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Cabral D, Banora MY, Antonino JD, Rodiuc N, Vieira P, Coelho RR, Chevalier C, Eekhout T, Engler G, De Veylder L, Grossi-de-Sa MF, de Almeida Engler J. The plant WEE1 kinase is involved in checkpoint control activation in nematode-induced galls. New Phytol 2020; 225:430-447. [PMID: 31505035 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galls induced by plant-parasitic nematodes involve a hyperactivation of the plant mitotic and endocycle machinery for their profit. Dedifferentiation of host root cells includes drastic cellular and molecular readjustments. In such a background, potential DNA damage in the genome of gall cells is evident. We investigated whether DNA damage checkpoint activation followed by DNA repair occurred, or was eventually circumvented, in nematode-induced galls. Galls display transcriptional activation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase WEE1, correlated with its protein localization in the nuclei. The promoter of the stress marker gene SMR7 was evaluated under the WEE1-knockout background. Drugs inducing DNA damage and a marker for DNA repair, PARP1, were used to understand the mechanisms for coping with DNA damage in galls. Our functional study revealed that gall cells lacking WEE1 conceivably entered mitosis prematurely, disturbing the cell cycle despite the loss of genome integrity. The disrupted nuclei phenotype in giant cells hinted at the accumulation of mitotic defects. In addition, WEE1-knockout in Arabidopsis and downregulation in tomato repressed infection and reproduction of root-knot nematodes. Together with data on DNA-damaging drugs, we suggest a conserved function for WEE1 in controlling G1/S cell cycle arrest in response to a replication defect in galls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cabral
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mohamed Youssef Banora
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, PO Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art-Khulais, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Dijair Antonino
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Agronomia/Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros S/N, Dois Irmãos,, Recife, PE, 521171-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Rodiuc
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vieira
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Roberta R Coelho
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Christian Chevalier
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Engler
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
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Rodiuc N, Barlet X, Hok S, Perfus-Barbeoch L, Allasia V, Engler G, Séassau A, Marteu N, de Almeida-Engler J, Panabières F, Abad P, Kemmerling B, Marco Y, Favery B, Keller H. Evolutionarily distant pathogens require the Arabidopsis phytosulfokine signalling pathway to establish disease. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1396-407. [PMID: 26290138 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Secreted peptides and their specific receptors frequently orchestrate cell-to-cell communication in plants. Phytosulfokines (PSKs) are secreted tyrosine-sulphated peptide hormones, which trigger cellular dedifferentiation and redifferentiation upon binding to their membrane receptor. Biotrophic plant pathogens frequently trigger the differentiation of host cells into specialized feeding structures, which are essential for successful infection. We found that oomycete and nematode infections were characterized by the tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Arabidopsis PSKs and the PSK receptor 1 (PSKR1). Subcellular analysis of PSKR1 distribution showed that the plasma membrane-bound receptor internalizes after binding of PSK-α. Arabidopsis pskr1 knockout mutants were impaired in their susceptibility to downy mildew infection. Impaired disease susceptibility depends on functional salicylic acid (SA) signalling, but not on the massive up-regulation of SA-associated defence-related genes. Knockout pskr1 mutants also displayed a major impairment of root-knot nematode reproduction. In the absence of functional PSKR1, giant cells arrested their development and failed to fully differentiate. Our findings indicate that the observed restriction of PSK signalling to cells surrounding giant cells contributes to the isotropic growth and maturation of nematode feeding sites. Taken together, our data suggest that PSK signalling in Arabidopsis promotes the differentiation of host cells into specialized feeding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodiuc
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Xavier Barlet
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR CNRS 2594 - INRA 441, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sophie Hok
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Valérie Allasia
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gilbert Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Aurélie Séassau
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Nathalie Marteu
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Franck Panabières
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yves Marco
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR CNRS 2594 - INRA 441, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Harald Keller
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Rodiuc N, Vieira P, Banora MY, de Almeida Engler J. On the track of transfer cell formation by specialized plant-parasitic nematodes. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:160. [PMID: 24847336 PMCID: PMC4017147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells are ubiquitous plant cells that play an important role in plant development as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are highly specialized and differentiated cells playing a central role in the acquisition, distribution and exchange of nutrients. Their unique structural traits are characterized by augmented ingrowths of invaginated secondary wall material, unsheathed by an amplified area of plasma membrane enriched in a suite of solute transporters. Similar morphological features can be perceived in vascular root feeding cells induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot and cyst nematodes, in a wide range of plant hosts. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, these obligatory biotrophic plant pathogens engage different approaches when reprogramming root cells into giant cells or syncytia, respectively. Both nematode feeding-cells types will serve as the main source of nutrients until the end of the nematode life cycle. In both cases, these nematodes are able to remarkably maneuver and reprogram plant host cells. In this review we will discuss the structure, function and formation of these specialized multinucleate cells that act as nutrient transfer cells accumulating and synthesizing components needed for survival and successful offspring of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant cells with transfer-like functions are also a renowned subject of interest involving still poorly understood molecular and cellular transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodiuc
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEBBrasília, Brasil
| | - Paulo Vieira
- NemaLab – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de ÉvoraÉvora, Portugal
| | | | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEBBrasília, Brasil
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plant, Health and Environment, Plant-Nematodes Interaction Team, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISASophia-Antipolis, France
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Vieira P, Escudero C, Rodiuc N, Boruc J, Russinova E, Glab N, Mota M, De Veylder L, Abad P, Engler G, de Almeida Engler J. Ectopic expression of Kip-related proteins restrains root-knot nematode-feeding site expansion. New Phytol 2013; 199:505-519. [PMID: 23574394 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of nematode feeding sites induced by root-knot nematodes involves the synchronized activation of cell cycle processes such as acytokinetic mitoses and DNA amplification. A number of key cell cycle genes are reported to be critical for nematode feeding site development. However, it remains unknown whether plant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors such as the Arabidopsis interactor/inhibitor of CDK (ICK)/Kip-related protein (KRP) family are involved in nematode feeding site development. This study demonstrates the involvement of Arabidopsis ICK2/KRP2 and ICK1/KRP1 in the control of mitosis to endoreduplication in galls induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Using ICK/KRP promoter-GUS fusions and mRNA in situ hybridizations, we showed that ICK2/KRP2, ICK3/KRP5 and ICK4/KRP6 are expressed in galls after nematode infection. Loss-of-function mutants have minor effects on gall development and nematode reproduction. Conversely, overexpression of both ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 impaired mitosis in giant cells and blocked neighboring cell proliferation, resulting in a drastic reduction of gall size. Studying the dynamics of protein expression demonstrated that protein levels of ICK2/KRP2 are tightly regulated during giant cell development and reliant on the presence of the nematode. This work demonstrates that impeding cell cycle progression by means of ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 overexpression severely restricts gall development, leading to a marked limitation of root-knot nematode development and reduced numbers of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Carmen Escudero
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Natalia Rodiuc
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Joanna Boruc
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Glab
- UMR8618, CNRS Université Paris-Sud 11, Bat 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Manuel Mota
- NemaLab/ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Abad
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Gilbert Engler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Banora MY, Rodiuc N, Baldacci-Cresp F, Smertenko A, Bleve-Zacheo T, Mellilo MT, Karimi M, Hilson P, Evrard JL, Favery B, Engler G, Abad P, de Almeida Engler J. Feeding cells induced by phytoparasitic nematodes require γ-tubulin ring complex for microtubule reorganization. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002343. [PMID: 22144887 PMCID: PMC3228788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the microtubule network is important for the fast isodiametric expansion of giant-feeding cells induced by root-knot nematodes. The efficiency of microtubule reorganization depends on the nucleation of new microtubules, their elongation rate and activity of microtubule severing factors. New microtubules in plants are nucleated by cytoplasmic or microtubule-bound γ-tubulin ring complexes. Here we investigate the requirement of γ-tubulin complexes for giant feeding cells development using the interaction between Arabidopsis and Meloidogyne spp. as a model system. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate that γ-tubulin localizes to both cortical cytoplasm and mitotic microtubule arrays of the giant cells where it can associate with microtubules. The transcripts of two Arabidopsis γ-tubulin (TUBG1 and TUBG2) and two γ-tubulin complex proteins genes (GCP3 and GCP4) are upregulated in galls. Electron microscopy demonstrates association of GCP3 and γ-tubulin as part of a complex in the cytoplasm of giant cells. Knockout of either or both γ-tubulin genes results in the gene dose-dependent alteration of the morphology of feeding site and failure of nematode life cycle completion. We conclude that the γ-tubulin complex is essential for the control of microtubular network remodelling in the course of initiation and development of giant-feeding cells, and for the successful reproduction of nematodes in their plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Youssef Banora
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Natalia Rodiuc
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mansour Karimi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Hilson
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Evrard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gilbert Engler
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, INRA-CNRS-UNS, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton is an important component of the plant's defense mechanism against the attack of pathogenic organisms. Plants however, are defenseless against parasitic root-knot and cyst nematodes and respond to the invasion by the development of a special feeding site that supplies the parasite with nutrients required for the completion of its life cycle. Recent studies of nematode invasion under treatment with cytoskeletal drugs and in mutant plants where normal functions of the cytoskeleton have been affected, demonstrate the importance of the cytoskeleton in the establishment of a feeding site and successful nematode reproduction. It appears that in the case of microfilaments, nematodes hijack the intracellular machinery that regulates actin dynamics and modulate the organization and properties of the actin filament network. Intervening with this process reduces the nematode infection efficiency and inhibits its life cycle. This discovery uncovers a new pathway that can be exploited for the protection of plants against nematodes.
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Clément M, Ketelaar T, Rodiuc N, Banora MY, Smertenko A, Engler G, Abad P, Hussey PJ, de Almeida Engler J. Actin-depolymerizing factor2-mediated actin dynamics are essential for root-knot nematode infection of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2009; 21:2963-79. [PMID: 19794115 PMCID: PMC2768942 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin and microtubule networks is known to occur in targeted vascular parenchymal root cells upon infection with the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Here, we show that actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is upregulated in the giant feeding cells of Arabidopsis thaliana that develop upon nematode infection and that knockdown of a specific ADF isotype inhibits nematode proliferation. Analysis of the levels of transcript and the localization of seven ADF genes shows that five are upregulated in galls that result from the infection and that ADF2 expression is particularly increased between 14 and 21 d after nematode inoculation. Further analysis of ADF2 function in inducible RNA interference lines designed to knock down ADF2 expression reveals that this protein is required for normal cell growth and plant development. The net effect of decreased levels of ADF2 is F-actin stabilization in cells, resulting from decreased F-actin turnover. In nematode-infected plants with reduced levels of ADF2, the galls containing the giant feeding cells and growing nematodes do not develop due to the arrest in growth of the giant multinucleate feeding cells, which in turn is due to an aberrant actin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Clément
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Tijs Ketelaar
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Rodiuc
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mohamed Youssef Banora
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert Engler
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Patrick J. Hussey
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- Unité Mixte de Recherches Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Address correspondence to
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Michelot A, Guérin C, Huang S, Ingouff M, Richard S, Rodiuc N, Staiger CJ, Blanchoin L. The formin homology 1 domain modulates the actin nucleation and bundling activity of Arabidopsis FORMIN1. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2296-313. [PMID: 15994911 PMCID: PMC1182490 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organization of actin filaments into large ordered structures is a tightly controlled feature of many cellular processes. However, the mechanisms by which actin filament polymerization is initiated from the available pool of profilin-bound actin monomers remain unknown in plants. Because the spontaneous polymerization of actin monomers bound to profilin is inhibited, the intervention of an actin promoting factor is required for efficient actin polymerization. Two such factors have been characterized from yeasts and metazoans: the Arp2/3 complex, a complex of seven highly conserved subunits including two actin-related proteins (ARP2 and ARP3), and the FORMIN family of proteins. The recent finding that Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking a functional Arp2/3 complex exhibit rather modest morphological defects leads us to consider whether the large FORMIN family plays a central role in the regulation of actin polymerization. Here, we have characterized the mechanism of action of Arabidopsis FORMIN1 (AFH1). Overexpression of AFH1 in pollen tubes has been shown previously to induce abnormal actin cable formation. We demonstrate that AFH1 has a unique behavior when compared with nonplant formins. The activity of the formin homology domain 2 (FH2), containing the actin binding activity, is modulated by the formin homology domain 1 (FH1). Indeed, the presence of the FH1 domain switches the FH2 domain from a tight capper (Kd approximately 3.7 nM) able to nucleate actin filaments that grow only in the pointed-end direction to a leaky capper that allows barbed-end elongation and efficient nucleation of actin filaments from actin monomers bound to profilin. Another exciting feature of AFH1 is its ability to bind to the side and bundle actin filaments. We have identified an actin nucleator that is able to organize actin filaments directly into unbranched actin filament bundles. We suggest that AFH1 plays a central role in the initiation and organization of actin cables from the pool of actin monomers bound to profilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphée Michelot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, F38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guérin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, F38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064
| | - Mathieu Ingouff
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, F38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Salk Institute, Structural Biology Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Natalia Rodiuc
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, F38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, F38054, Grenoble, France
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