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de Castro Alves CE, Bogza SL, Bohdan N, Rozhenko AB, de Freitas Gomes A, de Oliveira RC, de Azevedo RG, Maciel LRS, Dhyani A, Grafov A, Pontes GS. Pharmacological assessment of the antineoplastic and immunomodulatory properties of a new spiroindolone derivative (7',8'-Dimethoxy-1',3'-dimethyl-1,2,3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,5'-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin]-2-one) in chronic myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:629-637. [PMID: 37452982 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of effective novel compounds is paramount in oncology for improving cancer therapy. In this study, we developed a new derivative of spiroindolone (7',8'-Dimethoxy-1',3'-dimethyl-1,2,3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,5'- pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin]-2-one) and evaluated its anticancer- and immunomodulatory potential in a vitro model of chronic leukemia. We utilized the chronic leukemia cell line K562, as well as non-cancerous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Vero cells (kidney epithelium of Cercopithecus aethiops). We assessed the cytotoxicity of the compound using the MTT assay, and performed cell cycle assays to determine its impact on different stages of the cell cycle. To evaluate its antineoplastic activity, we conducted a colony formation test to measure the effect of the compound on the clonal growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the compound by measuring the levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The study findings demonstrate that the spiroindolone-derived compound exerted noteworthy cytotoxic effects against K562 cells, with an IC50 value of 25.27 µg/mL. Additionally, it was observed that the compound inhibited the clonal proliferation of K562 cells while displaying minimal toxicity to normal cells. The compound exhibited its antiproliferative activity by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, preventing the entry of K562 cells into mitosis. Notably, the compound demonstrated an immunomodulatory effect by upregulating the production of cytokines IL-6 and IL-12/23p40. In conclusion, the spiroindolone-derived compound evaluated in this study has demonstrated significant potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Further investigations are warranted to explore its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil
| | - Serge L Bogza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Nathalie Bohdan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str. 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine 'Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute', Beresteiskyi prosp. 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Alice de Freitas Gomes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Renata Galvão de Azevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Larissa Raquel Silva Maciel
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil
| | - Anamika Dhyani
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, AM, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067- 375, AM, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, The State University of Amazon, Manaus, 69050-010, AM, Brazil.
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Aguila S, Navarro-Fernández J, Bohdan N, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Vicente V, Corral J, Martínez-Martínez I. Role of the C-sheet in the maturation of N-glycans on antithrombin: functional relevance of pleiotropic mutations. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1131-40. [PMID: 24824609 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterization of natural mutants identified in patients with antithrombin deficiency has helped to identify functional domains or regions of this key anticoagulant and the mechanisms involved in the deficiency, as well as to define the clinical prognosis. Recently, we described an abnormal glycosylation in a pleiotropic mutant (K241E) that explained the impaired heparin affinity and the mild risk of thrombosis in carriers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of different natural pleiotropic mutations on the glycosylation of antithrombin and their functional effects. METHODS Five pleiotropic mutations identified in patients with antithrombin deficiency and located at each one of the strands of the C-sheet were selected (K241E, M251I, M315K, F402L, and P429L). Recombinant mutants were generated and purified. Glycoform heterogeneity and conformational sensitivity were studied with electrophoresis, proteomic analysis, and glycomic analysis. Heparin affinity was evaluated from intrinsic fluorescence. Reactivity assays with factor Xa, thrombin and neutrophil elastase in the presence or absence of heparin were also performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Pleiotropic mutants, except for that with the M315K mutation, which affects a non-exposed residue, showed two glycoforms. Variant 1, with abnormal glycosylation, had reduced heparin affinity and severely affected reactivity with the target proteases. In contrast, variant 2, with similar electrophoretic mobility and heparin affinity to wild-type antithrombin, had impaired inhibitory activity that was partially compensated for by activation with heparin. Our results suggest the C-sheet of antithrombin as a new region that is relevant for proper maturation of the N-glycans. Therefore, pleiotropic mutations lead to glycosylation defects that are responsible for the reduced heparin affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aguila
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica HU Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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