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Klein N, Sander PM, Liu J, Druckenmiller P, Metz ET, Kelley NP, Scheyer TM. Comparative bone histology of two thalattosaurians (Diapsida: Thalattosauria): Askeptosaurus italicus from the Alpine Triassic (Middle Triassic) and a Thalattosauroidea indet. from the Carnian of Oregon (Late Triassic). Swiss J Palaeontol 2023; 142:15. [PMID: 37601161 PMCID: PMC10432342 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the first bone histological and microanatomical study of thalattosaurians, an enigmatic group among Triassic marine reptiles. Two taxa of thalattosaurians, the askeptosauroid Askeptosaurus italicus and one as yet undescribed thalattosauroid, are examined. Both taxa have a rather different microanatomy, tissue type, and growth pattern. Askeptosaurus italicus from the late Anisian middle Besano Formation of the southern Alpine Triassic shows very compact tissue in vertebrae, rib, a gastralium, and femora, and all bones are without medullary cavities. The tissue shows moderate to low vascularization, dominated by highly organized and very coarse parallel-fibred bone, resembling interwoven tissue. Vascularization is dominated by simple longitudinal vascular canals, except for the larger femur of Askeptosaurus, where simple vascular canals dominate in a radial arrangement. Growth marks stratify the cortex of femora. The vertebrae and humeri from the undescribed thalattosauroid from the late Carnian of Oregon have primary and secondary cancellous bone, resulting in an overall low bone compactness. Two dorsal vertebral centra show dominantly secondary trabeculae, whereas a caudal vertebral centrum shows much primary trabecular bone, globuli ossei, and cartilage, indicating an earlier ontogenetic stage of the specimens or paedomorphosis. The humeri of the thalattosauroid show large, simple vascular canals that are dominantly radially oriented in a scaffold of woven and loosely organized parallel-fibred tissue. Few of the simple vascular canals are thinly but only incompletely lined by parallel-fibered tissue. In the Oregon material, changes in growth rate are only indicated by changes in vascular organization but no distinct growth marks were identified. The compact bone of Askeptosaurus is best comparable to some pachypleurosaurs, whereas its combination of tissue and vascularity is similar to eosauropterygians in general, except for the coarse nature of its parallel-fibred tissue. The cancellous bone of the Oregon thalattosauroid resembles what is documented in ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. However, in contrast to these its tissue does not consist of fibro-lamellar bone type. Tissue types of both thalattosaurian taxa indicate rather different growth rates and growth patterns, associated with different life history strategies. The microanatomy reflects different life styles that fit to the different environments in which they had been found (intraplatform basin vs. open marine). Both thalattosaurian taxa differ from each other but in sum also from all other marine reptile taxa studied so far. Thalattosaurian bone histology documents once more that bone histology provides for certain groups (i.e., Triassic Diapsida) only a poor phylogenetic signal and is more influenced by exogenous factors. Differences in lifestyle, life history traits, and growth rate and pattern enabled all these Triassic marine reptiles to live contemporaneously in the same habitat managing to avoid substantial competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Klein
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - P. M. Sander
- Department of Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - J. Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - P. Druckenmiller
- University of Alaska Museum, 1962 Yukon Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
- Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1930 Yukon Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - E. T. Metz
- Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University, 600 W Kagy Blvd., Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - N. P. Kelley
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - T. M. Scheyer
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Klein N, Sarpong N, Melzer T, Feuerstein D, Heyer CME, Camarinha-Silva A, Rodehutscord M. Effect of dietary calcium concentration and exogenous phytase on inositol phosphate degradation, mineral digestibility, and gut microbiota in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad254. [PMID: 37526942 PMCID: PMC10464513 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the dietary Ca concentration may affect inositol phosphate (InsP) degradation, and thereby, P digestibility in pigs. This study assessed the effects of dietary Ca concentration and exogenous phytase on InsP degradation, nutrient digestion and retention, blood metabolites, and microbiota composition in growing pigs with ileal cannulation. In a completely randomized row-column design with four periods, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight 27 kg) were fed four corn-soybean- and rapeseed meal-based diets containing 5.5 or 8.5 g Ca/kg dry matter (DM), with or without 1,500 FTU of an exogenous hybrid-6-phytase/kg diet. No mineral P was added and the P concentration in the feed was 4.8 g P/kg DM. Prececal InsP6 disappearance in pigs fed diets containing exogenous phytase was lower (P = 0.022) with additional Ca than without. Concentrations of InsP2-4 isomers and myo-inositol in the distal ileal digesta and prececal P digestibility were greater (P < 0.001) with exogenous phytase than without exogenous phytase. In feces, InsP6 disappearance was lower (P < 0.002) and concentration of InsP5 and InsP4 isomers was higher (P ≤ 0.031) with additional Ca compared to without additional Ca. The prececal amino acid digestibility, energy digestibility, and hindgut disappearance of energy did not differ. The Shannon diversity index of the microbiota in the distal ileal digesta and feces was similar among the diets but was lower in the distal ileal digesta than in the feces (P < 0.001). Permutation analysis of variance revealed no dietary differences between the bacterial groups within the ileal digesta and fecal samples (P > 0.05). In conclusion, additional Ca reduced the effect of exogenous phytase on prececal InsP6 degradation. Endogenous InsP degradation was impaired by additional Ca only in the hindgut but the abundance of bacterial genera in feces was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Klein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Naomi Sarpong
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja Melzer
- Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte M E Heyer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Keidan T, Greenberg A, Mudalige B, Klein N, Oron A. The Gantzer transfer - Assessment of the feasibility of using the nerve supplying the Gantzer muscle for end-to-side supercharging of the ulnar nerve. Hand Surg Rehabil 2022; 41:477-480. [PMID: 35476954 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed at assessing the anatomical feasibility of using the nerve supplying the Gantzer muscle (GM) to supercharge the ulnar nerve following injury. The GM nerve was dissected and measured in 36 forearms. The distance between its origin and the lateral epicondyle of humerus and between the GM nerve and the ulnar nerve was measured. The GM was present in 15 forearms (47%). The average distance between the origin of the GM nerve and the lateral epicondyle was 7.34 cm (range 3.3-9.1 cm). The average length of the GM nerve was 3.05 cm (range 1.6-4.5 cm) from origin to neuromuscular junction. The average distance from the ulnar nerve was 2.56 cm (range 1.8-13 3.4 cm). The length of the GM nerve was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the perpendicular distance between its origin and the ulnar nerve, allowing ample margin for side-to-side or end-to-side supercharging of the ulnar nerve with minimal or no need for further translocation or dissection. The use of the GM nerve as donor following ulnar nerve injury may provide an alternative to the pronator quadratus nerve for supercharged end-to-side transfer, or as an addition, thus supercharging the ulnar nerve twice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keidan
- Kaplan Medical Center, Derech Pasternak 1, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - A Greenberg
- Kaplan Medical Center, Derech Pasternak 1, Rehovot, Israel
| | - B Mudalige
- Kaplan Medical Center, Derech Pasternak 1, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Klein
- Kaplan Medical Center, Derech Pasternak 1, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Oron
- Kaplan Medical Center, Derech Pasternak 1, Rehovot, Israel
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Mellin J, Le Prevost M, Kenny J, Sturgeon K, Thompson LC, Foster C, Kessler HH, Goswami N, Klein N, Judd A, Castro H. Arterial Stiffness in a Cohort of Young People Living With Perinatal HIV and HIV Negative Young People in England. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:821568. [PMID: 35299977 PMCID: PMC8921599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy and consequently the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults living with HIV. We investigated the levels and predictors of arterial stiffness in young people (YP) living with perinatal HIV (PHIV) and HIV negative YP in the Adolescents and Adults Living with Perinatal HIV (AALPHI) study. Methods AALPHI was a prospective study evaluating the impact of HIV infection and exposure to ART on YP living with PHIV (aged 13–21 years) who had known their HIV status for at least 6 months, and HIV negative YP (aged 13–23 years) who either had a sibling, friend or parent living with HIV. Participants were enrolled from HIV clinics and community services in England. Two hundred and thirteen PHIV and 65 HIV negative YP (42% siblings of PHIV) had pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements taken (Vicorder software) from the supra-sternal notch to the middle of the thigh cuff, at their second interview in the study between 2015 and 2017. Average PWV was calculated from the three closest readings (≥3 and ≤ 12 m/s) within 0.6 m/s of each other. Linear regression examined predictors of higher (worse) PWV, including age, sex, HIV status and height as a priori, ethnicity, born outside UK/Ireland, alcohol/nicotine/drug use, weight, waist-to-hip-ratio, mean arterial pressure (MAP), caffeine 2 h before PWV and nicotine on day of PWV. A separate PHIV model included CD4, viral load, years taking ART and ART regimen. Findings One hundred and twenty eight (60%) PHIV and 45 (69%) HIV negative YP were female (p = 0.18), with median (IQR) age 18 (16, 20) and 18 (16, 21) years (p = 0.48) respectively. Most PHIV were taking a combination of three ART drugs from two classes. There was a trend toward higher (worse) mean PWV in the PHIV group than the HIV negative group [unvariable analysis 6.15 (SD 0.83) m/s vs. 5.93 (0.70) m/s, respectively, unadjusted p = 0.058], which was statistically significant in the multivariable analysis [adjusted p (ap) = 0.020]. In multivariable analysis being male (ap = 0.002), older age (ap < 0.001), higher MAP (ap < 0.001) and nicotine use on day of measurement (ap = 0.001) were also predictors of higher PWV. The predictors were the same in the PHIV model. Interpretation By late adolescence PHIV had worse PWV in comparison to HIV negative peers, and traditional risk factors for CVD (higher arterial pressure, being male and older age) were associated with higher PWV values. Regular detailed monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors should become standard of care for every young person with PHIV worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mellin
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Le Prevost
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Kenny
- Guy's and St. Thomas' National Heath Service Foundation Trust, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Sturgeon
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L C Thompson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Foster
- Imperial College Healthcare National Heath Service Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - H H Kessler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology, and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - N Klein
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Judd
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Castro
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Klein N, Papp M, Rosenfelder-Kuon P, Schroedter A, Avenhaus U, Rodehutscord M. Phosphorus digestibility and phytate degradation in pigs fed wheat-based diets with different intrinsic phytase activity and added microbial phytase. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:450-464. [PMID: 34724855 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1988814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of variation in wheat-derived phytase activity on myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) degradation, inositol phosphate (InsP) isomer concentration and phosphorus (P) digestibility in pigs fed wheat-based diets. Additional effects of a microbial phytase supplementation were also studied. Three wheat genotypes (W1-W3) with an analysed phytase activity between 2760 and 3700 FTU/kg were used to formulate four experimental diets that included soybean meal and rapeseed meal but did not contain a mineral P supplement. DietW1-DietW3 only differed in the included wheat genotypes (W1-W3) at an inclusion level of 400 g/kg. DietW3+ contained W3 and a commercial 6-phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg diet. Eight barrows with an initial body weight of 27 kg were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and assigned to the four dietary treatments in a completely randomised row column design. The experiment included four periods of 12 d each. The first 5 d of each period were for diet adaptation, followed by collection of faeces (4 d), ileal digesta (2 d), and blood (last day). In DietW1-DietW3, the mean precaecal (pc) InsP6 disappearance was 48% and the mean pc P digestibility was 37% without a significant effect of the wheat genotype. The InsP6 disappearance measured in the faeces was close to complete in all treatments, and faecal P digestibility was not significantly affected by the wheat genotype (36% overall). The addition of microbial phytase caused a significant increase in pc InsP6 degradation (to 79%) and pc and total tract P digestibility (to 53% and 52%, respectively). The concentration of InsP6 degradation products in ileal digesta was not significantly affected by the wheat genotype, except for that of Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5 and myo-inositol, which were higher in DietW3 than in DietW1 and DietW2. The added microbial phytase significantly reduced the concentration of InsP5 isomers in the ileal digesta and increased the concentrations of lower InsP isomers and myo-inositol. There were no significant effects of the added microbial phytase on pc amino acid digestibility; however, the wheat genotype exerted significant effects on the pc digestibility of Cys, Gly and Val. It was concluded that an increase in the intrinsic phytase activity of wheat achieved by crossbreeding was not reflected in InsP6 degradation and P digestibility in pigs fed wheat-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Klein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Papp
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Annika Schroedter
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Avenhaus
- W. von Borries-Eckendorf GmbH & Co. KG, Leopoldshöhe, Germany
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Herbeć A, Chimhini G, Rosenberg-Pacareu J, Sithole K, Rickli F, Chimhuya S, Manyau S, Walker AS, Klein N, Lorencatto F, Fitzgerald FC. Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control in a neonatal unit in Zimbabwe - a theory-driven qualitative study to inform design of a behaviour change intervention. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:804-811. [PMID: 32950588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is an increasing cause of neonatal morbidity/mortality in low-income settings. Hospital staff behaviours (e.g., hand hygiene) are key contributors to HAI. Understanding the drivers of these can inform interventions to improve infection prevention and control (IPC). AIM To explore barriers/facilitators to IPC in a neonatal unit in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 15 staff members of neonatal and maternity units alongside ethnographic observations. The interview guide and data analysis were informed by the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour) model and explored individual, socio-cultural, and organizational barriers/facilitators to IPC. Potential interventions were identified using the Behaviour-Change Wheel. FINDINGS Enablers within Capability included awareness of IPC, and within Motivation beliefs that IPC was crucial to one's role, and concerns about consequences of poor IPC. Staff were optimistic that IPC could improve, contingent upon resource availability (Opportunity). Barriers included: limited knowledge of guidelines, no formal feedback on performance (Capability), lack of resources (Opportunity), often leading to improvization and poor habit formation. Further barriers included the unit's hierarchy, e.g., low engagement of cleaners and mothers in IPC, and staff witnessing implementation of poor practices by other team members (Opportunity). Potential interventions could include role-modelling, engaging mothers and staff across cadres, audit and feedback and flexible protocols (adaptable to water/handrub availability). CONCLUSIONS Most barriers to IPC fell within Opportunity, whilst most enablers fell under Capability and Motivation. Theory-based investigation provides the basis for systematically identifying and developing interventions to address barriers and enablers to IPC in low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herbeć
- Centre for Behaviour Change, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - G Chimhini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Rosenberg-Pacareu
- Centre for Behaviour Change, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - K Sithole
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - F Rickli
- University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Chimhuya
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - S Manyau
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A S Walker
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, UCL, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - F Lorencatto
- Centre for Behaviour Change, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - F C Fitzgerald
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Freguja R, Bamford A, Zanchetta M, Del Bianco P, Giaquinto C, Harper L, Dalzini A, Cressey TR, Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Riault Y, Ford D, Gibb D, Klein N, De Rossi A. Long-term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes following planned treatment interruption in HIV-infected children. HIV Med 2020; 22:172-184. [PMID: 33124144 PMCID: PMC8436743 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Planned treatment interruption (PTI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults is associated with adverse outcomes. The PENTA 11 trial randomized HIV-infected children to continuous ART (CT) vs. CD4-driven PTIs. We report 5 years' follow-up after the end of main trial. METHODS Post-trial, all children resumed ART. Clinical, immunological, virological and treatment data were collected annually. A sub-study investigated more detailed immunophenotype. CT and PTI arms were compared using intention-to-treat. Laboratory parameters were compared using linear regression, adjusting for baseline values; mixed models were used to include all data over time. RESULTS In all, 101 children (51 CT, 50 PTI) contributed a median of 7.6 years, including 5.1 years of post-trial follow-up. Post-trial, there were no deaths, one pulmonary tuberculosis and no other CDC stage B/C events. At 5 years post-trial, 90% of children in the CT vs. 82% in the PTI arm had HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL (P = 0.26). A persistent increase in CD8 cells was observed in the PTI arm. The sub-study (54 children) suggested that both naïve and memory populations contributed to higher CD8 cells following PTI. Mean CD4/CD8 ratios at 5 years post-trial were 1.22 and 1.08 in CT and PTI arms, respectively [difference (CT - PTI) = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.34-0.05), P = 0.14]. The sub-study also suggested that during the trial and at early timepoints after the end of the trial, reduction in CD4 in the PTI arm was mainly from loss of CD4 memory cells. CONCLUSIONS Children tolerated PTI with few long-term clinical, virological or immunological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Freguja
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Bamford
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - M Zanchetta
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - P Del Bianco
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistic Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - C Giaquinto
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L Harper
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - A Dalzini
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T R Cressey
- PHPT/IRD 174, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Compagnucci
- INSERMSC10-US019, Essais thérapeutiques et maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France
| | - Y Saidi
- INSERMSC10-US019, Essais thérapeutiques et maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France
| | - Y Riault
- INSERMSC10-US019, Essais thérapeutiques et maladies Infectieuses, Villejuif, France
| | - D Ford
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - D Gibb
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Chimhini G, Chimhuya S, Madzudzo L, Heys M, Crehan C, Robertson V, Ferrand R, Sado B, Sharland M, Walker A, Klein N, Fitzgerald F. Auditing use of antibiotics in Zimbabwean neonates. Infect Prev Pract 2020; 2:100046. [PMID: 34368696 PMCID: PMC8336170 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. As signs of sepsis are non-specific and deterioration precipitous, antibiotics are often used profusely in these settings where diagnostics may not be readily available. Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe, delivers 12000 babies per annum admitting ∼4800 to the neonatal unit. Overcrowding, understaffing and rapid staff turnover are consistent problems. Suspected sepsis is highly prevalent, and antibiotics widely used. We audited the impact of training and benchmarking intervention on rationalizing antibiotic prescription using local, World Health Organization-derived, guidelines as the standard. METHODS An initial audit of admission diagnosis and antibiotic use was performed between 8th May - 6th June 2018 as per the audit cycle. An intern training programme, focusing on antimicrobial stewardship and differentiating between babies 'at risk of' versus 'with' clinically-suspected sepsis was instituted post-primary audit. Re-audit was conducted after 5 months. RESULTS Sepsis was the most common admitting diagnosis by interns at both time points but reduced at repeat audit (81% versus 59%, P<0.0001). Re-audit after 5 months demonstrated a decrease in antibiotic prescribing at admission and discharge. Babies prescribed antibiotics at admission decreased from 449 (98%) to 96 (51%), P<0.0001. Inpatient days of therapy (DOT) reduced from 1243 to 1110/1000 patient-days. Oral amoxicillin prescription at discharge reduced from 349/354 (99%) to 1% 1/161 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION A substantial decrease in antibiotic use was achieved by performance feedback, training and leadership, although ongoing performance review will be key to ensuring safety and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Chimhini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - S. Chimhuya
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - L. Madzudzo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M. Heys
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Specialist Children's and Young People's Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C. Crehan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - V. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R.A. Ferrand
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - B. Sado
- Microbiology Department Harare Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M. Sharland
- St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A.S. Walker
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, UK
| | - N. Klein
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F.C. Fitzgerald
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
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9
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Rosenfelder-Kuon P, Klein N, Zegowitz B, Schollenberger M, Kühn I, Thuringer L, Seifert J, Rodehutscord M. Phytate degradation cascade in pigs as affected by phytase supplementation and rapeseed cake inclusion in corn-soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa053. [PMID: 32060531 PMCID: PMC7057925 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments (Exp.) with ileally cannulated growing barrows were conducted. The concentrations of positional inositol phosphate (InsP) isomers in ileal digesta and feces were determined, as well as the prececal and total tract phytate (InsP6) hydrolysis, and digestibility of dry matter, P, Ca, nitrogen, and gross energy. Prececal amino acid (AA) digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in ileal digesta were also studied. In both Exp., pigs had an initial body weight (BW) of 28 kg and were completely randomized to a Double Latin Square Design with eight pigs, four diets, and three periods of 12 d each. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 5 d and 2 d, respectively. Pigs were housed individually in stainless steel metabolic units. Water was available ad libitum and feed was provided two times daily at an amount of 4% of mean BW. In Exp. 1, pigs received a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet that was supplemented with 0, 750, 1,500, or 3,000 FTU of a microbial phytase/kg diet. In Exp. 2, pigs were allotted to a 2 × 2 arrangement of diets based on corn and SBM or an SBM-rapeseed cake (RSC) mix and phytase supplementation at 0 or 1,500 FTU/kg of diet. In ileal digesta of pigs fed without the phytase supplement, the dominating InsP isomers beside InsP6 were InsP5 isomers. The InsP pattern in ileal digesta changed with the inclusion of microbial phytase in both Exp., as there was a remarkable increase in Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 concentration (P < 0.001). In both Exp., the myo-inositol concentration in ileal digesta was greater upon phytase addition (P < 0.001). Without phytase supplementation, prececal and total tract P digestibility were low, whereas hardly any InsP6 was excreted in feces. There was no difference between prececal and total tract P digestibility values. For most AA studied in Exp. 2, prececal digestibility was lower (P < 0.01) when the diet contained RSC. However, phytase supplementation did not significantly affect prececal AA digestibility in both Exp. The present study showed that InsP6 disappearance by the end of the ileum can be increased up to around 90% in SBM- and SBM-RSC-based diets when microbial phytase is supplemented, but prececal P digestibility hardly exceeded 60%. The study confirms that pigs cannot benefit from a remarkable InsP6 degradation in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Klein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benedikt Zegowitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Lucia Thuringer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Espasandín‐Domínguez J, Cadarso‐Suárez C, Kneib T, Marra G, Klein N, Radice R, Lado‐Baleato O, González‐Quintela A, Gude F. Assessing the relationship between markers of glycemic control through flexible copula regression models. Stat Med 2019; 38:5161-5181. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Espasandín‐Domínguez
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and OptimizationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - C. Cadarso‐Suárez
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and OptimizationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - T. Kneib
- Chair of StatisticsGeorg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - G. Marra
- Department of Statistical ScienceUniversity College London London UK
| | - N. Klein
- Humboldt‐Universitat zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - R. Radice
- Cass Business SchoolCity, University of London London UK
| | - O. Lado‐Baleato
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and OptimizationUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - A. González‐Quintela
- Department of Internal MedicineComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - F. Gude
- Clinical Epidemiology UnitComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
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11
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Dobson G, Klein N, Veys P, Qasim W, Silva J, Cheng IL, Shingadia D, Tudor-Williams G, Watters SA, Lyall H, Rao A, Foster C, Bamford A. Persistence of HIV reservoir following successful haematopoietic stem cell transplant for juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia in a child with perinatally acquired HIV. J Virus Erad 2019; 5:174-177. [PMID: 31700667 PMCID: PMC6816122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) on a background of both perinatally acquired HIV infection and congenital cytomegalovirus, and management of antiretroviral therapy during haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Peripheral blood HIV viral load remained below the lower limit of detection throughout and following transplant and is currently <20 RNA copies/mL. The child is currently in remission from JMML, but HIV DNA remains detectable despite myeloablative conditioning and sustained plasma HIV viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dobson
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - N Klein
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK
| | - P Veys
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK,Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - W Qasim
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK,Paediatric Immunology Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - J Silva
- Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - IL Cheng
- Paediatric Pharmacy Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - D Shingadia
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK
| | - G Tudor-Williams
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
St Mary's Hospital,
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK,Division of Infectious Diseases,
Imperial College London,
London,
UK
| | - SA Watters
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK
| | - H Lyall
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
St Mary's Hospital,
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - A Rao
- Paediatric Haematology Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - C Foster
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
St Mary's Hospital,
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK
| | - A Bamford
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust,
London,
UK,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health,
London,
UK,Corresponding author: Alasdair Bamford
Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department,
Great Ormond Street Hospital,
Great Ormond Street,
LondonWC1N 3JH,
UK
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12
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Dobson G, Klein N, Veys P, Qasim W, Silva J, Cheng I, Shingadia D, Tudor-Williams G, Watters S, Lyall H, Rao A, Foster C, Bamford A. Persistence of HIV reservoir following successful haematopoietic stem cell transplant for juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia in a child with perinatally acquired HIV. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Das K, Klein N, Schmid K. Strategic experimentation with asymmetric players. Econ Theory 2019; 69:1147-1175. [PMID: 32684667 PMCID: PMC7357687 DOI: 10.1007/s00199-019-01193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examine a two-player game with two-armed exponential bandits à la (Keller et al. in Econometrica 73:39-68, 2005), where players operate different technologies for exploring the risky option. We characterise the set of Markov perfect equilibria and show that there always exists an equilibrium in which the player with the inferior technology uses a cut-off strategy. All Markov perfect equilibria imply the same amount of experimentation but differ with respect to the expected speed of the resolution of uncertainty. If and only if the degree of asymmetry between the players is high enough, there exists a Markov perfect equilibrium in which both players use cut-off strategies. Whenever this equilibrium exists, it welfare dominates all other equilibria. This contrasts with the case of symmetric players, where there never exists a Markov perfect equilibrium in cut-off strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Das
- University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Katharina Schmid
- Gymnasium Bad Aibling Westendstraße 6A, 83043 Bad Aibling, Germany
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14
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Guenther E, Klein N, Zapf S, Weil S, Schlosser C, Rubinsky B, Stehling MK. Prostate cancer treatment with Irreversible Electroporation (IRE): Safety, efficacy and clinical experience in 471 treatments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215093. [PMID: 30986263 PMCID: PMC6464181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a novel image-guided tissue ablation technology that induces cell death via very short but strong pulsed electric fields. IRE has been shown to have preserving properties towards vessels and nerves and the extracellular matrix. This makes IRE an ideal candidate to treat prostate cancer (PCa) where other treatment modalities frequently unselectively destroy surrounding structures inducing severe side effects like incontinence or impotence. We report the retrospective assessment of 471 IRE treatments in 429 patients of all grades and stages of PCa with 6-year maximum follow-up time. Material and findings The patient cohort consisted of low (25), intermediate (88) and high-risk cancers (312). All had multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, and 199 men had additional 3D-mapping biopsy for diagnostic work-up prior to IRE. Patients were treated either focally (123), sub-whole-gland (154), whole-gland (134) or for recurrent disease (63) after previous radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, etc. Adverse effects were mild (19.7%), moderate (3.7%) and severe (1.4%), never life-threatening. Urinary continence was preserved in all cases. IRE-induced erectile dysfunction persisted in 3% of the evaluated cases 12 months post treatment. Mean transient IIEF-5-Score reduction was 33% within 12-month post IRE follow-up and 15% after 12 months. Recurrences within the follow-up period occurred in 10% of the treated men, 23 in or adjacent to the treatment field and 18 outside the treatment field (residuals). Including residuals for worst case analysis, Kaplan Maier estimation on recurrence rate at 5 years resulted in 5.6% (CI95: 1.8–16.93) for Gleason 6, 14.6% (CI95: 8.8–23.7) for Gleason 7 and 39.5% (CI95: 23.5–61.4) for Gleason 8–10. Conclusion The results indicate comparable efficacy of IRE to standard radical prostatectomy in terms of 5-year recurrence rates and better preservation of urogenital function, proving the safety and suitability of IRE for PCa treatment. The data also shows that IRE, besides focal therapy of early PCa, can also be used for whole-gland ablations, in patients with recurrent PCa, and as a problem-solver for local tumor control in T4-cancers not amenable to surgery and radiation therapy anymore.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Guenther
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - N. Klein
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Zapf
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
| | - S. Weil
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
| | - C. Schlosser
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
| | - B. Rubinsky
- Department of Mech. Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - M. K. Stehling
- Vitus Prostate Center, Institut für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Offenbach, Germany
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15
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Johnson SM, Standing JF, Klein N, Irwin AD, Shingadia D, Lonsdale DO, Gilmour KC, Flynn J, Manns C, Clapson M, Bamford A. A case for reduced frequency of CD4 count monitoring for children on combination antiretroviral therapy with consistently undetectable HIV viral load. HIV Med 2019; 20:e8-e9. [PMID: 30693658 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Johnson
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J F Standing
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A D Irwin
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Shingadia
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - D O Lonsdale
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University and St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - K C Gilmour
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Flynn
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Manns
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Clapson
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bamford
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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16
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Harjunmaa U, Doyle R, Järnstedt J, Kamiza S, Jorgensen JM, Stewart CP, Shaw L, Hallamaa L, Ashorn U, Klein N, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P. Periapical infection may affect birth outcomes via systemic inflammation. Oral Dis 2018; 24:847-855. [PMID: 29230915 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal dental periapical infections are associated with preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates whether the association is mediated through bacterial spread from periapical lesions to placenta (direct pathway) or systemic inflammatory reaction (indirect pathway). MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared birth outcomes in Malawian mothers with and without periapical infection. As markers of a direct pathway, we identified placental bacteria using a 16S rDNA approach and assessed histological evidence of inflammation in the placenta and amniotic membranes. We measured C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and salivary cortisol as markers of an indirect pathway. We used regression models to associate the predictor variables with duration of pregnancy and newborn size. RESULTS Of 1,024 women, 23.5% had periapical infection. There was no association of periapical infection with either bacterial DNA or histological inflammation in placenta or membranes. Periapical infection was associated with C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and cortisol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner at 36 weeks. Addition of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein or cortisol concentration into regression models attenuated the association between periapical infection and pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION There was no evidence of direct spread of periapical bacteria to the placenta. Periapical infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes are in part mediated through systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harjunmaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Doyle
- Microbiology, Virology & Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Järnstedt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Kamiza
- Department of Pathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - J M Jorgensen
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C P Stewart
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Shaw
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Hallamaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - K G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Fitzgerald F, Wing K, Naveed A, Gbessay M, Ross JCG, Checchi F, Youkee D, Jalloh MB, Baion D, Mustapha A, Jah H, Lako S, Oza S, Boufkhed S, Feury R, Bielicki J, Williamson E, Gibb DM, Klein N, Sahr F, Yeung S. Risk in the "Red Zone": Outcomes for Children Admitted to Ebola Holding Units in Sierra Leone Without Ebola Virus Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:162-165. [PMID: 28369236 PMCID: PMC5693324 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected data on 1054 children admitted to Ebola Holding Units in Sierra Leone and describe outcomes of 697/1054 children testing negative for Ebola virus disease (EVD) and accompanying caregivers. Case-fatality was 9%; 3/630 (0.5%) children discharged testing negative were readmitted EVD-positive. Nosocomial EVD transmission risk may be lower than feared.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fitzgerald
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation and Physiological Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
| | - K Wing
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and
| | - A Naveed
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
| | - M Gbessay
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
| | - JCG Ross
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
| | - F Checchi
- Save the Children, Sierra Leone and United Kingdom
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and
| | - D Youkee
- Kings Sierra Leone Partnership, Kings Centre for Global Health, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - MB Jalloh
- 34 Military Hospital, Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces, Freetown
| | - D Baion
- Ola During Children’s Hospital, Sierra Leone Ministry of Health, Freetown
| | - A Mustapha
- Ola During Children’s Hospital, Sierra Leone Ministry of Health, Freetown
| | - H Jah
- Cap Anamur (German Emergency Doctors), Ola During Children’s Hospital, Freetown, and
| | - S Lako
- Welbodi Partnership, Ola During Children’s Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - S Oza
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and
| | - S Boufkhed
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - R Feury
- Western Area Emergency Response Centre, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - E Williamson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, and
| | | | - N Klein
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation and Physiological Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom
| | - F Sahr
- 34 Military Hospital, Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces, Freetown
| | - S Yeung
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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18
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Hoare RL, Veys P, Klein N, Callard R, Standing JF. Predicting CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution Following Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:349-357. [PMID: 28074473 PMCID: PMC5579758 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an increasingly common treatment for children with a range of hematological disorders. Conditioning with cytotoxic chemotherapy and total body irradiation leaves patients severely immunocompromised. T‐cell reconstitution can take several years due to delayed restoration of thymic output. Understanding T‐cell reconstitution in children is complicated by normal immune system maturation, heterogeneous diagnoses, and sparse uneven sampling due to the long time spans involved. We describe here a mechanistic mathematical model for CD4 T‐cell immune reconstitution following pediatric transplantation. Including relevant biology and using mixed‐effects modeling allowed the factors affecting reconstitution to be identified. Bayesian predictions for the long‐term reconstitution trajectories of individual children were then obtained using early post‐transplant data. The model was developed using data from 288 children; its predictive ability validated on data from a further 75 children, with long‐term reconstitution predicted accurately in 81% of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hoare
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Veys
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Klein
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Callard
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J F Standing
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Klein N. [Child protection, a question of society]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2017; 38:10-13. [PMID: 28499473 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Child protection is a sector undergoing major changes in which local authorities play a central role. There are several different types of child protection measures covering different needs: monitoring in the home, foster family, placement in a children's home or a stay in a mother-and-baby centre for young mothers. For all these children and adolescents, leaving care is a key moment which requires support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Klein
- Établissement public départemental Le Charmeyran, 9 chemin Duhamel, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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20
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Fogliani B, Gâteblé G, Villegente M, Fabre I, Klein N, Anger N, Baskin CC, Scutt CP. The morphophysiological dormancy in Amborella trichopoda seeds is a pleisiomorphic trait in angiosperms. Ann Bot 2017; 119:581-590. [PMID: 28087660 PMCID: PMC5379585 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent parsimony-based reconstructions suggest that seeds of early angiosperms had either morphophysiological or physiological dormancy, with the former considered as more probable. The aim of this study was to determine the class of seed dormancy present in Amborella trichopoda , the sole living representative of the most basal angiosperm lineage Amborellales, with a view to resolving fully the class of dormancy present at the base of the angiosperm clade. METHODS Drupes of A. trichopoda without fleshy parts were germinated and dissected to observe their structure and embryo growth. Pre-treatments including acid scarification, gibberellin treatment and seed excision were tested to determine their influence on dormancy breakage and germination. Character-state mapping by maximum parsimony, incorporating data from the present work and published sources, was then used to determine the likely class of dormancy present in early angiosperms. KEY RESULTS Germination in A. trichopoda requires a warm stratification period of at least approx. 90 d, which is followed by endosperm swelling, causing the water-permeable pericarp-mesocarp envelope to split open. The embryo then grows rapidly within the seed, to radicle emergence some 17 d later and cotyledon emergence after an additional 24 d. Gibberellin treatment, acid scarification and excision of seeds from the surrounding drupe tissues all promoted germination by shortening the initial phase of dormancy, prior to embryo growth. CONCLUSIONS Seeds of A. trichopoda have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, in which mechanical resistance of the pericarp-mesocarp envelope plays a key role in the initial physiological phase. Maximum parsimony analyses, including data obtained in the present work, indicate that morphophysiological dormancy is likely to be a pleisiomorphic trait in flowering plants. The significance of this conclusion for studies of early angiosperm evolution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fogliani
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, New Caledonia
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l’Environnement (LIVE)–EA 4243, University of New Caledonia (UNC), BP R4, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Gildas Gâteblé
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Matthieu Villegente
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l’Environnement (LIVE)–EA 4243, University of New Caledonia (UNC), BP R4, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Isabelle Fabre
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Nicolas Klein
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, New Caledonia
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l’Environnement (LIVE)–EA 4243, University of New Caledonia (UNC), BP R4, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Nicolas Anger
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Charlie P Scutt
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP; UMR5667, CNRS-INRA-Université de Lyon), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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21
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Goniszewski S, Adabi M, Shaforost O, Hanham SM, Hao L, Klein N. Erratum: Corrigendum: Correlation of p-doping in CVD Graphene with Substrate Surface Charges. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41467. [PMID: 28198799 PMCID: PMC5304154 DOI: 10.1038/srep41467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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22
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Zwirner J, Bayer R, Hädrich C, Bollmann A, Klein N, Dreßler J, Ondruschka B. Pulmonary artery perforation and coronary air embolism-two fatal outcomes in percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:191-197. [PMID: 27815629 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is a routinely performed method to reduce the risk of stroke in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation, when an oral anticoagulation is no longer indicated due to relevant bleeding complications. Currently, the Amplatzer Amulet and the Watchman system are two equally used systems. While there is an acute success rate of more than 95 per cent for this intervention, several minor and major complications such as pericardial effusions, air embolism, vascular lesions in proximity to the heart or even death can occur. Here, we report two cases of very rare fatal outcomes in percutaneous LAA occlusion. Eight hours after deployment of an Amplatzer Amulet a patient died, after the pulmonary trunk was perforated by a hook of the occluder device causing pericardial tamponade. In the second case during final radiological position control of the deployed Watchman occluder air was injected accidentally. The patient immediately died due to coronary air embolism. Forensic autopsies are necessary to solve the cause and manner of death, to evaluate and develop medical devices and to rule out medical malpractice. Thus, a close collaboration of legal medicine and the various cardiologic departments is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zwirner
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Bayer
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Hädrich
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Bollmann
- University of Leipzig - Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Klein
- Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Dreßler
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Ondruschka
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.
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23
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Foster C, Bamford A, Turkova A, Welch S, Klein N. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS Treatment Guideline 2016 update: antiretroviral therapy recommended for all children living with HIV. HIV Med 2016; 18:133-134. [PMID: 27385585 PMCID: PMC5248631 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Foster
- The Family Clinic, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bamford
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Turkova
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - S Welch
- Paediatrics, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Klein
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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24
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Omoyinmi E, Standing A, Keylock A, Rowczenio D, Melo Gomes S, Cullup T, Jenkins L, Gilmour K, Eleftheriou D, Lachmann H, Hawkins P, Klein N, Brogan P. SAT0010 A Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Gene Panel for Autoinflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Junk S, Klein N, Schreek S, Zimmermann M, Möricke A, Bleckmann K, Cario G, Kratz CP, Schrappe M, Stanulla M. TP53 single nucleotide variants (SNV) in patients developing second malignant neoplasms after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Klin Padiatr 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Fenton M, Simmonds J, Shah V, Brogan P, Klein N, Deanfield J, Burch M. Inflammatory Cytokines, Endothelial Function, and Chronic Allograft Vasculopathy in Children: An Investigation of the Donor and Recipient Vasculature After Heart Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1559-68. [PMID: 26614396 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits the lifespan of pediatric heart transplant recipients. We investigated blood markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and damage to both the native and transplanted vasculature in children after heart transplantation. Serum samples were taken from pediatric heart transplant recipients for markers of inflammation and endothelial activation. The systemic vasculature was investigated using brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation and carotid artery intima-medial hyperplasia. CAV was investigated using intravascular ultrasound. Mean intima-media thickness (mIMT) > 0.5 mm was used to define significant CAV. Forty-eight children (25 male) aged 8-18 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were a median (interquartile range) 4.1 (2.2-8.7) years after transplant. Patients had increased levels of circulating IL6 (3.86 [2.84-4.95] vs. 1.66 [1.22-2.63] p < 0.0001), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (539 [451-621] vs. 402 [342-487] p < 0.001), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 305 (247-346) vs. 256 (224-294) p = 0.002 and thrombomodulin (7.1 [5.5-8.1] vs. 3.57 [3.03-4.71] p < 0.0001) and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, E selectin, and P selectin, compared with controls. The systemic vasculature was unaffected. Patients with severe CAV had raised serum von Willebrand factor and decreased serum thrombomodulin. Posttransplant thrombomodulin levels are elevated after transplant but significantly lower in those with mIMT > 0.5 mm. This suggests that subclinical inflammation is present and that natural anticoagulant/thrombomodulin activity is important after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fenton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Simmonds
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Shah
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Brogan
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Deanfield
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, London, UK
| | - M Burch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplant, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Gellrich F, Klein N, Albinus J, Gellrich S. Retrospektive Analyse der individuellen Sonnenschutzberatung bei Patienten mit Aktinischen Keratosen. Akt Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gellrich
- Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden
| | - N. Klein
- Dermatologische Praxis, Elisabethstraße 6, 12247 Berlin
| | - J. Albinus
- Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden
| | - S. Gellrich
- Dermatologische Praxis, Baumschulenstraße 74, 12437 Berlin
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28
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Gregory A, Blackburn J, Lees K, Clarke R, Hodgetts T, Hanham S, Klein N. Measurement of the permittivity and loss of high-loss materials using a Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 161:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Gomes SM, Arostegui J, Omoyinmi E, Standing A, Klein N, Lachmann H, Hawkins P, Brogan P. Whole Exome Sequencing reveals a NLRP3 mutation in exon 5 in a patient with CINCA. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4597063 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-p45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Rowczenio D, Gomes SM, Aróstegui J, Omoyinmi E, Gonzalez-Roca E, Standing A, Eleftheriou D, Klein N, Brogan P, Lachmann H, Hawkins P. Late onset of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) associated with low level of somatic mosaicism in six patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4597082 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-p37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Standing A, Eleftheriou D, Paisan-Ruiz C, Rowcenzio D, Hong Y, Omoyinmi E, Woo P, Hawkins P, Lachmann H, Klein N, Brogan P. 8th International Congress of Familial Mediterranean Fever and Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13 Suppl 1:O1-P211. [PMID: 26424586 PMCID: PMC4597419 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-o1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Standing
- UCL Institute of Child Health, IIIP, London, UK
| | | | | | - D Rowcenzio
- UCL Royal Free Hospital, National Amyloidosis Centre, London, UK
| | - Y Hong
- UCL Institute of Child Health, IIIP, London, UK
| | - E Omoyinmi
- UCL Institute of Child Health, IIIP, London, UK
| | - P Woo
- University College London, London, UK
| | - P Hawkins
- UCL Royal Free Hospital, National Amyloidosis Centre, London, UK
| | - H Lachmann
- UCL Royal Free Hospital, National Amyloidosis Centre, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- UCL Institute of Child Health, IIIP, London, UK
| | - P Brogan
- UCL Institute of Child Health, IIIP, London, UK
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32
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Shah V, Christov G, Mukasa T, Brogan KS, Wade A, Eleftheriou D, Levin M, Tulloh RM, Almeida B, Dillon MJ, Marek J, Klein N, Brogan PA. Cardiovascular status after Kawasaki disease in the UK. Heart 2015; 101:1646-55. [PMID: 26316045 PMCID: PMC4621377 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that causes coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in young children. Previous studies have emphasised poor long-term outcomes for those with severe CAA. Little is known about the fate of those without CAA or patients with regressed CAA. We aimed to study long-term cardiovascular status after KD by examining the relationship between coronary artery (CA) status, endothelial injury, systemic inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) after KD. METHODS Circulating endothelial cells (CECs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), soluble cell-adhesion molecules cytokines, CRF, PWV and cIMT were compared between patients with KD and healthy controls (HC). CA status of the patients with KD was classified as CAA present (CAA+) or absent (CAA-) according to their worst-ever CA status. Data are median (range). RESULTS Ninety-two KD subjects were studied, aged 11.9 years (4.3-32.2), 8.3 years (1.0-30.7) from KD diagnosis. 54 (59%) were CAA-, and 38 (41%) were CAA+. There were 51 demographically similar HC. Patients with KD had higher CECs than HC (p=0.00003), most evident in the CAA+ group (p=0.00009), but also higher in the CAA- group than HC (p=0.0010). Patients with persistent CAA had the highest CECs, but even those with regressed CAA had higher CECs than HC (p=0.011). CD105 EMPs were also higher in the KD group versus HC (p=0.04), particularly in the CAA+ group (p=0.02), with similar findings for soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1. There was no difference in PWV, cIMT, CRF or in markers of systemic inflammation in the patients with KD (CAA+ or CAA-) compared with HC. CONCLUSIONS Markers of endothelial injury persist for years after KD, including in a subset of patients without CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shah
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - G Christov
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Mukasa
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K S Brogan
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Wade
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and Biostatistics Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - D Eleftheriou
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M Levin
- Paediatric Infectious diseases group, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R M Tulloh
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - B Almeida
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M J Dillon
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Marek
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - P A Brogan
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Brown JR, Tang JW, Pankhurst L, Klein N, Gant V, Lai KM, McCauley J, Breuer J. Influenza virus survival in aerosols and estimates of viable virus loss resulting from aerosolization and air-sampling. J Hosp Infect 2015; 91:278-81. [PMID: 26412395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a Collison nebulizer, aerosols of influenza (A/Udorn/307/72 H3N2) were generated within a controlled experimental chamber, from known starting virus concentrations. Air samples collected after variable suspension times were tested quantitatively using both plaque and polymerase chain reaction assays, to compare the proportion of viable virus against the amount of detectable viral RNA. These experiments showed that whereas influenza RNA copies were well preserved, the number of viable viruses decreased by a factor of 10(4)-10(5). This suggests that air-sampling studies for assessing infection control risks that detect only influenza RNA may greatly overestimate the amount of viable virus available to cause infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Brown
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J W Tang
- University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - L Pankhurst
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - N Klein
- University College London, London, UK
| | - V Gant
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - K M Lai
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - J McCauley
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK
| | - J Breuer
- University College London, London, UK
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34
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Palma P, Foster C, Rojo P, Zangari P, Yates A, Cotugno N, Klein N, Luzuriaga K, Pahwa S, Nastouli E, Gibb DM, Borkowsky W, Bernardi S, Calvez V, Manno E, Mora N, Compagnucci A, Wahren B, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, De Rossi A, Ananworanich J, Pillay D, Giaquinto C, Rossi P. The EPIICAL project: an emerging global collaboration to investigate immunotherapeutic strategies in HIV-infected children. J Virus Erad 2015; 1:134-139. [PMID: 26893908 PMCID: PMC4755515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The EPIICAL (Early-treated Perinatally HIV-infected Individuals: Improving Children's Actual Life with Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies) project arises from the firm belief that perinatally infected children treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) from early infancy represent the optimal population model in which to study novel immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at achieving ART-free remission. This is because HIV-infected infants treated within 2-3 months of life have a much reduced viral reservoir size, and rarely show HIV-specific immunity but preserve normal immune development. The goal of EPIICAL is the establishment of an international collaboration to develop a predictive platform using this model to select promising HIV therapeutic vaccine candidates, leading to prioritisation or deprioritisation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. To establish this platform, the EPIICAL Consortium aims to: develop predictive models of virological and immunological dynamics associated with response to early ART and to treatment interruption using available data from existing cohorts/studies of early-treated perinatally HIV-infected children; optimise methodologies to better characterise immunological, virological and genomic correlates/profiles associated with viral control; test novel immunotherapeutic strategies using in vivo proof-of-concept (PoC) studies with the aim of inducing virological, immunological and transcriptomic correlates/profiles equivalent to those defined by the predictive model. This approach will strengthen the capacity for discovery, development and initial testing of new therapeutic vaccine strategies through the integrated efforts of leading international scientific groups, with the aim of improving the health of HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy,Corresponding author: Paolo Palma,
University Department of Pediatrics Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino GesùPiazza Sant'Onofrio4-00165Rome,
Italy
| | - C Foster
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust,
London,
UK
| | - P Rojo
- Department of Pediatrics,
Hospital 12 de Octubre,
Madrid,
Spain
| | - P Zangari
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine,
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’,
Italy
| | - A Yates
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation,
University of Glasgow,
Glasgow,
UK
| | - N Cotugno
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine,
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’,
Italy
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health,
University College London,
London,
UK
| | - K Luzuriaga
- Program in Molecular Medicine,
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester,
MA,
USA
| | - S Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine,
Miami,
FL,
USA
| | - E Nastouli
- Department of Virology,
University College London Hospitals,
London,
UK
| | - DM Gibb
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit,
London,
UK
| | | | - S Bernardi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy
| | - V Calvez
- Pierre et Marie Curie University and Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital,
Paris,
France
| | - E Manno
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine,
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’,
Italy
| | - Nadia Mora
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy
| | - A Compagnucci
- INSERM SC10-US019 Clinical Trials and Infectious Diseases,
Villejuif Paris,
France
| | - B Wahren
- Department of Microbiology,
Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - MÁ Muñoz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular ImmunoBiology,
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon,
Madrid,
Spain
| | - A De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DiSCOG,
University of Padova & Istituto Oncologico Veneto(IOV)-IRCCS,
Padova Padova,
Italy
| | - J Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Maryland,
USA
| | - D Pillay
- Africa Centre,
KwaZulu Natal,
South Africa
| | - C Giaquinto
- Department of Women's and Child's Health, Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit,
University of Padova and PENTA Foundation,
Italy
| | - P Rossi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases,
Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù,
Rome,
Italy,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine,
University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’,
Italy
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35
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Pfeiffer D, Hagendorff A, Kühne C, Reinhardt S, Klein N. [Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator at the end of life]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2015; 26:134-140. [PMID: 26001358 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-015-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brady- and tachyarrhythmias at the end of life are common observations. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators answer with antibrady and antitachycardia pacing, which will not be associated with any complaints of the dying patient. In contrast, defibrillation and cardioversion shocks are extremely painful. Therefore shocks should be inactivated at the end of life. Family doctors, internists, emergency physicians and paramedics are unable to inactivate shocks. Deactivation of shocks at the end of life is not comparable to euthanasia or assisted suicide, but allow the patient to die at the end of an uncurable endstage disease. Deactivation of shocks should be discussed with the patient before initial implantation of the devices. The precise moment of the inactivation at the end of life should be discussed with patients and relatives. There is no common recommendation for the time schedule of this decision; therefore it should be based on the individual situation of the patient. Emergency health care physicians need magnets and sufficient information to inactivate defibrillators. The wishes of the patient have priority in the decision process and should be written in the patient's advance directive, which must be available in the final situation. However the physician must not necessarily follow every wish of the patient. As long as the laws in the European Union are not uniform, German recommendations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pfeiffer
- Abt. Kardiologie & Angiologie, Dept. Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland,
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Patel P, Tuke P, Tettmar K, Cloutman-Green E, Hartley J, Klein N, Veys P, Tedder RS. No evidence of transfusion transmission of Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in paediatric recipients post-bone marrow transplant. Vox Sang 2015; 109:95-7. [PMID: 25827634 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus can cause significant morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients post-bone marrow transplant. The source of infection is thought to be either reactivation of latent viruses or primary infection. We have investigated whether transfusion of blood components from viraemic donors could provide a route of primary infection in these patients and sought the prevalence of viraemia in the blood donor population from England. In 32 linked donor/recipient samples and 300 unselected blood donors, we found no evidence to suggest that these infections in paediatric bone marrow transplant recipients had been acquired from transfused blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Patel
- R & D Transfusion Microbiology, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Blood Borne Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - P Tuke
- R & D Transfusion Microbiology, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Blood Borne Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - K Tettmar
- R & D Transfusion Microbiology, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Blood Borne Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - E Cloutman-Green
- Camelia Botnar Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Hartley
- Camelia Botnar Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - P Veys
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R S Tedder
- R & D Transfusion Microbiology, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Blood Borne Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
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37
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Klein N, de With K, Lefman M, Schönfeld N, Rüssmann H, Bauer TT. Antibiotikaverbrauch in einer pneumologischen Klinik: Punkt-Prävalenz-Analyse zur Einschätzung von ABS (Antibiotic Stewardship)-Strategien. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bamford A, Turkova A, Lyall H, Foster C, Klein N, Bastiaans D, Burger D, Bernadi S, Butler K, Chiappini E, Clayden P, Della Negra M, Giacomet V, Giaquinto C, Gibb D, Galli L, Hainaut M, Koros M, Marques L, Nastouli E, Niehues T, Noguera-Julian A, Rojo P, Rudin C, Scherpbier HJ, Tudor-Williams G, Welch SB. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life. HIV Med 2015; 19:e1-e42. [PMID: 25649230 PMCID: PMC5724658 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2015 Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines provide practical recommendations on the management of HIV‐1 infection in children in Europe and are an update to those published in 2009. Aims of treatment have progressed significantly over the last decade, moving far beyond limitation of short‐term morbidity and mortality to optimizing health status for adult life and minimizing the impact of chronic HIV infection on immune system development and health in general. Additionally, there is a greater need for increased awareness and minimization of long‐term drug toxicity. The main updates to the previous guidelines include: an increase in the number of indications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) at all ages (higher CD4 thresholds for consideration of ART initiation and additional clinical indications), revised guidance on first‐ and second‐line ART recommendations, including more recently available drug classes, expanded guidance on management of coinfections (including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) and additional emphasis on the needs of adolescents as they approach transition to adult services. There is a new section on the current ART ‘pipeline’ of drug development, a comprehensive summary table of currently recommended ART with dosing recommendations. Differences between PENTA and current US and World Health Organization guidelines are highlighted and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bamford
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Turkova
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - H Lyall
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Foster
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Klein
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Bastiaans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands
| | - D Burger
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegan, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernadi
- University Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - K Butler
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin & University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Chiappini
- Meyer University Hospital, Florence University, Florence, Italy
| | | | - M Della Negra
- Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Giacomet
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Giaquinto
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - D Gibb
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - L Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Hainaut
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Koros
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - L Marques
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Department, Porto Central Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Nastouli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - T Niehues
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - A Noguera-Julian
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rojo
- 12th of October Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rudin
- University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H J Scherpbier
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andrikopoulos G, Tzeis S, Asbach S, Semmler V, Lennerz C, Solzbach U, Grebmer C, Kloppe A, Klein N, Pastromas S, Biermann J, Kolb C. A stepwise electrocardiographic algorithm for differentiation of mid-septal vs. apical right ventricular lead positioning: the SPICE ECG substudy. Europace 2015; 17:915-20. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Doyle RM, Alber DG, Jones HE, Harris K, Fitzgerald F, Peebles D, Klein N. Term and preterm labour are associated with distinct microbial community structures in placental membranes which are independent of mode of delivery. Placenta 2014; 35:1099-101. [PMID: 25458966 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection is considered a possible trigger for preterm labour, supported by evidence showing the presence of bacteria in the placenta and placental membranes from preterm births. In this study, 16S rDNA pyrosequencing was used to identify bacteria in placental membranes. Caesarean sections and vaginal deliveries at term were found to harbour common genera. Mycoplasma hominis, Aerococcus christensenii, Gardnerella vaginalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were either only present in preterm membranes or in greater abundance than at term. These data support previous studies that used either targeted qPCR or broad-range 16S rDNA PCR and cloning but not a recent microbiome analysis of placental tissue using high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Doyle
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - D G Alber
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - H E Jones
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - K Harris
- Microbiology Department, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - F Fitzgerald
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - D Peebles
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - N Klein
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Seel F, Klein N. Bildung von Amidophosphaten und Amidophosphorsäure aus N-Methylcarbamoylphosphaten / Formation of Amidophosphates and Amidophosphoric Acid from N-Methylcarbamoyl Phosphates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1983-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of various amidophosphates can be readily accomplished in aqueous solutions by the reaction of amines with solutions of sodium, potassium or ammonium N-methylcarbamoyl phosphate, prepared by the reaction of methylisocyanate with the corresponding hydrogen phosphates. Procedures for the synthesis of NH4[O3PNH3] and Ca[O3PNH2CH3]2 · 4 H2O are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Seel
- Fachrichtung Anorganische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes, Fachbereich 13, Anorganische Chemie, D-6600 Saarbrücken
| | - N. Klein
- Fachrichtung Anorganische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes, Fachbereich 13, Anorganische Chemie, D-6600 Saarbrücken
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Nanthapisal S, Eleftheriou D, Hong Y, Klein N, Brogan PA. PReS-FINAL-2363: Behçet's disease in children: the Great Ormond Street Hospital experience. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC4045081 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s2-p353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Klein N, Klein M, Pfeiffer D. [Pacemaker, cardiac resynchonisation, implantable cardioverter/defibrillator, event monitoring]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013; 138:2526-9. [PMID: 24281961 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Klein
- Abteilung Kardiologie/Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
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Shoukier M, Klein N, Auber B, Wickert J, Schröder J, Zoll B, Burfeind P, Bartels I, Alsat EA, Lingen M, Grzmil P, Schulze S, Keyser J, Weise D, Borchers M, Hobbiebrunken E, Röbl M, Gärtner J, Brockmann K, Zirn B. Array CGH in patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability: are there phenotypic clues to pathogenic copy number variants? Clin Genet 2013; 83:53-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Eaton S, Klein N, Ong E, Pierro A. Authors' reply: Randomized clinical trial of glutamine-supplemented versus standard parenteral nutrition in infants with surgical gastrointestinal disease (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 929-938). Br J Surg 2013; 100:841-2. [PMID: 23553761 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ohlweiler LU, Brum DS, Leivas FG, Moyses AB, Ramos RS, Klein N, Mezzalira JC, Mezzalira A. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection improves in vitro embryo production from poor quality bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2013; 79:778-83. [PMID: 23312719 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to use subzonal sperm injection (SUZI) to understand sperm penetration patterns and to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to improve production of bovine embryos using poor quality gametes. In experiment 1, poor versus good quality oocytes were fertilized with sperm from two bulls, A and B, with poor and good sperm vigor, respectively. The blastocyst rate was higher for good versus poor quality oocytes (23.3% vs. 11.1%, P < 0.05), regardless of the bull used. There was no significant difference in blastocyst rate for bull A (low vigor) regardless of oocyte quality, and for bull B (high vigor), blastocyst rate was better for good versus poor quality oocytes (25.7% vs. 9.2%, P < 0.05). In experiment 2, poor quality oocytes were subjected to SUZI. The oocyte penetration rate was lower for bull A than for bull B (29.6% vs. 53.8%, P < 0.05), when SUZI was performed within 1 hour after sperm processing. However, when SUZI was performed 2 to 3 hours after sperm processing, penetrating capacity was similar between bulls, but for bull B, penetrating capacity significantly decreased after 3 hours of sperm processing. In an attempt to overcome sperm penetrating disorders, poor and good quality oocytes were subjected to ICSI (experiment 3). Irrespective of the bull or of the oocyte quality grade, there were no differences in cleavage or blastocyst rates. Both bulls had distinct IVF embryo production rates, which we inferred were because of particular individual sperm characteristics. In conclusion, ICSI was an effective means to achieve in vitro production of bovine embryos with gametes of variable quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L U Ohlweiler
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal prof. Assis Roberto de Bem, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Hanham SM, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Teng JH, Ang SS, Lim KP, Yoon SF, Ngo CY, Klein N, Pendry JB, Maier SA. Broadband terahertz plasmonic response of touching InSb disks. Adv Mater 2012; 24:OP226-OP230. [PMID: 22807039 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Hanham
- Dept. of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Luke B, Brown M, Grainger D, Klein N, Cedars M, Stern J. The effect of multiple fetal heartbeats in early pregnancy on assisted reproductive technology (ART) singleton pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lewis J, Walker AS, Castro H, De Rossi A, Gibb DM, Giaquinto C, Klein N, Callard R. Reply to Zhang, Poznansky, and Crumpacker. J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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