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Ekhtiari H, Ghobadi-Azbari P, Thielscher A, Antal A, Li LM, Shereen AD, Cabral-Calderin Y, Keeser D, Bergmann TO, Jamil A, Violante IR, Almeida J, Meinzer M, Siebner HR, Woods AJ, Stagg CJ, Abend R, Antonenko D, Auer T, Bächinger M, Baeken C, Barron HC, Chase HW, Crinion J, Datta A, Davis MH, Ebrahimi M, Esmaeilpour Z, Falcone B, Fiori V, Ghodratitoostani I, Gilam G, Grabner RH, Greenspan JD, Groen G, Hartwigsen G, Hauser TU, Herrmann CS, Juan CH, Krekelberg B, Lefebvre S, Liew SL, Madsen KH, Mahdavifar-Khayati R, Malmir N, Marangolo P, Martin AK, Meeker TJ, Ardabili HM, Moisa M, Momi D, Mulyana B, Opitz A, Orlov N, Ragert P, Ruff CC, Ruffini G, Ruttorf M, Sangchooli A, Schellhorn K, Schlaug G, Sehm B, Soleimani G, Tavakoli H, Thompson B, Timmann D, Tsuchiyagaito A, Ulrich M, Vosskuhl J, Weinrich CA, Zare-Bidoky M, Zhang X, Zoefel B, Nitsche MA, Bikson M. A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): a consensus study and statement. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:596-617. [PMID: 35121855 PMCID: PMC7612687 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation, applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional MRI (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies. The objective of this work was to develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency and reproducibility (ContES checklist). A two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists through the International Network of the tES-fMRI Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC on the basis of a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed by using the checklist. Experts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (i) technological factors, (ii) safety and noise tests and (iii) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article. In conclusion, use of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lucia M Li
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Imaging Lab, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Duke Shereen
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuranny Cabral-Calderin
- Research Group Neural and Environmental Rhythms, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rany Abend
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marc Bächinger
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Crinion
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Research and Development, Soterix Medical, New York, USA
- The City College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew H Davis
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Falcone
- Northrop Grumman Company, Mission Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Valentina Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Iman Ghodratitoostani
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory (NEL), Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland H Grabner
- Educational Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joel D Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Groen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bart Krekelberg
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Lefebvre
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, K, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Nastaran Malmir
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paola Marangolo
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Aphasia Research Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Timothy J Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marius Moisa
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Momi
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beni Mulyana
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natasza Orlov
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Neuroimaging-Neuromodulation and Stroke Recovery Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Baystate-University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Vosskuhl
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Weinrich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Benedikt Zoefel
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Ekhtiari H, Tavakoli H, Addolorato G, Baeken C, Bonci A, Campanella S, Castelo-Branco L, Challet-Bouju G, Clark VP, Claus E, Dannon PN, Del Felice A, den Uyl T, Diana M, di Giannantonio M, Fedota JR, Fitzgerald P, Gallimberti L, Grall-Bronnec M, Herremans SC, Herrmann MJ, Jamil A, Khedr E, Kouimtsidis C, Kozak K, Krupitsky E, Lamm C, Lechner WV, Madeo G, Malmir N, Martinotti G, McDonald WM, Montemitro C, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Nasehi M, Noël X, Nosratabadi M, Paulus M, Pettorruso M, Pradhan B, Praharaj SK, Rafferty H, Sahlem G, Salmeron BJ, Sauvaget A, Schluter RS, Sergiou C, Shahbabaie A, Sheffer C, Spagnolo PA, Steele VR, Yuan TF, van Dongen JDM, Van Waes V, Venkatasubramanian G, Verdejo-García A, Verveer I, Welsh JW, Wesley MJ, Witkiewitz K, Yavari F, Zarrindast MR, Zawertailo L, Zhang X, Cha YH, George TP, Frohlich F, Goudriaan AE, Fecteau S, Daughters SB, Stein EA, Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Zangen A, Bikson M, Hanlon CA. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 104:118-140. [PMID: 31271802 PMCID: PMC7293143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data - emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iran
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Alcohol Use Disorder Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Catholic University of Rome, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vincent P Clark
- University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandra Del Felice
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Gallimberti
- Novella Fronda Foundation, Human Science and Brain Research, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sarah C Herremans
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Karolina Kozak
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St.-Petersburg, Russia; St.-Petersburg First Pavlov State Medical University, Russia
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Graziella Madeo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Montemitro
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xavier Noël
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Samir K Praharaj
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Haley Rafferty
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Laboratory «Movement, Interactions, Performance» (E.A. 4334), University of Nantes, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France; CHU de Nantes Addictology and Liaison Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Renée S Schluter
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, USA; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Iran
| | | | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | - Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Yavari
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | | | - Tony P George
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada
| | | | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin, Department of Research and Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Dept. Neurology, Bochum, Germany
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