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Sobol NA, Dall CH, Høgh P, Hoffmann K, Frederiksen KS, Vogel A, Siersma V, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG, Beyer N. Change in Fitness and the Relation to Change in Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:137-145. [PMID: 30040719 PMCID: PMC6087450 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has the potential to improve physical function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to modify disease processes and cognitive function. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of moderate-high-intensity aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, i.e., peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) determined by direct breath-by-breath cardiopulmonary exercise test, and 2) the association between changes in VO2peak and changes in cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild AD. METHODS The study is based on secondary outcome analyses from the large single-blinded multi-center study ADEX (Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise). A preselected sub-group of 55 participants (age 52-83 years), 29 from the intervention group (IG) and 26 from the control group (CG), was included. IG performed 16 weeks of supervised moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise. Assessments of VO2peak, mental speed and attention (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory, NPI) were performed at baseline and at 16 weeks. RESULT VO2peak increased 13% in the IG and a between-group difference in mean change (3.92 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 6.34-1.51, p = 0.003) was present in favor of the IG. Combined data from IG and CG showed positive associations between changes in VO2peak and changes in NPI (Rho = - 0.41, p = 0.042) and changes in SDMT (Rho = 0.36, p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise improves VO2peak in community-dwelling patients with mild AD. Furthermore, changes in VO2peak appear to be associated to changes in cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna A Sobol
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Have Dall
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Zealand University Hospital, Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Hoffmann
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hoffmann K, Sobol NA, Frederiksen KS, Beyer N, Vogel A, Vestergaard K, Brændgaard H, Gottrup H, Lolk A, Wermuth L, Jacobsen S, Laugesen LP, Gergelyffy RG, Høgh P, Bjerregaard E, Andersen BB, Siersma V, Johannsen P, Cotman CW, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch SG. Moderate-to-High Intensity Physical Exercise in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 50:443-53. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Hoffmann
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna A. Sobol
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian S. Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Annette Lolk
- Dementia Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lene Wermuth
- Dementia Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Geriatrics, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Center, Region Zealand, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Bjerregaard
- Memory Clinic, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B. Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl W. Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen G. Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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