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Mohammed U, Davis J, Rossall S, Swarup K, Czyzewicz N, Bhosale R, Foulkes J, Murchie EH, Swarup R. Phosphite treatment can improve root biomass and nutrition use efficiency in wheat. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1017048. [PMID: 36388577 PMCID: PMC9662169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite represents a reduced form of phosphate that belongs to a class of crop growth-promoting chemicals termed biostimulants. Previous research has shown that phosphite application can enhance root growth, but its underlying mechanism, especially during environmental stresses, remains elusive. To uncover this, we undertook a series of morphological and physiological analyses under nutrient, water and heat stresses following a foliar application in wheat. Non-invasive 3D imaging of root system architecture directly in soil using X-ray Computed Tomography revealed that phosphite treatment improves root architectural traits and increased root biomass. Biochemical and physiological assays identified that phosphite treatment significantly increases Nitrate Reductase (NR) activity, leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, suggesting improved Nitrogen and Carbon assimilation, respectively. These differences were more pronounced under heat or drought treatment (photosynthesis and photosystem II stability) and nutrient deficiency (root traits and NR). Overall our results suggest that phosphite treatment improves the ability of plants to tolerate abiotic stresses through improved Nitrogen and Carbon assimilation, combined with improved root growth which may improve biomass and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mohammed
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Davis
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Rossall
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Mars Petcare, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Czyzewicz N, Nikonorova N, Meyer MR, Sandal P, Shah S, Vu LD, Gevaert K, Rao AG, De Smet I. The growing story of (ARABIDOPSIS) CRINKLY 4. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:4835-4847. [PMID: 27208540 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor kinases play important roles in plant growth and development, but only few of them have been functionally characterized in depth. Over the past decade CRINKLY 4 (CR4)-related research has peaked as a result of a newly discovered role of ARABIDOPSIS CR4 (ACR4) in the root. Here, we comprehensively review the available (A)CR4 literature and describe its role in embryo, seed, shoot, and root development, but we also flag an unexpected role in plant defence. In addition, we discuss ACR4 domains and protein structure, describe known ACR4-interacting proteins and substrates, and elaborate on the transcriptional regulation of ACR4 Finally, we address the missing knowledge in our understanding of ACR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew R Meyer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Priyanka Sandal
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shweta Shah
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Gururaj Rao
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Czyzewicz N, De Smet I. The Arabidopsis thaliana CLAVATA3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION 26 (CLE26) peptide is able to alter root architecture of Solanum lycopersicum and Brassica napus. Plant Signal Behav 2016; 11:e1118598. [PMID: 26669515 PMCID: PMC4871666 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimal development of root architecture is vital to the structure and nutrient absorption capabilities of any plant. We recently demonstrated that AtCLE26 regulates A. thaliana root architecture development, possibly by altering auxin distribution to the root apical meristem via inhibition of protophloem development. In addition, we showed that AtCLE26 application is able to induce a root architectural change in the monocots Brachypodium distachyon and Triticum aestivum. Here, we showed that application of the synthetic AtCLE26 peptide similarly affects other important agricultural species, such as Brassica napus and Solanum lycopersicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Nikonorova N, Vu LD, Czyzewicz N, Gevaert K, De Smet I. A phylogenetic approach to study the origin and evolution of the CRINKLY4 family. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:880. [PMID: 26557128 PMCID: PMC4617170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and relies to a large extent on peptide ligand-receptor kinase signaling mechanisms. The CRINKLY4 (CR4) family of receptor-like kinases is involved in a wide range of developmental processes in plants, including mediating columella stem cell identity and differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana root tip. Members of the CR4 family contain a signal peptide, an extracellular part, a single-pass transmembrane helix and an intracellular cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. The main distinguishing features of the family are the presence of seven "crinkly" repeats and a TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR (TNFR)-like domain in the extracellular part. Here, we investigated the evolutionary origin of the CR4 family and explored to what extent members of this family are conserved throughout the green lineage. We identified members of the CR4 family in various dicots and monocots, and also in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. In addition, we attempted to gain insight in the evolutionary origin of different CR4-specific domains, and we could detect "crinkly" repeat containing proteins already in single celled algae. Finally, we related the presence of likely functional CR4 orthologs to its best described signaling module comprising CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 40 (CLE40), WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), CLAVATA 1 (CLV1), and ARABIDOPSIS CR4 (ACR4), and established that this module likely is already present in bryophytes and lycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Lam D. Vu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology, University of NottinghamLoughborough, UK
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Czyzewicz N, Shi CL, Vu LD, Van De Cotte B, Hodgman C, Butenko MA, De Smet I. Modulation of Arabidopsis and monocot root architecture by CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION 26 peptide. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5229-43. [PMID: 26188203 PMCID: PMC4526925 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are important for a wide range of processes, including nutrient and water uptake, anchoring and mechanical support, storage functions, and as the major interface with the soil environment. Several small signalling peptides and receptor kinases have been shown to affect primary root growth, but very little is known about their role in lateral root development. In this context, the CLE family, a group of small signalling peptides that has been shown to affect a wide range of developmental processes, were the focus of this study. Here, the expression pattern during lateral root initiation for several CLE family members is explored and to what extent CLE1, CLE4, CLE7, CLE26, and CLE27, which show specific expression patterns in the root, are involved in regulating root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana is assessed. Using chemically synthesized peptide variants, it was found that CLE26 plays an important role in regulating A. thaliana root architecture and interacts with auxin signalling. In addition, through alanine scanning and in silico structural modelling, key residues in the CLE26 peptide sequence that affect its activity are pinpointed. Finally, some interesting similarities and differences regarding the role of CLE26 in regulating monocot root architecture are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Van De Cotte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlie Hodgman
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Czyzewicz N, Wildhagen M, Cattaneo P, Stahl Y, Pinto KG, Aalen RB, Butenko MA, Simon R, Hardtke CS, De Smet I. Antagonistic peptide technology for functional dissection of CLE peptides revisited. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5367-74. [PMID: 26136270 PMCID: PMC4526918 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, over 1000 putative genes encoding small, presumably secreted, signalling peptides can be recognized. However, a major obstacle in identifying the function of genes encoding small signalling peptides is the limited number of available loss-of-function mutants. To overcome this, a promising new tool, antagonistic peptide technology, was recently developed. Here, this antagonistic peptide technology was tested on selected CLE peptides and the related IDA peptide and its usefulness in the context of studies of peptide function discussed. Based on the analyses, it was concluded that the antagonistic peptide approach is not the ultimate means to overcome redundancy or lack of loss-of-function lines. However, information collected using antagonistic peptide approaches (in the broad sense) can be very useful, but these approaches do not work in all cases and require a deep insight on the interaction between the ligand and its receptor to be successful. This, as well as peptide ligand structure considerations, should be taken into account before ordering a wide range of synthetic peptide variants and/or generating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mari Wildhagen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pietro Cattaneo
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karine Gustavo Pinto
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reidunn B Aalen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Classical and recently found phytohormones play an important role in plant growth and development, but plants additionally control these processes through small signalling peptides. Over 1000 potential small signalling peptide sequences are present in the Arabidopsis genome. However, to date, a mere handful of small signalling peptides have been functionally characterized and few have been linked to a receptor. Here, we assess the potential small signalling peptide outputs, namely the molecular, biochemical, and morphological changes they trigger in Arabidopsis. However, we also include some notable studies in other plant species, in order to illustrate the varied effects that can be induced by small signalling peptides. In addition, we touch on some evolutionary aspects of small signalling peptides, as studying their signalling outputs in single-cell green algae and early land plants will assist in our understanding of more complex land plants. Our overview illustrates the growing interest in the small signalling peptide research area and its importance in deepening our understanding of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Czyzewicz
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Hey F, Czyzewicz N, Jones P, Sablitzky F. DEF6, a novel substrate for the Tec kinase ITK, contains a glutamine-rich aggregation-prone region and forms cytoplasmic granules that co-localize with P-bodies. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31073-84. [PMID: 22829599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.346767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of DEF6 (SLAT/IBP), a Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, to the center of the immune synapse is dependent upon ITK, a Tec-family kinase that regulates the spatiotemporal organization of components of T cell signaling pathways and Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization. Here we demonstrate that ITK both interacts with DEF6 and phosphorylates DEF6 at tyrosine residues Tyr(210) and Tyr(222). Expression of a GFP-tagged Y210E-Y222E phosphomimic resulted in the formation of DEF6 cytoplasmic granules that co-localized with decapping enzyme 1 (DCP1), a marker of P-bodies; sites of mRNA degradation. Similarly treatment of cells with puromycin or sodium arsenite, reagents that arrest translation, also resulted in the accumulation of DEF6 in cytoplasmic granules. Bioinformatics analysis identified a glutamine-rich, heptad-repeat region; a feature of aggregating proteins, within the C-terminal region of DEF6 with the potential to promote granule formation through a phosphorylation-dependent unmasking of this region. These data suggest that in addition to its role as a GEF, DEF6 may also function in regulating mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hey
- School of Biology, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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