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Blomster TM, Koivurova OP, Koskela R, Herzig KH, Talley NJ, Ronkainen J. Pregnancy period and early-life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1038. [PMID: 38622673 PMCID: PMC11017657 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the pregnancy period, perinatal period, and infancy period risk factors for IBD in a well-characterized birth cohort from Northern Finland. METHODS The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) population comprises mothers living in the two northernmost provinces of Finland, Oulu, and Lapland, with dates of delivery between Jan 1st and Dec 31st, 1966 (12 055 mothers, 12 058 live-born children, 96.3% of all births during 1966). IBD patients were identified using hospital registries (from 1966 to 2020) and Social Insurance Institution (SII) registry reimbursement data for IBD drugs (from 1978 to 2016). The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 6972 individuals provided informed consent for the use of combined SII and hospital registry data. Of those, 154 (2.1%) had IBD (113 [1.6%] had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 41 (0.6%) had Crohn's disease (CD)). According to multivariate analysis, maternal smoking > 10 cigarettes/day during pregnancy was associated with a nearly 6-fold increased risk of CD in the offspring (OR 5.78, 95% CI 1.70-17.3). Breastfeeding (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08-0.44) and iron supplementation during the first year of life (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.89) were negatively associated with CD. CONCLUSIONS Smoking during pregnancy was associated with the risk of CD while Breastfeeding and oral iron supplementation at infancy were negatively associated with the risk of CD later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo M Blomster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ritva Koskela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Primary Health Care Center, Lapland Welfare District, Tornio, Finland.
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, FIN-90014, Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Finland.
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Koivurova OP, Koskela R, Blomster T, Ala-Rämi A, Lumme H, Kettunen O, Hukkanen J, Karttunen TJ, Mäkinen M, Ronkainen J, Syrjänen K. Serological Biomarker Panel in Diagnosis of Atrophic Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastroscopy Referral Patients: Clinical Validation of the New-Generation GastroPanel ® Test. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5527-5537. [PMID: 34732423 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prompted by the increasing demand of non-invasive diagnostic tools for screening of gastric cancer (GC) risk conditions, i.e., atrophic gastritis (AG) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, the GastroPanel® test (GP: biomarker panel of PGI, PGII, G-17, Hp IgG ELISA) that was developed in the early 2000's, was recently updated to a new-generation (unified GP) test version. This clinical validation study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the new-generation GP test in detection of AG and Hp among gastroscopy referral patients in a University Clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Altogether, 522 patients were enrolled among the patients referred for gastroscopy at the Gastro Center, Oulu University Hospital (OUH). All patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsies classified using the Updated Sydney System (USS), and blood sampling for GP testing. RESULTS Biopsy-confirmed AG was found in 10.2% (53/511) of the patients. The overall agreement between the GP and the USS classification was 92.4% (95%CI=90.0-94.6%), with the weighted kappa (κw) of 0.861 (95%CI=0.834-0.883). In ROC analysis using moderate/severe AG of the corpus (AGC2+) as the endpoint, AUC=0.952 (95%CI=0.891-1.000) and AUC=0.998 (95%CI=0.996-1.000) for PGI and PGI/PGII, respectively. Hp IgG antibody ELISA detected biopsy-confirmed Hp-infection with AUC=0.993 (95%CI=0.987-0.999). CONCLUSION The new generation GastroPanel® is a precise test for non-invasive diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and Hp-infection in dyspeptic patients referred for diagnostic gastroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritva Koskela
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Blomster
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Ala-Rämi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Lumme
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Kettunen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; .,SMW Consultants, Ltd., Kaarina, Finland
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Lähdeaho ML, Scheinin M, Vuotikka P, Taavela J, Popp A, Laukkarinen J, Koffert J, Koivurova OP, Pesu M, Kivelä L, Lovró Z, Keisala J, Isola J, Parnes JR, Leon F, Mäki M. Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in adults with coeliac disease exposed to gluten challenge: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:948-959. [PMID: 31494096 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is implicated in the pathophysiology of coeliac disease. AMG 714 is the first anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody to be investigated for the treatment of coeliac disease. We aimed to investigate the effects of AMG 714 in patients with coeliac disease who underwent gluten challenge. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2a trial was done at three clinical sites in Finland. Inclusion criteria included age 18-80 years, a confirmed diagnosis of coeliac disease, and adherence to a gluten-free diet for at least 12 months before screening. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 150 mg AMG 714, 300 mg AMG 714, or placebo using permuted blocks and stratified by study site and sex. Patients and study staff were masked to treatment assignment. Treatments were administered by two subcutaneous injections every 2 weeks for 10 weeks (total six doses). Patients without severe villous atrophy at baseline received a gluten challenge (2-4 g daily) during weeks 2-12. Small bowel biopsy samples were obtained for histological assessments at baseline and week 12. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage change from baseline to week 12 in villous height-to-crypt depth (VHCD) ratio. Secondary endpoints were CD3-positive intraepithelial lymphocyte density; clinical symptoms measured by gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), coeliac disease GSRS, and Bristol stool form scale (BSFS); and changes in anti-tTG and anti-DGP antibodies from baseline. The primary analysis was done in the per-protocol 1 population of patients who received at least one dose of study drug and who underwent the gluten challenge. Safety analyses were done in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02637141 and EudraCT, 2015-003647-19. FINDINGS Between April 13, 2016, and Nov 22, 2016, 64 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the 150 mg AMG 714 group (n=22), the 300 mg AMG 714 group (n=22), or the placebo group (n=20). Two patients did not start treatment and two did not provide post-treatment biopsy samples. 49 patients underwent the gluten challenge (per-protocol 1 population) and 11 patients did not because of baseline villous atrophy. AMG 714 did not prevent mucosal injury due to gluten challenge. The least square mean difference in the relative change from baseline in VHCD ratio was -2·49% (95% CI -16·82 to 11·83; p=0·73) between 150 mg AMG 714 and placebo and 6·39% (-7·07 to 19·85; p=0·34) between 300 mg AMG 714 and placebo. Neither comparison was statistically significant. The density of CD3-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes increased in all groups, with smaller increases in the 300 mg group (-41·24% [95% CI -79·28 to -3·20] vs placebo, nominal p=0·03) but not the 150 mg group (-14·32% [-54·39 to 25·74], nominal p=0·47). Clinical symptoms were ameliorated with AMG 714 treatment between baseline and week 12, particularly diarrhoea as measured by the BSFS (nominal p=0·01 for 150 mg vs placebo, and nominal p=0·0002 for 300 mg vs placebo). Serum antibody titres for anti-tTG and anti-DGP antibodies increased in all three treatment groups, with no significant difference between AMG 714 and placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 21 (95%) patients in the 150 mg AMG 714 group, 0 (95%) in the 300 mg AMG 714 group, and 19 (100%) in the placebo group. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (17 [77%] participants in the 150 mg AMG 714 group, 16 [76%] in the 300 mg AMG 714 group, and 13 [68%] in the placebo group). Injection site reactions were the most common individual adverse event, reported in eight (36%) patients in the 150 mg AMG 714 group, 11 (52%) in the 300 mg group, and five (26%) in the placebo group. No serious adverse events occurred. INTERPRETATION The primary endpoint, change in VHCD ratio from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment in patients with coeliac disease undergoing gluten challenge, was not significantly different between placebo and AMG 714 at either 150 mg or 300 mg. Effects on intraepithelial lymphocyte density and symptoms suggest that further research of AMG 714 may be warranted in patients with non-responsive coeliac disease. FUNDING Celimmune and Amgen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Clinical Research Services Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Vuotikka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Terveystalo, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Taavela
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alina Popp
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Jukka Koffert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Marko Pesu
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Kivelä
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zsófia Lovró
- Clinical Research Services Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joni Keisala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Terveystalo, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Jilab, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jane R Parnes
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Leon
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Celimmune, Bethesda, MD, USA; Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Provention Bio, Oldwick, NJ, USA.
| | - Markku Mäki
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Käräjämäki AJ, Kettunen O, Lepojärvi S, Koivurova OP, Kesäniemi YA, Huikuri H, Ukkola O. Presence of atrial fibrillation is associated with liver stiffness in an elderly Finnish population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173855. [PMID: 28288202 PMCID: PMC5348018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic liver injury from different etiologies drives liver fibrosis. However, little is known about the associated factors, systemic factors in particular. Recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atrial fibrillation have been shown to be associated with each other. Thereby, we aimed to study the association between atrial fibrillation and liver stiffness. Study Extensive clinical measurements including echocardiography of the heart, transient elastography (TE) of the liver and the presence of atrial fibrillation were determined in elderly Finnish study subjects (n = 76, mean age 73 years) from OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating the Risk of Atherosclerosis) study cohort. Half of the study subjects had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas others did not have any known hepatic morbidity. The present study was cross-sectional by nature. Results The subjects with atrial fibrillation had higher TE values (with atrial fibrillation TE = 9.3kPa, without atrial fibrillation TE = 6.3kPa, p = 0.018). When the cohort was divided to four subgroups (those without NAFLD or atrial fibrillation, with NAFLD but without atrial fibrillation, with both conditions, and with atrial fibrillation but without NAFLD), the TE value was the highest in the subjects with both conditions (5.3kPa, 7.4kPa, 10.8kPa and 7.8kPa, respectively, p = 0.019). Moreover, the higher the TE value, the more prevalent atrial fibrillation was (the atrial fibrillation prevalence by tertiles of TE 27% / 36% / 77%, p = 0.001). Likewise, the greater the TE value, the greater the left atrial diameter, a collateral of atrial fibrillation (left atrial diameters by tertiles of TE 39mm / 45mm / 48mm, p<0.001) was. All these p-values for continuous variables remained statistically significant even after adjustment for common clinically relevant risk factors. Conclusions There is an association between atrial fibrillation and liver stiffness. This novel association may have multiple explanations and mechanistic links, which are discussed here and need further studies, prospective studies in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Juhani Käräjämäki
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Olli Kettunen
- Abdominal Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samuli Lepojärvi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Koivurova
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y. Antero Kesäniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Käräjämäki AJ, Bloigu R, Kauma H, Kesäniemi YA, Koivurova OP, Perkiömäki J, Huikuri H, Ukkola O. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome: Different long-term outcomes. Metabolism 2017; 66:55-63. [PMID: 27423871 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, there is a great overlap between these two diseases. The present study was aimed to examine the cardiovascular and metabolic prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS Middle-aged subjects (n=958) were divided into four subgroups, those with NAFLD and MetS, those with NAFLD or MetS, and healthy controls. The baseline characteristics of the subgroups were analyzed. The follow-up time for cardiovascular events was about 16years. After approximately 21years the cardiac ultrasound and laboratory parameters were re-analyzed and new type 2 diabetes cases were recorded. RESULTS Those with both diseases were at the greatest risk for cardiovascular events (p<0.001). Compared to healthy controls, only those with MetS, with or without NAFLD, were at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) and for an increase in left ventricular mass index (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The cardiovascular and metabolic risk in subjects with NAFLD only was quite similar to that in healthy controls. The I148M variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3 polymorphism) was most present in those with NAFLD only (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD with MetS implies a considerable risk for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and the increase of left ventricular mass index whereas NAFLD without MetS does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Juhani Käräjämäki
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Kauma
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y Antero Kesäniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Koivurova
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Perkiömäki
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and interleukin 6 polymorphism -174 (rs1800795) in dyslipidemia. DESIGN Case-control study comparing serum lipids between H. pylori positive and negative patients and controlling for IL-6 -174 polymorphism, age, sex and smoking. SETTING 3 hospitals performing outpatient endoscopies in the city of Oulu, Finland. PARTICIPANTS 199 adult patients with dyspepsia symptoms fulfilling Rome criteria originating from ethnically Finnish population. Patients with an immunosuppressive disorder or malignant disease, treated H. pylori infection, immunosuppressive or anticoagulant medication, previous gastric surgery or ongoing antibiotic treatment were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Association of H. pylori infection and serum lipid concentrations in the whole group or in genotype-based subgroups. The associations between peptic ulcer, gastric mucosal inflammation and serum lipid concentrations were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS The median high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum concentration was significantly lower in the H. pylori positive group (0.81 mmol/L) than in the negative group (0.95 mmol/L; p<0.001). In the genotype subgroup analyses, a similar association between H. pylori infection and HDL serum levels was seen within the IL-6 -174 CC genotype group (HDL 0.72 vs 1.06 mmol/L, respectively; p<0.001), but no significant associations were seen in the GC or GG genotype groups. Additionally, patients with peptic ulcer demonstrated lower HDL levels (0.75 mmol/L) than H. pylori positive patients without ulcer (0.86 mmol/L; p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection associated significantly with low serum levels of HDL in the IL-6 -174 CC genotype patients but not in the other genotypes. This suggests that the association between H. pylori infection and serum HDL could be transmitted through IL-6. We suggest that the role of IL-6 genotype should also be studied in relation to other associations between gastrointestinal microbiome and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Seppo E Niemelä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta A Karttunen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Pohjanen VM, Koivurova OP, Huhta H, Helminen O, Mäkinen JM, Karhukorpi JM, Joensuu T, Koistinen PO, Valtonen JM, Niemelä SE, Karttunen RA, Karttunen TJ. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Wild Type Homozygozity of Polymorphisms +896 and +1196 Is Associated with High Gastrin Serum Levels and Peptic Ulcer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131553. [PMID: 26161647 PMCID: PMC4498789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 is a part of the innate immune system and recognizes Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. The goal of this study was to analyze the role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms +896 (rs4986790) and +1196 (rs4986791) in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori related gastroduodenal diseases in relation to gastric secretion and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms, serum gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I and II concentrations were determined, and gastroscopies with histopathological analyses were performed to 216 dyspeptic patients. As genotype controls, 179 controls and 61 gastric cancer patients were studied. In our study, the Toll-like receptor 4 +896 and +1196 polymorphisms were in total linkage disequilibrium. The homozygous wild types displayed higher gastrin-17 serum concentrations than the mutants (p = 0.001) and this effect was independent of Helicobacter pylori. The homozygous wild types also displayed an increased risk for peptic ulcers (OR: 4.390). Toll-like receptor 4 genotypes did not show any association with Helicobacter pylori positivity or the features of gastric inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 expression was seen in gastrin and somatostatin expressing cells of antral mucosa by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest a role for Toll-like receptor 4 in gastric acid regulation and that the Toll-like receptor 4 +896 and +1196 wild type homozygozity increases peptic ulcer risk via gastrin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Heikki Huhta
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna M. Mäkinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari M. Karhukorpi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre Joint Authority Enterprise (ISLAB), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tapio Joensuu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pietarsaari City Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland
| | | | | | - Seppo E. Niemelä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta A. Karttunen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J. Karttunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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8
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Lähdeaho ML, Kaukinen K, Laurila K, Vuotikka P, Koivurova OP, Kärjä-Lahdensuu T, Marcantonio A, Adelman DC, Mäki M. Glutenase ALV003 attenuates gluten-induced mucosal injury in patients with celiac disease. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1649-58. [PMID: 24583059 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gluten ingestion leads to small intestinal mucosal injury in patients with celiac disease, necessitating strict life-long exclusion of dietary gluten. Despite adherence to a gluten-free diet, many patients remain symptomatic and still have small intestinal inflammation. In this case, nondietary therapies are needed. We investigated the ability of ALV003, a mixture of 2 recombinant gluten-specific proteases given orally, to protect patients with celiac disease from gluten-induced mucosal injury in a phase 2 trial. METHODS We established the optimal daily dose of gluten to be used in a 6-week challenge study. Then, in the intervention study, adults with biopsy-proven celiac disease were randomly assigned to groups given ALV003 (n = 20) or placebo (n = 21) together with the daily gluten challenge. Duodenal biopsies were collected at baseline and after gluten challenge. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth and densities of intraepithelial lymphocytes were the primary end points. RESULTS A daily dose of 2 g gluten was selected for the intervention study. Sixteen patients given ALV003 and 18 given placebo were eligible for efficacy evaluation. Biopsies from subjects in the placebo group showed evidence of mucosal injury after gluten challenge (mean villus height to crypt depth ratio changed from 2.8 before challenge to 2.0 afterward; P = .0007; density of CD3(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes changed from 61 to 91 cells/mm after challenge; P = .0003). However, no significant mucosal deterioration was observed in biopsies from the ALV003 group. Between groups, morphologic changes and CD3(+) intraepithelial lymphocyte counts differed significantly from baseline to week 6 (P = .0133 and P = .0123, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in symptoms between groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on a phase 2 trial, the glutenase ALV003 appears to attenuate gluten-induced small intestinal mucosal injury in patients with celiac disease in the context of an everyday gluten-free diet containing daily up to 2 g gluten. Clinicaltrial.gov, NUMBERS NCT00959114 and NCT01255696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Leena Lähdeaho
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Kaukinen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Kaija Laurila
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Markku Mäki
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Pohjanen VM, Koivurova OP, Mäkinen JM, Karhukorpi JM, Joensuu T, Koistinen PO, Valtonen JM, Niemelä SE, Karttunen RA, Karttunen TJ. Interleukin 6 gene polymorphism -174 is associated with the diffuse type gastric carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:976-82. [PMID: 23893709 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the significance of the interleukin 6 gene polymorphism -174 in gastric cancer risk. The interleukin 6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) gene polymorphisms was analyzed in gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, and nonulcer dyspepsia patients and in healthy control subjects and the data were correlated with the histopathological features of the patients' biopsies. The interleukin 6 -174 GG and GC genotypes have been previously associated with high interleukin 6 serum levels. We discovered that the interleukin 6 -174 GG and GC genotypes are associated with an increased risk of the diffuse histologic subtype of gastric carcinomas (OR: 6.809, P = 0.034), but absent in the intestinal type carcinomas (OR: 1.109, P = 0.908). No significant associations with peptic ulcer, gastric atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia were seen. Our results demonstrate that the interleukin 6 -174 GG and GC genotypes increase the risk of the diffuse type gastric carcinoma, but not the intestinal type gastric carcinoma or its precursor conditions, including atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Thus, interleukin 6 seems to be an important carcinogenetic factor in the diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma and its carcinogenetic effect could be noninflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
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Mattila E, Anttila VJ, Broas M, Marttila H, Poukka P, Kuusisto K, Pusa L, Sammalkorpi K, Dabek J, Koivurova OP, Vähätalo M, Moilanen V, Widenius T. A randomized, double-blind study comparing Clostridium difficile immune whey and metronidazole for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: Efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 40:702-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00365540801964960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Koivurova OP, Karhukorpi JMJ, Joensuu ET, Koistinen PO, Valtonen JM, Karttunen TJ, Niemelä SE, Karttunen RA. IL-1 RN 2/2 genotype and simultaneous carriage of genotypes IL-1 RN 2/2 and IL-1beta-511 T/T associated with oesophagitis in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003; 38:1217-22. [PMID: 14750640 DOI: 10.1080/00365520310006504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype 2/2 is associated with a prolonged and enhanced inflammatory response. It is suspected of being a risk factor for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer and for some autoimmune diseases. No specific genetic risk factors for oesophagitis have been identified so far and there are no reports of IL-1 polymorphism in relation to oesophageal disease. METHODS We studied the IL-1RN, IL-1beta-511 and IL-1beta + 3953 polymorphisms in an unselected series of 142 adult patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy because of dyspepsia. The control group consisted of university staff and students (n = 179). Helicobacter pylori status was determined by antibody testing and bacterial detection. RESULTS Endoscopic oesophagitis was noted in 40 patients. The IL-1RN 2/2 genotype was significantly more prevalent in the patients with H. pylori-negative oesophagitis than in the control subjects (27% versus 9%; OR 3.574, CI 1.23-10.35, P = 0.034) or in the dyspeptic patients (27% versus 7%; OR 5.089. CI 1.51-17.11, P = 0.009). IL-1beta-511 T/T genotype tended to be more frequent in the H. pylori-negative patients with oesophagitis than in the control subjects (P = 0.071). The strongest association was between the simultaneous carriage of genotypes IL-1RN 2/2 and IL-1beta -511 T/T and H. pylori-negative oesophagitis. where the combined genotype was more prevalent than in the control subjects (23% versus 6%; OR 4.492, CI 1.40-14.46, P = 0.012) or the dyspeptic patients without oesophagitis (23% versus 3%: OR 9.706. CI 2.12-44.42, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the IL-1RN 2/2 genotype and the carriage of combined genotypes IL-1RN 2/2 + IL-1beta-511 T/T are associated with H. pylori-negative oesophagitis. This is the first report on the association between IL-1 gene polymorphism and oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Koivurova
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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