1
|
Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Sosnowski DW, Kuo SIC, Strickland JC, García-Marín LM, Rentería ME, Gillespie N, Maher B, Ialongo NS, Thorpe RJ, Uhl G. Associations of polygenic risk scores for smoking heaviness and lifetime cannabis use with tobacco and cannabis co-use trajectories among African Americans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110895. [PMID: 37517263 PMCID: PMC10495192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify distinct trajectories of tobacco, cannabis, and their co-use among African Americans, and to investigate whether these patterns were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for tobacco and cannabis use. METHOD Participants (N=428 participants; 50.9% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based prevention in a Mid-Atlantic city when they were in first grade. From ages 14-26, participants reported on their frequency of tobacco and cannabis use in the past year during annual assessments. DNA was collected from participants at age 21. PRS for smoking heaviness (i.e., cigarettes per day) and lifetime cannabis use were created based on genome-wide association study results derived from Liu et al. (2019) and Pasman et al. (2018), respectively. RESULTS We identified five distinct trajectories of tobacco and cannabis co-use, including (1) Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (2) Adolescent Limited Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (3) Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco, (4) Experimental Tobacco, Young Adult Increasing Cannabis, and (5) High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use. Compared to the Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup, individuals in the High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup had greater PRS for smoking heaviness, and individuals in the Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco subgroup had higher PRS for lifetime cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk for lifetime cannabis use and smoking heaviness is associated with the developmental progression of tobacco and cannabis co-use among African Americans, furthering knowledge on the etiology of co-use in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Uhl
- New Mexico VA Health Care SystemAlbuquerque, NMUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frost H, Tooman T, Cowie J, Gillespie N, Ackerman P, Krievs E, Dziedzic K. Advanced Practice Physiotherapists and the implementation of the JIGSAW-E model for the management of osteoarthritis in Scottish primary care settings: a qualitative case study. Physiotherapy 2022; 117:81-88. [PMID: 36244276 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the acceptability, barriers and enablers of NICE guidelines for osteoarthritis in the Scottish primary care setting using the Joint Implementation of Guidelines for Osteoarthritis in Western Europe (JIGSAW-E) model and investigate the role of Advanced Physiotherapy Practitioners (APPs) in providing evidence-based care. DESIGN A qualitative case study comprised of semi-structured interviews followed by a workshop with participants. SETTING 10 Scottish primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS Six general practitioners (GPs) and eight APPs were interviewed. Twenty-three practitioners attended the workshop including 22 physiotherapists and one GP. RESULTS While both GPs and APPs recognised the need to improve and standardise osteoarthritis care delivery, this study found that APPs were better situated to implement the evidence-based model. Barriers to implementation included lack of time for training, limited appointment time for GPs to consult and discuss medication use with patients, limitation of disease specific guidelines for patients with complex multimorbidity, and system-based barriers such as electronic data collection and high staff turnover. The key enabler was practitioners' motivation to provide optimal, standardised quality care for osteoarthritis. To increase acceptance, ownership and usability for both practitioners and patients, the JIGSAW-E model materials required adaptation to the local context. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the JIGSAW-E model is acceptable in Scottish primary care. Furthermore, the evolving roles of GPs and APPs within multidisciplinary primary care teams provides a platform to implement the JIGSAW-E model, where APPs are well placed to provide leadership and training in the delivery of evidence-based care for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Frost
- Edinburgh Napier University, The School of Health and Social Care, Scotland, UK; University of Edinburgh, Advanced Care Research Centre (ACRC), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - T Tooman
- University of Edinburgh, Advanced Care Research Centre (ACRC), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Scotland, UK; University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
| | - J Cowie
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
| | - N Gillespie
- Edinburgh Napier University, The School of Health and Social Care, Scotland, UK.
| | - P Ackerman
- Department of Physiotherapy, NHS Lothian, St John's Hospital, Livingston, Scotland UK.
| | - E Krievs
- Dalhousie Medical Practice, Bonnyrigg Health Centre, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
| | - K Dziedzic
- Impact Accelerator Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, England, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saunders GRB, Wang X, Chen F, Jang SK, Liu M, Wang C, Gao S, Jiang Y, Khunsriraksakul C, Otto JM, Addison C, Akiyama M, Albert CM, Aliev F, Alonso A, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Ashrani AA, Barnes KC, Barr RG, Bartz TM, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Boardman JD, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chasman DI, Chavan S, Chen YDI, Chen Z, Cheng I, Cho MH, Choquet H, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Cucca F, Curran JE, de Andrade M, Dick DM, Docherty AR, Duggirala R, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Faul JD, Fernandes Silva L, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gabrielsen ME, Garrett ME, Gharib SA, Gieger C, Gillespie N, Glahn DC, Gordon SD, Gu CC, Gu D, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Haessler J, Hall ME, Haller T, Harris KM, He J, Herd P, Hewitt JK, Hickie I, Hidalgo B, Hokanson JE, Hopfer C, Hottenga J, Hou L, Huang H, Hung YJ, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Hwang SJ, Hwu CM, Iacono W, Irvin MR, Jee YH, Johnson EO, Joo YY, Jorgenson E, Justice AE, Kamatani Y, Kaplan RC, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kraft P, Krauter K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lasky-Su J, Lee WJ, Lee JJ, Levy D, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lind PA, Liu C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lutz SM, Ma J, Mägi R, Manichaikul A, Martin NG, Mathur R, Matoba N, McArdle PF, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Meyers DA, Millwood IY, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Moll M, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nielsen JB, North KE, Oelsner EC, Okada Y, Orrù V, Palmer ND, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Park SL, Peters U, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polderman TJC, Rafaels N, Redline S, Reed RM, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rich SS, Richmond NE, Roan C, Rotter JI, Rueschman MN, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Schwartz DA, Shadyab AH, Shi J, Shringarpure SS, Sicinski K, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stallings MC, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stitzel JA, Sun X, Syed M, Tal-Singer R, Taylor AE, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Thai KK, Tiwari H, Turman C, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Walters RG, Weir DR, Weiss ST, White WB, Whitfield JB, Wiggins KL, Willemsen G, Willer CJ, Winsvold BS, Xu H, Yanek LR, Yin J, Young KL, Young KA, Yu B, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zöllner S, Zuccolo L, Batini C, Bergen AW, Bierut LJ, David SP, Gagliano Taliun SA, Hancock DB, Jiang B, Munafò MR, Thorgeirsson TE, Liu DJ, Vrieze S. Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use. Nature 2022; 612:720-724. [PMID: 36477530 PMCID: PMC9771818 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol use are heritable behaviours associated with 15% and 5.3% of worldwide deaths, respectively, due largely to broad increased risk for disease and injury1-4. These substances are used across the globe, yet genome-wide association studies have focused largely on individuals of European ancestries5. Here we leveraged global genetic diversity across 3.4 million individuals from four major clines of global ancestry (approximately 21% non-European) to power the discovery and fine-mapping of genomic loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use, to inform function of these loci via ancestry-aware transcriptome-wide association studies, and to evaluate the genetic architecture and predictive power of polygenic risk within and across populations. We found that increases in sample size and genetic diversity improved locus identification and fine-mapping resolution, and that a large majority of the 3,823 associated variants (from 2,143 loci) showed consistent effect sizes across ancestry dimensions. However, polygenic risk scores developed in one ancestry performed poorly in others, highlighting the continued need to increase sample sizes of diverse ancestries to realize any potential benefit of polygenic prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Seon-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline M Otto
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clifton Addison
- Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Christine M Albert
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Dean's Office and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aneel A Ashrani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Tempus, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles C Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Translational Sciences Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ian Hickie
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - JoukeJan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yon Ho Jee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yoonjung Y Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Translational Sciences Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Li
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ravi Mathur
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick F McArdle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Pandit
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Lani Park
- Population Sciences of the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nicole E Richmond
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol Roan
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Rueschman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Saccone
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kamil Sicinski
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Moin Syed
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn J Telen
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Khanh K Thai
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hemant Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy B White
- Jackson Heart Study Undergraduate Training and Education Center, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, USA
| | - John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huichun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Health Data Science Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Oregon Research Institute, Springfield, OR, USA
- BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P David
- Outcomes Research Network & Department of Family Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Centre, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bibo Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahangari M, Kirkpatrick R, Nguyen TH, Gillespie N, Kendler KS, Bacanu SA, Webb BT, Verrelli BC, Riley BP. Examining the source of increased bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder common risk variation burden in multiplex schizophrenia families. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2022; 8:106. [PMID: 36434002 PMCID: PMC9700852 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic and affective disorders often aggregate in the relatives of probands with schizophrenia, and genetic studies show substantial genetic correlation among schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. In this study, we examined the polygenic risk burden of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in 257 multiplex schizophrenia families (N = 1005) from the Irish Study of High-Density Multiplex Schizophrenia Families versus 2205 ancestry-matched controls. Our results indicate that members of multiplex schizophrenia families have an increased polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder compared to population controls. However, this observation is largely attributable to the part of the genetic risk that bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder share with schizophrenia due to genetic correlation, rather than the affective portion of the genetic risk unique to them. These findings suggest that a complete interpretation of cross-disorder polygenic risks in multiplex families requires an assessment of the relative contribution of shared versus unique genetic factors to account for genetic correlations across psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahangari
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Integrative Life Sciences PhD Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Robert Kirkpatrick
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Tan-Hoang Nguyen
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- grid.62562.350000000100301493GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Brian C. Verrelli
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Brien P. Riley
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bountress KE, Brick LA, Sheerin C, Grotzinger A, Bustamante D, Hawn SE, Gillespie N, Kirkpatrick RM, Kranzler H, Morey R, Edenberg HJ, Maihofer AX, Disner S, Ashley-Koch A, Peterson R, Lori A, Stein DJ, Kimbrel N, Nievergelt C, Andreassen OA, Luykx J, Javanbakht A, Youssef NA, Amstadter AB. Alcohol use and alcohol use disorder differ in their genetic relationships with PTSD: A genomic structural equation modelling approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109430. [PMID: 35367939 PMCID: PMC9018560 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD), which are all moderately heritable. Studies suggest the genetic association between PTSD and alcohol use differs from that of PTSD and AUD, but further analysis is needed. BASIC PROCEDURES We used genomic Structural Equation Modeling (genomicSEM) to analyze summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European Ancestry participants to investigate the genetic relationships between PTSD (both diagnosis and re-experiencing symptom severity) and a range of alcohol use and AUD phenotypes. MAIN FINDINGS When we differentiated genetic factors for alcohol use and AUD we observed improved model fit relative to models with all alcohol-related indicators loading onto a single factor. The genetic correlations (rG) of PTSD were quite discrepant for the alcohol use and AUD factors. This was true when modeled as a three-correlated-factor model (PTSD-AUD rG:.36, p < .001; PTSD-alcohol use rG: -0.17, p < .001) and as a Bifactor model, in which the common and unique portions of alcohol phenotypes were pulled out into an AUD-specific factor (rG with PTSD:.40, p < .001), AU-specific factor (rG with PTSD: -0.57, p < .001), and a common alcohol factor (rG with PTSD:.16, NS). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the genetic architecture of alcohol use and AUD are differentially associated with PTSD. When the portions of variance unique to alcohol use and AUD are extracted, their genetic associations with PTSD vary substantially, suggesting different genetic architectures of alcohol phenotypes in people with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Quantitative Sciences Program, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, USA
| | - Christina Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Andrew Grotzinger
- Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Statistical Genetics, Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - Daniel Bustamante
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Sage E Hawn
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Robert M Kirkpatrick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Henry Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajendra Morey
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seth Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roseann Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathan Kimbrel
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht, The Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry Utrecht, University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Outpatient second opinion clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Stress, Trauma, and Anxiety Research Clinic (STARC), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nagy A Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Czajkowski N, Kendler KS, Torvik FA, Ystrom E, Rosenström T, Gillespie N, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Caffeine consumption, toxicity, tolerance and withdrawal; shared genetic influences with normative personality and personality disorder traits. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:650-658. [PMID: 33252959 PMCID: PMC8733938 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our main aim was to estimate the extent of overlapping etiology between caffeine consumption and response and normative and pathological personality. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify normative personality domains and personality disorder (PD) traits for inclusion in multivariate twin analyses together with individual caffeine related measures. Data were obtained from Norwegian adult twins in a face-to-face interview conducted in 1999-2004 as part of a population-based study of mental health and through self-report in 2010-2011 and 2015-2017. Personality disorder data was available for 2,793 twins, normative personality for 3,889 twins, and caffeine for 3,862 twins (mean age 43.0 years). Normative personality was assessed using the self-reported Big Five Inventory, PD traits were assessed by the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality, and caffeine consumption, toxicity, tolerance, and withdrawal were assessed through a self-report questionnaire developed at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Caffeine measures were found to be moderately heritable, h2 = 30.1%-45.0%. All normative personality domains and four PD traits, antisocial, borderline, dependent and paranoid, were significantly associated with at least one caffeine variable. A small proportion of variance in caffeine consumption was attributable to genetic factors shared with normative personality (1.3%) and personality disorders (11.4%). A modest proportion of variance in caffeine tolerance and toxicity was attributable to genetic factors shared with both normative personality (26.9%, 24.8%) and personality disorders (21.0%, 36.0%). The present study found caffeine consumption and response to be heritable and provides evidence that a small to-modest proportion of this genetic etiology is shared with both normative and pathological personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway, Richmond, VA.,PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Richmond, VA.,Centre for fertility and health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway, Richmond, VA.,PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway, Richmond, VA.,Department of Psychiatry, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway, Richmond, VA.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Richmond, VA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bountress KE, Wendt F, Bustamante D, Agrawal A, Webb B, Gillespie N, Edenberg H, Sheerin C, Johnson E, Polimanti R, Amstadter A. Potential causal effect of posttraumatic stress disorder on alcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption in individuals of European descent: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1616-1623. [PMID: 34120358 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with alcohol consumption (AC) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, it is unknown whether the same etiologic influences that underlie PTSD co-occurring with AUD are those that underlie PTSD and AC individually. METHODS This study used large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to test whether PTSD and drinks per week [DPW]/AUD are causally related to one another, and, if so, whether PTSD precedes DPW/AUD and/or vice versa. We used Mendelian Randomization methods to analyze European ancestry GWAS summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC; PTSD), GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN; DPW), and the Million Veteran Program (MVP; AUD). RESULTS PTSD exerted a potentially causal effect on AUD (β = 0.039, SE = 0.014, p = 0.005), but not on DPW (β = 0.002, SE = 0.003, p = 0.414). Additionally, neither DPW (β = 0.019, SE = 0.041, p = 0.637) nor AUD (β = 8.87 × 10-4 , SE = 0.001, p = 0.441) exerted a causal effect on PTSD. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the self-medication model, in which individuals misuse alcohol to cope with aversive trauma-related symptoms. These findings extend latent analysis and molecular findings of shared and correlated risk between PTSD and alcohol phenotypes. Given the health behaviors associated with these phenotypes, these findings are important in that they suggest groups to prioritize for prevention efforts. Further, they provide a rationale for future preclinical and clinical studies examining the biological mechanisms by which PTSD may impact AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Frank Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Bustamante
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Christina Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Emma Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Ananda Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eyler LT, Elman JA, Hatton SN, Gough S, Mischel AK, Hagler DJ, Franz CE, Docherty A, Fennema-Notestine C, Gillespie N, Gustavson D, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Panizzon MS, Dale AM, Kremen WS. Resting State Abnormalities of the Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:107-120. [PMID: 31177210 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale brain networks such as the default mode network (DMN) are often disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have examined DMN functional connectivity in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a presumed AD precursor, to discover a biomarker of AD risk. Prior reviews were qualitative or limited in scope or approach. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically and quantitatively review DMN resting state fMRI studies comparing MCI and healthy comparison (HC) groups. METHODS PubMed was searched for relevant articles. Study characteristics were abstracted and the number of studies showing no group difference or hyper- versus hypo-connnectivity in MCI was tallied. A voxel-wise (ES-SDM) meta-analysis was conducted to identify regional group differences. RESULTS Qualitatively, our review of 57 MCI versus HC comparisons suggests substantial inconsistency; 9 showed no group difference, 8 showed MCI > HC and 22 showed HC > MCI across the brain, and 18 showed regionally-mixed directions of effect. The meta-analysis of 31 studies revealed areas of significant hypo- and hyper-connectivity in MCI, including hypoconnectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (z = -3.1, p < 0.0001). Very few individual studies, however, showed patterns resembling the meta-analytic results. Methodological differences did not appear to explain inconsistencies. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of altered resting DMN function or connectivity in MCI is complex and variable across studies. To date, no index of DMN connectivity qualifies as a useful biomarker of MCI or risk for AD. Refinements to MCI diagnosis, including other biological markers, or longitudinal studies of progression to AD, might identify DMN alterations predictive of AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anna K Mischel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anna Docherty
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torvik FA, Gustavson K, Ystrom E, Rosenström TH, Gillespie N, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Kendler KS. Continuity of genetic and environmental influences on clinically assessed major depression from ages 18 to 45. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2582-2590. [PMID: 30484418 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the stability of genetic risk for depression have relied on self-reported symptoms rather than diagnoses and/or short follow-up time. Our aim is to determine to what degree genetic and environmental influences on clinically assessed major depressive disorder (MDD) are stable between age 18 and 45. METHODS A population-based sample of 11 727 twins (6875 women) born between 1967 and 1991 was followed from 2006 to 2015 in health registry data from primary care that included diagnoses provided by treating physicians. Individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (n = 163) were excluded. We modelled genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD in an accelerated longitudinal design. RESULTS The best-fitting model indicated that genetic influences on MDD were completely stable from ages 18 to 45 and explained 38% of the variance. At each age, the environmental risk of MDD was determined by the risk at the preceding observation, plus new environmental risk, with an environmental correlation of +0.60 over 2 years. The model indicated no effects of shared environment and no environmental effects stable throughout the observational period. All long-term stability was therefore explained by genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS Different processes unfolded in the genetic and environmental risk for MDD. The genetic component is stable from later adolescence to middle adulthood and accounted for nearly all long-term stability. Therefore, molecular genetic studies can use age-heterogenous samples when investigating genetic risk variants of MDD. Environmental risk factors were stable over a short span of years with associations rapidly decreasing and no evidence of permanent environmental scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fartein Ask Torvik
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Rosenström
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Gillespie N, Krueger RF, Czajkowski N, Ystrom E, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. The structure of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, abnormal personality traits, and personality disorder symptoms. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1392-1399. [PMID: 30722797 PMCID: PMC6520133 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Can the structure of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality traits (NPTs), abnormal personality traits (APTs), and DSM-IV criteria for personality disorders (PD) fit a high or low congruence model positing, respectively, close or more limited etiologic continuity? METHOD Exploratory factor analysis was applied to transformed correlation matrices from Cholesky twin decompositions obtained in OpenMx. In 2801 adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel, NPTs and APTs were assessed by self-report using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and PID-5-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5-NBF), respectively. PDs were assessed at interview using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). RESULTS The best model yielded three genetic and three unique environmental factors. Genetic factors were dominated, respectively, by (i) high loadings on nearly all PDs and NPT/APT neuroticism and compulsivity, (ii) negative loadings on NPT agreeableness/conscientiousness and positive loadings on APT/PD measures of antisocial traits, and (iii) negative loadings on NPT extraversion and histrionic PD, and positive loadings on APT detachment and schizoid/avoidant PD. Unique environmental factors were dominated, by (i) high loadings on all PDs, (ii) high loadings on all APT dimensions and NPT neuroticism, and (iii) negative loadings on NPT extraversion and positive loadings on NPT detachment/avoidant PD. CONCLUSIONS Two genetic and one environmental common factor were consistent with a high congruence model while one genetic and two environmental factors were more supportive of a low congruence model. The relationship between genetic and environmental influences on personality assessed by NPTs, APTs, and PDs is complex and does not fit easily into a low or high congruence model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - T. Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vornholt E, Luo D, Qiu W, McMichael GO, Liu Y, Gillespie N, Ma C, Vladimirov VI. Postmortem brain tissue as an underutilized resource to study the molecular pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders across different ethnic populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:195-207. [PMID: 31028758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, large scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reliably identified genetic polymorphisms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the majority of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appear within functionally ambiguous non-coding genomic regions. Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on identifying the functional relevance of disease-associated variants via correlating risk polymorphisms with gene expression levels in etiologically relevant tissues. For neuropsychiatric disorders, the etiologically relevant tissue is brain, which requires robust postmortem sample sizes from varying genetic backgrounds. While small sample sizes are of decreasing concern, postmortem brain databases are composed almost exclusively of Caucasian samples, which significantly limits study design and result interpretation. In this review, we highlight the importance of gene expression and expression quantitative loci (eQTL) studies in clinically relevant postmortem tissue while addressing the current limitations of existing postmortem brain databases. Finally, we introduce future collaborations to develop postmortem brain databases for neuropsychiatric disorders from Chinese and Asian subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dan Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, China
| | - Gowon O McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, China; Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College. Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Vladimir I Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St., Biotech One, Suite 100, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Biomarker Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, 855 North Wolfe Street, Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gustavson DE, Hatton SN, Elman JA, Panizzon MS, Franz CE, Hagler DJ, Fennema-Notestine C, Eyler LT, McEvoy LK, Neale MC, Gillespie N, Dale AM, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Predominantly global genetic influences on individual white matter tract microstructure. Neuroimage 2019; 184:871-880. [PMID: 30296555 PMCID: PMC6289256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in white matter tract microstructure, measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), demonstrate substantial heritability. However, it is unclear to what extent this heritability reflects global genetic influences or tract-specific genetic influences. The goal of the current study was to quantify the proportion of genetic and environmental variance in white matter tracts attributable to global versus tract-specific influences. We assessed fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) across 11 tracts and 22 subdivisions of these tracts in 392 middle-aged male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). In principal component analyses of the 11 white matter tracts, the first component, which represents the global signal, explained 50.1% and 62.5% of the variance in FA and MD, respectively. Similarly, the first principal component of the 22 tract subdivisions explained 38.4% and 47.0% of the variance in FA and MD, respectively. Twin modeling revealed that DTI measures of all tracts and subdivisions were heritable, and that genetic influences on global FA and MD accounted for approximately half of the heritability in the tracts or tract subdivisions. Similar results were observed for the AD and RD diffusion metrics. These findings underscore the importance of controlling for DTI global signals when measuring associations between specific tracts and outcomes such as cognitive ability, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, And Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinton C, Smith M, Gillespie N, Weaver K, Heine R. Improvement in ideal antibiotic usage after implementation of a penicillin allergy testing program. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Czajkowski N, Aggen SH, Krueger RF, Kendler KS, Neale MC, Knudsen GP, Gillespie N, Røysamb E, Tambs K, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. A Twin Study of Normative Personality and DSM-IV Personality Disorder Criterion Counts: Evidence for Separate Genetic Influences. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:649-656. [PMID: 29558815 PMCID: PMC6028291 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorders have been found to be heritable. However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which the genetic and environmental influences underlying DSM personality disorders are shared with those of normative personality. The aims of this study were to assess the phenotypic similarity between normative and pathological personality and to investigate the extent to which genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in normative personality account for symptom variance across DSM-IV personality disorders. METHOD A large population-based sample of adult twins was assessed for DSM-IV personality disorder criteria with structured interviews at two waves spanning a 10-year interval. At the second assessment, participants also completed the Big Five Inventory, a self-report instrument assessing the five-factor normative personality model. The proportion of genetic and environmental liabilities unique to the individual personality disorder measures, and hence not shared with the five Big Five Inventory domains, were estimated by means of multivariate Cholesky twin decompositions. RESULTS The median percentage of genetic liability to the 10 DSM-IV personality disorders assessed at wave 1 that was not shared with the Big Five domains was 64%, whereas for the six personality disorders that were assessed concurrently at wave 2, the median was 39%. Conversely, the median proportions of unique environmental liability in the personality disorders for wave 1 and wave 2 were 97% and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a moderate-to-sizable proportion of the genetic influence underlying DSM-IV personality disorders is not shared with the domain constructs of the Big Five model of normative personality. Caution should be exercised in assuming that normative personality measures can serve as proxies for DSM personality disorders when investigating the etiology of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
| | | | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
| | - Gun Peggy Knudsen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. USA
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Torvik FA, Ystrom E, Gustavson K, Rosenström TH, Bramness JG, Gillespie N, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Diagnostic and genetic overlap of three common mental disorders in structured interviews and health registries. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:54-64. [PMID: 29072781 PMCID: PMC6322205 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether diagnostic data from structured interviews, primary care and specialist care registries on major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders (AD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) identify the same individuals, yield comparable comorbidity estimates and reflect the same genetic influences. METHODS Registry data from primary and specialist care were available for 11 727 twins and diagnostic interview data for 2271 of these. We used logistic regression analyses and biometric modelling to investigate the overlap between the data sources. RESULTS Most individuals meeting diagnostic criteria at interview were not registered with a corresponding diagnosis. The rates of registration were higher for MDD (36% in primary care and 15% in specialist care) and AD (21% and 18%) than for AUD (3% and 7%). Comorbidity estimated as odds ratios, but not as polychoric correlations, was higher in the registries than in the interviews. Genetic influences on the disorders were highly correlated across data sources (median r = 0.81), bordering unity for MDD and AD. CONCLUSION Prevalence and comorbidity estimates differ between registries and population-based assessment. Nevertheless, diagnoses from health registries reflect the same genetic influences as common mental disorders assessed in the general population, indicating generalizability of aetiological factors across data sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fartein Ask Torvik
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jørgen G. Bramness
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Torvik FA, Rosenström TH, Ystrom E, Tambs K, Røysamb E, Czajkowski N, Gillespie N, Knudsen GP, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Stability and change in etiological factors for alcohol use disorder and major depression. J Abnorm Psychol 2017; 126:812-822. [PMID: 28541064 PMCID: PMC5546937 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are often comorbid. It is not understood how genetic risk factors for these disorders relate to each other over time and to what degree they are stable. Age-dependent characteristics of the disorders indicate that different genetic factors could be relevant at different stages of life, and MDD may become increasingly correlated with AUD over time. DSM-IV diagnoses of AUD and MDD were assessed by interviews of 2,801 young adult twins between 1999 and 2004 (T1) and 2,284 of the same twins between 2010 and 2011 (T2). Stability, change, and covariation were investigated in longitudinal biometric models. New genetic factors explained 56.4% of the genetic variance in AUD at T2. For MDD, there was full overlap between genetic influences at T1 and T2. Genetic risk factors for MDD were related to AUD, but their association with AUD did not increase over time. Thus, genetic risk factors for AUD, but not MDD, vary with age, suggesting that AUD has age-dependent heritable etiologies. Molecular genetic studies of AUD may therefore benefit from stratifying by age. The new genetic factors in AUD were not related to MDD. Environmental influences on the 2 disorders were correlated in middle, but not in young adulthood. The environmental components for AUD correlated over time (r = .27), but not for MDD. Environmental influences on AUD can have long-lasting effects, and the effects of preventive efforts may be enduring. Environment influences seem to be largely transient. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Department of Aging and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | | | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatry and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Universit
| | - Gun Peggy Knudsen
- Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatry and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kremen WS, Logue MW, Panizzon M, Elman JA, Gillespie N, Hatton S, Gustavson D, Andreassen O, Dale AM, Lyons M, Neale M, Reynolds C, Franz CE. [P3–114]: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POLYGENIC RISK SCORE PREDICTS MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI) IN MIDDLE AGE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sean Hatton
- University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Gillespie N, Neale MC, Knudsen GP, Krueger RF, Czajkowski N, Ystrom E, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. The Genetic and Environmental Sources of Resemblance Between Normative Personality and Personality Disorder Traits. J Pers Disord 2017; 31:193-207. [PMID: 27322578 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2016_30_251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has suggested a high level of congruence between normative personality, most typically represented by the "big five" factors, and abnormal personality traits. In 2,293 Norwegian adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, the authors evaluated the degree of sharing of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, assessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and personality disorder traits (PDTs), assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5-NBF). For four of the five BFI dimensions, the strongest genetic correlation was observed with the expected PID-5-NBF dimension (e.g., neuroticism with negative affectivity [+], conscientiousness with disinhibition [-]). However, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness had substantial genetic correlations with other PID-5-NBF dimensions (e.g., neuroticism with compulsivity [+], agreeableness with detachment [-]). Openness had no substantial genetic correlations with any PID-5-NBF dimension. The proportion of genetic risk factors shared in aggregate between the BFI traits and the PID-5-NBF dimensions was quite high for conscientiousness and neuroticism, relatively robust for extraversion and agreeableness, but quite low for openness. Of the six PID-5-NBF dimensions, three (negative affectivity, detachment, and disinhibition) shared, in aggregate, most of their genetic risk factors with normative personality traits. Genetic factors underlying psychoticism, antagonism, and compulsivity were shared to a lesser extent, suggesting that they are influenced by etiological factors not well indexed by the BFI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - S H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - M C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - G P Knudsen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Russell TG, Gillespie N, Hartley N, Theodoros D, Hill A, Gray L. Exploring the predictors of home telehealth uptake by elderly Australian healthcare consumers. J Telemed Telecare 2015; 21:485-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1357633x15606264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the significant access and cost-saving potential of telehealth, the uptake of telehealth services in Australia has been sporadic. Understanding the factors that drive the uptake of home-telehealth services from the consumer perspective has received scant attention in the literature. Aim The aim of this study was to explore how a comprehensive set of factors may influence the intention of older Australians to adopt home telehealth services. Methods A survey of 306 Australians aged between 50 and 68 years was conducted to examine the influence of six categories of predictors on the intention of older Australians to adopt home telehealth: (a) demographics, (b) health status and usage, (c) mobility and ease of access to healthcare, (d) technology usage and anxiety with technology, (e) telehealth attitudes, and (f) personality traits. Results Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that significant predictors were: trust in telehealth (β = 0.35); the technology acceptance model (β = 0.27); healthcare habits (β = −0.20); dissatisfaction with traditional healthcare (β = 0.19) and online behaviors (β = 0.09). The model explained 63% of the variance in intention to adopt home telehealth. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind in Australia and provides valuable insight into the factors which impact consumer’s intention to adopt telehealth services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TG Russell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - N Gillespie
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
- UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - N Hartley
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
- UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - D Theodoros
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - A Hill
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - L Gray
- Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, University of Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Online Health, University of Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Andrews PW, Kendler KS, Gillespie N, Neale MC. The sensitivity of variance component estimates to underreporting: method and application to substance abuse data. Twin Res Hum Genet 2008; 10:721-8. [PMID: 17903113 DOI: 10.1375/twin.10.5.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many studies of human behavior and psychological constructs rely on subjects' willingness to disclose information about themselves. This is problematic for phenotypes that require the disclosure of sensitive information, such as sexual behavior or illicit drug use, which are likely to be underreported. We describe a method for evaluating how sensitive variance component estimates are to underreporting. The method involves estimating, by maximum likelihood, the original population proportions of the response classes, and adjusting them for a set of hypothesized underreporting parameters. If the true values of the underreporting parameters were known, the researcher could estimate the variance components based on these values. Usually, underreporting levels are not known with certainty. However, it is possible to assume a specific value for the underreporting rate, obtain response pattern proportions adjusted for this rate, and then to conduct the analyses on these revised estimates. By repeating the procedure across the range of plausible underreporting values, the researcher can assess how sensitive the variance component estimates are to variation in underreporting. We apply this method to a sample of male-male twin pairs who reported on themselves and their co-twins for illicit drug abuse and dependence (DAD). We show how underreporting influences estimates of additive genetic, common environment, and specific environment variance components (A, C, and E) obtained for DAD in a classical twin design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Andrews
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,Virginia 23298-0126, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wade TD, Gillespie N, Martin NG. A comparison of early family life events amongst monozygotic twin women with lifetime anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or major depression. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40:679-86. [PMID: 17868128 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the differential profile of early family life events associated with lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and major depression (MD). METHOD Only data from the monozygotic twins (n = 622) were examined from a community sample of female twins who had participated in three waves of data collection. Eating disorder and MD diagnoses were ascertained from the Eating Disorder Examination at Wave 3 and interview at Wave 2 respectively. Early family events were ascertained from self-report measures at Waves 1 and 3. Two case control designs were used, including a comparison of women: (1) who had lifetime AN, BN, MD, and controls, and (2) twin pairs discordant for either AN, BN, or MD (where the unaffected cotwin formed the control group). RESULTS Across the two types of designs, compared to controls, both AN and BN were associated with more comments from the family about weight and shape when growing up. AN was uniquely associated with higher levels of paternal protection while BN was associated with higher levels of parental expectations. CONCLUSION While some overlap among early life events was indicated, especially related to parental conflict and criticism, there was evidence to support some degree of nonoverlap among life events associated with AN, BN, and MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey D Wade
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kendler KS, Jacobson KC, Gardner CO, Gillespie N, Aggen SA, Prescott CA. Creating a social world: a developmental twin study of peer-group deviance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:958-65. [PMID: 17679640 PMCID: PMC4246499 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Peer-group deviance is strongly associated with externalizing behaviors. We have limited knowledge of the sources of individual differences in peer-group deviance. OBJECTIVE To clarify genetic and environmental contributions to peer-group deviance in twins from midchildhood through early adulthood. DESIGN Retrospective assessments using a life-history calendar. Analysis by biometric growth curves. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Members of male-male pairs from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry personally interviewed in 1998-2004 (n = 1802). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported peer-group deviance at ages 8 to 11, 12 to 14, 15 to 17, 18 to 21, and 22 to 25 years. RESULTS Mean and variance of peer-group deviance increased substantially with age. Genetic effects on peer-group deviance showed a strong and steady increase over time. Family environment generally declined in importance over time. Individual-specific environmental influences on peer-group deviance levels were stable in the first 3 age periods and then increased as most twins left home. When standardized, the heritability of peer-group deviance is approximately 30% at ages 8 to 11 years and rises to approximately 50% across the last 3 time periods. Both genes and shared environment contributed to individual differences in the developmental trajectory of peer-group deviance. However, while the correlation between childhood peer-group deviance levels and the subsequent slope of peer-group deviance over time resulting from genetic factors was positive, the same relationship resulting from shared environmental factors was negative. CONCLUSIONS As male twins mature and create their own social worlds, genetic factors play an increasingly important role in their choice of peers, while shared environment becomes less influential. The individual-specific environment increases in importance when individuals leave home. Individuals who have deviant peers in childhood, as a result of genetic vs shared environmental influences, have distinct developmental trajectories. Understanding the risk factors for peer-group deviance will help clarify the etiology of a range of externalizing psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical School, VA 23298-0126, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bates TC, Castles A, Coltheart M, Gillespie N, Wright M, Martin NG. Behaviour genetic analyses of reading and spelling: A component processes approach. Australian Journal of Psychology 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530410001734847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bates
- Macquarie Centre For Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Castles
- Macquarie Centre For Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Max Coltheart
- Macquarie Centre For Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margie Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shima S, Ilagan RP, Gillespie N, Sommer BJ, Hiller RG, Sharples FP, Frank HA, Birge RR. Two-Photon and Fluorescence Spectroscopy and the Effect of Environment on the Photochemical Properties of Peridinin in Solution and in the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein from Amphidinium carterae. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022648z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Shima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Robielyn P. Ilagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brandi J. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Roger G. Hiller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Frank P. Sharples
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Robert R. Birge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, and School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine what proportion of general practitioner (GP) principals in Herefordshire health authority are able to perform basic life support according to current guidelines. DESIGN prospective cohort study. SETTING Herefordshire Health Authority area. SUBJECTS 53 general practitioner (GP) principals, based in 18 surgeries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES basic life support (BLS) skills were assessed using the 1997 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines in checklist form as a process criterion. An assessments of each doctor was made before and after teaching of BLS skills. RESULTS 50% of GP principals (n=53) in Herefordshire Health Authority took part in the audit. Of these 90.6% (48) were unable to perform BLS according to current guidelines on initial appraisal. After a practical teaching session 98% were competent in BLS skills. CONCLUSION without regular teaching, BLS skills amongst GPs are likely to fall below an acceptable standard. Even short teaching periods can produce significant improvement in skills.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gillespie N, McMurdo ME. Revisiting established traditions. New horizons for geriatric medicine in the 21st century. Scott Med J 2000; 44:170-2. [PMID: 10703089 DOI: 10.1177/003693309904400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Gillespie
- Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatoform disorders such as neurasthenia and chronic fatigue are characterized by a combination of prolonged fatigue and disabling neuropsychological and neuromuscular symptoms. However, the debate concerning the theoretical underpinnings of somatic disorders resembles the perennial dispute over the taxonomy of anxiety and depression. The objective of this study is to analyse the dimensional structure of items measuring anxiety, depression, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and insomnia. It is anticipated that somatic distress should emerge as empirically distinct from measures of anxiety and depression, thereby lending support to proponents of the construct as independent of both anxiety and depression symptomatology. METHODS A 33-item self-report symptom inventory derived from the SCL-90 and DSSI/sAD scales was used to measure recently experienced psychiatric distress in the form of depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and insomnia. SCL and DSSI/sAD items were measured on a four-point distress scale from 1 'not-at-all' to 4 'unbearably'. The inventory was administered to a community-based sample of 3468 Australian twins between the ages of 18 and 28. RESULTS Factor analysis using Polychoric correlations and a Promax rotation criterion produced four factors: depression, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION Results from the current factor analysis, together with the documented prevalence of somatic disorders, including evidence regarding the genetic and biological independence of somatic symptomatology, lend support to the argument that somatic symptoms, although correlated, are independent of anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gillespie
- Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Tissue glues are in widespread use in Accident & Emergency departments, and are simple to use. Results of closure of uncomplicated wounds using glue are comparable to traditional methods such as suture, 'sterile strips'. There are certain times in the field situation where evacuation of a casualty with a simple laceration could be impossible. These circumstances could be suitable for an individual suitably trained to effect wound closure using a tissue glue. This study simply set out to establish whether it was possible to train an infantry soldier how and when to close a wound using a tissue glue. A short period of instruction was followed by a practical session using wound simulators. It was found that the theoretical concepts and practical skills required to successfully glue a simulated wound were readily acquired by infantry soldiers, irrespective of their previous level of first aid training. The authors suggest that this concept should be pursued with the aim of field trials of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives being carried out.
Collapse
|
30
|
Spence C, Nicholls ME, Gillespie N, Driver J. Cross-modal links in exogenous covert spatial orienting between touch, audition, and vision. Percept Psychophys 1998; 60:544-57. [PMID: 9628989 DOI: 10.3758/bf03206045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three experiments investigated cross-modal links between touch, audition, and vision in the control of covert exogenous orienting. In the first two experiments, participants made speeded discrimination responses (continuous vs. pulsed) for tactile targets presented randomly to the index finger of either hand. Targets were preceded at a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (150, 200, or 300 msec) by a spatially uninformative cue that was either auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2) on the same or opposite side as the tactile target. Tactile discriminations were more rapid and accurate when cue and target occurred on the same side, revealing cross-modal covert orienting. In Experiment 3, spatially uninformative tactile cues were presented prior to randomly intermingled auditory and visual targets requiring an elevation discrimination response (up vs. down). Responses were significantly faster for targets in both modalities when presented ipsilateral to the tactile cue. These findings demonstrate that the peripheral presentation of spatially uninformative auditory and visual cues produces cross-modal orienting that affects touch, and that tactile cues can also produce cross-modal covert orienting that affects audition and vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Spence
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, England.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gillespie N, Pringle S, Struthers A. Sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are used. BMJ 1998; 316:69. [PMID: 9451280 PMCID: PMC2665311 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7124.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Darbar D, Gillespie N, Choy AM, Lang CC, Pringle SD, Pringle TH, Kerins DM, McNeill GP, Struthers AD. Diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: the Dundee algorithm. QJM 1997; 90:677-83. [PMID: 9474348 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/90.11.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale trials of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that the benefits are greatest in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, early evaluation of LV function in all patients after AMI by current methods can be difficult due to a lack of resources and skilled personnel. Thus a clinical algorithm that could be used at the bedside to reliably identify patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or = 40% would be helpful as an occasional alternative to echocardiography. We have devised such an algorithm based on the presence of one of: (i) clinical signs of heart failure; (ii) an index Q-wave anterior myocardial infarction; (iii) lack of thrombolytic therapy when there is a history of two or more previous myocardial infarctions and a CK rise > 1000 U/l. We tested this new algorithm prospectively in the coronary care units of two hospitals (one UK and one USA). In the UK centre, the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm at identifying patients with a LVEF < or = 40% were 82% and 72%, respectively. In the US centre, the sensitivity of the algorithm was 91% and the specificity 78% at identifying patients with LV dysfunction. We have validated a simple clinical algorithm which can be used at the bedside for identifying patients who would benefit from an ACE inhibitor after AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Darbar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gillespie N, McMurdo M, Ghosh U, Hewitt P, Lien C, Struthers A, Pringle S. The Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function by Portable Echocardiography at the Day Hospital. Age Ageing 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/26.suppl_1.p21-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Darbar D, Gillespie N, Byrd BF. Can qualitative echocardiography be used to select patients for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors following acute myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1996; 17:1783-6. [PMID: 8960416 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Darbar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Darbar D, Gillespie N, Main G, Bridges AB, Kennedy NS, Pringle TH, McNeill GP. Prediction of late cardiac events by dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy in patients with intermittent claudication and occult coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78:736-40. [PMID: 8857474 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant coronary artery disease often occurs in patients with peripheral vascular disease, but it may be asymptomatic. Despite being asymptomatic, cardiovascular events are the main source of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. Dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy has been shown to be of prognostic value in patients with peripheral vascular disease and symptomatic coronary artery disease, but its effect on the long-term outcome in the asymptomatic group of patients is less defined. Eighty-four consecutive patients with peripheral vascular disease and no symptoms of coronary artery disease were therefore evaluated by clinical assessment, dipyridamole thallium imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, and cardiac catheterization and followed for a mean of 66 months. Abnormal perfusion patterns were found on thallium scintigraphy in 48 patients (57%); fixed, mixed, and reversible defects were present in 14 (17%), 11 (13%), and 23 (27%) patients, respectively. Significant coronary artery disease was present in 52 patients (69%) and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 44%. During the follow-up period, 23 patients had a cardiac event (nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death). Univariate analysis of 15 clinical, scintigraphic, radionuclide, and angiographic variables revealed that age, angiographic extent of coronary artery disease, and an abnormal thallium scan were significant predictors of subsequent cardiac events. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses selected fixed and mixed thallium defects and diffuse coronary artery disease as the only significant independent predictors of outcome. Thus, the present study shows the value of dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy as a valuable prognostic indicator for long-term event-free survival in a cohort of patients with peripheral vascular disease and no history or symptoms of coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Darbar
- Department of Cardiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Darbar D, Davidson NC, Gillespie N, Choy AM, Lang CC, Shyr Y, McNeill GP, Pringle TH, Struthers AD. Diagnostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78:284-7. [PMID: 8759805 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although elevations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations have been shown to have prognostic significance in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the relation between plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiovascular mortality remains unknown. To test the prognostic value of plasma ANP and BNP after AMI, plasma concentrations were measured a mean of 3 days after infarction in 75 patients. During a median follow-up of 19.7 months, 14 patients (18.4%) died of cardiovascular causes. On univariate analysis, plasma ANP and BNP, Killip class, modified Peel index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and presence of left ventricular failure were all associated with cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, plasma ANP was the only variable that correlated with the development of symptomatic heart failure and hospitalization. For the combined end point of cardiovascular mortality, symptomatic heart failure, and hospitalization, plasma neurohormones were the only variables of predictive value. By stepwise regression analysis, plasma BNP was the only significant independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.001), whereas plasma ANP identified patients at risk of symptomatic heart failure and hospitalization (p = 0.002 and 0.019, respectively). This study indicates that plasma BNP measured after AMI is a powerful neurohormonal predictor of subsequent cardiovascular mortality, whereas plasma ANP correlates better with the development of symptomatic heart failure and hospitalization. Routine measurement of both of these peptides in the period immediately after an AMI may provide a simple means of risk stratification with different information gained from each peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Darbar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Darbar D, Gillespie N. Preoperative assessment of patients with coronary disease. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1064; author reply 1064-5. [PMID: 8598860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
38
|
Gillespie N, Darbar D. Infarcts after surgery. Symptoms of coronary artery disease predict risks of surgery. BMJ 1995; 311:628-9. [PMID: 7663266 PMCID: PMC2550676 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7005.628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
39
|
Malchoff CD, Huang L, Gillespie N, Palasi CV, Schwartz CF, Cheng K, Hewlett EL, Larner J. A putative mediator of insulin action which inhibits adenylate cyclase and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase: partial purification from rat liver: site and kinetic mechanism of action. Endocrinology 1987; 120:1327-37. [PMID: 3030696 DOI: 10.1210/endo-120-4-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel putative mediator of insulin action which acts to inhibit adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been purified from livers of insulin-treated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. It was increased by short term (5-min) insulin injections in vivo and purified several thousand-fold by Sephadex and HPLC. Its mol wt was somewhat larger (2500) than previous mediators identified, and it was more hydrophobic in character. Its mechanism of action or adenylate cyclase was determined and found to be chiefly directed against the catalytic subunit. Its action on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase was found to be competitive with regard to protein substrate, but noncompetitive with regard to ATP and cAMP. Its relationship to other putative insulin mediators and the mechanism of insulin action is discussed.
Collapse
|