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De Simone B, Abu-Zidan FM, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, Podda M, Gomes CA, Moore EE, Moug SJ, Ansaloni L, Kluger Y, Coccolini F, Landaluce-Olavarria A, Estraviz-Mateos B, Uriguen-Etxeberria A, Giordano A, Luna AP, Amín LAH, Hernández AMP, Shabana A, Dzulkarnaen ZA, Othman MA, Sani MI, Balla A, Scaramuzzo R, Lepiane P, Bottari A, Staderini F, Cianchi F, Cavallaro A, Zanghì A, Cappellani A, Campagnacci R, Maurizi A, Martinotti M, Ruggieri A, Jusoh AC, Rahman KA, Zulkifli ASM, Petronio B, Matías-García B, Quiroga-Valcárcel A, Mendoza-Moreno F, Atanasov B, Campanile FC, Vecchioni I, Cardinali L, Travaglini G, Sebastiani E, Chooklin S, Chuklin S, Cianci P, Restini E, Capuzzolo S, Currò G, Filippo R, Rispoli M, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Muñóz-Cruzado VD, Barbeito SD, Delibegovic S, Kesetovic A, Sasia D, Borghi F, Giraudo G, Visconti D, Doria E, Santarelli M, Luppi D, Bonilauri S, Grossi U, Zanus G, Sartori A, Piatto G, De Luca M, Vita D, Conti L, Capelli P, Cattaneo GM, Marinis A, Vederaki SA, Bayrak M, Altıntas Y, Uzunoglu MY, Demirbas IE, Altinel Y, Meric S, Aktimur YE, Uymaz DS, Omarov N, Azamat I, Lostoridis E, Nagorni EA, Pujante A, Anania G, Bombardini C, Bagolini F, Gonullu E, Mantoglu B, Capoglu R, Cappato S, Muzio E, Colak E, Polat S, Koylu ZA, Altintoprak F, Bayhan Z, Akin E, Andolfi E, Rezart S, Kim JI, Jung SW, Shin YC, Enciu O, Toma EA, Medas F, Canu GL, Cappellacci F, D’Acapito F, Ercolani G, Solaini L, Roscio F, Clerici F, Gelmini R, Serra F, Rossi EG, Fleres F, Clarizia G, Spolini A, Ferrara F, Nita G, Sarnari J, Gachabayov M, Abdullaev A, Poillucci G, Palini GM, Veneroni S, Garulli G, Piccoli M, Pattacini GC, Pecchini F, Argenio G, Armellino MF, Brisinda G, Tedesco S, Fransvea P, Ietto G, Franchi C, Carcano G, Martines G, Trigiante G, Negro G, Vega GM, González AR, Ojeda L, Piccolo G, Bondurri A, Maffioli A, Guerci C, Sin BH, Zuhdi Z, Azman A, Mousa H, al Bahri S, Augustin G, Romic I, Moric T, Nikolopoulos I, Andreuccetti J, Pignata G, D’Alessio R, Kenig J, Skorus U, Fraga GP, Hirano ES, de Lima Bertuol JV, Isik A, Kurnaz E, Asghar MS, Afzal A, Akbar A, Nikolouzakis TK, Lasithiotakis K, Chrysos E, Das K, Özer N, Seker A, Ibrahim M, Hamid HKS, Babiker A, Bouliaris K, Koukoulis G, Kolla CC, Lucchi A, Agostinelli L, Taddei A, Fortuna L, Agostini C, Licari L, Viola S, Callari C, Laface L, Abate E, Casati M, Anastasi A, Canonico G, Gabellini L, Tosi L, Guariniello A, Zanzi F, Bains L, Sydorchuk L, Iftoda O, Sydorchuk A, Malerba M, Costanzo F, Galleano R, Monteleone M, Costanzi A, Riva C, Walędziak M, Kwiatkowski A, Czyżykowski Ł, Major P, Strzałka M, Matyja M, Natkaniec M, Valenti MR, Di Vita MDP, Sotiropoulou M, Kapiris S, Massalou D, Veroux M, Volpicelli A, Gioco R, Uccelli M, Bonaldi M, Olmi S, Nardi M, Livadoti G, Mesina C, Dumitrescu TV, Ciorbagiu MC, Ammendola M, Ammerata G, Romano R, Slavchev M, Misiakos EP, Pikoulis E, Papaconstantinou D, Elbahnasawy M, Abdel-elsalam S, Felsenreich DM, Jedamzik J, Michalopoulos NV, Sidiropoulos TA, Papadoliopoulou M, Cillara N, Deserra A, Cannavera A, Negoi I, Schizas D, Syllaios A, Vagios I, Gourgiotis S, Dai N, Gurung R, Norrey M, Pesce A, Feo CV, Fabbri N, Machairas N, Dorovinis P, Keramida MD, Mulita F, Verras GI, Vailas M, Yalkin O, Iflazoglu N, Yigit D, Baraket O, Ayed K, Ghalloussi MH, Patias P, Ntokos G, Rahim R, Bala M, Kedar A, Sawyer RG, Trinh A, Miller K, Sydorchuk R, Knut R, Plehutsa O, Liman RK, Ozkan Z, Kader SA, Gupta S, Gureh M, Saeidi S, Aliakbarian M, Dalili A, Shoko T, Kojima M, Nakamoto R, Atici SD, Tuncer GK, Kaya T, Delis SG, Rossi S, Picardi B, del Monte SR, Triantafyllou T, Theodorou D, Pintar T, Salobir J, Manatakis DK, Tasis N, Acheimastos V, Ioannidis O, Loutzidou L, Symeonidis S, de Sá TC, Rocha M, Guagni T, Pantalone D, Maltinti G, Khokha V, Abdel-elsalam W, Ghoneim B, López-Ruiz JA, Kara Y, Zainudin S, Hayati F, Azizan N, Khei VTP, Yi RCX, Sellappan H, Demetrashvili Z, Lekiashvili N, Tvaladze A, Froiio C, Bernardi D, Bonavina L, Gil-Olarte A, Grassia S, Romero-Vargas E, Bianco F, Gumbs AA, Dogjani A, Agresta F, Litvin A, Balogh ZJ, Gendrikson G, Martino C, Damaskos D, Pararas N, Kirkpatrick A, Kurtenkov M, Gomes FC, Pisanu A, Nardello O, Gambarini F, Aref H, Angelis ND, Agnoletti V, Biondi A, Vacante M, Griggio G, Tutino R, Massani M, Bisetto G, Occhionorelli S, Andreotti D, Lacavalla D, Biffl WL, Catena F. The ChoCO-W prospective observational global study: Does COVID-19 increase gangrenous cholecystitis? World J Emerg Surg 2022; 17:61. [PMID: 36527038 PMCID: PMC9755784 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of the highly morbid and potentially lethal gangrenous cholecystitis was reportedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the ChoCO-W study was to compare the clinical findings and outcomes of acute cholecystitis in patients who had COVID-19 disease with those who did not. METHODS Data were prospectively collected over 6 months (October 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021) with 1-month follow-up. In October 2020, Delta variant of SARS CoV-2 was isolated for the first time. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and reported according to the STROBE guidelines. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who had COVID-19 were compared with those who did not. RESULTS A total of 2893 patients, from 42 countries, 218 centers, involved, with a median age of 61.3 (SD: 17.39) years were prospectively enrolled in this study; 1481 (51%) patients were males. One hundred and eighty (6.9%) patients were COVID-19 positive, while 2412 (93.1%) were negative. Concomitant preexisting diseases including cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.0001), diabetes (p < 0.0001), and severe chronic obstructive airway disease (p = 0.005) were significantly more frequent in the COVID-19 group. Markers of sepsis severity including ARDS (p < 0.0001), PIPAS score (p < 0.0001), WSES sepsis score (p < 0.0001), qSOFA (p < 0.0001), and Tokyo classification of severity of acute cholecystitis (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 group had significantly higher postoperative complications (32.2% compared with 11.7%, p < 0.0001), longer mean hospital stay (13.21 compared with 6.51 days, p < 0.0001), and mortality rate (13.4% compared with 1.7%, p < 0.0001). The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis was doubled in the COVID-19 group (40.7% compared with 22.3%). The mean wall thickness of the gallbladder was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group [6.32 (SD: 2.44) mm compared with 5.4 (SD: 3.45) mm; p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis is higher in COVID patients compared with non-COVID patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. Gangrenous cholecystitis in COVID patients is associated with high-grade Clavien-Dindo postoperative complications, longer hospital stay and higher mortality rate. The open cholecystectomy rate is higher in COVID compared with non -COVID patients. It is recommended to delay the surgical treatment in COVID patients, when it is possible, to decrease morbidity and mortality rates. COVID-19 infection and gangrenous cholecystistis are not absolute contraindications to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a case by case evaluation, in expert hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda De Simone
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666The Research Office, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates., United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Elie Chouillard
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria del Soccorso Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of General Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mauro Podda
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciência Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- grid.239638.50000 0001 0369 638XErnest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Susan J. Moug
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Department of General Surgery, The Rambam Academic Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Federico Coccolini
- grid.144189.10000 0004 1756 8209Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessio Giordano
- General Surgery Unit ASL Toscana Centro, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Shabana
- grid.8348.70000 0001 2306 7492Emergency Surgery Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Othman
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ikhwan Sani
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Andrea Balla
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Scaramuzzo
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Lepiane
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottari
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Staderini
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallaro
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghì
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cappellani
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Angela Maurizi
- U.O.C. of General Surgery, “Carlo Urbani” Hospital, Jesi, AN Italy
| | | | | | - Asri Che Jusoh
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Karim Abdul Rahman
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Anis Suraya M. Zulkifli
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Barbara Petronio
- Chirurgia Generale e Mininvasiva, San Polo Monfalcone, Monfalcone, GO Italy
| | - Belén Matías-García
- grid.411336.20000 0004 1765 5855Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Quiroga-Valcárcel
- grid.411336.20000 0004 1765 5855Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Moreno
- grid.411336.20000 0004 1765 5855Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Boyko Atanasov
- grid.35371.330000 0001 0726 0380RIMU, Medical University of Plovdiv, UMHAT Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ilaria Vecchioni
- Ospedale San Giovanni Decollato Andosilla – ASL, Civita Castellana, Viterbo, VT Italy
| | - Luca Cardinali
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | - Grazia Travaglini
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | - Elisa Sebastiani
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Cianci
- grid.416083.80000 0004 1768 5712Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, ASL BAT, Andria, Puglia Italy
| | - Enrico Restini
- grid.416083.80000 0004 1768 5712Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, ASL BAT, Andria, Puglia Italy
| | - Sabino Capuzzolo
- grid.416083.80000 0004 1768 5712Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, ASL BAT, Andria, Puglia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Rosalinda Filippo
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Michele Rispoli
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Daniel Aparicio-Sánchez
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Dios Barbeito
- grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Samir Delibegovic
- grid.412410.20000 0001 0682 9061Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amar Kesetovic
- grid.412410.20000 0001 0682 9061Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Diego Sasia
- grid.413179.90000 0004 0486 1959Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Felice Borghi
- grid.413179.90000 0004 0486 1959Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giraudo
- grid.413179.90000 0004 0486 1959Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Diego Visconti
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Doria
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Santarelli
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Luppi
- General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN IRCCS REGGIO EMILIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonilauri
- General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN IRCCS REGGIO EMILIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ugo Grossi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zanus
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Alberto Sartori
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Piatto
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Luca
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Domenico Vita
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Luigi Conti
- grid.476050.0Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Patrizio Capelli
- grid.476050.0Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria Cattaneo
- grid.476050.0Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Athanasios Marinis
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 6596Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki, Third Department of Surgery, “Tzaneio” General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 6596Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki, Third Department of Surgery, “Tzaneio” General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Mehmet Bayrak
- Mehmet Bayrak, Clinic for Surgery, Private Ortadogu Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yuksel Altinel
- grid.488643.50000 0004 5894 3909Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Meric
- grid.488643.50000 0004 5894 3909Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Aktimur
- grid.488643.50000 0004 5894 3909Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Salim Uymaz
- grid.15876.3d0000000106887552General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nail Omarov
- grid.15876.3d0000000106887552General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Azamat
- grid.15876.3d0000000106887552General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eftychios Lostoridis
- grid.513828.50000 0004 0623 027X1St Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece
| | - Eleni-Aikaterini Nagorni
- grid.513828.50000 0004 0623 027X1St Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece
| | - Antonio Pujante
- grid.513828.50000 0004 0623 027X1St Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece
| | - Gabriele Anania
- grid.416315.4UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bombardini
- grid.416315.4UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagolini
- grid.416315.4UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emre Gonullu
- grid.459902.30000 0004 0386 5536Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Baris Mantoglu
- grid.459902.30000 0004 0386 5536Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Recayi Capoglu
- grid.459902.30000 0004 0386 5536Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Stefano Cappato
- Department of General Surgery ASL 4, Lavagna Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Muzio
- Department of General Surgery ASL 4, Lavagna Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elif Colak
- grid.510471.60000 0004 7684 9991Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Polat
- grid.510471.60000 0004 7684 9991Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zehra Alan Koylu
- grid.510471.60000 0004 7684 9991Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Altintoprak
- grid.49746.380000 0001 0682 3030Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Zülfü Bayhan
- grid.49746.380000 0001 0682 3030Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Emrah Akin
- grid.49746.380000 0001 0682 3030Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Enrico Andolfi
- grid.416351.40000 0004 1789 6237General and Emergency Surgery Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Sulce Rezart
- grid.416351.40000 0004 1789 6237General and Emergency Surgery Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Jae Il Kim
- grid.411633.20000 0004 0371 8173Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Jung
- grid.411633.20000 0004 0371 8173Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Shin
- grid.411633.20000 0004 0371 8173Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Octavian Enciu
- grid.8194.40000 0000 9828 7548Elias University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Adelina Toma
- grid.8194.40000 0000 9828 7548Elias University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Fabio Medas
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Cappellacci
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D’Acapito
- grid.415079.e0000 0004 1759 989XGeneral and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- grid.415079.e0000 0004 1759 989XGeneral and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- grid.415079.e0000 0004 1759 989XGeneral and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Gelmini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Serra
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Giulia Rossi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Fleres
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Clarizia
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spolini
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- grid.414126.40000 0004 1760 1507Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriela Nita
- grid.458453.b0000 0004 1756 7652AUSL Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Castelnuovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jlenia Sarnari
- grid.458453.b0000 0004 1756 7652AUSL Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Castelnuovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Abakar Abdullaev
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia
| | | | - Gian Marco Palini
- grid.414614.2Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Simone Veneroni
- grid.414614.2Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gianluca Garulli
- grid.414614.2Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Micaela Piccoli
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecchini
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Argenio
- UOC Chirurgia d’Urgenza, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Brisinda
- grid.414603.4Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tedesco
- grid.414603.4Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Fransvea
- grid.414603.4Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Caterina Franchi
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gennaro Martines
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trigiante
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Negro
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Gustavo Machain Vega
- grid.412213.70000 0001 2289 5077Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Agustín Rodríguez González
- grid.412213.70000 0001 2289 5077Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Leonardo Ojeda
- grid.412213.70000 0001 2289 5077Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Gaetano Piccolo
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Unit of HepatoBilioPancreatic and Digestive Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bondurri
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maffioli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Guerci
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Boo Han Sin
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zuhdi
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlanudin Azman
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hussam Mousa
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666College of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Shadi al Bahri
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666College of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Goran Augustin
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Romic
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Moric
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jacopo Andreuccetti
- grid.412725.72nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giusto Pignata
- grid.412725.72nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella D’Alessio
- grid.412725.72nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jakub Kenig
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Oncologic Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Skorus
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Oncologic Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gustavo Pereira Fraga
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elcio Shiyoiti Hirano
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Arda Isik
- grid.412176.70000 0001 1498 7262School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Eray Kurnaz
- grid.412176.70000 0001 1498 7262School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Ameer Afzal
- grid.412129.d0000 0004 0608 7688King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- grid.412129.d0000 0004 0608 7688King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Konstantinos Lasithiotakis
- grid.412481.a0000 0004 0576 5678Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- grid.412481.a0000 0004 0576 5678Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Koray Das
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Özer
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Seker
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Bouliaris
- Surgical Department, Koutlimbaneio and Triantafylleio General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa, Greece
| | - George Koukoulis
- Surgical Department, Koutlimbaneio and Triantafylleio General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Lucchi
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale “Ceccarini” Riccione, Riccione, Italy
| | - Laura Agostinelli
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale “Ceccarini” Riccione, Riccione, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Fortuna
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Agostini
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Leo Licari
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffré 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Viola
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cosimo Callari
- Department of Surgery, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital, Via Messina Marine, 197, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Laface
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Abate
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Casati
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | | | | | - Linda Gabellini
- Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale San Giovanni Di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tosi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Residency Program in General Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Guariniello
- grid.415207.50000 0004 1760 3756Section of Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federico Zanzi
- grid.415207.50000 0004 1760 3756Section of Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Lovenish Bains
- grid.414698.60000 0004 1767 743XDepartment of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002 India
| | - Larysa Sydorchuk
- grid.445372.30000 0004 4906 2392Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Iftoda
- grid.445372.30000 0004 4906 2392Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Sydorchuk
- grid.445372.30000 0004 4906 2392Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Michela Monteleone
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Andrea Costanzi
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Carlo Riva
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maciej Walędziak
- grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kwiatkowski
- grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Czyżykowski
- grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Strzałka
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Matyja
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Natkaniec
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rosaria Valenti
- U.O. General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “Policlinico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sotiropoulou
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 43293Rd Surgical Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kapiris
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 43293Rd Surgical Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Damien Massalou
- grid.410528.a0000 0001 2322 4179Department of Emergency Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Rossella Gioco
- General Surgery, Azienda Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Uccelli
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Marta Bonaldi
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Stefano Olmi
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Matteo Nardi
- San Giovanni Calibita Hospital- Fondazione Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Livadoti
- San Giovanni Calibita Hospital- Fondazione Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Mesina
- grid.452359.c0000 0004 4690 999XDepartment of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Theodor Viorel Dumitrescu
- grid.452359.c0000 0004 4690 999XDepartment of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai Calin Ciorbagiu
- grid.452359.c0000 0004 4690 999XDepartment of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Michele Ammendola
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Giorgio Ammerata
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Roberto Romano
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Mihail Slavchev
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Evangelos P. Misiakos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08003Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08003Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papaconstantinou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08003Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Elbahnasawy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Emergency Medicine and Traumatology Department, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abdel-elsalam
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Daniel M. Felsenreich
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Jedamzik
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08004Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros A. Sidiropoulos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08004Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadoliopoulou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08004Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Cillara
- grid.459832.1Surgery Department, Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonello Deserra
- grid.459832.1Surgery Department, Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Ionuţ Negoi
- grid.8194.40000 0000 9828 7548General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- grid.411565.20000 0004 0621 2848First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- grid.411565.20000 0004 0621 2848First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vagios
- grid.411565.20000 0004 0621 2848First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Gourgiotis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Dai
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rekha Gurung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus Norrey
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Pesce
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Vittorio Feo
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicolo’ Fabbri
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08002Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dorovinis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08002Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto D. Keramida
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 08002Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesk Mulita
- grid.412458.eDepartment of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Michail Vailas
- grid.412458.eDepartment of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Omer Yalkin
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nidal Iflazoglu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Direnc Yigit
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Oussama Baraket
- grid.265234.40000 0001 2177 9066Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ayed
- grid.265234.40000 0001 2177 9066Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed hedi Ghalloussi
- grid.265234.40000 0001 2177 9066Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Parmenion Patias
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 65962nd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G.Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Ntokos
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 65962nd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G.Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Razrim Rahim
- grid.462995.50000 0001 2218 9236Department of Surgery, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Miklosh Bala
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Department of General Surgery and Trauma, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Kedar
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Department of General Surgery and Trauma, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert G. Sawyer
- grid.268187.20000 0001 0672 1122Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Anna Trinh
- grid.268187.20000 0001 0672 1122Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Kelsey Miller
- grid.268187.20000 0001 0672 1122Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | | | - Ruslan Knut
- Regional Emergency Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Zeynep Ozkan
- General Surgery Clinic, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Saleh Abdel Kader
- Egypt and NMC Specialty Hospital Al Ain, Ain Shams University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- grid.413220.60000 0004 1767 2831Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Gureh
- grid.413220.60000 0004 1767 2831Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sara Saeidi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Dalili
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tomohisa Shoko
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Kojima
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raira Nakamoto
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Semra Demirli Atici
- grid.414882.30000 0004 0643 0132Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kilinc Tuncer
- grid.414882.30000 0004 0643 0132Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Kaya
- grid.414882.30000 0004 0643 0132Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Stefano Rossi
- grid.416357.2Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Picardi
- grid.416357.2Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi del Monte
- grid.416357.2Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Triantafyllou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Theodorou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- grid.29524.380000 0004 0571 7705Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Salobir
- grid.29524.380000 0004 0571 7705Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrios K. Manatakis
- grid.414025.60000 0004 0638 8093Vasileios Acheimastos, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tasis
- grid.414025.60000 0004 0638 8093Vasileios Acheimastos, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Acheimastos
- grid.414025.60000 0004 0638 8093Vasileios Acheimastos, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Orestis Ioannidis
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 65964Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lydia Loutzidou
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 65964Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Symeonidis
- grid.414012.20000 0004 0622 65964Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tiago Correia de Sá
- grid.466592.aGeneral Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Do Tâmega e Sousa Penafiel, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Mónica Rocha
- grid.466592.aGeneral Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Do Tâmega e Sousa Penafiel, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Tommaso Guagni
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gherardo Maltinti
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Wafaa Abdel-elsalam
- grid.411978.20000 0004 0578 3577Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Basma Ghoneim
- grid.411978.20000 0004 0578 3577Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - José Antonio López-Ruiz
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XAngeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Yasin Kara
- grid.414850.c0000 0004 0642 8921General Surgery Clinic Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Syaza Zainudin
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nornazirah Azizan
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Victoria Tan Phooi Khei
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca Choy Xin Yi
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Harivinthan Sellappan
- grid.265727.30000 0001 0417 0814Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Ana Tvaladze
- N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Caterina Froiio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bernardi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angeles Gil-Olarte
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XAngeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Grassia
- General Surgery Unit, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Estela Romero-Vargas
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XAngeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Francesco Bianco
- General Surgery Unit, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrew A. Gumbs
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Agron Dogjani
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ferdinando Agresta
- Department of General Surgery, AULSS2 Trevigiana del Veneto, Ospedale di Vittorio Veneto, Vittorio Veneto, TV Italy
| | - Andrey Litvin
- grid.410686.d0000 0001 1018 9204Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Zsolt J. Balogh
- grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - George Gendrikson
- grid.410686.d0000 0001 1018 9204Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Costanza Martino
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Umberto I Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Lugo, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Damaskos
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikolaos Pararas
- grid.411335.10000 0004 1758 7207Department of General Surgery, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Kirkpatrick
- grid.414959.40000 0004 0469 2139General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Mikhail Kurtenkov
- grid.410686.d0000 0001 1018 9204Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Felipe Couto Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciência Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Pisanu
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oreste Nardello
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Hager Aref
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Nicola de’ Angelis
- grid.412116.10000 0004 1799 3934Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery, CARE Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Vanni Agnoletti
- grid.414682.d0000 0004 1758 8744Department of General and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vacante
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Griggio
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Tutino
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Chirurgia 1; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche , Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DI.CHIR.ON.S), Ospedale “Ca’Foncell”; Univerità degli studi di Palermo, Treviso; Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Massani
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Chirurgia 1; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche , Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DI.CHIR.ON.S), Ospedale “Ca’Foncell”; Univerità degli studi di Palermo, Treviso; Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bisetto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologica (DI.SC.O.G.), Chirurgia 1-Ospedale “Ca Foncello”- Treviso, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Savino Occhionorelli
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dario Andreotti
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Lacavalla
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Walter L. Biffl
- grid.415401.5Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Fausto Catena
- grid.414682.d0000 0004 1758 8744Department of General and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
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Sartelli M, Abu-Zidan FM, Labricciosa FM, Kluger Y, Coccolini F, Ansaloni L, Leppäniemi A, Kirkpatrick AW, Tolonen M, Tranà C, Regimbeau JM, Hardcastle T, Koshy RM, Abbas A, Aday U, Adesunkanmi ARK, Ajibade A, Akhmeteli L, Akın E, Akkapulu N, Alotaibi A, Altintoprak F, Anyfantakis D, Atanasov B, Augustin G, Azevedo C, Bala M, Balalis D, Baraket O, Baral S, Barkai O, Beltran M, Bini R, Bouliaris K, Caballero AB, Calu V, Catani M, Ceresoli M, Charalampakis V, Jusoh AC, Chiarugi M, Cillara N, Cuesta RC, Cobuccio L, Cocorullo G, Colak E, Conti L, Cui Y, De Simone B, Delibegovic S, Demetrashvili Z, Demetriades D, Dimova A, Dogjani A, Enani M, Farina F, Ferrara F, Foghetti D, Fontana T, Fraga GP, Gachabayov M, Gérard G, Ghnnam W, Maurel TG, Gkiokas G, Gomes CA, Guner A, Gupta S, Hecker A, Hirano ES, Hodonou A, Hutan M, Ilaschuk I, Ioannidis O, Isik A, Ivakhov G, Jain S, Jokubauskas M, Karamarkovic A, Kaushik R, Kenig J, Khokha V, Khokha D, Kim JI, Kong V, Korkolis D, Kruger VF, Kshirsagar A, Simões RL, Lanaia A, Lasithiotakis K, Leão P, Arellano ML, Listle H, Litvin A, Lizarazu Pérez A, Lopez-Tomassetti Fernandez E, Lostoridis E, Luppi D, Machain V GM, Major P, Manatakis D, Reitz MM, Marinis A, Marrelli D, Martínez-Pérez A, Marwah S, McFarlane M, Mesic M, Mesina C, Michalopoulos N, Misiakos E, Moreira FG, Mouaqit O, Muhtaroglu A, Naidoo N, Negoi I, Nikitina Z, Nikolopoulos I, Nita GE, Occhionorelli S, Olaoye I, Ordoñez CA, Ozkan Z, Pal A, Palini GM, Papageorgiou K, Papagoras D, Pata F, Pędziwiatr M, Pereira J, Pereira Junior GA, Perrone G, Pintar T, Pisarska M, Plehutsa O, Podda M, Poillucci G, Quiodettis M, Rahim T, Rios-Cruz D, Rodrigues G, Rozov D, Sakakushev B, Sall I, Sazhin A, Semião M, Sharda T, Shelat V, Sinibaldi G, Skicko D, Skrovina M, Stamatiou D, Stella M, Strzałka M, Sydorchuk R, Teixeira Gonsaga RA, Tochie JN, Tomadze G, Ugoletti L, Ulrych J, Ümarik T, Uzunoglu MY, Vasilescu A, Vaz O, Vereczkei A, Vlad N, Walędziak M, Yahya AI, Yalkin O, Yilmaz TU, Ünal AE, Yuan KC, Zachariah SK, Žilinskas J, Zizzo M, Pattonieri V, Baiocchi GL, Catena F. Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study. World J Emerg Surg 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31341511 PMCID: PMC6631509 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-019-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted. METHODS This worldwide multicentre observational study included 153 surgical departments across 56 countries over a 4-month study period between February 1, 2018, and May 31, 2018. RESULTS A total of 3137 patients were included, with 1815 (57.9%) men and 1322 (42.1%) women, with a median age of 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 28-66). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 8.9%, with a median length of stay of 6 days (IQR 4-10). Using multivariable logistic regression, independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified: age > 80 years, malignancy, severe cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney disease, respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg, AVPU responsiveness scale (voice and unresponsive), blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) < 90% in air, platelet count < 50,000 cells/mm3, and lactate > 4 mmol/l. These variables were used to create the PIPAS Severity Score, a bedside early warning score for patients with acute peritonitis. The overall mortality was 2.9% for patients who had scores of 0-1, 22.7% for those who had scores of 2-3, 46.8% for those who had scores of 4-5, and 86.7% for those who have scores of 7-8. CONCLUSIONS The simple PIPAS Severity Score can be used on a global level and can help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for treatment failure and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
- 0000 0001 2193 6666grid.43519.3aDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Yoram Kluger
- 0000 0000 9950 8111grid.413731.3Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Federico Coccolini
- 0000 0004 1758 8744grid.414682.dDepartment of Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- 0000 0004 1758 8744grid.414682.dDepartment of Emergency Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ari Leppäniemi
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Abdominal Center, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew W. Kirkpatrick
- 0000 0004 0469 2139grid.414959.4General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Matti Tolonen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Abdominal Center, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristian Tranà
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- 0000 0004 0593 702Xgrid.134996.0Department of Digestive Surgery and SSPC Research Unit, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Timothy Hardcastle
- 0000 0001 0723 4123grid.16463.36Department of Trauma ICU, IALCH, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Renol M. Koshy
- 0000 0004 0400 5079grid.412570.5Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Ashraf Abbas
- 0000000103426662grid.10251.37Department of Surgery, Mansoura University and Emergency Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ulaş Aday
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - A. R. K. Adesunkanmi
- 0000 0001 2183 9444grid.10824.3fDepartment of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adesina Ajibade
- 0000 0001 0583 749Xgrid.411274.5Department of Surgery, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Lali Akhmeteli
- 0000 0004 0428 8304grid.412274.6Department of Surgery, TSMU First University Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Emrah Akın
- 0000 0001 0682 3030grid.49746.38Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Research and Educational Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nezih Akkapulu
- 0000 0004 0642 1084grid.411920.fDepartment of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alhenouf Alotaibi
- 0000 0004 0593 1832grid.415277.2Department of Surgical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatih Altintoprak
- Department of General Surgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Boyko Atanasov
- 0000 0001 0726 0380grid.35371.33Surgical Department, UMHAT “Eurohospital”, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Goran Augustin
- 0000 0004 0397 9648grid.412688.1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Constança Azevedo
- Cirurgia Geral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário da Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Miklosh Bala
- 0000 0001 2221 2926grid.17788.31Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Balalis
- Department of Surgery, Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Suman Baral
- Department of Surgery, Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital Ltd., Tansen, Palpa Nepal
| | - Or Barkai
- 0000 0000 9950 8111grid.413731.3Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcelo Beltran
- Department of Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Roberto Bini
- Emergency and General Surgery, SG Bosco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ana B. Caballero
- 0000 0004 0465 2778grid.461067.2General Surgery, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama
| | - Valentin Calu
- Department of Surgery, Elias Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marco Catani
- grid.417007.5Dipartimento Emergenza e Accettazione, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Ceresoli
- 0000 0004 1756 8604grid.415025.7Department of General and Emergency Surgery, ASST Monza - Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Vasileios Charalampakis
- 0000 0004 0478 4463grid.440196.eGeneral Surgery, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Asri Che Jusoh
- Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Malaysia
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- 0000 0004 1756 8209grid.144189.1U.O. Chirurgia d’Urgenza Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Cillara
- grid.459832.1U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale, PO Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Raquel Cobos Cuesta
- 0000 0004 1771 208Xgrid.418878.aUGC Cirugía General, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Luigi Cobuccio
- 0000 0004 1756 8209grid.144189.1U.O. Chirurgia d’Urgenza Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cocorullo
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Universitario Palermo “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elif Colak
- General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Luigi Conti
- Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- grid.417036.7Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Belinda De Simone
- Chirurgie Viscerale et d’Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Regional de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Samir Delibegovic
- 0000 0001 0682 9061grid.412410.2Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zaza Demetrashvili
- Department of Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Demetrios Demetriades
- 0000 0001 0084 1895grid.411409.9Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ana Dimova
- 0000 0004 0397 9648grid.412688.1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Agron Dogjani
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | - Mushira Enani
- 0000 0004 0593 1832grid.415277.2Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federica Farina
- 0000 0004 0625 0318grid.459640.aChirurgia Generale, Ospedale Versilia, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- grid.414126.4Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Domitilla Foghetti
- grid.415103.2Department of General Surgery, San Salvatore, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fontana
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Universitario Palermo “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gustavo P. Fraga
- 0000 0001 0723 2494grid.411087.bDivision of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Grelpois Gérard
- 0000 0004 0593 702Xgrid.134996.0Department of Surgery, University hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Wagih Ghnnam
- grid.469958.fDepartment of General Surgery, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Teresa Giménez Maurel
- 0000 0000 9854 2756grid.411106.3Department of General Surgery, Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Georgios Gkiokas
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.02nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos A. Gomes
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ali Guner
- 0000 0001 2186 0630grid.31564.35Department of General Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- 0000 0004 1767 2831grid.413220.6Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Andreas Hecker
- 0000 0000 8584 9230grid.411067.5Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elcio S. Hirano
- 0000 0001 0723 2494grid.411087.bDivision of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adrien Hodonou
- Department of General Surgery, University and Regional Hospital Center of Borgou, Parakou, Republic of Benin
| | - Martin Hutan
- Chirurgische Abteilung, Landesklinikum Hainburg, Hainburg an der Donau, Austria
| | - Igor Ilaschuk
- Intensive Care Unit, Chernivtsi City Emergency Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Orestis Ioannidis
- 0000000109457005grid.4793.94th Surgical Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “G. Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Arda Isik
- 0000 0001 1498 7262grid.412176.7Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Georgy Ivakhov
- 0000 0000 9559 0613grid.78028.35Department of Faculty Surgery #1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sumita Jain
- grid.416065.0Department of Surgery, SMS Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Mantas Jokubauskas
- 0000 0004 0575 8750grid.48349.32Department of Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandar Karamarkovic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center “Zvezdara”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robin Kaushik
- 0000 0004 1767 2831grid.413220.6Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jakub Kenig
- 0000 0001 2162 9631grid.5522.0Department of General, Oncologic and Geriatric Surgery, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Vladimir Khokha
- Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus
| | - Denis Khokha
- Department of Vascular Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus
| | - Jae Il Kim
- 0000 0004 0371 8173grid.411633.2Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Kong
- 0000 0004 0576 7753grid.414386.cTrauma and Acute Care Surgery, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Dimitris Korkolis
- Department of Surgery, Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vitor F. Kruger
- 0000 0001 0723 2494grid.411087.bDivision of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ashok Kshirsagar
- Department of Surgery, Krishna Hospital and Medical Research University Karad, Karad, India
| | - Romeo Lages Simões
- Departament of General Surgery, Hospital Municipal de Governador Valadares, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lanaia
- Chirurgia d’Urgenza, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Pedro Leão
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Cirurgia Geral, Hospital de Braga, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, ICVS/3Bs, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel León Arellano
- grid.419651.eGeneral and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Holger Listle
- 0000 0000 9116 8976grid.412469.cGeneral, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrey Litvin
- 0000 0001 1018 9204grid.410686.dDepartment of Surgical Disciplines, Regional Clinical Hospital, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Aintzane Lizarazu Pérez
- grid.414651.3Cirugía general y del aparato digestivo, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | | | | | - Davide Luppi
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gustavo M. Machain V
- 0000 0001 2289 5077grid.412213.7II Catedra de Clinica Quirúrgica, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Piotr Major
- 0000 0001 2162 9631grid.5522.02nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dimitrios Manatakis
- 0000 0004 0638 8093grid.414025.6Department of Surgery, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianne Marchini Reitz
- 0000 0001 0084 1895grid.411409.9Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Athanasios Marinis
- grid.417374.2First Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- 0000 0004 1757 4641grid.9024.fDepartment of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Aleix Martínez-Pérez
- 0000 0004 1770 9825grid.411289.7Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sanjay Marwah
- 0000 0004 1771 1642grid.412572.7Department of General Surgery, Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Michael McFarlane
- 0000 0004 0500 5353grid.412963.bDepartment of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Mirza Mesic
- 0000 0001 0682 9061grid.412410.2Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristian Mesina
- grid.452359.cSecond Surgical Clinic, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Nickos Michalopoulos
- 0000 0004 0576 4544grid.411222.63rd Department of Surgery, Ahepa University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Misiakos
- 0000 0004 0622 4662grid.411449.d3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Moreira
- Departament of General Surgery, Hospital Municipal de Governador Valadares, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ouadii Mouaqit
- grid.412817.9Department of Surgery, Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ali Muhtaroglu
- 0000 0001 0682 3030grid.49746.38Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Research and Educational Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Noel Naidoo
- Department of Specialist Surgery, Port Shepstone Regional Hospital, Port Shepstone, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ionut Negoi
- General Surgery Department, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zane Nikitina
- 0000 0004 0375 2558grid.488518.8Toxicology and Sepsis, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ioannis Nikolopoulos
- grid.439484.6Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gabriela-Elisa Nita
- grid.458453.bChirurgia generale, Sant’Anna (AUSL Reggio Emilia), Castelnovo ne’ Monti, Italy
| | | | - Iyiade Olaoye
- 0000 0000 8878 5287grid.412975.cDepartment of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Carlos A. Ordoñez
- 0000 0001 2295 7397grid.8271.cDepartment of Surgery, Fundacion Valle del Lili - Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Zeynep Ozkan
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ajay Pal
- 0000 0004 0645 6578grid.411275.4Department of Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Gian M. Palini
- grid.414614.2Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza, Ospedale Infermi, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Dimitris Papagoras
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Trikala, Trikala, Greece
| | - Francesco Pata
- Department of Surgery, Sant’Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate, Italy
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 0000 0001 1216 0093grid.412700.0Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jorge Pereira
- 0000 0004 5914 1131grid.489946.eCirurgia Geral, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Gennaro Perrone
- Chirurgia d’Urgenza – Dipartimento Urgenza/Emergenza, AOU Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- 0000 0004 0571 7705grid.29524.38Department of Abdominal Surgery, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Pisarska
- 0000 0001 1216 0093grid.412700.0Department of Endoscopic, Metabolic and Soft Tissue Tumors Surgery, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Plehutsa
- Surgery Department, Chernivtsi City Emergency Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Mauro Podda
- Department of General, Emergency and Robotic Surgery, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy
| | | | - Martha Quiodettis
- 0000 0004 0465 2778grid.461067.2Department of Surgery/Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama, Panama
| | - Tuba Rahim
- 0000 0001 0723 4123grid.16463.36Department of Trauma ICU, IALCH, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel Rios-Cruz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, HGR1 IMSS, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues
- 0000 0001 0571 5193grid.411639.8Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dmytry Rozov
- 0000 0000 9950 8111grid.413731.3Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- 0000 0001 1014 775Xgrid.11187.3eFirst Clinic of General Surgery, University Hospital St George/Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ibrahima Sall
- grid.414281.aChirurgie Générale et Viscérale, Hôpital d’instruction des Armées, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alexander Sazhin
- 0000 0000 9559 0613grid.78028.35Department of Faculty Surgery #1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miguel Semião
- Cirurgia Geral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário da Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Taanya Sharda
- 0000 0004 1767 2831grid.413220.6Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Shelat
- grid.240988.fDepartment of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giovanni Sinibaldi
- Department of Surgery, Fatebbenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Dmitrijs Skicko
- 0000 0004 0375 2558grid.488518.8Department of Surgery (Department No. 10), Riga East Clinical University Hospital “Gaiļezers”, Riga, Latvia
| | - Matej Skrovina
- Department of Surgery, Hospital and Oncological Centre Novy Jicin, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitrios Stamatiou
- 0000 0004 0399 7344grid.413964.dGeneral Surgery, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marco Stella
- grid.414126.4Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcin Strzałka
- 0000 0001 2162 9631grid.5522.0Department of General Surgery, Polytrauma and Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of the Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruslan Sydorchuk
- 0000 0004 4906 2392grid.445372.3General Surgery Department, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | - Joel Noutakdie Tochie
- 0000 0001 2173 8504grid.412661.6Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon and Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gia Tomadze
- 0000 0004 0428 8304grid.412274.6Surgery Department, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lara Ugoletti
- Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jan Ulrych
- 0000 0000 9100 9940grid.411798.2First Department of Surgery, Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Toomas Ümarik
- 0000 0004 0631 377Xgrid.454953.aUpper Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery Department, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Alin Vasilescu
- First Surgical Unit, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital Iasi, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
| | - Osborne Vaz
- 0000 0004 0641 2823grid.419319.7Renal Transplant and General Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Andras Vereczkei
- 0000 0001 0663 9479grid.9679.1Department of Surgery, Clinical Center University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nutu Vlad
- First Surgical Unit, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital Iasi, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maciej Walędziak
- 0000 0004 0620 0839grid.415641.3Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ali I. Yahya
- Department of Surgey, Zliten Teaching Hospital, Zliten, Libya
| | - Omer Yalkin
- 0000000109409118grid.7256.6Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tonguç U. Yilmaz
- grid.488402.2Transplantation Unıt, Acibadem Atakent Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Ünal
- 0000000109409118grid.7256.6Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- 0000 0004 0639 0994grid.412897.1Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sanoop K. Zachariah
- 0000 0004 1766 361Xgrid.464618.9Department of Surgery, Mosc Medical College, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
| | - Justas Žilinskas
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center “Zvezdara”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pattonieri
- grid.411482.aEmergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Baiocchi
- 0000000417571846grid.7637.5Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fausto Catena
- grid.411482.aEmergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
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