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Arnberg M, Refseth GH, Allan IJ, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Tassara L, Sagerup K, Drivdal M, Nøst OA, Evenset A, Carlsson P. Acute and Sublethal Effects of Deltamethrin Discharges from the Aquaculture Industry on Northern Shrimp ( Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838): Dispersal Modeling and Field Investigations. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3602-3611. [PMID: 36826516 PMCID: PMC9996817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical deltamethrin (Alpha Max), used as delousing treatments in aquaculture, has raised concerns due to possible negative impacts on the marine environment. A novel approach combining different scientific disciplines has addressed this topic. Acute (mortality) and sublethal effects (i.e., fitness, neurological, immunological, and oxidative responses) of exposure of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were studied in laboratory experiments. Passive water sampling combined with sediment analyses revealed environmental concentrations. Finally, dispersal modeling was performed to predict environmental concentrations. Ecotoxicological analyses showed mortality in shrimp after 1 h of exposure to 2 ng L-1 (1000-fold dilution of treatment dose), revealing a high sensitivity to deltamethrin. Sublethal effects included induction of acetylcholinesterase and acyl CoA oxidase activities and oxidative impairment, which may be linked to neurotoxic responses. Field concentrations of 10-200 ng L-1 in water (100 m from the pens) and <LOD-0.19 ng g-1 dw in sediment (0-400 m from pens) were measured. Ecotoxicological values were compared with measured and modeled concentrations. They showed that concentrations higher than those causing mortality could be expected up to 4-5 km from point of release, in an area of 6.4 km2, with lethal concentrations remaining up to 35 h in some areas. Hence, the study demonstrates that there is a considerable risk for negative effects on the ecologically and commercially important shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Arnberg
- Akvaplan-niva, Pirsenteret, Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ian John Allan
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60 131 Ancona, Italy
- National
Future Biodiversity Center (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60 131 Ancona, Italy
- National
Future Biodiversity Center (NFBC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Tassara
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sagerup
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnus Drivdal
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Anders Nøst
- Akvaplan-niva, Pirsenteret, Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva,
Fram Centre, Hjalmar
Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pernilla Carlsson
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
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Camus L, Andrade H, Aniceto AS, Aune M, Bandara K, Basedow SL, Christensen KH, Cook J, Daase M, Dunlop K, Falk-Petersen S, Fietzek P, Fonnes G, Ghaffari P, Gramvik G, Graves I, Hayes D, Langeland T, Lura H, Marin TK, Nøst OA, Peddie D, Pederick J, Pedersen G, Sperrevik AK, Sørensen K, Tassara L, Tjøstheim S, Tverberg V, Dahle S. Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic-The Glider Project. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21206752. [PMID: 34695965 PMCID: PMC8537502 DOI: 10.3390/s21206752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective ocean management requires integrated and sustainable ocean observing systems enabling us to map and understand ecosystem properties and the effects of human activities. Autonomous subsurface and surface vehicles, here collectively referred to as “gliders”, are part of such ocean observing systems providing high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we present some of the results achieved through the project “Unmanned ocean vehicles, a flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach—GLIDER”. In this project, three autonomous surface and underwater vehicles were deployed along the Lofoten–Vesterålen (LoVe) shelf-slope-oceanic system, in Arctic Norway. The aim of this effort was to test whether gliders equipped with novel sensors could effectively perform ecosystem surveys by recording physical, biogeochemical, and biological data simultaneously. From March to September 2018, a period of high biological activity in the area, the gliders were able to record a set of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, and oxygen, map the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton, and record cetacean vocalizations and anthropogenic noise. A subset of these parameters was effectively employed in near-real-time data assimilative ocean circulation models, improving their local predictive skills. The results presented here demonstrate that autonomous gliders can be effective long-term, remote, noninvasive ecosystem monitoring and research platforms capable of operating in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Accordingly, these platforms can record high-quality baseline environmental data in areas where extractive activities are planned and provide much-needed information for operational and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Andrade
- Institute of Marine Research, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (H.A.); (K.D.)
| | - Ana Sofia Aniceto
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Bioeconomics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Magnus Aune
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Kanchana Bandara
- Faculty for Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (K.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Sünnje Linnéa Basedow
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (S.L.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Kai Håkon Christensen
- R&D Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jeremy Cook
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Malin Daase
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (S.L.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Katherine Dunlop
- Institute of Marine Research, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (H.A.); (K.D.)
| | - Stig Falk-Petersen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Peer Fietzek
- Kongsberg Maritime Germany GmbH, 22529 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gro Fonnes
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Peygham Ghaffari
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Geir Gramvik
- Kongsberg Digital, 3616 Kongsberg, Norway; (G.G.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Daniel Hayes
- Cyprus Sub Sea Consulting & Services, 2326 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Tor Langeland
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Harald Lura
- ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS, 4056 Tananger, Norway;
| | | | - Ole Anders Nøst
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | | | | | - Geir Pedersen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Ann Kristin Sperrevik
- R&D Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Kai Sørensen
- Marin Biogeochemistry and Oceanography, NIVA, 0579 Oslo, Norway; (T.K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Luca Tassara
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Vigdis Tverberg
- Faculty for Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (K.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Salve Dahle
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
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Biuw M, Nøst OA, Stien A, Zhou Q, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM. Effects of hydrographic variability on the spatial, seasonal and diel diving patterns of southern elephant seals in the eastern Weddell Sea. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13816. [PMID: 21072199 PMCID: PMC2972216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Weddell Sea hydrography and circulation is driven by influx of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at its eastern margin. Entrainment and upwelling of this high-nutrient, oxygen-depleted water mass within the Weddell Gyre also supports the mesopelagic ecosystem within the gyre and the rich benthic community along the Antarctic shelf. We used Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Satellite Relay Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) to examine the importance of hydrographic variability, ice cover and season on the movements and diving behavior of southern elephant seals in the eastern Weddell Sea region during their overwinter feeding trips from Bouvetøya. We developed a model describing diving depth as a function of local time of day to account for diel variation in diving behavior. Seals feeding in pelagic ice-free waters during the summer months displayed clear diel variation, with daytime dives reaching 500-1500 m and night-time targeting of the subsurface temperature and salinity maxima characteristic of CDW around 150–300 meters. This pattern was especially clear in the Weddell Cold and Warm Regimes within the gyre, occurred in the ACC, but was absent at the Dronning Maud Land shelf region where seals fed benthically. Diel variation was almost absent in pelagic feeding areas covered by winter sea ice, where seals targeted deep layers around 500–700 meters. Thus, elephant seals appear to switch between feeding strategies when moving between oceanic regimes or in response to seasonal environmental conditions. While they are on the shelf, they exploit the locally-rich benthic ecosystem, while diel patterns in pelagic waters in summer are probably a response to strong vertical migration patterns within the copepod-based pelagic food web. Behavioral flexibility that permits such switching between different feeding strategies may have important consequences regarding the potential for southern elephant seals to adapt to variability or systematic changes in their environment resulting from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biuw
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
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