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Raghuram N, Hasegawa D, Nakashima K, Rahman S, Antoniou E, Skajaa T, Merli P, Verma A, Rabin KR, Aftandilian C, Kotecha RS, Cheuk D, Jahnukainen K, Kolenova A, Balwierz W, Norton A, O’Brien M, Cellot S, Chopek A, Arad-Cohen N, Goemans B, Rojas-Vasquez M, Ariffin H, Bartram J, Kolb EA, Locatelli F, Klusmann JH, Hasle H, McGuire B, Hasnain A, Sung L, Hitzler J. Survival outcomes of children with relapsed or refractory myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6532-6539. [PMID: 36735769 PMCID: PMC10632607 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a significantly higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia, also termed myeloid leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS). In contrast to the highly favorable prognosis of primary ML-DS, the limited data that are available for children who relapse or who have refractory ML-DS (r/r ML-DS) suggest a dismal prognosis. There are few clinical trials and no standardized treatment approach for this population. We conducted a retrospective analysis of international study groups and pediatric oncology centers and identified 62 patients who received treatment with curative intent for r/r ML-DS between year 2000 to 2021. Median time from diagnosis to relapse was 6.8 (range, 1.1-45.5) months. Three-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 20.9 ± 5.3% and 22.1 ± 5.4%, respectively. Survival was associated with receipt of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.28), duration of first complete remission (CR1) (HR, 0.31 for > 12 months) and attainment of remission after relapse (HR, 4.03). Patients who achieved complete remission (CR) before HSCT, had an improved OS and EFS of 56.0 ± 11.8% and 50.5 ± 11.9%, respectively compared to those who underwent HSCT without CR (3-year OS and EFS of 10.0 ± 9.5%). Treatment failure after HSCT was predominantly because of disease recurrence (52%) followed by treatment-related mortality (10%). The prognosis of r/r ML-DS remains dismal even in the current treatment period and serve as a reference point for current prognostication and future interventional studies. Clinical trials aimed at improving the survival of patients with r/r ML-DS are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Syaza Rahman
- Division of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and BM Transplantation, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Evangelia Antoniou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Torjus Skajaa
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anupam Verma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen R. Rabin
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Catherine Aftandilian
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of WA, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Cheuk
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alice Norton
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen O’Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashley Chopek
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nira Arad-Cohen
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bianca Goemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Rojas-Vasquez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Division of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and BM Transplantation, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jack Bartram
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bryan McGuire
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Afia Hasnain
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johann Hitzler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Raghuram N, Khan S, Mumal I, Bouffet E, Huang A. Embryonal tumors with multi-layered rosettes: a disease of dysregulated miRNAs. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:63-73. [PMID: 33090313 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ETMRs are highly lethal, pediatric embryonal brain tumors, previously classified as various histologic diagnoses including supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) and CNS PNET. With recognition that these tumors harbor recurrent amplification of a novel oncogenic miRNA cluster on chr19, C19MC, ETMRs were designated as a distinct biological and molecular entity with a spectrum of histologic and clinical manifestations. METHODS We reviewed published literature describing clinical presentation, the genetic and epigenetic drivers of oncogenesis, and recent therapeutic strategies adopted to combat these aggressive tumors. RESULTS As a consequence of C19MC amplification, ETMRs upregulate several oncogenic and pluripotency proteins, including LIN28A, DNMT3B and MYCN, that confer a unique epigenetic signature reminiscent of nascent embryonic stem cells. In this review, we focus on the dysregulation of miRNAs in ETMR, the major pathogenic mechanism identified in this disease. CONCLUSION Despite the use of multi-modal therapeutic regimens, ETMR patients have dismal survival. Understanding the unique biology of these tumors has provided new insights towards novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Sara Khan
- Monash Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital. Monash Health. Center for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Iqra Mumal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
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Raghuram N, Marwaha A, Greer MLC, Gauda E, Chitayat D. Congenital hypothyroidism, cardiac defects, and pancreatic agenesis in an infant with GATA6 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1496-1499. [PMID: 32207556 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
GATA6 pathogenic variants primarily manifest a phenotype with pancreatic agenesis and cardiac malformations. However, additional congenital malformations affecting the biliary system, congenital diaphragmatic hernia and developmental delay have been reported. We report a newborn, prenatally diagnosed with truncus arteriosus and intrauterine growth restriction, who was postnatally found to have pancreatic agenesis associated with neonatal diabetes and hepatobiliary abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing identified a de novo, heterozygous mutation in the GATA6 gene (c.1366C>T; p.Arg456Cys). Further investigations revealed abnormalities not previously associated with GATA6 mutation, including unilateral thyroid lobe agenesis associated with congenital hypothyroidism, absent gall bladder, possible adrenal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, and neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sickkids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashish Marwaha
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sickkids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Louise C Greer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Estelle Gauda
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sickkids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sickkids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Raghuram N, Singh RP. Nurturing growth with excellence: PMBP goes monthly in its Silver Jubilee year! Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:1-2. [PMID: 32153321 PMCID: PMC7036376 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Raghuram
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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Raghuram N. The pleasure of excellence-led growth and the pain of enforcing publishing ethics: the experience of PMBP. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:1-3. [PMID: 28250579 PMCID: PMC5313417 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Raghuram
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078 India
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Ram A, Raghuram N, Rao R, Veldore V, Usharani M, Kodaganur G, Ajaikumar B, Reddy S. Effect of long term yoga practice on psychological and immune outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv113.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Deshpande CS, Rakhshani A, Rakshani A, Nagarathna R, Ganpat TS, Kurpad A, Maskar R, Nagendra HR, Sudheer DC, Abbas R, Raghuram N, Anura K, Rita M, Ramarao N. Yoga for high-risk pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3:341-4. [PMID: 24116310 PMCID: PMC3793436 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Improvements in technology have increased the chances of survival for the micro-premature infant and the very low birth-weight infant but have significantly increased the financial burden of health care organizations. This economic burden has a significant impact on third-party payers and on society in general. Aim: The study was designed to assess yoga therapy (YT) module on maternal stress level in high risk pregnancy. Subjects and Methods: In the present study, sixty-eight pregnant women (38 in the control group with standard antenatal care and 30 in the YT group) with 27.2 (5.2) years of mean age recruited from the outpatient services of medical college and hospital in Bangalore, South India, were participated. The study was a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was measured during the 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of pregnancy. SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all data analysis. When the data were found to be normally distributed, the RMANOVA were used to assess the PSS scores between the yoga and control groups. Significant values were set at P < 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in the PSS level of the YT group with significantly reduced scores at the second follow-up (28th week of pregnancy) compared to the control group (P = 0.02). Women who took part in the YT module reported significantly fewer pregnancy discomforts decrease in PSS (P = 0.02) than the control group where the stress level was increased (RMANOVA test using SPSS-16). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the YT module can decrease the stress level during high-risk pregnancy complications. Thus, practicing YT during high-risk pregnancy is not only a cost-effective option but also a feasible and safe option. Additional well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Deshpande
- Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA University, Bangalore, India
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Raghuram N, Strickfaden H, McDonald D, Williams K, Fang H, Mizzen C, Hayes JJ, Th'ng J, Hendzel MJ. Pin1 promotes histone H1 dephosphorylation and stabilizes its binding to chromatin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 203:57-71. [PMID: 24100296 PMCID: PMC3798258 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 stimulates the dephosphorylation of histone H1, stabilizing its binding to chromatin at transcriptionally active chromatin. Histone H1 plays a crucial role in stabilizing higher order chromatin structure. Transcriptional activation, DNA replication, and chromosome condensation all require changes in chromatin structure and are correlated with the phosphorylation of histone H1. In this study, we describe a novel interaction between Pin1, a phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerase, and phosphorylated histone H1. A sub-stoichiometric amount of Pin1 stimulated the dephosphorylation of H1 in vitro and modulated the structure of the C-terminal domain of H1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Depletion of Pin1 destabilized H1 binding to chromatin only when Pin1 binding sites on H1 were present. Pin1 recruitment and localized histone H1 phosphorylation were associated with transcriptional activation independent of RNA polymerase II. We thus identify a novel form of histone H1 regulation through phosphorylation-dependent proline isomerization, which has consequences on overall H1 phosphorylation levels and the stability of H1 binding to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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Rao R, Deb U, Raghuram N, Rao NHR, Burke A, Hecht F. P02.179. Effects of an integrated yoga program on mood, perceived stress, quality of life and immune measures in HIV patients: a pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373530 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cohen L, Chandwani K, Raghuram N, Haddad R, Perkins G, Spelman A, Nagarathna R, Johnson K, Fortier A, Arun B, Wei Q, Kirschbaum C, Nagendra H. OA10.02. Yoga for women with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy (XRT): a randomized clinical trial with an active stretching control group. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373721 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Madhavi Y, Raghuram N. Pentavalent & other new combination vaccines: solutions in search of problems. Indian J Med Res 2010; 132:456-457. [PMID: 20966526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
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Corry GN, Raghuram N, Missiaen KK, Hu N, Hendzel MJ, Underhill DA. The PAX3 Paired Domain and Homeodomain Function as a Single Binding Module In Vivo to Regulate Subnuclear Localization and Mobility by a Mechanism That Requires Base-Specific Recognition. J Mol Biol 2010; 402:178-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Raghuram N, Carrero G, Stasevich TJ, McNally JG, Th'ng J, Hendzel MJ. Core histone hyperacetylation impacts cooperative behavior and high-affinity binding of histone H1 to chromatin. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4420-31. [PMID: 20411992 DOI: 10.1021/bi100296z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Linker histones stabilize higher order chromatin structures and limit access to proteins involved in DNA-dependent processes. Core histone acetylation is thought to modulate H1 binding. In the current study, we employed kinetic modeling of H1 recovery curves obtained during fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments to determine the impact of core histone acetylation on the different variants of H1. Following brief treatments with histone deacetylase inhibitor, most variants showed no change in H1 dynamics. A change in mobility was detected only when longer treatments were used to induce high levels of histone acetylation. This hyperacetylation imparted marked changes in the dynamics of low-affinity H1 population, while conferring variant-specific changes in the mobility of H1 molecules that were strongly bound. Both the C-terminal domain (CTD) and globular domain were responsible for this differential response to TSA. Furthermore, we found that neither the CTD nor the globular domain, by themselves, undergoes a change in kinetics following hyperacetylation. This led us to conclude that hyperacetylation of core histones affects the cooperative nature of low-affinity H1 binding, with some variants undergoing a predicted decrease of almost 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
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Madhavi Y, Puliyel JM, Mathew JL, Raghuram N, Phadke A, Shiva M, Srinivasan S, Paul Y, Srivastava RN, Parthasarathy A, Gupta S, Ranga U, Lakshmi VV, Joshi N, Nath I, Gulhati CM, Chatterjee P, Jain A, Priya R, Dasgupta R, Sridhar S, Dabade G, Gopakumar KM, Abrol D, Santhosh MR, Srivastava S, Visalakshi S, Bhargava A, Sarojini NB, Sehgal D, Selvaraj S, Banerji D. Evidence-based National Vaccine Policy. Indian J Med Res 2010; 131:617-628. [PMID: 20516532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
India has over a century old tradition of development and production of vaccines. The Government rightly adopted self-sufficiency in vaccine production and self-reliance in vaccine technology as its policy objectives in 1986. However, in the absence of a full-fledged vaccine policy, there have been concerns related to demand and supply, manufacture vs. import, role of public and private sectors, choice of vaccines, new and combination vaccines, universal vs. selective vaccination, routine immunization vs. special drives, cost-benefit aspects, regulatory issues, logistics etc. The need for a comprehensive and evidence based vaccine policy that enables informed decisions on all these aspects from the public health point of view brought together doctors, scientists, policy analysts, lawyers and civil society representatives to formulate this policy paper for the consideration of the Government. This paper evolved out of the first ever ICMR-NISTADS national brainstorming workshop on vaccine policy held during 4-5 June, 2009 in New Delhi, and subsequent discussions over email for several weeks, before being adopted unanimously in the present form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Madhavi
- National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, New Delhi, India
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Dabade G, Abhiyan JS, Madhavi Y, Qadeer I, Raghuram N, Chakravarthy I, De R, Shatrugna V, Ramdas S, Rao R, Lakdawala H, Shah H, Phadke A, Duggal R, Jesani A, Lingam L, Mankad D, Guha A, Gupta N, Dharmaraj D, Subhashri, Khare A, Chatterjee J. Concerns around the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. Indian J Med Ethics 2010; 7:38-41. [PMID: 20166299 DOI: 10.20529/ijme.2010.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Raghuram N, Carrero G, Th’ng J, Hendzel MJ. Molecular dynamics of histone H1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB’s 51st Annual Meeting – Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:189-206. [DOI: 10.1139/o08-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H1 family of nucleoproteins represents an important class of structural and architectural proteins that are responsible for maintaining and stabilizing higher-order chromatin structure. Essential for mammalian cell viability, they are responsible for gene-specific regulation of transcription and other DNA-dependent processes. In this review, we focus on the wealth of information gathered on the molecular kinetics of histone H1 molecules using novel imaging techniques, such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. These experiments have shed light on the effects of H1 phosphorylation and core histone acetylation in influencing chromatin structure and dynamics. We also delineate important concepts surrounding the C-terminal domain of H1, such as the intrinsic disorder hypothesis, and how it affects H1 function. Finally, we address the biochemical mechanisms behind low-affinity H1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Mathematics, Center for Science, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada
- Regional Cancer Centre, Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Gustavo Carrero
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Mathematics, Center for Science, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada
- Regional Cancer Centre, Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - John Th’ng
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Mathematics, Center for Science, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada
- Regional Cancer Centre, Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Michael J. Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Mathematics, Center for Science, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8, Canada
- Regional Cancer Centre, Medical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
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Cohen L, Chandwani K, Thornton B, Perkins G, Rivera E, Arun B, Raghuram N, Nagendra H. Randomized trial of yoga in women with breast cancer undergoing radiation treatment. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8505 Background: Yoga, an ancient Indian science, incorporates stress-reduction techniques that include regulated breathing, visual imagery, and meditation, as well as various postures that may be useful for cancer patients. Methods: A yoga program was developed that including loosening and breathing exercises, postures, alternate nostril breathing, a deep relaxation technique, and meditation for patients with breast cancer who were undergoing radiotherapy. Women participated in bi-weekly classes during their 6 weeks of radiation treatment. Sixty-one women with breast cancer were randomly assigned to either the yoga program or to a waitlist control group. Patients completed measures of intrusive thoughts and avoidance behaviors (Impact of Events Scale: IES), depressive symptoms (CES-D), sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (BFI), and quality of life (SF-36) at baseline, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after the last radiation therapy. We report on the outcomes 1 week after the end of radiotherapy. Results: The average age of the women was 52, 3% stage 0, 28% stage I, 43% stage II, and 26% stage III, 48% had undergone breast-conserving surgery, and 75% had received chemotherapy prior to starting radiotherapy. Analysis of covariance, controlling for baseline, revealed that the yoga group had significantly better SF-36 physical function scores (adjusted means: yoga 81.8 vs. control 68.6, P < 0.01), significantly higher SF-36 general health scores (adjusted means: yoga 78.3 vs. control 67.9, P < 0.03), marginally better SF-36 social functioning scores (adjusted means: yoga 85.3 vs. control 76.0, P > 0.1), significantly lower levels of sleep-related daytime dysfunction (adjusted means: yoga 0.5 vs. control 1.2, P < 0.04), and marginally lower levels of fatigue (adjusted means: yoga 1.9 vs. control 3.1, P < 0.06) than the control group. There were no other group differences on the SF-36 subscales or for the CES-D or IES scores. Conclusions: The results indicated that the yoga program was associated with statistically and clinical significant improvements in aspects of quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Cohen
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - K. Chandwani
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - B. Thornton
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - G. Perkins
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - E. Rivera
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - B. Arun
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - N. Raghuram
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
| | - H. Nagendra
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
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Bhor VM, Raghuram N, Sivakami S. Oxidative damage and altered antioxidant enzyme activities in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:89-97. [PMID: 14592535 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine exhibits numerous morphological and functional alterations during diabetes. Oxidative stress, a factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications may contribute towards some of these alterations. We therefore investigated the occurrence of oxidative stress in the small intestine during diabetes by measuring the extent of oxidative damage as well as the status of the antioxidant defense system. Significant increases in lipid peroxidation (four-fold) as measured by TBARS and protein oxidation (38%) as measured by protein carbonyl content were observed after 6 weeks of diabetes. A distinct elevation in the activities of catalase (123.9%) and superoxide dismutase (71.9%) and a decline in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (67.7%) were also observed. The steady state mRNA levels of these enzymes measured by RT-PCR were, however, unchanged suggesting the absence of transcriptional control. In contrast, no changes in the levels of protein and non-protein thiols as well as the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase were detected. Interestingly, decreases in the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO; 25.7%) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; 42.6%) indicate that they do not contribute significantly to oxidative damage. The results thus reveal the occurrence of oxidative stress in the small intestine during diabetes and suggest its possible involvement in some of the accompanying functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Bhor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
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Raghuram N, Fortenberry JD, Owens ML, Brown LA. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide and hyperoxia on lung fibroblast viability and DNA fragmentation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 262:685-91. [PMID: 10471386 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective lung repair after acute injury requires elimination of proliferating mesenchymal and inflammatory cells without inducing an acute inflammatory response or disturbing concomitant repair of lung microvasculature. Previous studies have shown that endogenous NO regulates programmed cell death in fibroblasts and can modulate wound fibroblast synthetic function. We hypothesized that exposure of human lung fibroblasts to NO gas would decrease viability and induce apoptotic cell death. Primary cultures of normal human lung fibroblasts were exposed for 4 h to room air (RA), 80% oxygen, NO (at either 20 or 50 ppm) blended with RA, or NO blended with 80% O(2), then incubated for 24 to 72 h. Cell viability was determined by fluorescence viability/cytotoxicity assay and DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay. Peroxynitrite formation was assessed using immunoblotting for S-nitrosotyrosine. NO plus O(2) induced significant cell death at 20 and 50 ppm NO when compared to either RA or O(2) alone at both 24 and 72 h (p < 0.05). Incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) or SOD + CAT significantly decreased cell death in fibroblasts treated with NO(20)/O(2) and NO(50)/O(2) compared with controls (p < 0.05). NO(20)/O(2) and NO(50)/O(2) exposure significantly increased TUNEL mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), consistent with increased DNA fragmentation, compared to RA at 24 and 72 h (p < 0.05). Antioxidants decreased MFI in cells exposed to NO(20)/O(2) (CAT and SOD + CAT) compared to controls at 24 h (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis for S-nitrosotyrosine showed increased signal intensity in fibroblasts exposed to NO at 20 and 50 ppm plus O(2) compared to RA or O(2) alone. Incubation with SOD + CAT reduced signal intensity for peroxynitrite in cells exposed to NO(20)/O(2). We conclude that NO in hyperoxic conditions induces fibroblast cell death and DNA fragmentation, which could be partially mediated by peroxynitrite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
This paper reports three lines of evidence to demonstrate the presence of heterotrimeric G-proteins in maize and their involvement in the regulation of nitrate reductase gene expression by light: (1) Southern blot analysis of maize genomic DNA using a human Ha-ras cDNA probe revealed specific bands indicating the presence of G-protein (alpha subunit) gene(s) in maize. Northern blot analysis of maize total RNA using the same probe revealed that the putative Galpha gene(s) is transcriptionally active. (2) Western blots containing purified plasma membrane proteins from maize leaves showed specific binding of gamma [35S]-labeled GTP in a red light-dependent manner, indicating the involvement of G-proteins in mediating the light signal. The size of the putative Galpha gene product (approximately 45 kDa) indicates that it may be a heterotrimeric G-protein. (3) Cholera toxin mimicked the effect of red light to enhance the transcript levels of nitrate reductase (NR), indicating that G-proteins may mediate light regulation of NR gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghuram
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, India.
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Raghuram N, Sopory SK. Roles of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ion in phytochrome regulation of nitrate reductase gene expression in maize. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1999; 47:239-49. [PMID: 10205669 DOI: 10.1080/15216549900201253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nitrate and its metabolites on the nitrate reductase (NR) gene expression and its relationship with phytochrome (Pfr) regulation of NR in etiolated maize leaves is examined. Nitrate induction and Pfr stimulation are brought about by independent signalling phenomena. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC), mimicked the effect of red light but could not replace the nitrate requirement for the induction of NR transcript accumulation. This suggests that while PKC-type enzymes may be involved in mediating the Pfr signal, nitrate may follow an independent signalling mechanism. Experiments with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and lithium ions (Li+), which are known to modulate phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, indicated that in addition to generating Pfr-induced second messengers for PKC activation, PI cycle may also generate other signals which mediate nitrate induction of NR gene expression in the dark. The products of nitrate reduction i.e., nitrite and ammonium ion had inhibitory and stimulatory effects respectively, on NR transcript accumulation. They work mainly at the level of nitrate induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghuram
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, India
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Raghuram N, Pettignano R, Gal AA, Harsch A, Adamkiewicz TV. Plastic bronchitis: an unusual complication associated with sickle cell disease and the acute chest syndrome. Pediatrics 1997; 100:139-42. [PMID: 9200374 DOI: 10.1542/peds.100.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Raghuram
- Egleston Children's Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Raghuram N, Sopory SK. Evidence for some common signal transduction events for opposite regulation of nitrate reductase and phytochrome-I gene expression by light. Plant Mol Biol 1995; 29:25-35. [PMID: 7579165 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have explored the possible involvement of the phosphoinositide (PI) cycle and protein kinase C (PKC) in the phytochrome (Pfr)-mediated light signal transduction pathway using nitrate reductase (NR) and phytochrome-I (PhyI) genes as model systems. We have shown earlier that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) completely replaces the red light effect in stimulating nitrate reductase activity and transcript levels in maize. In this paper, we present detailed evidence to show that PMA mimics the red light effect and follows similar kinetics to enhance NR steady-state transcript accumulation in a nitrate-dependent manner. We also show that PMA inhibits phyI steady-state transcript accumulation in a manner similar to red light, indicating that a PKC-type enzyme(s) may be involved in mediating the light effect in both cases. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a stimulator of PI turnover, was also found to mimic the red light effect in enhancing NR transcript levels and inhibiting phyI transcript accumulation, indicating the role of the PI cycle in generating second messengers for regulating the two genes. These results indicate that phytochrome-mediated light regulation of NR and phyI gene expression may involve certain common steps in the signal transduction pathway such as the PI cycle and protein phosphorylation by a PKC-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghuram
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Bajpai P, Sharma A, Raghuram N, Bajpai PK. Rapid production of ethanol in high concentration by immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through soya flour supplementation. Biotechnol Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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