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Sammarco I, Díez Rodríguez B, Galanti D, Nunn A, Becker C, Bossdorf O, Münzbergová Z, Latzel V. DNA methylation in the wild: epigenetic transgenerational inheritance can mediate adaptation in clones of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca). New Phytol 2024; 241:1621-1635. [PMID: 38058250 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the accelerating climate change, it is crucial to understand how plants adapt to rapid environmental changes. Such adaptation may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, which could heritably alter phenotypes without changing the DNA sequence, especially across clonal generations. However, we are still missing robust evidence of the adaptive potential of DNA methylation in wild clonal populations. Here, we studied genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic variation of Fragaria vesca, a predominantly clonally reproducing herb. We examined samples from 21 natural populations across three climatically distinct geographic regions, as well as clones of the same individuals grown in a common garden. We found that epigenetic variation was partly associated with climate of origin, particularly in non-CG contexts. Importantly, a large proportion of this variation was heritable across clonal generations. Additionally, a subset of these epigenetic changes affected the expression of genes mainly involved in plant growth and responses to pathogen and abiotic stress. These findings highlight the potential influence of epigenetic changes on phenotypic traits. Our findings indicate that variation in DNA methylation, which can be environmentally inducible and heritable, may enable clonal plant populations to adjust to their environmental conditions even in the absence of genetic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Sammarco
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Bárbara Díez Rodríguez
- Natural Resources and Climate Area, CARTIF Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, parc. 205, 47151, Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Forest Genetics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, 79098, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Dario Galanti
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Nunn
- ecSeq Bioinformatics GmbH, Sternwartenstraße 29, 04103, Saxony, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czechia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czechia
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2
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Contreras-Garrido A, Galanti D, Movilli A, Becker C, Bossdorf O, Drost HG, Weigel D. Transposon dynamics in the emerging oilseed crop Thlaspi arvense. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011141. [PMID: 38295109 PMCID: PMC10881000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome evolution is partly driven by the mobility of transposable elements (TEs) which often leads to deleterious effects, but their activity can also facilitate genetic novelty and catalyze local adaptation. We explored how the intraspecific diversity of TE polymorphisms might contribute to the broad geographic success and adaptive capacity of the emerging oil crop Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress). We classified the TE inventory based on a high-quality genome assembly, estimated the age of retrotransposon TE families and comprehensively assessed their mobilization potential. A survey of 280 accessions from 12 regions across the Northern hemisphere allowed us to quantify over 90,000 TE insertion polymorphisms (TIPs). Their distribution mirrored the genetic differentiation as measured by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The number and types of mobile TE families vary substantially across populations, but there are also shared patterns common to all accessions. Ty3/Athila elements are the main drivers of TE diversity in T. arvense populations, while a single Ty1/Alesia lineage might be particularly important for transcriptome divergence. The number of retrotransposon TIPs is associated with variation at genes related to epigenetic regulation, including an apparent knockout mutation in BROMODOMAIN AND ATPase DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1 (BRAT1), while DNA transposons are associated with variation at the HSP19 heat shock protein gene. We propose that the high rate of mobilization activity can be harnessed for targeted gene expression diversification, which may ultimately present a toolbox for the potential use of transposition in breeding and domestication of T. arvense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Galanti
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Movilli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hajk-Georg Drost
- Computational Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen,Tübingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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March-Salas M, Lorite J, Bossdorf O, Scheepens JF. Cliffs as priority ecosystems. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e14166. [PMID: 37551743 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí March-Salas
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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4
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Rauschkolb R, Durka W, Godefroid S, Dixon L, Bossdorf O, Ensslin A, Scheepens JF. Recent evolution of flowering time across multiple European plant species correlates with changes in aridity. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05414-w. [PMID: 37462737 PMCID: PMC10386928 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming and increasing drought frequencies impact plant populations and potentially drive rapid evolutionary adaptations. Historical comparisons, where plants grown from seeds collected in the past are compared to plants grown from freshly collected seeds from populations of the same sites, are a powerful method to investigate recent evolutionary changes across many taxa. We used 21-38 years old seeds of 13 European plant species, stored in seed banks and originating from Mediterranean and temperate regions, together with recently collected seeds from the same sites for a greenhouse experiment to investigate shifts in flowering phenology as a potential result of adaptive evolution to changes in drought intensities over the last decades. We further used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to quantify relatedness and levels of genetic variation. We found that, across species, current populations grew faster and advanced their flowering. These shifts were correlated with changes in aridity at the population origins, suggesting that increased drought induced evolution of earlier flowering, whereas decreased drought lead to weak or inverse shifts in flowering phenology. In five out of the 13 species, however, the SNP markers detected strong differences in genetic variation and relatedness between the past and current populations collected, indicating that other evolutionary processes may have contributed to changes in phenotypes. Our results suggest that changes in aridity may have influenced the evolutionary trajectories of many plant species in different regions of Europe, and that flowering phenology may be one of the key traits that is rapidly evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor Lieser Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Lara Dixon
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, 34 Avenue Gambetta, 83400, Hyères, France
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ensslin
- Conservatory and Botanic Garden of the City of Geneva, Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, 1296, Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Conrady M, Lampei C, Bossdorf O, Hölzel N, Michalski S, Durka W, Bucharova A. Plants cultivated for ecosystem restoration can evolve toward a domestication syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219664120. [PMID: 37155873 PMCID: PMC10193954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219664120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration calls for upscaling restoration efforts, but many terrestrial restoration projects are constrained by seed availability. To overcome these constraints, wild plants are increasingly propagated on farms to produce seeds for restoration projects. During on-farm propagation, the plants face non-natural conditions with different selection pressures, and they might evolve adaptations to cultivation that parallel those of agricultural crops, which could be detrimental to restoration success. To test this, we compared traits of 19 species grown from wild-collected seeds to those from their farm-propagated offspring of up to four cultivation generations, produced by two European seed growers, in a common garden experiment. We found that some plants rapidly evolved across cultivated generations towards increased size and reproduction, lower within-species variability, and more synchronized flowering. In one species, we found evolution towards less seed shattering. These trait changes are typical signs of the crop domestication syndrome, and our study demonstrates that it can also occur during cultivation of wild plants, within only few cultivated generations. However, there was large variability between cultivation lineages, and the observed effect sizes were generally rather moderate, which suggests that the detected evolutionary changes are unlikely to compromise farm-propagated seeds for ecosystem restoration. To mitigate the potential negative effects of unintended selection, we recommend to limit the maximum number of generations the plants can be cultivated without replenishing the seed stock from new wild collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Conrady
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120Halle, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149Münster, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
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6
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Latzel V, Fischer M, Groot M, Gutzat R, Lampei C, Ouborg J, Parepa M, Schmid K, Vergeer P, Zhang Y, Bossdorf O. Parental environmental effects are common and strong, but unpredictable, in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol 2023; 237:1014-1023. [PMID: 36319609 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypes of plants can be influenced by the environmental conditions experienced by their parents. However, there is still much uncertainty about how common and how predictable such parental environmental effects really are. We carried out a comprehensive experimental test for parental effects, subjecting plants of multiple Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes to 24 different biotic or abiotic stresses, or combinations thereof, and comparing their offspring phenotypes in a common environment. The majority of environmental stresses caused significant parental effects, with -35% to +38% changes in offspring fitness. The expression of parental effects was strongly genotype-dependent, and multiple environmental stresses often acted nonadditively when combined. The direction and magnitude of parental effects were unrelated to the direct effects on the parents: Some environmental stresses did not affect the parents but caused substantial effects on offspring, while for others, the situation was reversed. Our study demonstrates that parental environmental effects are common and often strong in A. thaliana, but they are genotype-dependent, act nonadditively, and are difficult to predict. We should thus be cautious with generalizing from simple studies with single plant genotypes and/or only few individual environmental stresses. A thorough and general understanding of parental effects requires large multifactorial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maartje Groot
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Gutzat
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joop Ouborg
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanye Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Galanti D, Ramos-Cruz D, Nunn A, Rodríguez-Arévalo I, Scheepens JF, Becker C, Bossdorf O. Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010452. [PMID: 36223399 PMCID: PMC9591053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural plant populations often harbour substantial heritable variation in DNA methylation. However, a thorough understanding of the genetic and environmental drivers of this epigenetic variation requires large-scale and high-resolution data, which currently exist only for a few model species. Here, we studied 207 lines of the annual weed Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), collected across a large latitudinal gradient in Europe and propagated in a common environment. By screening for variation in DNA sequence and DNA methylation using whole-genome (bisulfite) sequencing, we found significant epigenetic population structure across Europe. Average levels of DNA methylation were strongly context-dependent, with highest DNA methylation in CG context, particularly in transposable elements and in intergenic regions. Residual DNA methylation variation within all contexts was associated with genetic variants, which often co-localized with annotated methylation machinery genes but also with new candidates. Variation in DNA methylation was also significantly associated with climate of origin, with methylation levels being lower in colder regions and in more variable climates. Finally, we used variance decomposition to assess genetic versus environmental associations with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We found that while genetic variation was generally the strongest predictor of DMRs, the strength of environmental associations increased from CG to CHG and CHH, with climate-of-origin as the strongest predictor in about one third of the CHH DMRs. In summary, our data show that natural epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense is significantly associated with both DNA sequence and environment of origin, and that the relative importance of the two factors strongly depends on the sequence context of DNA methylation. T. arvense is an emerging biofuel and winter cover crop; our results may hence be relevant for breeding efforts and agricultural practices in the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Galanti
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ramos-Cruz
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam Nunn
- ecSeq Bioinformatics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isaac Rodríguez-Arévalo
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - J. F. Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Willems FM, Scheepens JF, Bossdorf O. Forest wildflowers bloom earlier as Europe warms: lessons from herbaria and spatial modelling. New Phytol 2022; 235:52-65. [PMID: 35478407 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Today plants often flower earlier due to climate warming. Herbarium specimens are excellent witnesses of such long-term changes. However, the magnitude of phenological shifts may vary geographically, and the data are often clustered. Therefore, large-scale analyses of herbarium data are prone to pseudoreplication and geographical biases. We studied over 6000 herbarium specimens of 20 spring-flowering forest understory herbs from Europe to understand how their phenology had changed during the last century. We estimated phenology trends with or without taking spatial autocorrelation into account. On average plants now flowered over 6 d earlier than at the beginning of the last century. These changes were strongly associated with warmer spring temperatures. Flowering time advanced 3.6 d per 1°C warming. Spatial modelling showed that, in some parts of Europe, plants flowered earlier or later than expected. Without accounting for this, the estimates of phenological shifts were biased and model fits were poor. Our study indicates that forest wildflowers in Europe strongly advanced their phenology in response to climate change. However, these phenological shifts differ geographically. This shows that it is crucial to combine the analysis of herbarium data with spatial modelling when testing for long-term phenology trends across large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Willems
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Rauschkolb R, Li Z, Godefroid S, Dixon L, Durka W, Májeková M, Bossdorf O, Ensslin A, Scheepens JF. Evolution of plant drought strategies and herbivore tolerance after two decades of climate change. New Phytol 2022; 235:773-785. [PMID: 35357713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming, coupled with increased drought frequencies, together with other biotic drivers may have resulted in complex evolutionary adaptation. The resurrection approach, comparing ancestors raised from stored seeds with their contemporary descendants under common conditions, is a powerful method to test for recent evolution in plant populations. We used 21-26-yr-old seeds of four European plant species - Matthiola tricuspidata, Plantago crassifolia, Clinopodium vulgare and Leontodon hispidus - stored in seed banks together with re-collected seeds from their wild populations. To test for evolutionary changes, we conducted a glasshouse experiment that quantified heritable changes in plant responses to drought and simulated insect herbivory. In three out of the four studied species, we found evidence that descendants had evolved shorter life cycles through faster growth and flowering. Shifts in the osmotic potential and leaf dry matter content indicated that descendants also evolved increased drought tolerance. A comparison of quantitative genetic differentiation (QST ) vs neutral molecular differentiation (FST ) values, using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) genotyping data, suggested that directional selection, and therefore adaptive evolution, was underlying some of the observed phenotypic changes. In summary, our study revealed evolutionary changes in plant populations over the last decades that are consistent with adaptation of drought escape and tolerance as well as herbivory avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany, Philosophenweg 16, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zixin Li
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lara Dixon
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, 34 avenue Gambetta, 83400, Hyères, France
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ensslin
- Conservatory and Botanic Garden of the City of Geneva, 1296, Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Sun Y, Züst T, Silvestro D, Erb M, Bossdorf O, Mateo P, Robert C, Müller-Schärer H. Climate warming can reduce biocontrol efficacy and promote plant invasion due to both genetic and transient metabolomic changes. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1387-1400. [PMID: 35384215 PMCID: PMC9324167 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may affect plant-herbivore interactions and their associated ecosystem functions. In an experimental evolution approach, we subjected replicated populations of the invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia to a combination of simulated warming and herbivory by a potential biocontrol beetle. We tracked genomic and metabolomic changes across generations in field populations and assessed plant offspring phenotypes in a common environment. Using an integrated Bayesian model, we show that increased offspring biomass in response to warming arose through changes in the genetic composition of populations. In contrast, increased resistance to herbivory arose through a shift in plant metabolomic profiles without genetic changes, most likely by transgenerational induction of defences. Importantly, while increased resistance was costly at ambient temperatures, warming removed this constraint and favoured both vigorous and better defended plants under biocontrol. Climate warming may thus decrease biocontrol efficiency and promote Ambrosia invasion, with potentially serious economic and health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Global Gothenburg Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Abstract
Climate warming changes the phenology of many species. When interacting organisms respond differently, climate change may disrupt their interactions and affect the stability of ecosystems. Here, we used global biodiversity facility occurrence records to examine phenology trends in plants and their associated insect pollinators in Germany since the 1980s. We found strong phenological advances in plants but differences in the extent of shifts among pollinator groups. The temporal trends in plant and insect phenologies were generally associated with interannual temperature variation and thus probably driven by climate change. When examining the synchrony of species-level plant-pollinator interactions, their temporal trends differed among pollinator groups. Overall, plant-pollinator interactions become more synchronized, mainly because the phenology of plants, which historically lagged behind that of the pollinators, responded more strongly to climate change. However, if the observed trends continue, many interactions may become more asynchronous again in the future. Our study suggests that climate change affects the phenologies of both plants and insects and that it also influences the synchrony of plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Freimuth
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska M Willems
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Conrady M, Lampei C, Bossdorf O, Durka W, Bucharova A. Evolution during seed production for ecological restoration? A molecular analysis of 19 species finds only minor genomic changes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Conrady
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen; Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ; Halle; Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
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13
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Garnica S, Liao Z, Hamard S, Waller F, Parepa M, Bossdorf O. Environmental stress determines the colonization and impact of an endophytic fungus on invasive knotweed. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is increasing evidence that microbes play a key role in some plant invasions. A diverse and widespread but little understood group of plant-associated microbes are the fungal root endophytes of the order Sebacinales. They are associated with exotic populations of invasive knotweed (Reynoutria ssp.) in Europe, but their effects on the invaders are unknown. We used the recently isolated Sebacinales root endophyte Serendipita herbamans to experimentally inoculate invasive knotweed and study root colonisation and effects on knotweed growth under different environmental conditions. We verified the inoculation success and fungal colonisation through immunofluorescence microscopy and qPCR. We found that S. herbamans strongly colonized invasive knotweed in low-nutrient and shade environments, but much less under drought or benign conditions. At low nutrients, the endophyte had a positive effect on plant growth, whereas the opposite was true under shaded conditions. Our study demonstrates that the root endophyte S. herbamans has the potential to colonize invasive knotweed fine roots and impact its growth, and it could thus also play a role in natural populations. Our results also show that effects of fungal endophytes on plants can be strongly environment-dependent, and may only be visible under stressful environmental conditions.
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14
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Deng Y, Bossdorf O, Scheepens JF. Transgenerational effects of temperature fluctuations in Arabidopsis thaliana. AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab064. [PMID: 34950444 PMCID: PMC8691168 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant stress responses can extend into the following generations, a phenomenon called transgenerational effects. Heat stress, in particular, is known to affect plant offspring, but we do not know to what extent these effects depend on the temporal patterns of the stress, and whether transgenerational responses are adaptive and genetically variable within species. To address these questions, we carried out a two-generation experiment with nine Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We subjected the plants to heat stress regimes that varied in timing and frequency, but not in mean temperature, and we then grew the offspring of these plants under controlled conditions as well as under renewed heat stress. The stress treatments significantly carried over to the offspring generation, with timing having stronger effects on plant phenotypes than stress frequency. However, there was no evidence that transgenerational effects were adaptive. The magnitudes of transgenerational effects differed substantially among genotypes, and for some traits the strength of plant responses was significantly associated with the climatic variability at the sites of origin. In summary, timing of heat stress not only directly affects plants, but it can also cause transgenerational effects on offspring phenotypes. Genetic variation in transgenerational effects, as well as correlations between transgenerational effects and climatic variability, indicates that transgenerational effects can evolve, and have probably already done so in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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15
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Alabi N, Wu Y, Bossdorf O, Rieseberg LH, Colautti RI. Genome Report: A draft genome of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) as a model system for invasion genetics. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:6380431. [PMID: 34599816 PMCID: PMC8664459 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of invasion genetics examines the genetic causes and consequences of biological invasions, but few study systems are available that integrate deep ecological knowledge with genomic tools. Here, we report on the de novo assembly and annotation of a genome for the biennial herb Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande (Brassicaceae), which is widespread in Eurasia and invasive across much of temperate North America. Our goal was to sequence and annotate a genome to complement resources available from hundreds of published ecological studies, a global field survey, and hundreds of genetic lines maintained in Germany and Canada. We sequenced a genotype (EFCC3-3-20) collected from the native range near Venice, Italy, and sequenced paired-end and mate pair libraries at ∼70 × coverage. A de novo assembly resulted in a highly continuous draft genome (N50 = 121 Mb; L50 = 2) with 99.7% of the 1.1 Gb genome mapping to scaffolds of at least 50 Kb in length. A total of 64,770 predicted genes in the annotated genome include 99% of plant BUSCO genes and 98% of transcriptome reads. Consistent with previous reports of (auto)hexaploidy in western Europe, we found that almost one-third of BUSCO genes (390/1440) mapped to two or more scaffolds despite <2% genome-wide average heterozygosity. The continuity and gene space quality of our draft assembly will enable molecular and functional genomic studies of A. petiolata to address questions relevant to invasion genetics and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Alabi
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yihan Wu
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert I Colautti
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Jung JH, Reis F, Richards CL, Bossdorf O. Understanding plant microbiomes requires a genotype × environment framework. Am J Bot 2021; 108:1820-1823. [PMID: 34613613 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Jung
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Reis
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina L Richards
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Willems FM, Scheepens JF, Ammer C, Block S, Bucharova A, Schall P, Sehrt M, Bossdorf O. Spring understory herbs flower later in intensively managed forests. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02332. [PMID: 33765327 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms respond to anthropogenic environmental change through shifts in their phenology. In plants, flowering is largely driven by temperature, and therefore affected by climate change. However, on smaller scales climatic conditions are also influenced by other factors, including habitat structure. A group of plants with a particularly distinct phenology are the understory herbs in temperate European forests. In these forests, management alters tree species composition (often replacing deciduous with coniferous species) and homogenizes stand structure, and as a consequence changes light conditions and microclimate. Forest management should thus also affect the phenology of understory herbs. To test this, we recorded the flowering phenology of 16 early-flowering herbs on 100 forest plots varying in management intensity, from near-natural to intensely managed forests, in central and southern Germany. We found that in forest stands with a high management intensity, such as Norway spruce plantations, the plants flowered on average about 2 weeks later than in unmanaged forests. This was largely because management also affected microclimate (e.g., spring temperatures of 5.9°C in managed coniferous, 6.7 in managed deciduous, and 7.0°C in unmanaged deciduous plots), which in turn affected phenology, with plants flowering later on colder and moister forest stands (+4.5 d per -1°C and 2.7 d per 10% humidity increase). Among forest characteristics, the percentage of conifers had the greatest influence on microclimate, but also the age, overall crown projection area, structural complexity and spatial distribution of the forest stands. Our study indicates that forest management alters plant phenology, with potential far-reaching consequences for the ecology and evolution of understorey communities. More generally, our study demonstrates that besides climate change other drivers of environmental change, too, can influence the phenology of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Willems
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Block
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Sehrt
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Mounger J, Ainouche ML, Bossdorf O, Cavé-Radet A, Li B, Parepa M, Salmon A, Yang J, Richards CL. Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200117. [PMID: 33866809 PMCID: PMC8059582 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions impose ecological and economic problems on a global scale, but also provide extraordinary opportunities for studying contemporary evolution. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes that underly invasion success in order to successfully manage existing invaders, and to prevent future invasions. As successful invasive species sometimes are suspected to rapidly adjust to their new environments in spite of very low genetic diversity, we are obliged to re-evaluate genomic-level processes that translate into phenotypic diversity. In this paper, we review work that supports the idea that trait variation, within and among invasive populations, can be created through epigenetic or other non-genetic processes, particularly in clonal invaders where somatic changes can persist indefinitely. We consider several processes that have been implicated as adaptive in invasion success, focusing on various forms of 'genomic shock' resulting from exposure to environmental stress, hybridization and whole-genome duplication (polyploidy), and leading to various patterns of gene expression re-programming and epigenetic changes that contribute to phenotypic variation or even novelty. These mechanisms can contribute to transgressive phenotypes, including hybrid vigour and novel traits, and may thus help to understand the huge successes of some plant invaders, especially those that are genetically impoverished. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Mounger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
| | - Malika L. Ainouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armand Cavé-Radet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armel Salmon
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Scientifique de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Ji Yang
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina L. Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Sun Y, Bossdorf O, Grados RD, Liao Z, Müller-Schärer H. Rapid genomic and phenotypic change in response to climate warming in a widespread plant invader. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6511-6522. [PMID: 32702177 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Predicting plant distributions under climate change is constrained by our limited understanding of potential rapid adaptive evolution. In an experimental evolution study with the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) we subjected replicated populations of the same initial genetic composition to simulated climate warming. Pooled DNA sequencing of parental and offspring populations showed that warming populations experienced greater genetic divergence from their parents, than control populations. In a common environment, offspring from warming populations showed more convergent phenotypes in seven out of nine plant traits, with later flowering and larger biomass, than plants from control populations. For both traits, we also found a significantly higher ratio of phenotypic to genetic differentiation across generations for warming than for control populations, indicating stronger response to selection under warming conditions. As a measure for evolutionary rate, the phenotypic and sequence divergence between generations were assessed using the Haldane metric. Our approach combining comparisons between generations (allochronic) and between treatments (synchronic) in an experimental evolutionary field study, and linking population genomic data with phenotyping analyses provided a powerful test to detect rapid responses to selection. Our findings demonstrate that ragweed populations can rapidly evolve in response to climate change within a single generation. Short-term evolutionary responses to climate change may aggravate the impact of some plant invaders in the future and should be considered when making predictions about future distributions and impacts of plant invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramon D Grados
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - ZhiYong Liao
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Borsch T, Stevens AD, Häffner E, Güntsch A, Berendsohn WG, Appelhans M, Barilaro C, Beszteri B, Blattner F, Bossdorf O, Dalitz H, Dressler S, Duque-Thüs R, Esser HJ, Franzke A, Goetze D, Grein M, Grünert U, Hellwig F, Hentschel J, Hörandl E, Janßen T, Jürgens N, Kadereit G, Karisch T, Koch M, Müller F, Müller J, Ober D, Porembski S, Poschlod P, Printzen C, Röser M, Sack P, Schlüter P, Schmidt M, Schnittler M, Scholler M, Schultz M, Seeber E, Simmel J, Stiller M, Thiv M, Thüs H, Tkach N, Triebel D, Warnke U, Weibulat T, Wesche K, Yurkov A, Zizka G. A complete digitization of German herbaria is possible, sensible and should be started now. RIO 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e50675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, fungi and algae are important components of global biodiversity and are fundamental to all ecosystems. They are the basis for human well-being, providing food, materials and medicines. Specimens of all three groups of organisms are accommodated in herbaria, where they are commonly referred to as botanical specimens.
The large number of specimens in herbaria provides an ample, permanent and continuously improving knowledge base on these organisms and an indispensable source for the analysis of the distribution of species in space and time critical for current and future research relating to global biodiversity. In order to make full use of this resource, a research infrastructure has to be built that grants comprehensive and free access to the information in herbaria and botanical collections in general. This can be achieved through digitization of the botanical objects and associated data.
The botanical research community can count on a long-standing tradition of collaboration among institutions and individuals. It agreed on data standards and standard services even before the advent of computerization and information networking, an example being the Index Herbariorum as a global registry of herbaria helping towards the unique identification of specimens cited in the literature.
In the spirit of this collaborative history, 51 representatives from 30 institutions advocate to start the digitization of botanical collections with the overall wall-to-wall digitization of the flat objects stored in German herbaria. Germany has 70 herbaria holding almost 23 million specimens according to a national survey carried out in 2019. 87% of these specimens are not yet digitized. Experiences from other countries like France, the Netherlands, Finland, the US and Australia show that herbaria can be comprehensively and cost-efficiently digitized in a relatively short time due to established workflows and protocols for the high-throughput digitization of flat objects.
Most of the herbaria are part of a university (34), fewer belong to municipal museums (10) or state museums (8), six herbaria belong to institutions also supported by federal funds such as Leibniz institutes, and four belong to non-governmental organizations. A common data infrastructure must therefore integrate different kinds of institutions.
Making full use of the data gained by digitization requires the set-up of a digital infrastructure for storage, archiving, content indexing and networking as well as standardized access for the scientific use of digital objects. A standards-based portfolio of technical components has already been developed and successfully tested by the Biodiversity Informatics Community over the last two decades, comprising among others access protocols, collection databases, portals, tools for semantic enrichment and annotation, international networking, storage and archiving in accordance with international standards. This was achieved through the funding by national and international programs and initiatives, which also paved the road for the German contribution to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Herbaria constitute a large part of the German botanical collections that also comprise living collections in botanical gardens and seed banks, DNA- and tissue samples, specimens preserved in fluids or on microscope slides and more. Once the herbaria are digitized, these resources can be integrated, adding to the value of the overall research infrastructure. The community has agreed on tasks that are shared between the herbaria, as the German GBIF model already successfully demonstrates.
We have compiled nine scientific use cases of immediate societal relevance for an integrated infrastructure of botanical collections. They address accelerated biodiversity discovery and research, biomonitoring and conservation planning, biodiversity modelling, the generation of trait information, automated image recognition by artificial intelligence, automated pathogen detection, contextualization by interlinking objects, enabling provenance research, as well as education, outreach and citizen science.
We propose to start this initiative now in order to valorize German botanical collections as a vital part of a worldwide biodiversity data pool.
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21
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Sehrt M, Bossdorf O, Freitag M, Bucharova A. Less is more! Rapid increase in plant species richness after reduced mowing in urban grasslands. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Kirchhoff L, Kirschbaum A, Joshi J, Bossdorf O, Scheepens JF, Heinze J. Plant-Soil Feedbacks of Plantago lanceolata in the Field Depend on Plant Origin and Herbivory. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Exposito-Alonso M, Burbano HA, Bossdorf O, Nielsen R, Weigel D. Natural selection on the Arabidopsis thaliana genome in present and future climates. Nature 2019; 573:126-129. [PMID: 31462776 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Through the lens of evolution, climate change is an agent of natural selection that forces populations to change and adapt, or face extinction. However, current assessments of the risk of biodiversity associated with climate change1 do not typically take into account how natural selection influences populations differently depending on their genetic makeup2. Here we make use of the extensive genome information that is available for Arabidopsis thaliana and measure how manipulation of the amount of rainfall affected the fitness of 517 natural Arabidopsis lines that were grown in Spain and Germany. This allowed us to directly infer selection along the genome3. Natural selection was particularly strong in the hot-dry location in Spain, where 63% of lines were killed and where natural selection substantially changed the frequency of approximately 5% of all genome-wide variants. A significant portion of this climate-driven natural selection of variants was predictable from signatures of local adaptation (R2 = 29-52%), as genetic variants that were found in geographical areas with climates more similar to the experimental sites were positively selected. Field-validated predictions across the species range indicated that Mediterranean and western Siberian populations-at the edges of the environmental limits of this species-currently experience the strongest climate-driven selection. With more frequent droughts and rising temperatures in Europe4, we forecast an increase in directional natural selection moving northwards from the southern end of Europe, putting many native A. thaliana populations at evolutionary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Hernán A Burbano
- Research Group of Ancient Genomics and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Parepa M, Kahmen A, Werner RA, Fischer M, Bossdorf O. Invasive knotweed has greater nitrogen-use efficiency than native plants: evidence from a 15N pulse-chasing experiment. Oecologia 2019; 191:389-396. [PMID: 31435756 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Habitats with fluctuating resource conditions pose specific challenges to plants, and they often favor a small subset of species that includes exotic invaders. These species must possess a superior ability to capitalize on resource pulses through faster resource uptake or greater resource-use efficiency. We addressed this question in an experiment with invasive knotweed, a noxious invader of temperate ecosystems that is known to benefit from nutrient fluctuations. We used stable isotopes to track the uptake and use efficiency of a nitrogen pulse in competition pairs between knotweed and five native competitors. We found that nitrogen pulses indeed promoted knotweed invasion and that this is explained by a superior efficiency in turning the taken-up extra nitrogen into biomass, rather than capturing an overproportional share of the nitrogen. Thus, temporary increases in nutrient availability might help knotweed to invade natural environments, such as river banks or nitrogen-polluted margins and wastelands, where nutrient fluctuations occur. Our experiment shows that resource-use efficiency can drive invasion under fluctuating resource conditions, and that stable isotopes help to understand these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Nagel R, Durka W, Bossdorf O, Bucharova A. Rapid evolution in native plants cultivated for ecological restoration: not a general pattern. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:551-558. [PMID: 30120869 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of restoration projects worldwide increases the demand for seed material of native species. To meet this demand, seeds are often produced through large-scale cultivation on specialised farms, using wild-collected seeds as the original sources. However, during cultivation, plants experience novel environmental conditions compared to those in natural populations, and there is a danger that the plants in cultivation are subject to unintended selection and lose their adaptation to natural habitats. Although the propagation methods are usually designed to maintain as much natural genetic diversity as possible, the effectiveness of these measures have never been tested. We obtained seed of five common grassland species from one of the largest native seed producers in Germany. For each species, the seeds were from multiple generations of seed production. We used AFLP markers and a common garden experiment to test for genetic and phenotypic changes during cultivation of these plants. The molecular markers detected significant evolutionary changes in three out of the five species and we found significant phenotypic changes in two species. The only species that showed substantial genetic and phenotypic changes was the short-lived and predominantly selfing Medicago lupulina, while in the other, mostly perennial and outcrossing species, the observed changes were mostly minor. Agricultural propagation of native seed material for restoration can cause evolutionary changes, at least in some species. We recommend caution, particularly in selfing and short-lived species, where evolution may be more rapid and effects may thus be more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagel
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Nature Conservation and landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Gáspár B, Bossdorf O, Durka W. Structure, stability and ecological significance of natural epigenetic variation: a large-scale survey in Plantago lanceolata. New Phytol 2019; 221:1585-1596. [PMID: 30222201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Within-species diversity is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary processes. Recent research has found that plants can harbour significant epigenetic diversity, but its extent, stability and ecological significance in natural populations is largely unexplored. We analysed genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic variation in a large number of natural grassland populations of Plantago lanceolata, covering a broad geographical and environmental range. Within-population diversity and among-population differentiation were calculated from genetic and epigenetic marker data and from measurements of phenotypic traits, both for plants in the field and for the F1 generation grown in a common environment. We found weak but significant epigenetic population structure. A large part of the epigenetic population differences observed in the field was maintained in a common environment. Epigenetic differences were consistently related to genetic and environmental variation, and to a lesser degree to phenotypic variation and land use, with more grazed populations harbouring greater epigenetic diversity. Our study demonstrates that epigenetic diversity exists in natural populations of a common grassland species, and that at least part of this epigenetic diversity is stable, nonrandom and related to environmental variation. Experimental and more detailed molecular studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of these observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Gáspár
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Lang PLM, Willems FM, Scheepens JF, Burbano HA, Bossdorf O. Using herbaria to study global environmental change. New Phytol 2019; 221:110-122. [PMID: 30160314 PMCID: PMC6585664 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last centuries, humans have transformed global ecosystems. With their temporal dimension, herbaria provide the otherwise scarce long-term data crucial for tracking ecological and evolutionary changes over this period of intense global change. The sheer size of herbaria, together with their increasing digitization and the possibility of sequencing DNA from the preserved plant material, makes them invaluable resources for understanding ecological and evolutionary species' responses to global environmental change. Following the chronology of global change, we highlight how herbaria can inform about long-term effects on plants of at least four of the main drivers of global change: pollution, habitat change, climate change and invasive species. We summarize how herbarium specimens so far have been used in global change research, discuss future opportunities and challenges posed by the nature of these data, and advocate for an intensified use of these 'windows into the past' for global change research and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. M. Lang
- Research Group for Ancient Genomics and EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Developmental Biology72076TübingenGermany
| | - Franziska M. Willems
- Plant Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - J. F. Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Hernán A. Burbano
- Research Group for Ancient Genomics and EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Developmental Biology72076TübingenGermany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
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Abstract
We review the state of the art of alien plant research with emphasis on conceptual advances and knowledge gains on general patterns and drivers, biotic interactions, and evolution. Major advances include the identification of different invasion stages and invasiveness dimensions (geographic range, habitat specificity, local abundance) and the identification of appropriate comparators while accounting for propagule pressure and year of introduction. Developments in phylogenetic and functional trait research bear great promise for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Global patterns are emerging with propagule pressure, disturbance, increased resource availability, and climate matching as major invasion drivers, but species characteristics also play a role. Biotic interactions with resident communities shape invasion outcomes, with major roles for species diversity, enemies, novel weapons, and mutualists. Mounting evidence has been found for rapid evolution of invasive aliens and evolutionary responses of natives, but a mechanistic understanding requires tighter integration of molecular and phenotypic approaches. We hope the open questions identified in this review will stimulate further research on the ecology and evolution of alien plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Zhang YY, Latzel V, Fischer M, Bossdorf O. Understanding the evolutionary potential of epigenetic variation: a comparison of heritable phenotypic variation in epiRILs, RILs, and natural ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:257-265. [PMID: 29875373 PMCID: PMC6082859 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence for epigenetic variation within and among natural plant populations has led to much speculation about its role in the evolution of plant phenotypes. However, we still have a very limited understanding of the evolutionary potential of epigenetic variation, in particular in comparison to DNA sequence-based variation. To address this question, we compared the magnitudes of heritable phenotypic variation in epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana-lines that mainly differ in DNA methylation but only very little in DNA sequence-with other types of A. thaliana lines that differ strongly also in DNA sequence. We grew subsets of two epiRIL populations with subsets of two genetic RIL populations, of natural ecotype collections, and of lines from a natural population in a common environment and assessed their heritable variation in growth, phenology, and fitness. Among-line phenotypic variation and broad-sense heritabilities tended to be largest in natural ecotypes, but for some traits the variation among epiRILs was comparable to that among RILs and natural ecotypes. Within-line phenotypic variation was generally similar in epiRILs, RILs, and ecotypes. Provided that phenotypic variation in epiRILs is mainly caused by epigenetic differences, whereas in RILs and natural lines it is largely driven by sequence variation, our results indicate that epigenetic variation has the potential to create phenotypic variation that is stable and substantial, and thus of evolutionary significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013, Bern, Switzerland.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Vit Latzel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Botany of the ASCR, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Scheepens JF, Deng Y, Bossdorf O. Phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature fluctuations is genetically variable, and relates to climatic variability of origin, in Arabidopsis thaliana. AoB Plants 2018; 10:ply043. [PMID: 30109013 PMCID: PMC6084592 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Under current climate change, increasing mean temperatures are not only causing hotter summers, but temperature variability is increasing as well. Phenotypic plasticity can help plants to overcome negative effects of temperature variability and allow them to rapidly adjust traits to adverse conditions. Moreover, genetic variation in such plasticity could provide potential for adaptive evolution in response to changing climate variability. Here, we conducted an experiment with 11 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes to investigate intraspecific variation in plant responses to two aspects of variable temperature stress: timing and frequency. We found that the timing but not frequency of temperature stress affected the phenology, growth, reproduction and allocation strategy of plants, and that genotypes differed substantially in their responses. Moreover, trait plasticity was positively related to precipitation variability of origin, suggesting an adaptive role of plasticity. Our results indicate that the developmental stage of a plant during heat stress is a key determinant of its response, and that plasticity to temperature variability is an evolving and possibly adaptive trait in natural populations of A. thaliana. More generally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of studying plant responses to climatic variability per se, given that climatic variability is predicted to increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ying Deng
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Haeuser E, Dawson W, Thuiller W, Dullinger S, Block S, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Conti L, Dullinger I, Essl F, Klonner G, Moser D, Münkemüller T, Parepa M, Talluto MV, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Hermy M, Van der Veken S, Roquet C, van Kleunen M. European ornamental garden flora as an invasion debt under climate change. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Haeuser
- Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego California
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Conservation Ecology Group; Department of Biosciences; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Svenja Block
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Marta Carboni
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Luisa Conti
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Sciences; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology; Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies; Alps Adria University; Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Günther Klonner
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Botany and Biodiversity Research; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Matthew V. Talluto
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography; University of Goettingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology; Institute of Botany; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography; University of Goettingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Hermy
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Cristina Roquet
- LECA-Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS; Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc; Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation; Taizhou University; Taizhou China
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Bucharova A, Bossdorf O, Hölzel N, Kollmann J, Prasse R, Durka W. Mix and match: regional admixture provenancing strikes a balance among different seed-sourcing strategies for ecological restoration. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Carboni M, Guéguen M, Barros C, Georges D, Boulangeat I, Douzet R, Dullinger S, Klonner G, van Kleunen M, Essl F, Bossdorf O, Haeuser E, Talluto MV, Moser D, Block S, Conti L, Dullinger I, Münkemüller T, Thuiller W. Simulating plant invasion dynamics in mountain ecosystems under global change scenarios. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e289-e302. [PMID: 28833915 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, invasive alien species cause severe environmental changes, altering species composition and ecosystem functions. So far, mountain areas have mostly been spared from large-scale invasions. However, climate change, land-use abandonment, the development of tourism and the increasing ornamental trade will weaken the barriers to invasions in these systems. Understanding how alien species will react and how native communities will influence their success is thus of prime importance in a management perspective. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit simulation model to forecast invasion risks in a protected mountain area in the French Alps under future conditions. We combined scenarios of climate change, land-use abandonment and tourism-linked increases in propagule pressure to test if the spread of alien species in the region will increase in the future. We modelled already naturalized alien species and new ornamental plants, accounting for interactions among global change components, and also competition with the native vegetation. Our results show that propagule pressure and climate change will interact to increase overall species richness of both naturalized aliens and new ornamentals, as well as their upper elevational limits and regional range-sizes. Under climate change, woody aliens are predicted to more than double in range-size and herbaceous species to occupy up to 20% of the park area. In contrast, land-use abandonment will open new invasion opportunities for woody aliens, but decrease invasion probability for naturalized and ornamental alien herbs as a consequence of colonization by native trees. This emphasizes the importance of interactions with the native vegetation either for facilitating or potentially for curbing invasions. Overall, our work highlights an additional and previously underestimated threat for the fragile mountain flora of the Alps already facing climate changes, land-use transformations and overexploitation by tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ceres Barros
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Boulangeat
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rolland Douzet
- Station Alpine Joseph Fourier, UMS 3370 UJF-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Klonner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svenja Block
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Alps Adria University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, CNRS, LECA, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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34
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Shi W, Chen X, Gao L, Xu CY, Ou X, Bossdorf O, Yang J, Geng Y. Transient Stability of Epigenetic Population Differentiation in a Clonal Invader. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 30881370 PMCID: PMC6405520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic variation may play an important role in how plants cope with novel environments. While significant epigenetic differences among plants from contrasting habitats have often been observed in the field, the stability of these differences remains little understood. Here, we combined field monitoring with a multi-generation common garden approach to study the dynamics of DNA methylation variation in invasive Chinese populations of the clonal alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). Using AFLP and MSAP markers, we found little variation in DNA sequence but substantial epigenetic population differentiation. In the field, these differences remained stable across multiple years, whereas in a common environment they were maintained at first but then progressively eroded. However, some epigenetic differentiation remained even after 10 asexual generations. Our data indicate that epigenetic variation in alligator weed most likely results from a combination of environmental induction and spontaneous epimutation, and that much of it is neither rapidly reversible (phenotypic plasticity) nor long-term stable, but instead displays an intermediate level of stability. Such transient epigenetic stability could be a beneficial mechanism in novel and heterogeneous environments, particularly in a genetically impoverished invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Xu
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaokun Ou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Yang, Yupeng Geng, ;
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Yang, Yupeng Geng, ;
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35
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Scheepens JF, Rauschkolb R, Ziegler R, Schroth V, Bossdorf O. Genotypic diversity and environmental variability affect the invasibility of experimental plant populations. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, Univ. of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5; DE-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Robert Rauschkolb
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, Univ. of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5; DE-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Rebekka Ziegler
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, Univ. of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5; DE-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Veronica Schroth
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, Univ. of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5; DE-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, Univ. of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5; DE-72076 Tübingen Germany
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36
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Bucharova A, Durka W, Hölzel N, Kollmann J, Michalski S, Bossdorf O. Are local plants the best for ecosystem restoration? It depends on how you analyze the data. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10683-10689. [PMID: 29299248 PMCID: PMC5743477 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key questions in ecosystem restoration is the choice of the seed material for restoring plant communities. The most common strategy is to use local seed sources, based on the argument that many plants are locally adapted and thus local seed sources should provide the best restoration success. However, the evidence for local adaptation is inconsistent, and some of these inconsistencies may be due to different experimental approaches that have been used to test for local adaptation. We illustrate how conclusions about local adaptation depend on the experimental design and in particular on the method of data analysis. We used data from a multispecies reciprocal transplant experiment and analyzed them in three different ways: (1) comparing local vs. foreign plants within species and sites, corresponding to tests of the “local is best” paradigm in ecological restoration, (2) comparing sympatric vs. allopatric populations across sites but within species, and (3) comparing sympatric and allopatric populations across multiple species. These approaches reflect different experimental designs: While a local vs. foreign comparison can be done even in small experiments with a single species and site, the other two approaches require a reciprocal transplant experiment with one or multiple species, respectively. The three different analyses led to contrasting results. While the local/foreign approach indicated lack of local adaptation or even maladaptation, the more general sympatric/allopatric approach rather suggested local adaptation, and the most general cross‐species sympatric/allopatric test provided significant evidence for local adaptation. The analyses demonstrate how the design of experiments and methods of data analysis impact conclusions on the presence or absence of local adaptation. While small‐scale, single‐species experiments may be useful for identifying the appropriate seed material for a specific restoration project, general patterns can only be detected in reciprocal transplant experiments with multiple species and sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution & Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany.,Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Halle Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management Restoration Ecology Technical University of Munich München Germany.,Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Halle Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution & Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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37
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Richards CL, Alonso C, Becker C, Bossdorf O, Bucher E, Colomé-Tatché M, Durka W, Engelhardt J, Gaspar B, Gogol-Döring A, Grosse I, van Gurp TP, Heer K, Kronholm I, Lampei C, Latzel V, Mirouze M, Opgenoorth L, Paun O, Prohaska SJ, Rensing SA, Stadler PF, Trucchi E, Ullrich K, Verhoeven KJF. Ecological plant epigenetics: Evidence from model and non-model species, and the way forward. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1576-1590. [PMID: 29027325 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to complex traits, with implications across many fields of biology. In plant ecology, recent studies have attempted to merge ecological experiments with epigenetic analyses to elucidate the contribution of epigenetics to plant phenotypes, stress responses, adaptation to habitat, and range distributions. While there has been some progress in revealing the role of epigenetics in ecological processes, studies with non-model species have so far been limited to describing broad patterns based on anonymous markers of DNA methylation. In contrast, studies with model species have benefited from powerful genomic resources, which contribute to a more mechanistic understanding but have limited ecological realism. Understanding the significance of epigenetics for plant ecology requires increased transfer of knowledge and methods from model species research to genomes of evolutionarily divergent species, and examination of responses to complex natural environments at a more mechanistic level. This requires transforming genomics tools specifically for studying non-model species, which is challenging given the large and often polyploid genomes of plants. Collaboration among molecular geneticists, ecologists and bioinformaticians promises to enhance our understanding of the mutual links between genome function and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | | | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030, Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Austria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Etienne Bucher
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 49071, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Engelhardt
- Institut für Informatik, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bence Gaspar
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gogol-Döring
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Computer Science, University of Halle, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Computer Science, University of Halle, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas P van Gurp
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ilkka Kronholm
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylän yliopisto, Finland
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Mirouze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Plant Ecological Genomics, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja J Prohaska
- Institut für Informatik, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe NM, 87501, USA
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institut für Informatik, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe NM, 87501, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Plant Ecological Genomics, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristian Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Koen J F Verhoeven
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Klonner G, Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Haeuser E, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Will climate change increase hybridization risk between potential plant invaders and their congeners in Europe? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:934-943. [PMID: 28781572 PMCID: PMC5518762 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interspecific hybridization can promote invasiveness of alien species. In many regions of the world, public and domestic gardens contain a huge pool of non-native plants. Climate change may relax constraints on their naturalization and hence facilitate hybridization with related species in the resident flora. Here, we evaluate this possible increase in hybridization risk by predicting changes in the overlap of climatically suitable ranges between a set of garden plants and their congeners in the resident flora. LOCATION Europe. METHODS From the pool of alien garden plants, we selected those which (1) are not naturalized in Europe, but established outside their native range elsewhere in the world; (2) belong to a genus where interspecific hybridization has been previously reported; and (3) have congeners in the native and naturalized flora of Europe. For the resulting set of 34 alien ornamentals as well as for 173 of their European congeners, we fitted species distribution models and projected suitable ranges under the current climate and three future climate scenarios. Changes in range overlap between garden plants and congeners were then assessed by means of the true skill statistic. RESULTS Projections suggest that under a warming climate, suitable ranges of garden plants will increase, on average, while those of their congeners will remain constant or shrink, at least under the more severe climate scenarios. The mean overlap in ranges among congeners of the two groups will decrease. Variation among genera is pronounced; however, and for some congeners, range overlap is predicted to increase significantly. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Averaged across all modelled species, our results do not indicate that hybrids between potential future invaders and resident species will emerge more frequently in Europe when climate warms. These average trends do not preclude, however, that hybridization risk may considerably increase in particular genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Social EcologyFaculty for Interdisciplinary StudiesAlps Adria UniversityViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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39
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Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Klonner G, Kreft H, Kuttner M, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Climate change will increase the naturalization risk from garden plants in Europe. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2017; 26:43-53. [PMID: 28111525 PMCID: PMC5216452 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Plant invasions often follow initial introduction with a considerable delay. The current non-native flora of a region may hence contain species that are not yet naturalized but may become so in the future, especially if climate change lifts limitations on species spread. In Europe, non-native garden plants represent a huge pool of potential future invaders. Here, we evaluate the naturalization risk from this species pool and how it may change under a warmer climate. LOCATION Europe. METHODS We selected all species naturalized anywhere in the world but not yet in Europe from the set of non-native European garden plants. For this subset of 783 species, we used species distribution models to assess their potential European ranges under different scenarios of climate change. Moreover, we defined geographical hotspots of naturalization risk from those species by combining projections of climatic suitability with maps of the area available for ornamental plant cultivation. RESULTS Under current climate, 165 species would already find suitable conditions in > 5% of Europe. Although climate change substantially increases the potential range of many species, there are also some that are predicted to lose climatically suitable area under a changing climate, particularly species native to boreal and Mediterranean biomes. Overall, hotspots of naturalization risk defined by climatic suitability alone, or by a combination of climatic suitability and appropriate land cover, are projected to increase by up to 102% or 64%, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the risk of naturalization of European garden plants will increase with warming climate, and thus it is very likely that the risk of negative impacts from invasion by these plants will also grow. It is therefore crucial to increase awareness of the possibility of biological invasions among horticulturalists, particularly in the face of a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Alps Adria UniversitySchottenfeldgasse 29Vienna1070Austria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 5Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10Konstanz78457Germany
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Günther Klonner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Michael Kuttner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhonice25243Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhonice25243Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueViničná 7Prague12844Czech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), University of Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSGrenoble38000France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10Konstanz78457Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
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40
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Bucharova A, Frenzel M, Mody K, Parepa M, Durka W, Bossdorf O. Plant ecotype affects interacting organisms across multiple trophic levels. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sedlacek J, Cortés AJ, Wheeler J, Bossdorf O, Hoch G, Klápště J, Lexer C, Rixen C, Wipf S, Karrenberg S, van Kleunen M. Evolutionary potential in the Alpine: trait heritabilities and performance variation of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea from different elevations and microhabitats. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3940-52. [PMID: 27516856 PMCID: PMC4972222 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpine ecosystems are seriously threatened by climate change. One of the key mechanisms by which plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions is through evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the evolutionary potential in wild populations of long-lived alpine plants. Here, we investigated heritabilities of phenological traits, leaf size, and performance traits in natural populations of the long-lived alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea using relatedness estimates inferred from SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Salix herbacea occurs in early- and late-snowmelt microhabitats (ridges and snowbeds), and we assessed how performance consequences of phenological traits and leaf size differ between these microhabitats in order to infer potential for evolutionary responses. Salix herbacea showed low, but significant, heritabilities of leaf size, clonal and sexual reproduction, and moderate heritabilities of phenological traits. In both microhabitats, we found that larger leaves, longer intervals between snowmelt and leaf expansion, and longer GDD (growing-degree days) until leaf expansion resulted in a stronger increase in the number of stems (clonal reproduction). In snowbeds, clonal reproduction increased with a shorter GDD until flowering, while the opposite was found on ridges. Furthermore, the proportion of flowering stems increased with GDD until flowering in both microhabitats. Our results suggest that the presence of significant heritable variation in morphology and phenology might help S. herbacea to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, it remains to be seen if the rate of such an evolutionary response can keep pace with the rapid rate of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Sedlacek
- EcologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Andrés J. Cortés
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D75236UppsalaSweden
- Present address: Department of Plant BiologySwedish Agricultural UniversityUndervisningsplan 7E75007UppsalaSweden
| | - Julia Wheeler
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFFlüelastrasse 117260DavosSwitzerland
- Institute of BotanyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056BaselSwitzerland
- Present address: Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusetts01003
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary EcologyInstitute of Evolution and EcologyAuf der Morgenstelle 5University of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Guenter Hoch
- Institute of BotanyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jaroslav Klápště
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesFaculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest TreesFaculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences in PragueKamýcká 129165 21Prague 6Czech Republic
- Present address: Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.)49 Sala StreetWhakarewarewa3046RotoruaNew Zealand
| | - Christian Lexer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14A‐1030ViennaAustria
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFFlüelastrasse 117260DavosSwitzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFFlüelastrasse 117260DavosSwitzerland
| | - Sophie Karrenberg
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D75236UppsalaSweden
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- EcologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078457KonstanzGermany
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43
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Bucharova A, Durka W, Hermann JM, Hölzel N, Michalski S, Kollmann J, Bossdorf O. Plants adapted to warmer climate do not outperform regional plants during a natural heat wave. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4160-5. [PMID: 27516871 PMCID: PMC4880551 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With ongoing climate change, many plant species may not be able to adapt rapidly enough, and some conservation experts are therefore considering to translocate warm‐adapted ecotypes to mitigate effects of climate warming. Although this strategy, called assisted migration, is intuitively plausible, most of the support comes from models, whereas experimental evidence is so far scarce. Here we present data on multiple ecotypes of six grassland species, which we grew in four common gardens in Germany during a natural heat wave, with temperatures 1.4–2.0°C higher than the long‐term means. In each garden we compared the performance of regional ecotypes with plants from a locality with long‐term summer temperatures similar to what the plants experienced during the summer heat wave. We found no difference in performance between regional and warm‐adapted plants in four of the six species. In two species, regional ecotypes even outperformed warm‐adapted plants, despite elevated temperatures, which suggests that translocating warm‐adapted ecotypes may not only lack the desired effect of increased performance but may even have negative consequences. Even if adaptation to climate plays a role, other factors involved in local adaptation, such as biotic interactions, may override it. Based on our results, we cannot advocate assisted migration as a universal tool to enhance the performance of local plant populations and communities during climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution & Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Halle Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management Technische Universität München München Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Halle Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Institute of Evolution & Ecology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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44
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Bucharova A, Michalski S, Hermann JM, Heveling K, Durka W, Hölzel N, Kollmann J, Bossdorf O. Genetic differentiation and regional adaptation among seed origins used for grassland restoration: lessons from a multispecies transplant experiment. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Karola Heveling
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Durka W, Michalski SG, Berendzen KW, Bossdorf O, Bucharova A, Hermann JM, Hölzel N, Kollmann J. Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan G. Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Kenneth W. Berendzen
- ZMBP - Central Facilities; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
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Wang Z, Bossdorf O, Prati D, Fischer M, van Kleunen M. Transgenerational effects of land use on offspring performance and growth in Trifolium repens. Oecologia 2015; 180:409-20. [PMID: 26496993 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Central European grasslands vary widely in productivity and in mowing and grazing regimes. The resulting differences in competition and heterogeneity among grasslands might have direct effects on plants, but might also affect the growth and morphology of their offspring through maternal effects or adaptive evolution. To test for such transgenerational effects, we grew plants of the clonal herb Trifolium repens from seeds collected in 58 grassland sites differing in productivity and mowing and grazing intensities in different treatments: without competition, with homogeneous competition, and with heterogeneous competition. In the competition-free treatment, T. repens from more productive, less frequently mown, and less intensively grazed sites produced more vegetative offspring, but this was not the case in the other treatments. When grown among or in close proximity to competitors, T. repens plants did not show preferential growth towards open spaces (i.e., no horizontal foraging), but did show strong vertical foraging by petiole elongation. In the homogeneous competition treatment, petiole length increased with the productivity of the parental site, but this was not the case in the heterogeneous competition treatment. Moreover, petiole length increased with mowing frequency and grazing intensity of the parental site in all but the homogeneous competition treatment. In summary, although the expression of differences between plants from sites with different productivities and land-use intensities depended on the experimental treatment, our findings imply that there are transgenerational effects of land use on the morphology and performance of T. repens.
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Manning P, Gossner MM, Bossdorf O, Allan E, Zhang YY, Prati D, Blüthgen N, Boch S, Böhm S, Börschig C, Hölzel N, Jung K, Klaus VH, Klein AM, Kleinebecker T, Krauss J, Lange M, Müller J, Pašalić E, Socher SA, Tschapka M, Türke M, Weiner C, Werner M, Gockel S, Hemp A, Renner SC, Wells K, Buscot F, Kalko EKV, Linsenmair KE, Weisser WW, Fischer M. Grassland management intensification weakens the associations among the diversities of multiple plant and animal taxa. Ecology 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1307.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sedlacek J, Wheeler JA, Cortés AJ, Bossdorf O, Hoch G, Lexer C, Wipf S, Karrenberg S, van Kleunen M, Rixen C. The Response of the Alpine Dwarf Shrub Salix herbacea to Altered Snowmelt Timing: Lessons from a Multi-Site Transplant Experiment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122395. [PMID: 25893438 PMCID: PMC4403918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is altering spring snowmelt patterns in alpine and arctic ecosystems, and these changes may alter plant phenology, growth and reproduction. To predict how alpine plants respond to shifts in snowmelt timing, we need to understand trait plasticity, its effects on growth and reproduction, and the degree to which plants experience a home-site advantage. We tested how the common, long-lived dwarf shrub Salix herbacea responded to changing spring snowmelt time by reciprocally transplanting turfs of S. herbacea between early-exposure ridge and late-exposure snowbed microhabitats. After the transplant, we monitored phenological, morphological and fitness traits, as well as leaf damage, during two growing seasons. Salix herbacea leafed out earlier, but had a longer development time and produced smaller leaves on ridges relative to snowbeds. Longer phenological development times and smaller leaves were associated with reduced sexual reproduction on ridges. On snowbeds, larger leaves and intermediate development times were associated with increased clonal reproduction. Clonal and sexual reproduction showed no response to altered snowmelt time. We found no home-site advantage in terms of sexual and clonal reproduction. Leaf damage probability depended on snowmelt and thus exposure period, but had no short-term effect on fitness traits. We conclude that the studied populations of S. herbacea can respond to shifts in snowmelt by plastic changes in phenology and leaf size, while maintaining levels of clonal and sexual reproduction. The lack of a home-site advantage suggests that S. herbacea may not be adapted to different microhabitats. The studied populations are thus unlikely to react to climate change by rapid adaptation, but their responses will also not be constrained by small-scale local adaptation. In the short term, snowbed plants may persist due to high stem densities. However, in the long term, reduction in leaf size and flowering, a longer phenological development time and increased exposure to damage may decrease overall performance of S. herbacea under earlier snowmelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Sedlacek
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia A. Wheeler
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrés J. Cortés
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guenter Hoch
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lexer
- Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Karrenberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260, Davos, Switzerland
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Latzel V, Allan E, Bortolini Silveira A, Colot V, Fischer M, Bossdorf O. Epigenetic diversity increases the productivity and stability of plant populations. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2875. [PMID: 24285012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological diversity within species can be an important driver of population and ecosystem functioning. Until now, such within-species diversity effects have been attributed to underlying variation in DNA sequence. However, within-species differences, and thus potentially functional biodiversity, can also be created by epigenetic variation. Here, we show that epigenetic diversity increases the productivity and stability of plant populations. Epigenetically diverse populations of Arabidopsis thaliana produce up to 40% more biomass than epigenetically uniform populations. The positive epigenetic diversity effects are strongest when populations are grown together with competitors and infected with pathogens, and they seem to be partly driven by complementarity among epigenotypes. Our study has two implications: first, we may need to re-evaluate previous within-species diversity studies where some effects could reflect epigenetic diversity; second, we need to incorporate epigenetics into basic ecological research, by quantifying natural epigenetic diversity and testing for its ecological consequences across many different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Latzel
- 1] Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland [2] Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Sedlacek JF, Bossdorf O, Cortés AJ, Wheeler JA, van Kleunen M. What role do plant–soil interactions play in the habitat suitability and potential range expansion of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea? Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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