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Nguyen AN, Plotkin AL, Odumade OA, De Armas L, Pahwa S, Morrocchi E, Cotugno N, Rossi P, Foster C, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Tagarro A, Syphurs C, Diray-Arce J, Fatou B, Ozonoff A, Levy O, Palma P, Smolen KK. Effective early antiretroviral therapy in perinatal-HIV infection reduces subsequent plasma inflammatory profile. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1667-1674. [PMID: 37308683 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term immunologic effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated how the timing of ART initiation affects the long-term immune profile of children living with PHIV by measuring immunomodulatory plasma cytokines, chemokines, and adenosine deaminases (ADAs). METHODS 40 PHIV participants initiated ART during infancy. 39 participant samples were available; 30 initiated ART ≤6 months (early-ART treatment); 9 initiated ART >6 months and <2 years (late-ART treatment). We compared plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations and ADA enzymatic activities between early-ART and late-ART treatment 12.5 years later and measured correlation with clinical covariates. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of 10 cytokines and chemokines (IFNγ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-IRA, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-9 as well as CCL7, CXCL10), ADA1, and ADA total were significantly higher in late-ART compared to early-ART treatment. Furthermore, ADA1 was significantly positively correlated with IFNγ, IL-17A, and IL-12p70. Meanwhile, total ADA was positively correlated with IFNγ, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-1RA, IL-6, and IL-12p70 as well as CCL7. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of several pro-inflammatory plasma analytes in late-ART despite 12.5 years of virologic suppression compared to early-ART treatment suggests that early treatment dampens the long-term plasma inflammatory profile in PHIV participants. IMPACT This study examines differences in the plasma cytokine, chemokine, and ADA profiles 12.5 years after treatment between early (≤6months) and late (>6 months and <2 years) antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment initiation in a cohort of European and UK study participants living with PHIV. Several cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IFNγ, IL-12p70, IL-6, and CXCL10) as well as ADA-1 are elevated in late-ART treatment in comparison to early-ART treatment. Our results suggest that effective ART treatment initiated within 6 months of life in PHIV participants dampens a long-term inflammatory plasma profile as compared to late-ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena N Nguyen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec L Plotkin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley De Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caroline Foster
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre. Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Tagarro
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre. Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía. Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica e Innovación del Hospital Infanta Sofía y del Henares (FIIB HUIS HHEN). Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caitlin Syphurs
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ahmed S, Odumade OA, van Zalm P, Fatou B, Hansen R, Martin CR, Angelidou A, Steen H. Proteomics-Based Mapping of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Changes in Noninvasively Accessible Oral Secretions. J Pediatr 2023; 270:113774. [PMID: 37839510 PMCID: PMC11014893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if oral secretions (OS) can be used as a noninvasively collected body fluid, in lieu of tracheal aspirates (TA), to track respiratory status and predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development in infants born <32 weeks. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective, single center cohort study that included data and convenience samples from week-of-life (WoL) 3 from 2 independent preterm infant cohorts. Using previously banked samples, we applied our sample-sparing, high-throughput proteomics technology to compare OS and TA proteomes in infants born <32 weeks admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (Cohort 1; n = 23 infants). In a separate similar cohort, we mapped the BPD-associated changes in the OS proteome (Cohort 2; n = 17 infants including 8 with BPD). RESULTS In samples collected during the first month of life, we identified 607 proteins unique to OS, 327 proteins unique to TA, and 687 overlapping proteins belonging to pathways involved in immune effector processes, neutrophil degranulation, leukocyte mediated immunity, and metabolic processes. Furthermore, we identified 37 OS proteins that showed significantly differential abundance between BPD cases and controls: 13 were associated with metabolic and immune dysregulation, 10 of which (eg, SERPINC1, CSTA, BPI) have been linked to BPD or other prematurity-related lung disease based on blood or TA investigations, but not OS. CONCLUSIONS OS are a noninvasive, easily accessible alternative to TA and amenable to high-throughput proteomic analysis in preterm newborns. OS samples hold promise to yield actionable biomarkers of BPD development, particularly for prospective categorization and timely tailored treatment of at-risk infants with novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Neonatology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Hansen
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Asimenia Angelidou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Beijnen EMS, Odumade OA, Haren SDV. Molecular Determinants of the Early Life Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030509. [PMID: 36992093 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations from primary COVID infection in children are generally less severe as compared to adults, and severe pediatric cases occur predominantly in children with underlying medical conditions. However, despite the lower incidence of disease severity, the burden of COVID-19 in children is not negligible. Throughout the course of the pandemic, the case incidence in children has substantially increased, with estimated cumulative rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptomatic illness in children comparable to those in adults. Vaccination is a key approach to enhance immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2. Although the immune system of children is functionally distinct from that of other age groups, vaccine development specific for the pediatric population has mostly been limited to dose-titration of formulations that were developed primarily for adults. In this review, we summarize the literature pertaining to age-specific differences in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. In addition, we review molecular distinctions in how the early life immune system responds to infection and vaccination. Finally, we discuss recent advances in development of pediatric COVID-19 vaccines and provide future directions for basic and translational research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M S Beijnen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Angelidou A, Evans J, Idoko O, Levy O, Lewis NP, Nanishi E, Odumade OA, Ozonoff A, Plotkin S, Sherman AC, van Haren SD, Weitzman ER. Precision Vaccines: Lessons Learned From the Coronavirus Pandemic. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S1. [PMID: 35439282 PMCID: PMC9376275 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asimenia Angelidou
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Olubukola Idoko
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Pignatiello Lewis
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stanley Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elissa R Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Odumade OA, van Haren SD, Angelidou A. Implications of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S130-S135. [PMID: 35579506 PMCID: PMC9129219 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections account for a large percentage of global disease and death. Respiratory syncytial virus is a seasonal virus affecting immunologically vulnerable populations, such as preterm newborns and young infants; however, its epidemiology has changed drastically during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this perspective, we discuss the implications of coronavirus disease 2019 on respiratory syncytial virus seasonality patterns and mitigation efforts, as well as the urgent need for vaccination as a preventive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A Odumade
- Correspondence: Oludare Odumade, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, CC BCH 3136, Boston, MA 02115 ()
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asimenia Angelidou
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Ahmed S, Odumade OA, van Zalm P, Smolen KK, Fujimura K, Muntel J, Rotunno MS, Winston AB, Steen JA, Parad RB, Van Marter LJ, Kourembanas S, Steen H. Urine Proteomics for Noninvasive Monitoring of Biomarkers in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Neonatology 2022; 119:193-203. [PMID: 35073553 PMCID: PMC8940649 DOI: 10.1159/000520680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current techniques to diagnose and/or monitor critically ill neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) require invasive sampling of body fluids, which is suboptimal in these frail neonates. We tested our hypothesis that it is feasible to use noninvasively collected urine samples for proteomics from extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) at risk for BPD to confirm previously identified proteins and biomarkers associated with BPD. METHODS We developed a robust high-throughput urine proteomics methodology that requires only 50 μL of urine. We utilized the methodology with a proof-of-concept study validating proteins previously identified in invasively collected sample types such as blood and/or tracheal aspirates on urine collected within 72 h of birth from ELGANs (gestational age [26 ± 1.2] weeks) who were admitted to a single Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), half of whom eventually developed BPD (n = 21), while the other half served as controls (n = 21). RESULTS Our high-throughput urine proteomics approach clearly identified several BPD-associated changes in the urine proteome recapitulating expected blood proteome changes, and several urinary proteins predicted BPD risk. Interestingly, 16 of the identified urinary proteins are known targets of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration. CONCLUSION In addition to validating numerous proteins, previously found in invasively collected blood, tracheal aspirate, and bronchoalveolar lavage, that have been implicated in BPD pathophysiology, urine proteomics also suggested novel potential therapeutic targets. Ease of access to urine could allow for sequential proteomic evaluations for longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and impact of therapeutic intervention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Department of Pediatrics, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Department of Pediatrics, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimino Fujimura
- Department of Neurobiology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Muntel
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa S Rotunno
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abigail B Winston
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith A Steen
- Department of Neurobiology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard B Parad
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda J Van Marter
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Smolen KK, Plotkin AL, Shannon CP, Idoko OT, Pak J, Darboe A, van Haren S, Amenyogbe N, Tebbutt SJ, Kollmann TR, Kampmann B, Ozonoff A, Levy O, Odumade OA. Ontogeny of plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations across the first week of human life. Cytokine 2021; 148:155704. [PMID: 34597920 PMCID: PMC8665647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/background & aims: Early life is marked by distinct and rapidly evolving immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. The vulnerability of the newborn reflects development of a complex immune system in the face of rapidly changing demands during the transition to extra-uterine life. Cytokines and chemokines contribute to this dynamic immune signaling network and can be altered by many factors, such as infection. Newborns undergo dynamic changes important to health and disease, yet there is limited information regarding human neonatal plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations over the first week of life. The few available studies are limited by small sample size, cross-sectional study design, or focus on perturbed host states like severe infection or prematurity. To characterize immune ontogeny among healthy full-term newborns, we assessed plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations across the first week of life in a robust longitudinal cohort of healthy, full-term African newborns. Methods: We analyzed a subgroup of a cohort of healthy newborns at the Medical Research Council Unit in The Gambia (West Africa; N = 608). Peripheral blood plasma was collected from all study participants at birth (day of life (DOL) 0) and at one follow-up time point at DOL 1, 3, or 7. Plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured by bead-based cytokine multiplex assay. Unsupervised clustering was used to identify patterns in plasma cytokine and chemokine ontogeny during early life. Results: We observed an increase across the first week of life in plasma Th1 cytokines such as IFNγ and CXCL10 and a decrease in Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10, and chemokines such as CXCL8. In contrast, other cytokines and chemokines (e.g. IL-4 and CCL5, respectively) remained unchanged during the first week of life. This robust ontogenetic pattern did not appear to be affected by gestational age or sex. Conclusions: Ontogeny is a strong driver of newborn plasma-based levels of cytokines and chemokines throughout the first week of life with a rising IFNγ axis suggesting post-natal upregulation of host defense pathways. Our study will prove useful to the design and interpretation of future studies aimed at understanding the neonatal immune system during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alec L Plotkin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey P Shannon
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, 10th Floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada
| | - Olubukola T Idoko
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia; The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK
| | - Jensen Pak
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alansana Darboe
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia; The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK
| | - Simon van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, 10th Floor, 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K5, Canada; UBC Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Vancouver, V6T1Z4 BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, V6T1Z4 BC, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia; The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London UK
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Solomon S, Akeju O, Odumade OA, Ambachew R, Gebreyohannes Z, Van Wickle K, Abayneh M, Metaferia G, Carvalho MJ, Thomson K, Sands K, Walsh TR, Milton R, Goddard FGB, Bekele D, Chan GJ. Prevalence and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance among newborns with gram-negative sepsis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255410. [PMID: 34343185 PMCID: PMC8330902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newborn sepsis accounts for more than a third of neonatal deaths globally and one in five neonatal deaths in Ethiopia. The first-line treatment recommended by WHO is the combination of gentamicin with ampicillin or benzylpenicillin. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are increasingly resistant to previously effective antibiotics. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteremia and identify risk factors for antibiotic resistance, among newborns with GNB sepsis. METHODS At a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia, we enrolled a cohort pregnant women and their newborns, between March and December 2017. Newborns who were followed up until 60 days of life for clinical signs of sepsis. Among the newborns with clinical signs of sepsis, blood samples were cultured; bacterial species were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. We described the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, identified newborn, maternal, and environmental factors associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), and combined resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin (AmpGen), using multivariable regression. RESULTS Of the 119 newborns with gram-negative bacteremia, 80 (67%) were born preterm and 82 (70%) had early-onset sepsis. The most prevalent gram-negative species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 94 (79%) followed by Escherichia coli 10 (8%). Ampicillin resistance was found in 113 cases (95%), cefotaxime 104 (87%), gentamicin 101 (85%), AmpGen 101 (85%), piperacillin-tazobactam 47 (39%), amikacin 10 (8.4%), and Imipenem 1 (0.8%). Prevalence of MDR was 88% (n = 105). Low birthweight and late-onset sepsis (LOS) were associated with higher risks of AmpGen-resistant infections. All-cause mortality was higher among newborns treated with ineffective antibiotics. CONCLUSION There was significant resistance to current first-line antibiotics and cephalosporins. Additional data are needed from primary care and community settings. Amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam had lower rates of resistance; however, context-specific assessments of their potential adverse effects, their local availability, and cost-effectiveness would be necessary before selecting a new first-line regimen to help guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaria Solomon
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Oluwasefunmi Akeju
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oludare A. Odumade
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rozina Ambachew
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kimi Van Wickle
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mahlet Abayneh
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gesit Metaferia
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria J. Carvalho
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kathryn Thomson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Sands
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R. Walsh
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, Ineos Oxford Institute of Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Milton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Delayehu Bekele
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Grace J. Chan
- St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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9
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Odumade OA, Plotkin AL, Pak J, Idoko OT, Pettengill MA, Kollmann TR, Ozonoff A, Kampmann B, Levy O, Smolen KK. Plasma Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-1 and -2 Demonstrate Robust Ontogeny Across the First Four Months of Human Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:578700. [PMID: 34122398 PMCID: PMC8190399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.578700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenosine deaminases (ADAs) modulate the immune response: ADA1 via metabolizing adenosine, a purine metabolite that inhibits pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokine production, and the multi-functional ADA2, by enhancing T-cell proliferation and monocyte differentiation. Newborns are relatively deficient in ADA1 resulting in elevated plasma adenosine concentrations and a Th2/anti-inflammatory bias compared to adults. Despite the growing recognition of the role of ADAs in immune regulation, little is known about the ontogeny of ADA concentrations. Methods In a subgroup of the EPIC002-study, clinical data and plasma samples were collected from 540 Gambian infants at four time-points: day of birth; first week of life; one month of age; and four months of age. Concentrations of total extracellular ADA, ADA1, and ADA2 were measured by chromogenic assay and evaluated in relation to clinical data. Plasma cytokines/chemokine were measured across the first week of life and correlated to ADA concentrations. Results ADA2 demonstrated a steady rise across the first months of life, while ADA1 concentration significantly decreased 0.79-fold across the first week then increased 1.4-fold by four months of life. Males demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of ADA2 (1.1-fold) than females at four months; newborns with early-term (37 to <39 weeks) and late-term (≥41 weeks) gestational age demonstrated significantly higher ADA1 at birth (1.1-fold), and those born to mothers with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) had lower plasma concentrations of ADA2 at one month (0.93-fold). Plasma ADA1 concentrations were positively correlated with plasma CXCL8 during the first week of life, while ADA2 concentrations correlated positively with TNFα, IFNγ and CXCL10, and negatively with IL-6 and CXCL8. Conclusions The ratio of plasma ADA2/ADA1 concentration increased during the first week of life, after which both ADA1 and ADA2 increased across the first four months of life suggesting a gradual development of Th1/Th2 balanced immunity. Furthermore, ADA1 and ADA2 were positively correlated with cytokines/chemokines during the first week of life. Overall, ADA isoforms demonstrate robust ontogeny in newborns and infants but further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify their roles in early life immune development and the correlations with sex, gestational age, and maternal age that were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A. Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alec L. Plotkin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jensen Pak
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olubukola T. Idoko
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Pettengill
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growing awareness of the vital role of the microbiome in the function of the immune system. Recently, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the composition of the microbiome and the vaccine-specific immune response. As a result of these findings, the administration of probiotics has been proposed as a means of boosting vaccine-specific immunity. Early results have so far been highly inconsistent, with little evidence of sustained benefit. To date, a precise determination of the aspects of the microbiome that impact immunity is still lacking, and the mechanisms of action are also unknown. Further investigations into these questions are necessary to effectively manipulate the microbiome for the purpose of boosting immunity and enhancing vaccine-specific responses in infants. In this review, we summarize recent studies aimed at altering the neonatal gut microbiome to enhance vaccine responses and highlight gaps in knowledge and understanding. We also discuss research strategies aimed at filling these gaps and developing potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Ruck
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Medicine Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Idoko OT, Smolen KK, Wariri O, Imam A, Shannon CP, Dibassey T, Diray-Arce J, Darboe A, Strandmark J, Ben-Othman R, Odumade OA, McEnaney K, Amenyogbe N, Pomat WS, van Haren S, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Brinkman RR, Steen H, Hancock REW, Tebbutt SJ, Richmond PC, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Kollmann TR, Levy O, Ozonoff A, Kampmann B. Corrigendum: Clinical Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study Employing Systems Biology to Identify Markers of Vaccine Immunogenicity in Newborn Infants in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:610461. [PMID: 33313031 PMCID: PMC7707081 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.610461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00197.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola T Idoko
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia.,Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,CIH LMU Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oghenebrume Wariri
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Abdulazeez Imam
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - Tida Dibassey
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alansana Darboe
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Julia Strandmark
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kerry McEnaney
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - William S Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guzmán Sanchez-Schmitz
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan R Brinkman
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anita H J van den Biggelaar
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Idoko OT, Smolen KK, Wariri O, Imam A, Shannon CP, Dibassey T, Diray-Arce J, Darboe A, Strandmark J, Ben-Othman R, Odumade OA, McEnaney K, Amenyogbe N, Pomat WS, van Haren S, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Brinkman RR, Steen H, Hancock REW, Tebbutt SJ, Richmond PC, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Kollmann TR, Levy O, Ozonoff A, Kampmann B. Clinical Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study Employing Systems Biology to Identify Markers of Vaccine Immunogenicity in Newborn Infants in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:197. [PMID: 32426309 PMCID: PMC7205022 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection contributes to significant morbidity and mortality particularly in the very young and in low- and middle-income countries. While vaccines are a highly cost-effective tool against infectious disease little is known regarding the cellular and molecular pathways by which vaccines induce protection at an early age. Immunity is distinct in early life and greater precision is required in our understanding of mechanisms of early life protection to inform development of new pediatric vaccines. Methods and Analysis: We will apply transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, multiplex cytokine/chemokine, adenosine deaminase, and flow cytometry immune cell phenotyping to delineate early cellular and molecular signatures that correspond to vaccine immunogenicity. This approach will be applied to a neonatal cohort in The Gambia (N ~ 720) receiving at birth: (1) Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine alone, (2) Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine alone, or (3) HepB and BCG vaccines, (4) HepB and BCG vaccines delayed till day 10 at the latest. Each study participant will have a baseline peripheral blood sample drawn at DOL0 and a second blood sample at DOL1,-3, or-7 as well as late timepoints to assess HepB vaccine immunogenicity. Blood will be fractionated via a "small sample big data" standard operating procedure that enables multiple downstream systems biology assays. We will apply both univariate and multivariate frameworks and multi-OMIC data integration to identify features associated with anti-Hepatitis B (anti-HB) titer, an established correlate of protection. Cord blood sample collection from a subset of participants will enable human in vitro modeling to test mechanistic hypotheses identified in silico regarding vaccine action. Maternal anti-HB titer and the infant microbiome will also be correlated with our findings which will be validated in a smaller cohort in Papua New Guinea (N ~ 80). Ethics and Dissemination: The study has been approved by The Gambia Government/MRCG Joint Ethics Committee and The Boston Children's Hospital Institutional Review Board. Ethics review is ongoing with the Papua New Guinea Medical Research Advisory Committee. All de-identified data will be uploaded to public repositories following submission of study output for publication. Feedback meetings will be organized to disseminate output to the study communities. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03246230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola T Idoko
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia.,Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,CIH LMU Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oghenebrume Wariri
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Abdulazeez Imam
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - Tida Dibassey
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alansana Darboe
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Julia Strandmark
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kerry McEnaney
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - William S Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guzmán Sanchez-Schmitz
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan R Brinkman
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anita H J van den Biggelaar
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia.,The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Frosch AE, Odumade OA, Taylor JJ, Ireland K, Ayodo G, Ondigo B, Narum DL, Vulule J, John CC. Decrease in Numbers of Naive and Resting B Cells in HIV-Infected Kenyan Adults Leads to a Proportional Increase in Total and Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Atypical Memory B Cells. J Immunol 2017; 198:4629-4638. [PMID: 28526680 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with B cell activation and exhaustion, and hypergammaglobulinemia. How these changes influence B cell responses to coinfections such as malaria is poorly understood. To address this, we compared B cell phenotypes and Abs specific for the Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate apical membrane Ag-1 (AMA1) in HIV-infected and uninfected adults living in Kenya. Surprisingly, HIV-1 infection was not associated with a difference in serum AMA1-specific Ab levels. HIV-infected individuals had a higher proportion of total atypical and total activated memory B cells (MBCs). Using an AMA1 tetramer to detect AMA1-specific B cells, HIV-infected individuals were also shown to have a higher proportion of AMA1-specific atypical MBCs. However, this proportional increase resulted in large part from a loss in the number of naive and resting MBCs rather than an increase in the number of atypical and activated cells. The loss of resting MBCs and naive B cells was mirrored in a population of cells specific for an Ag to which these individuals were unlikely to have been chronically exposed. Together, the data show that changes in P. falciparum Ag-specific B cell subsets in HIV-infected individuals mirror those in the overall B cell population, and suggest that the increased proportion of atypical MBC phenotypes found in HIV-1-infected individuals results from the loss of naive and resting MBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Frosch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kathleen Ireland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - George Ayodo
- Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bartholomew Ondigo
- Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya.,Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - John Vulule
- Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Chandy C John
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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14
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Beura LK, Hamilton SE, Bi K, Schenkel JM, Odumade OA, Casey KA, Thompson EA, Fraser KA, Rosato PC, Filali-Mouhim A, Sekaly RP, Jenkins MK, Vezys V, Haining WN, Jameson SC, Masopust D. Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice. Nature 2016; 532:512-6. [PMID: 27096360 PMCID: PMC4871315 DOI: 10.1038/nature17655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of immunology was largely defined in laboratory mice because of experimental advantages including inbred homogeneity, tools for genetic manipulation, the ability to perform kinetic tissue analyses starting with the onset of disease, and tractable models. Comparably reductionist experiments are neither technically nor ethically possible in humans. Despite revealing many fundamental principals of immunology, there is growing concern that mice fail to capture relevant aspects of the human immune system, which may account for failures to translate disease treatments from bench to bedside1–8. Laboratory mice live in abnormally hygienic “specific pathogen free” (SPF) barrier facilities. Here we show that the standard practice of laboratory mouse husbandry has profound effects on the immune system and that environmental changes result in better recapitulation of features of adult humans. Laboratory mice lack effector-differentiated and mucosally distributed memory T cells, which more closely resembles neonatal than adult humans. These cell populations were present in free-living barn populations of feral mice, pet store mice with diverse microbial experience, and were induced in laboratory mice after co-housing with pet store mice, suggesting a role for environment. Consequences of altering mouse housing profoundly impacted the cellular composition of the innate and adaptive immune system and resulted in global changes in blood cell gene expression patterns that more closely aligned with immune signatures of adult humans rather than neonates, altered the mouse’s resistance to infection, and impacted T cell differentiation to a de novo viral infection. These data highlight the impact of environment on the basal immune state and response to infection and suggest that restoring physiological microbial exposure in laboratory mice could provide a relevant tool for modeling immunological events in free-living organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Beura
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Oludare A Odumade
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Kerry A Casey
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Emily A Thompson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Kathryn A Fraser
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Pamela C Rosato
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA
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Odumade OA. What specialty are you interested in? Minn Med 2012; 95:60. [PMID: 23243757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Balfour HH, Odumade OA, Schmeling DO, Mullan BD, Ed JA, Knight JA, Vezina HE, Thomas W, Hogquist KA. Behavioral, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with acquisition and severity of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in university students. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:80-8. [PMID: 23100562 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students were studied prospectively to determine the incidence of and risk factors for acquisition of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the virologic and immune correlates of disease severity. METHODS EBV antibody-negative freshmen participated in monthly surveillance until graduation. If antibodies developed, proximate samples were assayed for viral load by polymerase chain reaction. Lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell numbers and activation were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma cytokine levels were measured by a multiplex assay. RESULTS Of 546 students screened, 202 (37%) were antibody negative; 143 antibody-negative students were enrolled. During a median of 3 years of observation, 66 subjects experienced primary infection. Of these, 77% had infectious mononucleosis, 12% had atypical symptoms, and 11% were asymptomatic. Subjects reporting deep kissing with or without coitus had the same higher risk of infection than those reporting no kissing (P < .01). Viremia was transient, but median oral shedding was 175 days. Increases were observed in numbers of NK cells and CD8(+) T-cells but not in numbers of CD4(+) T-cells during acute infection. Severity of illness correlated positively with both blood EBV load (P = .015) and CD8(+) lymphocytosis (P = .0003). CONCLUSIONS Kissing was a significant risk for primary EBV infection. A total of 89% of infections were symptomatic, and blood viral load and CD8(+) lymphocytosis correlated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Balfour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Odumade OA, Knight JA, Schmeling DO, Masopust D, Balfour HH, Hogquist KA. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection does not erode preexisting CD8⁺ T cell memory in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:471-8. [PMID: 22393125 PMCID: PMC3302231 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection results in an unusually robust CD8(+) T cell response in young adults. Based on mouse studies, such a response would be predicted to result in attrition of preexisting memory to heterologous infections like influenza A (Flu) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Furthermore, many studies have attempted to define the lymphocytosis that occurs during acute EBV infection in humans, but it is unclear whether bystander T cells contribute to it. To address these issues, we performed a longitudinal prospective study of primary EBV infection in humans. During acute EBV infection, both preexisting CMV- and Flu-specific memory CD8(+) T cells showed signs of bystander activation, including up-regulation of granzyme B. However, they generally did not expand, suggesting that the profound CD8(+) lymphocytosis associated with acute EBV infection is composed largely of EBV-specific T cells. Importantly, the numbers of CMV- and Flu-specific T cells were comparable before and after acute EBV infection. The data support the concept that, in humans, a robust CD8(+) T cell response creates a new memory CD8(+) T cell niche without substantially depleting preexisting memory for heterologous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A Odumade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Lowman XH, McDonnell MA, Kosloske A, Odumade OA, Jenness C, Karim CB, Jemmerson R, Kelekar A. The proapoptotic function of Noxa in human leukemia cells is regulated by the kinase Cdk5 and by glucose. Mol Cell 2011; 40:823-33. [PMID: 21145489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The BH3-only protein, Noxa, is induced in response to apoptotic stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and proteasome inhibition in most human cells. Noxa is constitutively expressed in proliferating cells of hematopoietic lineage and required for apoptosis in response to glucose stress. We show that Noxa is phosphorylated on a serine residue (S(13)) in the presence of glucose. Phosphorylation promotes its cytosolic sequestration and suppresses its apoptotic function. We identify Cdk5 as the Noxa kinase and show that Cdk5 knockdown or expression of a Noxa S(13) to A mutant increases sensitivity to glucose starvation, confirming that the phosphorylation is protective. Both glucose deprivation and Cdk5 inhibition promote apoptosis by dephosphorylating Noxa. Paradoxically, Noxa stimulates glucose consumption and may enhance glucose turnover via the pentose phosphate pathway rather than through glycolysis. We propose that Noxa plays both growth-promoting and proapoptotic roles in hematopoietic cancers with phospho-S(13) as the glucose-sensitive toggle switch controlling these opposing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xazmin H Lowman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Takada K, Wang X, Hart GT, Odumade OA, Weinreich MA, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC. Kruppel-like factor 2 is required for trafficking but not quiescence in postactivated T cells. J Immunol 2010; 186:775-83. [PMID: 21160050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was proposed to regulate genes involved in cell cycle entry and T cell trafficking; however, the physiological role of its expression in postactivated T cells is not well defined. Previous studies suggested that the cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 differentially regulate KLF2 re-expression in postactivation T cells and that these cytokines also influence effector versus memory T cell differentiation. Using conditional and inducible KLF2-knockout model systems, we tested the specific role of KLF2 expression in activated CD8(+) T cells cultured with these cytokines. KLF2 was required for effective transcription of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P(1)) and CD62L in postactivation T cells. However, although different cytokines dramatically altered the expression of cell-cycle-related genes, endogenous KLF2 had a minimal impact. Correspondingly, KLF2-deficient T cells showed dysregulated trafficking but not altered proliferative characteristics following in vivo responses to Ag. Thus, our data help to define KLF2-dependent and -independent aspects of activated CD8(+) T cell differentiation and argue against a physiological role in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Odumade OA, Weinreich MA, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. Krüppel-like factor 2 regulates trafficking and homeostasis of gammadelta T cells. J Immunol 2010; 184:6060-6. [PMID: 20427763 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
gammadelta T cells are generated in the thymus and traffic to secondary lymphoid organs and epithelial surfaces, where they regulate immune responses. alphabeta T cells require sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1P(1)) and CD62L for thymic emigration and circulation through secondary lymphoid organs. Both of these genes are regulated by the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in conventional alphabeta T cells. It is unclear if gammadelta T cells use similar mechanisms. In this study, we show that thymic gammadelta T cells express S1P(1) and that it is regulated by KLF2. Furthermore, KLF2 and S1P(1)-deficient gammadelta T cells accumulate in the thymus and fail to populate the secondary lymphoid organs or gut, in contrast to the expectation from published work. Interestingly, KLF2 but not S1P(1) deficiency led to the expansion of a usually rare population of CD4(+) promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger(+) "gammadelta NKT" cells. Thus, KLF2 is critically important for the homeostasis and trafficking of gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A Odumade
- Center for Immunology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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Odumade OA, Weinreich MA, Takada K, McCaughtry T, Carlson CM, Lingrel J, Elewaut D, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. The role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in thymic emigration and trafficking of non-conventional T cell lineages (82.16). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.82.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune function is dependent on the proper development of T cells in the thymus and emigration of these cells to the periphery. We recently showed the transcription factor KLF2 is required for emigration via regulation of S1P1 (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1) and CD62L in conventional αβ T cells. However, the role of KLF2 and S1P1 in trafficking of non-conventional T cell subsets (γδ T cells, Treg, NKT, and Gut intraepithelial lymphocytes -IEL) has yet to be described. We show here that KLF2 is differentially expressed within the T cells subsets studied using both mRNA expression via quantitative PCR and/or a novel KLF2-GFP reporter mouse model. While KLF2 and S1P1 can be detected in sorted non-conventional thymic T cells and Gut IEL αβ T cells, we report no detectable KLF2 in Gut IEL γδ T cells. Using several KLF2 deficient mouse models, trafficking defects were observed in Treg, NKT, and Gut-IEL (αβ and γδ) populations. Finally, the data suggest that lack of KLF2 alters both the distribution and the phenotype of γδ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Overall, our results suggest that KLF2 is a common means by which different T cell lineages regulate trafficking and/or entry.
Funding provided by the National Institutes of Health (AI038903 to SCJ and AI039560 to KAH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A Odumade
- 1Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Kensuke Takada
- 1Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tom McCaughtry
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jerry Lingrel
- 4Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- 5Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Njoku DB, Talor MV, Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Odumade OA, Rose NR. A novel model of drug hapten-induced hepatitis with increased mast cells in the BALB/c mouse. Exp Mol Pathol 2005; 78:87-100. [PMID: 15713433 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that idiosyncratic hepatitis following administration of halogenated volatile anesthetics is mediated by autoimmune responses. No murine model to study mechanisms of anesthetic-induced or any other form of drug-induced idiosyncratic hepatitis exists. Anesthetics are believed to trigger hepatitis by covalently linking a trifluoroacetyl (TFA) chloride hapten to hepatic proteins, forming haptenated self-proteins. To test this hypothesis, we developed a hapten-induced model of hepatitis by immunization with syngeneic S100 liver proteins covalently coupled to TFA (TFA-S100). We found that TFA-S100 induced hepatitis was more severe than disease induced by S100 plus adjuvants or by the adjuvant alone and was characterized by neutrophil, mast cell, and eosinophil infiltration. TFA-specific IgG1 antibodies directly correlated with hepatitis, whereas S100 autoantibodies did not. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 released from splenocytes collected 2 weeks after TFA-S100 inoculation were increased resembling the elevated serum cytokines reported in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Three weeks after inoculation, the peak of hepatitis, we noted decreased numbers of Kupffer cells and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the liver, cytokines produced by Kupffer cells. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a hapten-induced model of hepatitis with immune and autoimmune features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores B Njoku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Blalock 906A, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Mayerova D, Parke EA, Bursch LS, Odumade OA, Hogquist KA. Langerhans cells activate naive self-antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the steady state. Immunity 2004; 21:391-400. [PMID: 15357950 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
TCR transgenic mice that express a peptide antigen in keratinocytes develop a lethal CD8 T cell-dependent autoimmune disease. We employed an adoptive transfer system to understand this disease and show that transfer of low numbers of naive CD8 T cells into peptide transgenic mice caused chronic skin disease. The antigen-presenting cell that initiated this response was the epidermal Langerhans cell. Naive CD8 T cells proliferated extensively, migrated to tissues, developed effector function, and were capable of making a recall response. These features are very different from the abortive activation of CD8 T cells that occurred in response to the same antigen presented by APC from other tissues. Furthermore, tolerance was dominant when the antigen was presented by both Langerhans cells and other APC. These data suggest that Langerhans cells do not have tolerogenic properties in the steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Mayerova
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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