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De Alba-Alvarado M, Bucio-Torres MI, Zenteno E, Sampedro-Carrillo E, Hernández-Lopez M, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Torres-Gutiérrez E, Guevara-Gomez Y, Guerrero-Alquicira R, Cabrera-Bravo M, Salazar-Schettino PM. Response to Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in a Murine Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:568745. [PMID: 33134353 PMCID: PMC7572856 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.568745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopathy is a common, irreversible manifestation of the chronic phase of Chagas disease; however, there is controversy as to how the causes for progression from the acute to the chronic phase are defined. In this work, the presence of the parasite is correlated with the occurrence of cell infiltration and fibrosis in cardiac tissues, as well as IgG detection and disease progression in a murine model. Fifty CD1 mice were infected intraperitoneally with Trypanosoma cruzi, while 30 control were administered with saline solution. Parasitemia levels were determined, and IgG titers were quantified by ELISA. At different times, randomly selected mice were euthanized, and the heart was recovered. Cardiac tissue slides were stained with HE and Masson trichrome stain. A significant increase in parasitemia levels was observed after 15 days post-infection (dpi), with a maximum of 4.1 × 106 parasites on 33 dpi, ending on 43 dpi; amastigote nests were observed on 15–62 dpi. Histological analysis revealed lymphocytic infiltration and fibrotic lesions from 8 dpi until the end of the study, on 100 dpi. The presence of plasma cells in the myocardium observed on 40–60 dpi, accompanied by seropositivity to ELISA on 40–100 dpi, was regarded as the hallmark of the transition phase. Meanwhile, the chronic phase, characterized by the absence of amastigotes, presence of cell infiltration, fibrotic lesions, and seropositivity, started on 62 dpi. A strong correlation between parasitemia and the presence of amastigote nests was found (r2 = 0.930), while correlation between the presence of fibrosis and of amastigote nests was weak (r2 = 0.306), and that between fibrosis and lymphocyte infiltration on 100 dpi was strong (r2 = 0.899). The murine model is suitable to study Chagas disease, since it can reproduce the chronic and acute phases of the human disease. The acute phase was determined to occur on 1–60 dpi, while the chronic phase starts on 62 dpi, and fibrotic damage is a consequence of the continuous inflammatory infiltration; on the other hand, fibrosis was determined to start on the acute phase, being more apparent in the chronic phase, when Chagas disease-related cardiopathy is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Alba-Alvarado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Sampedro-Carrillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Hernández-Lopez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elia Torres-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Guevara-Gomez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alquicira
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Torres-Gutiérrez E, Pérez-Cervera Y, Camoin L, Zenteno E, Aquino-Gil MO, Lefebvre T, Cabrera-Bravo M, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Bucio-Torres MI, Salazar-Schettino PM. Identification of O-Glcnacylated Proteins in Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:199. [PMID: 30984116 PMCID: PMC6449728 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally an anthropozoonosis in the Americas, Chagas disease has spread from its previous borders through migration. It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Differences in disease severity have been attributed to a natural pleomorphism in T. cruzi. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been studied in T. cruzi, but to date no work has focused on O-GlcNAcylation, a highly conserved monosaccharide-PTM of serine and threonine residues mainly found in nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is thought to regulate protein function analogously to protein phosphorylation; indeed, crosstalk between both PTMs allows the cell to regulate its functions in response to nutrient levels and stress. Herein, we demonstrate O-GlcNAcylation in T. cruzi epimastigotes by three methods: by using specific antibodies against the modification in lysates and whole parasites, by click chemistry labeling, and by proteomics. In total, 1,271 putative O-GlcNAcylated proteins and six modification sequences were identified by mass spectrometry (data available via ProteomeXchange, ID PXD010285). Most of these proteins have structural and metabolic functions that are essential for parasite survival and evolution. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation pattern variations were observed by antibody detection under glucose deprivation and heat stress conditions, supporting their possible role in the adaptive response. Given the numerous biological processes in which O-GlcNAcylated proteins participate, its identification in T. cruzi proteins opens a new research field in the biology of Trypanosomatids, improve our understanding of infection processes and may allow us to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Torres-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez-Cervera
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM and Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Luc Camoin
- INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmetes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Moyira Osny Aquino-Gil
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM and Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Oaxaca, Mexico
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Paz María Salazar-Schettino
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3
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Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Ambrosio-Hernández JR, Piña-Barba MC, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Cerbón-Cervantes MA, Tapia-Ramírez J, Alcantara-Quintana LE. Isolation of human mesenchymal stem cells and their cultivation on the porous bone matrix. J Vis Exp 2015:e51999. [PMID: 25742362 PMCID: PMC4354626 DOI: 10.3791/51999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a differentiation potential towards osteoblastic lineage when they are stimulated with soluble factors or specific biomaterials. This work presents a novel option for the delivery of MSCs from human amniotic membrane (AM-hMSCs) that employs bovine bone matrix Nukbone (NKB) as a scaffold. Thus, the application of MSCs in repair and tissue regeneration processes depends principally on the efficient implementation of the techniques for placing these cells in a host tissue. For this reason, the design of biomaterials and cellular scaffolds has gained importance in recent years because the topographical characteristics of the selected scaffold must ensure adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into the desired cell lineage in the microenvironment of the injured tissue. This option for the delivery of MSCs from human amniotic membrane (AM-hMSCs) employs bovine bone matrix as a cellular scaffold and is an efficient culture technique because the cells respond to the topographic characteristics of the bovine bone matrix Nukbone (NKB), i.e., spreading on the surface, macroporous covering and colonizing the depth of the biomaterial, after the cell isolation process. We present the procedure for isolating and culturing MSCs on a bovine matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Depto. Materiales Metálicos y Cerámicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Depto. of Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Hernández
- Depto. of Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Javier R Ambrosio-Hernández
- Depto. of Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Maria C Piña-Barba
- Depto. Materiales Metálicos y Cerámicos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez
- Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
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Díaz-Chiguer DL, Hernández-Luis F, Nogueda-Torres B, Castillo R, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández-Campos A, Ambrosio JR. JVG9, a benzimidazole derivative, alters the surface and cytoskeleton of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:757-60. [PMID: 25317703 PMCID: PMC4238767 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi has a particular cytoskeleton that consists of a
subpellicular network of microtubules and actin microfilaments. Therefore, it is an
excellent target for the development of new anti-parasitic drugs. Benzimidazole
2-carbamates, a class of well-known broad-spectrum anthelmintics, have been shown to
inhibit the in vitro growth of many protozoa. Therefore, to find efficient
anti-trypanosomal (trypanocidal) drugs, our group has designed and synthesised
several benzimidazole derivatives. One, named JVG9
(5-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol), has been found to be effective
against T. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes under both in vitro
and in vivo conditions. Here, we present the in vitro effects observed by laser
scanning confocal and scanning electron microscopy on T. cruzi
trypomastigotes. Changes in the surface and the distribution of the
cytoskeletal proteins are consistent with the hypothesis that the trypanocidal
activity of JVG9 involves the cytoskeleton as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L Díaz-Chiguer
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Javier R Ambrosio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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5
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Ambrosio JR, Ostoa-Saloma P, Palacios-Arreola MI, Ruíz-Rosado A, Sánchez-Orellana PL, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Nava-Castro KE, Martínez-Velázquez N, Escobedo G, Ibarra-Coronado EG, Valverde-Islas L, Morales-Montor J. Oestradiol and progesterone differentially alter cytoskeletal protein expression and flame cell morphology in Taenia crassiceps. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:687-96. [PMID: 24879953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on cytoskeletal protein expression in the helminth Taenia crassiceps - specifically actin, tubulin and myosin. These proteins assemble into flame cells, which constitute the parasite excretory system. Total protein extracts were obtained from E2- and P4-treated T. crassiceps cysticerci and untreated controls, and analysed by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and videomicroscopy. Exposure of T. crassiceps cysticerci to E2 and P4 induced differential protein expression patterns compared with untreated controls. Changes in actin, tubulin and myosin expression were confirmed by flow cytometry of parasite cells and immunofluorescence. In addition, parasite morphology was altered in response to E2 and P4 versus controls. Flame cells were primarily affected at the level of the ciliary tuft, in association with the changes in actin, tubulin and myosin. We conclude that oestradiol and progesterone act directly on T. crassiceps cysticerci, altering actin, tubulin and myosin expression and thus affecting the assembly and function of flame cells. Our results increase our understanding of several aspects of the molecular crosstalk between host and parasite, which might be useful in designing anthelmintic drugs that exclusively impair parasitic proteins which mediate cell signaling and pathogenic reproduction and establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Ambrosio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - M Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Azucena Ruíz-Rosado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro L Sánchez-Orellana
- Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, México DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Centro de investigación sobre enfermedades infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nancy Martínez-Velázquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México, AP 06726, México DF, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth G Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Valverde-Islas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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Reynoso-Ducoing O, Valverde-Islas L, Paredes-Salomon C, Pérez-Reyes A, Landa A, Robert L, Mendoza G, Ambrosio JR. Analysis of the expression of cytoskeletal proteins of Taenia crassiceps ORF strain cysticerci (Cestoda). Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1955-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Márquez-Navarro A, Pérez-Reyes A, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández-Campos A, Hernández-Luis F, Castillo R, Yépez-Mulia L, Ambrosio JR. RCB20, an experimental benzimidazole derivative, affects tubulin expression and induces gross anatomical changes in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2215-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ibarra-Coronado EG, Escobedo G, Nava-Castro K, Jesús Ramses CR, Hernández-Bello R, García-Varela M, Ambrosio JR, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Fonseca-Liñán R, Ortega-Pierres G, Pavón L, Hernández ME, Morales-Montor J. A helminth cestode parasite express an estrogen-binding protein resembling a classic nuclear estrogen receptor. Steroids 2011; 76:1149-59. [PMID: 21621550 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of an estrogen-binding protein similar to a known mammalian estrogen receptor (ER) is described in the estradiol-dependent reproduction of the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps. Previous results have shown that 17-β-estradiol induces a concentration-dependent increase in bud number of in vitro cultured cysticerci. This effect is inhibited when parasites are also incubated in the presence of an ER binding-inhibitor (tamoxifen). RT-PCR assays using specific oligonucleotides of the most conserved ER sequences, showed expression by the parasite of a mRNA band of molecular weight and sequence corresponding to an ER. Western blot assays revealed reactivity with a 66 kDa protein corresponding to the parasite ER protein. Tamoxifen treatment strongly reduced the production of the T. crassiceps ER-like protein. Antibody specificity was demonstrated by immunoprecipitating the total parasite protein extract with anti-ER-antibodies. Cross-contamination by host cells was discarded by flow cytometry analysis. ER was specifically detected on cells expressing paramyosin, a specific helminth cell marker. Parasite cells expressing the ER-like protein were located by confocal microscopy in the subtegumental tissue exclusively. Analysis of the ER-like protein by bidimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot identified a specific protein of molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to a vertebrates ER. Sequencing of the spot produced a small fragment of protein similar to the mammalian nuclear ER. Together these results show that T. crassiceps expresses an ER-like protein which activates the budding of T. crassiceps cysticerci in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an ER-like protein in parasites. This finding may have strong implications in the fields of host-parasite co-evolution as well as in sex-associated susceptibility to this infection, and could be an important target for the design of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Guadalupe Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, México
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9
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Valverde-Islas LE, Arrangoiz E, Vega E, Robert L, Villanueva R, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Willms K, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Fortoul TI, Ambrosio JR. Visualization and 3D reconstruction of flame cells of Taenia solium (cestoda). PLoS One 2011; 6:e14754. [PMID: 21412407 PMCID: PMC3055865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flame cells are the terminal cells of protonephridial systems, which are part of the excretory systems of invertebrates. Although the knowledge of their biological role is incomplete, there is a consensus that these cells perform excretion/secretion activities. It has been suggested that the flame cells participate in the maintenance of the osmotic environment that the cestodes require to live inside their hosts. In live Platyhelminthes, by light microscopy, the cells appear beating their flames rapidly and, at the ultrastructural, the cells have a large body enclosing a tuft of cilia. Few studies have been performed to define the localization of the cytoskeletal proteins of these cells, and it is unclear how these proteins are involved in cell function. Methodology/Principal Findings Parasites of two different developmental stages of T. solium were used: cysticerci recovered from naturally infected pigs and intestinal adults obtained from immunosuppressed and experimentally infected golden hamsters. Hamsters were fed viable cysticerci to recover adult parasites after one month of infection. In the present studies focusing on flame cells of cysticerci tissues was performed. Using several methods such as video, confocal and electron microscopy, in addition to computational analysis for reconstruction and modeling, we have provided a 3D visual rendition of the cytoskeletal architecture of Taenia solium flame cells. Conclusions/Significance We consider that visual representations of cells open a new way for understanding the role of these cells in the excretory systems of Platyhelminths. After reconstruction, the observation of high resolution 3D images allowed for virtual observation of the interior composition of cells. A combination of microscopic images, computational reconstructions and 3D modeling of cells appears to be useful for inferring the cellular dynamics of the flame cell cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Valverde-Islas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Esteban Arrangoiz
- Laboratorio de 3D, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Elio Vega
- Departamento de Visualización, Dirección General de Cómputo y de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (DGTIC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Lilia Robert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Rafael Villanueva
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Kaethe Willms
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Teresa I. Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Javier R. Ambrosio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
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Ambrosio JR, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Ferrer A, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Fortoul TI. Observaciones al Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido del Interior de un Proglótido de un Parásito Adulto de Taenia solium. INT J MORPHOL 2011. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022011000100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cevallos AM, Segura-Kato YX, Merchant-Larios H, Manning-Cela R, Alberto Hernández-Osorio L, Márquez-Dueñas C, Ambrosio JR, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández R. Trypanosoma cruzi: multiple actin isovariants are observed along different developmental stages. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:249-59. [PMID: 20705070 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The expression and biological role of actin during the Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle remains largely unknown. Polyclonal antibodies against a recombinant T. cruzi actin protein were used to confirm its expression in epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes. Although the overall levels of expression were similar, clear differences in the subcellular distribution of actin among the developmental stages were identified. The existence of five actin variants in each developmental stage with distinct patterns of expression were uncovered by immunoblotting of protein extracts separated 2D-SDS gels. The isoelectric points of the actin variants in epimastigotes ranged from 4.45 to 4.9, whereas they ranged from 4.9 to 5.24 in trypomastigotes and amastigotes. To determine if the actin variants found could represent previously unidentified actins, we performed a genomic survey of the T.cruzi GeneDB database and found 12 independent loci encoding for a diverse group of actins and actin-like proteins that are conserved among trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Cevallos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-228, México, DF, Mexico.
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12
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Trejo-Chávez H, García-Vilchis D, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Ambrosio JR. In vitro evaluation of the effects of cysticidal drugs in the Taenia crassiceps cysticerci ORF strain using the fluorescent CellTracker CMFDA. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:294-9. [PMID: 20599436 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using a murine model of cysticercosis caused by the Taenia crassiceps ORF strain, we developed a fluorescent quantitative evaluation of the action of two well known anti-helminthic drugs: albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel. The fluorescence emitted by a biotransformed CellTracker Probe known as CellTracker Green CMFDA in the vesicular fluids of cysticerci was estimated, and the results were compared with macroscopic observations of the parasites. The pharmacological EC(50) value of each drug and changes in the level of biotransformation of the fluorescent tracker caused by the drugs could be easily calculated. These drug-induced changes in biotransformation could be related to changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio of parasites. Both the cysticercosis murine model and the CMFDA biotransformation assay could be used as an in vitro screening method to evaluate potential or well known cysticidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Trejo-Chávez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edif A, 2do Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Cruz-Rivera M, Reyes-Torres A, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Flisser A, Ambrosio JR. Comparison of biochemical and immunochemical properties of myosin II in taeniid parasites. Cell Biol Int 2006; 30:598-602. [PMID: 16733094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type II myosins are highly conserved proteins, though differences have been observed among organisms, mainly in the filamentous region. Myosin isoforms have been identified in Taenia solium, a helminth parasite of public health importance in many developing countries. These isoforms are probably associated with the physiological requirements of each developmental stage of the parasite. In this paper we extend the characterization of myosin to several other Taenia species. Type II myosins were purified from the larvae (cysticerci) of Taenia solium, T. taeniaeformis and T. crassiceps and the adult stages of T. solium, T. taeniaeformis and T. saginata. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against some of these myosins were specific at high dilutions but cross-reacted at low dilutions. ATPase activity was evaluated and kinetic values were calculated for each myosin. Homologous actin-myosin interactions increased both the affinity of myosin for ATP and the hydrolysis rate. The results indicate immunological and biochemical differences among taeniid myosins. This variability suggests that different isoforms are found not only in different taeniid species but also at different developmental stages. Further characterization of myosin isoforms should include determination of their amino acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A 2 piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, 04510, México
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14
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Gonzalez-Malerva L, Cruz-Rivera M, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Retamal C, Flisser A, Ambrosio JR. Muscular myosin isoforms of Taenia solium (Cestoda). Cell Biol Int 2005; 28:885-94. [PMID: 15566958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Type II myosin, the primary component of the thick filament of muscle fibers, is organized as a dimeric high molecular weight protein, and is composed of a pair of heavy chains (MHC) and two pairs of light chains. Myosin II transforms ATP energy into mechanical force. All type II myosins are conserved proteins but they have two variable regions that are located in different places of the molecule. Myosin molecules are encoded by a multigene family and many isoforms are generated. The expression of myosins depends on the developmental stage and on the type and degree of contractile activity and tissue, therefore several myosin isoforms are found in the same organism. Here we describe the use of different techniques that allowed demonstrating the presence of isoforms of the heavy chain type II myosin of Taenia solium cysticerci (larvae) and tapeworms (adults), a cestode parasite of importance in public health in many developing countries. Myosin was purified and used in comparative proteolytic fragmentation, ATPase activity, detection of antigenic differences and electrophoretic separation. The results obtained showed biochemical and immunochemical differences among cysticerci and tapeworms, and demonstrate the presence of myosin isoforms in T. solium that are probably associated to physiological requirements of each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez-Malerva
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico
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15
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Ambrosio JR, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández-Sanchez H, Correa-Piña D, González-Malerva L, Cruz-Rivera M, Flisser A. Actin expression in Taenia solium cysticerci (cestoda): tisular distribution and detection of isoforms. Cell Biol Int 2004; 27:727-33. [PMID: 12972277 DOI: 10.1016/s1065-6995(03)00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification, localization and partial biochemical characterization of actins expressed in the larval stage of the cestode parasite Taenia solium has been carried out. Frozen tissue sections of cysticerci, the larval stage of this parasite, were reacted with rhodamine-phalloidin, parasite actin was purified by polymerization in the presence of K(+), Mg(++) and ATP actin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting of actin was performed in PVDF membranes and with commercial anti-actin monoclonal antibodies. Parasitic tissues showed different fibrous actin fluorescence patterns, which correlated with the expression of isoactins. Purified globular actin had a similar molecular mass to rabbit commercial actin (approximately 44 kDa). Actin was resolved into seven isoforms, indicating a family of actin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Ambrosio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2o Piso, Circ. Int. Cd. Universitaria, D.F. 04510 Mexico, Mexico.
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16
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Kumar D, McGeown JG, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Ambrosio JR, Fairweather I. Observations on the musculature and isolated muscle fibres of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 2004; 127:457-73. [PMID: 14653535 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica relies on a well-developed muscular system, not only for attachment, but for many aspects of its biology. Despite this, little is known about the system beyond the gross organization of the main somatic muscle layers. In the present study, a range of techniques have been applied to F. hepatica in order to understand more about various aspects of muscle organization, biochemistry (in terms of muscle proteins) and identity of isolated muscle fibres. Scanning electron microscopy has provided a direct visualization in situ of the somatic muscle layers and the organization of the muscle fibres within the ventral sucker. The muscle bundles contributing to the main somatic muscle layers are made up of up to 10 individual muscle fibres. Phalloidin staining for actin, in conjunction with confocal microscopy, confirmed the presence of 2 main somatic muscle layers (outer circular, inner longitudinal), beneath which lies a third layer of oblique muscle fibres. The use of propidium iodide in combination with phalloidin staining for actin demonstrated that the cell bodies associated with the 2 main somatic muscle layers are situated beneath the longitudinal muscle layer and are connected to their respective muscle fibres by short cytoplasmic processes. Myosin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the somatic muscle layers and in the muscle layers surrounding various organ systems within the fluke. Double labelling for actin and myosin confirmed the co-localization of the 2 muscle proteins in the muscle fibres of the ventral sucker. Muscle fibres from the somatic muscle layers and the ventral sucker have been isolated and images obtained with phase-contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The muscle fibres contain actin and myosin, but lack a nucleus, the connection with the cell body having been broken during the isolation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumar
- Parasite Proteomics and Therapeutics Research Group, School of Biology, and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
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