithelial cells (16HBE14o-), COS7 cells and porcine primary airway epithelial cells was studied in the presence of various surfactant preparations in order to model the conditions prevailing in the airways during transfection. RESULTS The natural pulmonary surfactant, Alveofact, an extract from bovine lung lavage, was found to inhibit lipofection with lipofectAMINE for all cell lines investigated. Dendrimer meditated polyfection was unaffected for pulmonary cell lines and was weakly affected for COS7 cells. PEI-mediated polyfection was unaffected for all cell lines tested. The synthetic surfactant preparation Exosurf containing L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine-dipalmitoyl (DPPC) as the sole lipid ingredient had no statistically significant effect on polymer- and lipid-mediated transfection. The transfection efficiencies are related to structural changes in the DNA complexes as demonstrated by DNase-accessibility tests and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the presence of the phospholipid POPG, which is a constituent of Alveofact, DNA condensed in lipofectAMINE lipoplexes became accessible to DNaseI, while DNA condensed with PAMAM dendrimer or PEI was less accessible to DNase I as compared to lipoplexes. Consistently, the fluorescence of a DNA-intercalating dye increased after addition of Alveofact only in the case of lipoplexes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to lipofection, gene transfer with cationic polymers to airway epithelial cells is not inhibited by pulmonary surfactant in vitro. Depending on the surfactant concentration even an increase in polymermediated transfection can be seen. In conclusion, cationic polymers appear to be the more stable gene delivery systems for topical application into the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ernst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Skin mast cells are typically located in the perivascular or perineural connective tissue. We observed that HMC-1 mast cells growing in suspension adhered efficiently to (> 90% of cells) and spread on top of fibroblast monolayers and to a lesser degree on purified extracellular matrix proteins. Since adhesive interactions determine cell migration and tissue localization we studied the mechanism. It was found that HMC-1 cells attach to collagen I and fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV and vitronectin, but not to collagens III and VI or hyaluronic acid. Adhesion to fibronectin, collagen I and laminin was completely inhibited by mAbs blocking beta 1-integrins, whereas adhesion of HMC-1 cells to vitronectin was inhibited by anti-alpha v-chain mAbs. However, attachment of HMC-1 cells to fibroblasts was not influenced by mAbs blocking beta 1- or alpha v-chain function, by RGD peptides or by mAbs interfering with other receptors, most notably c-kit. Identical results were obtained with normal mast cells isolated from human foreskin. These results indicate that human mast cells attach to fibroblasts independently of beta 1- or alpha v-integrins as well as of c-kit receptor-mediated mechanisms. The functional characteristics observed (i.e. only partial sensitivity to trypsin and EDTA, no increase in trypsin sensitivity by pretreatment with EDTA) suggest that cadherin receptors were not involved, and it is likely that the adhesion process observed involved not-yet-defined heterotypic cell-cell adhesion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trautmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Krauss RM, Deckelbaum RJ, Ernst N, Fisher E, Howard BV, Knopp RH, Kotchen T, Lichtenstein AH, McGill HC, Pearson TA, Prewitt TE, Stone NJ, Horn LV, Weinberg R. Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. A statement for health professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association. Circulation 1996; 94:1795-800. [PMID: 8840887 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.94.7.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Krauss
- Office of Scientific Affairs, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX 75231-4596, USA
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Dummer W, Bastian BC, Ernst N, Schänzle C, Schwaaf A, Bröcker EB. Interleukin-10 production in malignant melanoma: preferential detection of IL-10-secreting tumor cells in metastatic lesions. Int J Cancer 1996; 66:607-10. [PMID: 8647620 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960529)66:5<607::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 mRNA expression and protein production in established melanoma cell lines and freshly cultured primary and metastatic melanoma cells was examined. The in situ distribution of IL-10 in native melanoma tissue was also investigated by immunohistochemistry in primary tumors, metastases, benign melanocytic nevi and normal skin of healthy persons and melanoma patients. IL-10 mRNA, but not IL-10 protein in the culture supernatant, was found in 1 of 4 cultured melanoma cells of primary tumors, while 3 of 6 melanoma-metastasis-derived cultures expressed both IL-10 mRNA and protein. No IL-10 was detected in skin biopsies of healthy volunteers or in the healthy skin of melanoma patients; nor was IL-10 found in congenital melanocytic nevi. In only 1 of the 11 examined primary malignant melanomas was IL-10 immunoreactivity detected within the cytoplasm of cells in the tumor. On the other hand, 4 of 9 metastases clearly displayed scattered IL-1O+ cells. In all sections with IL-10-positive cells, the cells were positive for HMB-45. No co-expression of CD3 and IL-10 was observed. The data suggest that melanoma cells themselves are the main origin of IL-10 in tumor specimens in vivo. The preferential expression of IL-10 in metastatic lesions and in cultured cells from metastases might indicate an increased spreading potential of IL-10-secreting melanoma-cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Ernst N, Bozdech G, Gorodetskii V, Block J. Field ion spectroscopy of oscillating surface reactions: H2/O2 and H2/H2O on platinum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(95)04332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bender A, Ernst N, Iglesias A, Dornmair K, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R. T cell receptor repertoire in polymyositis: clonal expansion of autoaggressive CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 1995; 181:1863-8. [PMID: 7722460 PMCID: PMC2192015 DOI: 10.1084/jem.181.5.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In polymyositis (PM), CD8+ T cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta + cells invade and destroy major histocompatibility complex class I-positive muscle fibers. We combined polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and double-fluorescence immunocytochemistry to analyze the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire expressed in muscle of PM patients. In patient 1, inverse PCR revealed a preferential usage of TCR V alpha 33.1, V beta 13.1, and V beta 5.1. Six of six TCR V alpha 33.1+ clones and five of seven V beta 13.1+ clones had identical nucleotide sequences. In contrast, the V beta 5.1+ TCRs were more heterogeneous. Similar results were obtained with an independent PCR method using primers specific for TCR V alpha 33, V beta 13, or V beta 5. No TCR sequences could be amplified from noninflammatory control muscle. Furthermore, none of the TCR sequences found in PM muscle could be detected in blood from the same patient or from a normal control subject. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that V beta 5.1 and V beta 13.1 were overrepresented in the muscle lesions of this patient. 32% of all CD8+ T cells were V beta 13.1+, and 16% were V beta 5.1+. However, approximately 60% of the CD8+ T cells that invaded muscle fibers were V beta 13.1+, whereas 10% were V beta 5.1+. In patient 2, 50% of the T cells were V beta 5.1+, and as in patient 1, these T cells were mainly located in interstitial areas. In patient 3, > 75% of the autoinvasive T cells stained with an anti-V beta 3 mAb. Sequence analysis of 15 PCR clones amplified with a V beta 3-specific primer showed that 9 (60%) sequences were identical. The results suggest that (a) a strikingly limited TCR repertoire is expressed in PM muscle; (b) there is a dissociation between the TCR usage of autoinvasive and interstitial T cells; and (c) the autoinvasive T cells are clonally expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bender
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Martinsried, Germany
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Milner JA, Blumberg JB, Ernst N, Hathcock JN, Ziegler RG. Response panel on the impact of nutrient and nonnutrient antioxidants on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10408399509527690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ernst N, Block JH, Kreuzer HJ, Ye X. Thermal field desorption spectroscopy of chemisorbed hydrogen for a single step site. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:891-894. [PMID: 10055394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ernst N, Unger J, Fink H, Grunze M, Müller HU, Völkl B, Hofmann M, Wöll C. Comment on "Field-emission spectroscopy of single-atom tips". Phys Rev Lett 1993; 70:2503. [PMID: 10053578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Baird SC, Biegel A, Bopp A, Dolphin NW, Ernst N, Hagedorn M, Malkiewicz J, Payton RJ, Sawatzky G. Defining scholarly activity in nursing education. J Nurs Educ 1985. [PMID: 2987447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to address the question of what activities should be considered scholarly, thereby warranting their inclusion in a nursing faculty evaluation model, a study was undertaken which surveyed all National League for Nursing accredited baccalaureate educational programs. The items in the instrument were generated utilizing the Delphi method and a pilot study established inter-respondent reliability. A response rate of 73% was attained. Scholarly activity was considered highly important in evaluation for promotion and tenure in over 50% of the schools. There were distinct differences in the activities deemed scholarly when respondents were broken down into categories such as size and type of institution and the existence or non-existence of graduate nursing programs in the same institution.
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Salz KM, Tamir I, Ernst N, Kwiterovich P, Glueck C, Christensen B, Larsen R, Pirhonen D, Prewitt TE, Scott LW. Selected nutrient intakes of free-living white children ages 6-19 years. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Pediatr Res 1983; 17:124-30. [PMID: 6828330 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198302000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report energy intake and selected nutrient intakes-protein, fat (total, saturated, and polyunsaturated), carbohydrate (total, starch, and sucrose), and cholesterol-for 1251 white children ages 6-19 years. The data were obtained, by means of a 24-h dietary recall, from children who were randomly selected from the North American populations studied by the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Females (N = 584) consumed about 2000 kcal daily, an intake that remained relatively constant throughout the age groups studied. Males (N = 667) had an energy intake of 2000 kcal/day during childhood that increased to over 3000 kcal/day in adolescence. Energy sources for both sexes were approximately 15% protein, 38% total fat, 15% saturated fat, 6% polyunsaturated fat, 48% total carbohydrate, 19% starch, and 11% sucrose; cholesterol intake averaged about 145 mg/1000 kcal. For both sexes, fat intake increased with age. Compared to females, males ingested greater amounts of cholesterol and total and saturated fat.
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Gordon T, Fisher M, Ernst N, Rifkind BM. Relation of diet to LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in white adults. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Arteriosclerosis 1982; 2:502-12. [PMID: 6983876 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.2.6.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The association of diet with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total triglycerides, as well as with total and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), was investigated in a random sample of 4374 white participants aged 20 to 59 years seen by the Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. Carbohydrate and total calories were negatively associated with LDL-C. There was also a statistically significant positive association of LDL-C with the percentage of total calories from fat. These three findings are generally consistent with what other cross-sectional studies have reported for the relation of diet with total cholesterol levels. The only diet variables significantly related to triglyceride levels in both men and women were the percentage of calories from fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA), the P/S ratio, and the number of grams of PFA per day, all of which were inversely associated with the level of this lipid.
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Gordon T, Ernst N, Fisher M, Rifkind BM. Alcohol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Circulation 1981; 64:III 63-7. [PMID: 7020986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Associations between alcohol intake and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were examined in 2473 men and 1530 women seen as part of the random sample at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. More men than women reported alcohol intake. The alcoholic beverage preference differed by age and sex. The levels of HDL cholesterol were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers. The statistically significant associations varied somewhat by age; however, the average correlation coefficient was 0.21 for men and 0.25 for women. HDL cholesterol levels were lower in those who reported never drinking alcohol than in occasional drinkers.
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Dennis B, Ernst N, Hjortland M, Tillotson J, Grambsch V. The NHLBI nutrition data system. J Am Diet Assoc 1980; 77:641-7. [PMID: 6893713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A standardized system for the collection and processing of dietary information in large-scale studies is described. Components of the system include interviewer and coder training, certification and continuing education, automated procedures for identifying and quantitating fat, guides for classifying and quantitating foods, system maintenance and quality control procedures, and a food table containing about 800 food items and 450 recipe items. The system is flexible enough to respond to market changes in formulation. Unique automated features make the system particularly useful in identifying and quantitating different dietary fats. These features could be modified to meet nutritional demands of other studies.
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