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Carr C, King LM, Maizel J, Scaglione NM, Stetten NE, Varnes JR, Tomko C. Strategies and Interventions Used to Prevent Violence Against Sex Workers in the United States: A Scoping Review Using the Social-Ecological Model. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023:15248380231214786. [PMID: 38054440 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231214786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural factors in the United States, such as criminalization, contribute to disproportionate rates of violence against sex workers and subsequent risk of adverse health outcomes. There is a clear need for systemic interventions and risk reduction strategies to reduce violence in this population. To inform next steps in prevention, this scoping review provides an overview of the literature on violence prevention efforts targeting sex workers in the United States, mapped out according to the social-ecological model (SEM). A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature across five databases with no limit on publication date yielded 2,372 documents. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they focused on the U.S. population of sex workers and had a clearly defined aim or purpose of exploring, describing, or evaluating sex work violence prevention interventions or risk reduction strategies. Twelve studies met all eligibility criteria and were selected. Only two of the studies evaluated sexual violence prevention interventions, while the remaining 10 explored strategies sex workers use to minimize the risk of violence. Most research focused on female sex workers, violence from paying clients, and prevention at the individual level of the SEM. Our findings suggest a need for additional violence prevention interventions tailored for diverse groups of sex workers and cognizant of the overlapping forms of violence they face. This scoping review contributes to the limited body of research on the prevention of violence against sex workers in the United States by providing future directions for research and program development that span across the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Carr
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Maizel
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Classen S, Wandenkolk IC, Mason J, Stetten NE, Yarney A, Winter S. Simulated Driving Errors: Indicators of Real-World Driving Events in Returning Combat Veterans. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2023; 43:616-625. [PMID: 36408831 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221136072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle crashes is a leading cause of death for Veterans. We quantified the efficacy of an Occupational Therapy Driving Intervention (OT-DI) and a Traffic Safety Education (TSE) intervention on real-world driving in combat Veterans. Via a randomized trial, we assessed 42 Veterans' fitness-to-drive abilities using a CDS-250 driving simulator and driving records, to determine differences in simulated driving and real-world events pre- and post-interventions. The OT-DI group (vs. TSE) had fewer over-speeding errors (p < .001) and total number of driving errors (p = .002) post-intervention. At Post-Test 2, the OT-DI (vs. TSE) had a reduction in real-world speeding (p = .05). While statistically not significant, both interventions showed reductions in real-world speeding, number of violations (OT-DI: 23% and TSE: 46% decrease) and crashes (OT-DI: 25% and TSE: 50% decrease). Veterans showed early evidence of efficacy in improving their real-world fitness-to-drive abilities via an OT-DI and TSE intervention.
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Collins SL, Mueller S, Wood EA, Stetten NE. Transforming Perspectives Through Virtual Exchange: A US-Egypt Partnership Part 2. Front Public Health 2022; 10:880638. [PMID: 35677760 PMCID: PMC9168535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.880638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborative online international learning programs, such as virtual exchange, that utilize telecollaborative activities have been integrated into more classrooms within the higher education setting. These programs provide students exposure to international cultures, perspectives, and ideas is no longer considered "value added", but a prerequisite to entering many workforces. These programmatic objectives compliment Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory, that substantiates two major elements of transformative learning are critical reflection and dialectical discourse. This study presents the second half of a qualitative inquiry into the prominent themes that arose during a virtual exchange that was conducted in March 2021 between students in the United States (US) enrolled in a global public health course and Egyptian microbiology students. This study sought to expand upon the Transformative Learning Theory through inductive analysis procedures to offer a modernized adaptation of the theoretical framework within international learning environments. Student responses enrolled in an undergraduate global public health course were collected and analyzed by two coders using inductive/open coding to identify salient codes. These codes were then summarized into categories and subsequently defined. Resulting themes include Connectedness, Openness, Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills, Communication, Cultural Identity, Anticipation of Options for New Roles, Relationships, and Actions, and Absence of Change. Several themes have corresponding categories and subcategories. Adult learning environments such as the modern college classroom have changed with the introduction and reliance upon online learning domains, as well as the diversification of higher education student demographics, accentuating the need to inductively analyze student learning processes and outcomes. In doing so, our findings provide a modernized adaptation of the Transformative Learning Theory that allows for adult learning theorists, researchers, and scholars to integrate tenets of transformative learning more appropriately. As such, this provides an opportunity for educators to coalesce the identified mechanisms (e.g., openness, cultural background, anticipation of roles and relationships) to bolster student's willingness and ability to engage in transformative critical reflections. By capitalizing on students' innate characteristics, such as open-mindedness predispositions and cultural background, educators are able to augment transformative learning strategies through tailored assignments and course activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Collins
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Savanah Mueller
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Wood
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nichole E Stetten
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Sajdeya R, Wijayabahu AT, Stetten NE, Sajdeya O, Dasa O. What's Up Your Sleeve? A Scoping Review of White Coat Contamination and Horizontal Microbial Transmission. South Med J 2022; 115:360-365. [PMID: 35649520 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White coats have been suggested to serve as fomites carrying and transmitting pathogenic organisms and potentially increasing the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We aimed to examine the current evidence regarding white coat contamination and its role in horizontal transmission and HAIs risk. We also examined handling practices and policies associated with white coat contamination in the reviewed literature. METHODS We conducted a literature search through PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection/Cited Reference Search, and manually searched the bibliographies of the articles identified in electronic searches. Studies published up to March 3, 2021 that were accessible in English-language full-text format were included. RESULTS Among 18 included studies, 15 (83%) had ≥100 participants, 16 (89%) were cross-sectional studies, and 13 (72%) originated outside of the United States. All of the studies showed evidence of microbial colonization. Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was reported in 100% and 44% of the studies, respectively. Antibacterial-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant organisms were reported in 8 (44%) studies. There was a lack of studies assessing the link between white coat contamination and HAIs. The data regarding white coat handling and laundering practices showed inconsistencies between healthcare facilities and a lack of clear policies. CONCLUSIONS There is robust evidence that white coats serve as fomites, carrying dangerous pathogens, including multidrug-resistant organisms. A knowledge gap exists, however, regarding the role of contaminated white coats in HAI risk that warrants further research to generate the evidence necessary to guide the current attire policies for healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Sajdeya
- From the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Centre, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Akemi T Wijayabahu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Centre, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Nichole E Stetten
- From the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Centre, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Omar Sajdeya
- From the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Centre, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Osama Dasa
- From the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Centre, Toledo, Ohio
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Wood EA, Collins SL, Mueller S, Stetten NE, El-Shokry M. Transforming Perspectives Through Virtual Exchange: A US-Egypt Partnership Part 1. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877547. [PMID: 35655459 PMCID: PMC9152246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With more classrooms within higher education mobilizing strategies for internationalization, collaborative online international learning (COIL), also referred to as virtual exchange, is an effective approach at offering intercultural competence through experiential learning. This strategy provides students who face barriers to international travel the opportunity to engage with students from other countries in meaningful ways, while enhancing and reinforcing course content. Grounded in the transformative learning theory, this study evaluates the effectiveness of a virtual exchange that was implemented within an undergraduate global public health course. The virtual exchange connected students from the University of Florida (within the US) with medical students in a microbiology course at Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Using adapted reflection prompts, we assessed the students' knowledge and learning before, during, and after the virtual exchange. This was coupled with a final paper to capture how personal backgrounds and experiences may contribute to their perception of the virtual exchange, as well as if they felt their global perspective had changed or shifted during the experience. Using directed content analysis for each of the measurements, two researchers coded the data independently to then present agreed upon salient themes to the larger group. Of the 28 randomly sampled students who participated in the virtual exchange, seven major themes emerged from the data: Connectedness; Openness; Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills; Communication; Cultural Identity; Anticipation of Options for New Roles, Relationships, and Actions; and Absence of Change. Through this evaluation it was clear there was a variance of different perspectives with many sampled students having diverse lived experiences that influenced their worldview prior to the virtual exchange. Despite course-related barriers, students acknowledged several facilitating factors that improved their intercultural competence and knowledge of course content. The integration of a virtual exchange within the classroom, with careful design and implementation, can provide a unique experience for students and an inclusive approach to learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Wood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah L. Collins
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Savanah Mueller
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nichole E. Stetten
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mona El-Shokry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Williams RS, Stetten NE, Cook C, Cook R, Ezenwa MO, Lucero R. The Meaning and Perceptions of HIV-Related Stigma in African American Women Living With HIV in Rural Florida: A Qualitative Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:118-131. [PMID: 33782240 PMCID: PMC9744244 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT African Americans are disproportionally affected by HIV/AIDS compared with other races/ethnicities, yet few studies have examined the cultural and/or attitudinal precursors that can make African American women vulnerable to HIV-related stigma in the rural South. This study qualitatively explored the meaning and perceptions of HIV-related stigma among African American women in Florida. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted using an empirical phenomenological approach. Five observer perspectives and 26 participant perspectives emerged. Participants described stigma through self-conceptualizations (e.g., ignorance), experiences (e.g., judgments), psychological dysfunction (e.g., mental health), intersectionality (e.g., race, disability), and overcoming stigma (e.g., advocacy). Our findings reveal that HIV-related stigma is unpleasant for African American women. However, over time, women in this study developed strategies to combat stigma. Elements of stigma reduction described in this study may be an important starting point for designing a culturally targeted intervention for African American women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renessa S. Williams
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nichole E. Stetten
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christa Cook
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Cook
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miriam O. Ezenwa
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Lucero
- Renessa S. Williams, PhD, RN, is a Postdoctoral Associate, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Nichole E. Stetten, PhD, MPH, CPH, is a Research Assistant Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Christa Cook, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. Robert Cook, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Miriam O. Ezenwa, PhD, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Robert Lucero, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wang Y, Ibañez GE, Vaddiparti K, Stetten NE, Sajdeya R, Porges EC, Cohen RA, Cook RL. Change in marijuana use and its associated factors among persons living with HIV (PLWH) during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a prospective cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108770. [PMID: 34049094 PMCID: PMC8919767 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging literature shows increased drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research has examined the change in marijuana use among persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate how marijuana use changed in a cohort of PLWH during the first year of the pandemic and identify factors associated with the change. METHOD 222 PLWH (mean age = 50.2 ± 11.2, 50.9 % female, 14.5 % Hispanic, 64.7 % Black, 15.8 % White, 5 % other, 80.2 % persons using marijuana [at least weekly use], 19.8 % persons not using marijuana) completed a baseline survey on demographics and behavioral/health characteristics between 2018 and 2020 and a brief phone survey between May and October 2020 that assessed changes in marijuana use and overall/mental health, and perceived risks/benefits of marijuana use during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS During the pandemic, 64/222(28.8 %) of the whole sample reported increased marijuana use, 36(16.2 %) reported decreased use, and 122(55 %) reported no change. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that: Compared to those reporting no change, increased marijuana use during the pandemic was associated with more frequent marijuana use and PTSD symptoms at baseline, worsened mental health during the pandemic, and not perceiving marijuana use as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. More frequent marijuana use at baseline was the only factor significantly associated with decreased marijuana use during the pandemic. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in marijuana use among a considerable proportion (45 %) of PLWH. Future research is needed to understand the temporality of the increases in marijuana use with worsening mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Florida, United States.
| | - Gladys E Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, United States
| | | | - Nichole E Stetten
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Florida, United States
| | - Ruba Sajdeya
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Florida, United States
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The University of Florida, United States
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The University of Florida, United States
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Florida, United States
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Jugl S, Okpeku A, Costales B, Morris EJ, Alipour-Haris G, Hincapie-Castillo JM, Stetten NE, Sajdeya R, Keshwani S, Joseph V, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Adkins L, Winterstein AG, Goodin A. A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2021; 4:21-42. [PMID: 34676348 PMCID: PMC8525213 DOI: 10.1159/000515069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report comprehensively evaluated the body of evidence regarding cannabis health effects through the year 2016. The objectives of this study are to identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews, published following the NASEM report. Following the literature search from 5 databases and consultation with experts, 11 conditions were identified for evidence compilation and evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, cancer, chronic noncancer pain, Crohn's disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder. A total of 198 studies were included after screening for condition-specific relevance and after imposing the following exclusion criteria: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome definition, intervention definition, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Few completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Studies classified as systematic reviews were graded using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 tool to evaluate the quality of evidence. Few high-quality systematic reviews were available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS (9 of 9 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 2/9 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence for 7/9 indicating cannabis inconclusive), epilepsy (3 of 4 graded moderate/high quality; 3 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; 1 indicating cannabis inconclusive), and chronic noncancer pain (12 of 13 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 7/13 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence from 6/7 indicating cannabis inconclusive). Among RCTs, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic noncancer pain). The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions, and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jugl
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aimalohi Okpeku
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brianna Costales
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Earl J. Morris
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Golnoosh Alipour-Haris
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Juan M. Hincapie-Castillo
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ruba Sajdeya
- Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shailina Keshwani
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Verlin Joseph
- Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yun Shen
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren Adkins
- Health Sciences Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Almut G. Winterstein
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amie Goodin
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Sajdeya R, Joseph V, Stetten NE, Ibañez GE, Wang Y, Powell L, Somboonwit C, Corsi KF, Cook RL. Reasons for Marijuana Use and Its Perceived Effectiveness in Therapeutic and Recreational Marijuana Users Among People Living with HIV in Florida. Cannabis 2021; 4:40-52. [PMID: 37287994 PMCID: PMC10212235 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic and recreational marijuana use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the distinction between perceived "therapeutic" and "recreational" use is blurred, with little information about the specific reasons for use and perceived marijuana effectiveness in adults with chronic conditions. We aimed to compare reasons for use and reason-specific perceived marijuana effectiveness between therapeutic and recreational users among PLWH. In 2018-2019, 213 PLWH currently using marijuana (mean age 48 years, 59% male, 69% African American) completed a questionnaire assessing their specific reasons for using marijuana, including the "main reason." Participants were categorized into one of three motivation groups: therapeutic, recreational, or both equally. For each specific reason, participants rated marijuana effectiveness as 0-10, with 10 being the most effective. The mean effectiveness scores were compared across the three motivation groups via ANOVA, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The most frequent main reasons for marijuana use in the therapeutic (n=63, 37%), recreational (n=48, 28%), and both equally (n=59, 35%) categories were "Pain" (21%), "To get high" (32%), and "To relax" (20%), respectively. Compared to recreational users, therapeutic and both equally users provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "Pain," and "To reduce anger." The "Both equally" group also provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "To feel better in general," "To get high," and "To relax" compared to the other two categories. There is a significant overlap in self-reported reasons for marijuana use in primarily therapeutic or recreational users. Perceived marijuana effectiveness was lowest among recreational users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Sajdeya
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Verlin Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nichole E. Stetten
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gladys E. Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Powell
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charurut Somboonwit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karen F. Corsi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Rich SN, Richards VL, Mavian CN, Switzer WM, Rife Magalis B, Poschman K, Geary S, Broadway SE, Bennett SB, Blanton J, Leitner T, Boatwright JL, Stetten NE, Cook RL, Spencer EC, Salemi M, Prosperi M. Employing Molecular Phylodynamic Methods to Identify and Forecast HIV Transmission Clusters in Public Health Settings: A Qualitative Study. Viruses 2020; 12:E921. [PMID: 32842636 PMCID: PMC7551766 DOI: 10.3390/v12090921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular HIV surveillance is a promising public health strategy for curbing the HIV epidemic. Clustering technologies used by health departments to date are limited in their ability to infer/forecast cluster growth trajectories. Resolution of the spatiotemporal dynamics of clusters, through phylodynamic and phylogeographic modelling, is one potential strategy to develop a forecasting tool; however, the projected utility of this approach needs assessment. Prior to incorporating novel phylodynamic-based molecular surveillance tools, we sought to identify possible issues related to their feasibility, acceptability, interpretation, and utility. Qualitative data were collected via focus groups among field experts (n = 17, 52.9% female) using semi-structured, open-ended questions. Data were coded using an iterative process, first through the development of provisional themes and subthemes, followed by independent line-by-line coding by two coders. Most participants routinely used molecular methods for HIV surveillance. All agreed that linking molecular sequences to epidemiological data is important for improving HIV surveillance. We found that, in addition to methodological challenges, a variety of implementation barriers are expected in relation to the uptake of phylodynamic methods for HIV surveillance. The participants identified several opportunities to enhance current methods, as well as increase the usability and utility of promising works-in-progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannan N. Rich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (V.L.R.); (N.E.S.); (R.L.C.); (M.P.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Veronica L. Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (V.L.R.); (N.E.S.); (R.L.C.); (M.P.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Carla N. Mavian
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William M. Switzer
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Brittany Rife Magalis
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karalee Poschman
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.M.S.); (K.P.)
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA; (S.E.B.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Shana Geary
- Division of Public Health, Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA;
| | - Steven E. Broadway
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA; (S.E.B.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Spencer B. Bennett
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, FL 32202, USA; (S.B.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jason Blanton
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, FL 32202, USA; (S.B.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Thomas Leitner
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - J. Lucas Boatwright
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nichole E. Stetten
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (V.L.R.); (N.E.S.); (R.L.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (V.L.R.); (N.E.S.); (R.L.C.); (M.P.)
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Emma C. Spencer
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA; (S.E.B.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Marco Salemi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.N.M.); (B.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (V.L.R.); (N.E.S.); (R.L.C.); (M.P.)
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11
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Canidate SS, Cook CL, Varma D, Carnaby GD, Ennis N, Stetten NE, Cook RL. Recruitment, experience, and retention among women with HIV and hazardous drinking participating in a clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1169. [PMID: 32718308 PMCID: PMC7385856 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite efforts by the NIH to enhance the participation of women and minorities in clinical research, women with HIV continue to remain underrepresented in alcohol intervention research. The purpose of this study is to better understand the reasons why women with HIV and hazardous drinking participated in the WHAT-IF? study and to discuss their experience (positive or negative) in the study. The WHAT-IF? study was a randomized clinical trial that evaluated pharmacotherapy for a reduction in drinking among women with HIV. METHODS Convenience and theoretical sampling were used to recruit women with HIV and hazardous drinking to complete qualitative interviews. These women had previously completed a clinical alcohol intervention trial and had consented to be contacted in the future for study-related purposes. The biopsychosocial model was used to frame the interview questions that assessed multiple determinants of drinking behavior and helped explain linkages to broader health constructs. RESULTS A total of 20 women with HIV and hazardous drinking completed the qualitative interview. Several factors were identified by the women as influential in their decision to participate in the WHAT-IF? study, such as the ability to quit or reduce their drinking to nonhazardous levels (biological), the ability to gain knowledge or a greater understanding of the negative effects of hazardous drinking on HIV disease progression (psychological), and peer pressure and monetary compensation (social). Also, the women identified factors (positive or negative) associated with their clinical trial experience, such as the effects of the study medication on the woman's body (biological), thoughts and feelings toward study procedures (i.e. medication, lab work, study assessments) and the length of the study (psychological), and the interactions with the WHAT-IF? study staff (social). CONCLUSION Recruiting and retaining women with HIV in alcohol intervention research remains a challenge. Findings from this study suggest that women with HIV who are hazardous drinkers may benefit from participating in research studies that could help them to reduce or quit their drinking, increase their knowledge about specific behavior changes, and earn monetary compensation. Also, positive staff interactions may be instrumental in retaining minority women in alcohol intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantrel S Canidate
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, 2004 Mowry Road PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Christa L Cook
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Deepthi Varma
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, 2004 Mowry Road PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Giselle D Carnaby
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Nicole Ennis
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Nichole E Stetten
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, 2004 Mowry Road PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions, 2004 Mowry Road PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0182, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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12
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Stetten NE, LeBeau K, Aguirre MA, Vogt AB, Quintana JR, Jennings AR, Hart M. Analyzing the Communication Interchange of Individuals With Disabilities Utilizing Facebook, Discussion Forums, and Chat Rooms: Qualitative Content Analysis of Online Disabilities Support Groups. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 6:e12667. [PMID: 31573937 PMCID: PMC6792025 DOI: 10.2196/12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the United States are currently living with a form of disability. Although the Americans with Disabilities Act has published guidelines to help make developing technology and social networking sites (SNS) more accessible and user-friendly to people with a range of disabilities, persons with disabilities, on average, have less access to the internet than the general population. The quality, content, and medium vary from site to site and have been greatly understudied. Due to this, it is still unclear how persons with disabilities utilize various platforms of online communication for support. Objective The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore and compare the interactions and connections among online support groups across Facebook, discussion forums, and chat rooms to better understand how persons with disabilities were utilizing different SNS to facilitate communication interchange, disseminate information, and foster community support. Methods Facebook groups, discussion forums, and chat rooms were chosen based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Data collected included content posted on Facebook groups, forums, and chat rooms as well as the interactions among group members. Data were analyzed qualitatively using the constant comparative method. Results A total of 133 Facebook posts, 116 forum posts, and 60 hours of chat room discussions were collected and analyzed. In addition, 4 themes were identified for Facebook posts, 3 for discussion forums, and 3 for chat rooms. Persons with disabilities utilized discussion forums and chat rooms in similar ways, but their interactions on Facebook differed in comparison. They seem to interact on a platform based on the specific functions it offers. Conclusions Interactions on each of the platforms displayed elements of the 4 types of social support, indicating the ability for social support to be facilitated among SNS; however, the type of social support varied by platform. Findings demonstrate that online support platforms serve specific purposes that may not be interchangeable. Through participation on different platforms, persons with disabilities are able to provide and receive social support in various ways, without the barriers and constraints often experienced by this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole E Stetten
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelsea LeBeau
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maria A Aguirre
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexis B Vogt
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jazmine R Quintana
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexis R Jennings
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark Hart
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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13
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Hart M, Stetten NE, Islam S, Pizarro K. Twitter and Public Health (Part 1): How Individual Public Health Professionals Use Twitter for Professional Development. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e60. [PMID: 28931499 PMCID: PMC5628283 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of social networking sites is increasingly being adopted in public health, in part, because of the barriers to funding and reduced resources. Public health professionals are using social media platforms, specifically Twitter, as a way to facilitate professional development. Objective The objective of this study was to identify public health professionals using Twitter and to analyze how they use this platform to enhance their formal and informal professional development within the context of public health. Methods Keyword searches were conducted to identify and invite potential participants to complete a survey related to their use of Twitter for public health and professional experiences. Data regarding demographic attributes, Twitter usage, and qualitative information were obtained through an anonymous Web-based survey. Open-response survey questions were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results “Using Twitter makes it easier to expand my networking opportunities” and “I find Twitter useful for professional development” scored highest, with a mean score of 4.57 (standard deviation [SD] 0.74) and 4.43 (SD 0.76) on a 5-point Likert scale. Analysis of the qualitative data shows the emergence of the following themes for why public health professionals mostly use Twitter: (1) geography, (2) continuing education, (3) professional gain, and (4) communication. Conclusions For public health professionals in this study, Twitter is a platform best used for their networking and professional development. Furthermore, the use of Twitter allows public health professionals to overcome a series of barriers and enhances opportunities for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hart
- Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nichole E Stetten
- Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sabrina Islam
- Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katherine Pizarro
- Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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