1
|
Day S, Hay P, Basten C, Byrne S, Dearden A, Goldstein M, Hannigan A, Heruc G, Houlihan C, Roberts M, Tannous WK, Thornton C, Valentine N, Mitchison D. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in eating disorder treatment-seekers: Prevalence and associations with symptom severity. J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38637955 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Although childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been well-researched in eating disorder epidemiology, prevalence rates are unavailable for complex PTSD (CPTSD). Under recently introduced ICD-11 criteria, individuals with CPTSD have both PTSD symptoms and additional disturbances in self-organization (DSO). Using ICD-11 criteria, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTSD and DSO symptoms, diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD, and childhood trauma exposure in eating disorder treatment-seekers. Participants (N = 217) were individuals attending residential, partial hospitalization, and outpatient services who completed measures of eating disorder- and trauma-related symptoms and childhood adverse experiences. One third of participants reported PTSD symptoms, and over half reported DSO symptoms, with probable ICD-11 diagnostic rates of 3.8% for PTSD and 28.4% for CPTSD. CPTSD was significantly more prevalent than PTSD and more common in higher levels of care. Both PTSD and DSO symptom severity were positively correlated with eating disorder symptoms and impairment, rs = .285-.642. DSO symptom severity was a significant and unique explanatory factor of eating disorder severity and impairment. The findings highlight the prevalence of CPTSD in eating disorder populations and the association between DSO symptoms and eating psychopathology independent of PTSD symptoms. Implications are discussed for adjunct treatment approaches for individuals with comorbid eating disorders and PTSD or CPTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Day
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Mental Health Services Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Susan Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- The Swan Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda Dearden
- Queensland Eating Disorder Service, Indooroopilly, Australia
| | - Mandy Goldstein
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- everyBody Psychology & Wellbeing, Bondi Junction, Australia
| | - Amy Hannigan
- Queensland Eating Disorder Service, Indooroopilly, Australia
| | | | - Catherine Houlihan
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marion Roberts
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Nurture Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - W Kathy Tannous
- School of Business, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | | | | | - Deborah Mitchison
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vujovic Z, Cuarana E, Campbell KL, Valentine N, Koch S, Ziyaie D. Lumbosacral discitis following laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy: a rare but potentially serious complication. Tech Coloproctol 2015; 19:263-5. [PMID: 25720459 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-015-1279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Vujovic
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seiner DR, Colburn HA, Baird C, Bartholomew RA, Straub T, Victry K, Hutchison JR, Valentine N, Bruckner-Lea CJ. Evaluation of the FilmArray® system for detection of Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:992-1000. [PMID: 23279070 PMCID: PMC3617465 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the BioFire Diagnostics FilmArray® system in combination with their Biothreat Panel for the detection of Bacillus anthracis (Ba), Francisella tularensis (Ft) and Yersinia pestis (Yp) DNA, and demonstrate the detection of Ba spores. Methods and Results DNA samples from Ba, Ft and Yp strains and near-neighbours, and live Ba spores were analysed using the FilmArray® Biothreat Panel, a multiplexed PCR-based assay for 17 pathogens and toxins. Sensitivity studies with DNA indicate that the limit of detection is 250 genome equivalents (GEs) per sample or lower. Furthermore, the identification of Ft, Yp or Bacillus species was made in 63 of 72 samples tested at 25 GE or less. With samples containing 25 CFU of Ba Sterne spores, at least one of the two possible Ba markers was identified in all samples tested. We observed no cross-reactivity with near-neighbour DNAs. Conclusions Our results indicate that the FilmArray® Biothreat Panel is a sensitive and selective assay for detecting the genetic signatures of Ba, Ft and Yp. Significance and Impact of the Study The FilmArray® platform is a complete sample-to-answer system, combining sample preparation, PCR and data analysis. This system is particularly suited for biothreat testing where samples need to be analysed for multiple biothreats by operators with limited training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Seiner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signature Science Group, National Security Directorate, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilkins JJ, Folb PI, Valentine N, Barnes KI. An economic comparison of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line treatment for malaria in South Africa: development of a model for estimating recurrent direct costs. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96:85-90. [PMID: 11926003 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative cost-effectiveness of chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line antimalarial therapy in southern Africa is of great interest to policymakers, clinicians and researchers in the subregion. A model was developed to access the cost-effectiveness of replacing CQ with SP as first-line treatment in Mpumalanga, South Africa, where malaria is seasonal and the population is non-immune. In-vivo drug resistance levels were used to derive a 'resistance variable' for each drug, which was used to compare the costs to the public healthcare provider associated with either therapeutic option. Costs including drugs, staff time, transport, maintenance, utilities, training and consumables were determined and subjected to Monte Carlo simulation and subsequent analysis to generate an average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) with confidence intervals for each drug. SP was found to be 4.8 (95% CI 3.3-6.7) times more cost-effective than CQ in Mpumalanga at 1997 resistance levels and costs, despite the far greater cost per treatment course of SP (US$ 4.02 as opposed to US$ 0.22 for CQ) in South Africa. At the price of SP in Kenya and Uganda (US$ 0.47-4.80 per treatment course), the ACER for SP does not change materially, increasing to between 5.1 and 5.6. Resistance emerged as the factor that most influenced the ACER of a specific drug. Indirect costs, compliance, changes in effectiveness and costs over time and costs of adverse events were not included in the model owing to paucity of data and logistical difficulties. Since most of these are likely to be similar in both drug models, the relative ACER is unlikely to be significantly altered by their inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Wilkins
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
A common feature of many different organisms causing bacteremia is the ability to avoid the bactericidal effects of normal human serum. In Haemophilus influenzae encapsulated strains are particularly serum resistant; however, we found that a nonencapsulated strain (R2866) isolated from the blood of an immunocompetent child with meningitis who had been successfully immunized with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine was serum resistant. Since serum resistance usually involves circumventing the action of the complement system, we defined the deposition of various complement components on the surfaces of this H. influenzae strain (R2866), a nonencapsulated avirulent laboratory strain (Rd), and a virulent type b encapsulated strain (Eagan). Membrane attack complex (MAC) accumulation correlated with the loss of bacterial viability; correspondingly, the rates of MAC deposition on the serum-sensitive strain Rd and the serum-resistant strains differed. Analysis of cell-associated immunoglobulin G (IgG), C1q, C3b, and C5b indicated that serum-resistant H. influenzae prevents MAC accumulation by delaying the synthesis of C3b through the classical pathway. Among the initiators of the classical pathway, IgG deposition contributes most of the C3 convertase activity necessary to start the cascade ending with MAC deposition. Despite similar IgG binding, strain R2866 delays C3 convertase activity compared to strain Rd. We conclude that strain R2866 can persist in the bloodstream, in part by inhibiting or delaying C3 deposition on the cell surface, escaping complement mediated killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Williams
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Nurse administrators can enhance nursing practice and improve patient care by providing clinical nurses with ways to develop and share their expertise in areas such as education, management, quality assurance, advanced clinical practice, and research. The authors describe the Career Development Internship Program that grew out of the Management Internship Program. This creative program allows for professional growth in specific fields while also developing leadership capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Verhey
- Department of Nursing, San Francisco State University, CA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Babor TF, Meyer RE, Mirin SM, Davies M, Valentine N, Rawlins M. Interpersonal behavior in a small group setting during the heroin addiction cycle. Int J Addict 1976; 11:513-23. [PMID: 965127 DOI: 10.3109/10826087609056167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a study of social interaction during an experimental addiction cycle, male narcotic addicts expressed more hostility after higher doses of heroin. No consistent role variations were observed in dominance, friendliness, or therapeutic-orientation.
Collapse
|